WO2005053555A1 - Elektrodenleitung für die elektrotherapie von herzgewebe - Google Patents
Elektrodenleitung für die elektrotherapie von herzgewebe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005053555A1 WO2005053555A1 PCT/EP2004/013857 EP2004013857W WO2005053555A1 WO 2005053555 A1 WO2005053555 A1 WO 2005053555A1 EP 2004013857 W EP2004013857 W EP 2004013857W WO 2005053555 A1 WO2005053555 A1 WO 2005053555A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- electrode line
- electrical conductor
- magnetic resonance
- electrotherapy
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000005003 heart tissue Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001827 electrotherapy Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000007831 electrophysiology Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002001 electrophysiology Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007632 sclerotherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000004165 myocardium Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003848 UV Light-Curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001174 endocardium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000037816 tissue injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/056—Transvascular endocardial electrode systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/00902—Material properties transparent or translucent
- A61B2017/00911—Material properties transparent or translucent for fields applied by a magnetic resonance imaging system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00577—Ablation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
- A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
- A61B2090/374—NMR or MRI
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/056—Transvascular endocardial electrode systems
- A61N1/0563—Transvascular endocardial electrode systems specially adapted for defibrillation or cardioversion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/08—Arrangements or circuits for monitoring, protecting, controlling or indicating
- A61N1/086—Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] compatible leads
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrode line for electrotherapy or examination of cardiac tissue, that is to say of myocardium.
- the electrode line has a connection with which the electrode line is connected to an electrical generator, an electrotherapy device or also to an implant, such as a pacemaker or defibrillator.
- the therapy device is preferably a generator for high-frequency current for tissue ablation.
- the electrode line has one or more sensing electrodes (sensing electrodes) or, additionally or alternatively, treatment electrodes.
- Electrode lines of this type are known in the field of electrophysiology, in particular for the detection and treatment of conduction disturbances in the heart, and are also referred to as EP catheters (electrophysiology catheters). In the present case, this designation is intended to include both mapping catheters for detecting a myocardial conduction line or ablation catheters for the local obliteration of heart tissue (myocardium) or combinations of such electrode lines. Such electrode lines are used in a first step to spread the excitation in the myocardium with the aid of sensing electrodes to detect disturbances in the spread of excitation.
- tissue sclerotherapy can be brought about by the application of generally high-frequency alternating current, which is deliberately delivered via treatment electrodes, with the result that there is no longer any conduction of stimulation where the cardiac tissue is obliterated.
- Corresponding catheters and therapies are known in principle and so far have the major disadvantage that the therapy cannot be carried out under observation in the context of magnetic resonance imaging (magnetic resonance tomography), since the electrical lines are located between the proximal end of the electrode line and the electrodes at the distal end of the Electrode line can heat up considerably as a result of the induced currents induced by the magnetic resonance tomograph.
- the electrical conductors of the usual electrode lines lead to undesirable artifacts in the image recorded with the magnetic resonance tomograph.
- the aim of the invention is therefore to provide an electrode line which also allows use in an MRI scanner.
- this aim is achieved with an electrode line of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which the electrical conductor or conductors running from the proximal to the distal end of the electrode line are formed from carbon.
- electrical conductors made of carbon can avoid both the undesired effect of the heating of the electrical conductors due to alternating magnetic fields in currents induced by magnetic resonance imaging and the undesirable effect of artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging.
- US Pat. Nos. 4,467,817, 4,721, 118 and 4,585,013 each disclose electrode lines for connection to a pacemaker, in which the electrical conductor is located between the proximal end connected to the pacemaker and the distal end of carbon located in the heart Fibers are formed, which are in the form of a bundle in a variety of about 3000 high-modulus filaments. The aim of those electrode lines was to create an electrode line with the smallest possible diameter.
- electrode lines for electrophysiology, in particular ablation electrode lines can also be constructed similarly or that electrode lines with an electrical conductor formed by carbon fibers permit the use or observation in the context of magnetic resonance imaging.
- An essential aspect of the invention thus consists in the knowledge that electrode lines, the electrical conductors of which are formed by carbon, also permit use in the context of magnetic resonance imaging.
- a further finding on which the invention is based is that the use of carbon-formed electrical conductors is particularly suitable for use in the context of electrophysiology, especially in electrode lines.
- Such electrode lines differ from stimulation electrode lines for connection to a pacemaker on the one hand in that the number of electrodes which the electrode line carries in the region of its distal end is typically a multiple of the number of electrodes in electrode lines for electrophysiology which a pacemaker electrode has.
- This plurality of electrodes of a typical electrode line for electrophysiology is also electrically connected to the proximal end of the electrode line via a corresponding number of electrical conductors.
- a pacemaker electrode usually has only two electrodes in the region of the distal end if the electrode line is designed as a bipolar electrode line. It is also necessary for the ablation to transmit greater energies via the electrode line than is the case with pacemaker electrodes.
- Electrode lines for the ablation - that is to say an ablation catheter - are usually designed such that a distal end section of the electrode line - that is to say the catheter shaft - can be bent out laterally by means of a control handle attached to the proximal end of the electrode line. Electrode leads intended for permanent implantation for connection to a pacemaker or defibrillator do not have this feature.
- a preferred embodiment variant of the electrode line has a plurality of ablation electrodes or a plurality of sensing electrodes or both. These electrodes are each electrically connected to a connection at the proximal end of the electrode line via a separate electrical conductor.
- An alternative electrode line designed for connection to an implantable defibrillator has at least one defibrillation electrode. Defibrillation electrodes differ from conventional stimulation or sensing electrodes, as they are connected to a pacemaker, by their usually considerably larger spatial expansion, which is a sufficiently large electrode surface to limit the current density to a level at the usual current intensities required for defibrillation in which tissue injuries are avoided.
- the electrode line according to the invention is constructed from materials that are compatible with magnetic resonance.
- magnetic resonance compatible and nuclear spin compatible are used here as synonyms.
- the magnetic resonance-compatible material forming the electrical conductor is carbon, which in a preferred embodiment of the invention is in the form of carbon fibers which comprise a large number of individual elements.
- the electrical conductor is preferably encased by an insulating sheath made of a flexible and magnetic resonance-compatible plastic.
- This plastic can consist entirely or partially of silicone, for example.
- the insulating sheath preferably contains an X-ray contrast agent, since neither the electrical conductor formed from carbon nor an insulating sheath, for example made of silicone, gives a sufficient contrast in an X-ray image.
- the X-ray contrast medium can contain, for example, barium sulfate or metal particles. The distribution of the metal particles within an insulating plastic matrix is preferably such that it does not influence the compatibility with magnetic resonance and at most leads to low artifacts in the context of magnetic resonance imaging.
- the electrical conductors of the electrode line have the desired electrical properties, they preferably have a cross section between 0.5 and 1.5 mm and a length between 40 cm and 120 cm. In preferred Design variants correspond to smaller cross-sections with shorter lengths and larger cross-sections with longer lengths.
- An aspect that can also be protected independently relates to the connection of a metallic electrical conductor, for example a copper wire, to an electrical conductor formed by carbon fibers.
- a connection variant consists in that one end of the metallic conductor is arranged to overlap the carbon fibers of the electrical conductor formed by carbon fibers and the metallic conductor and the conductor formed by carbon fibers are non-positively connected by means of a crimp sleeve. Such an overlap can be produced by pushing one end of the metallic conductor in the longitudinal direction into the initially loose fiber bundle, which forms the electrical conductor formed by carbon fibers, so that the corresponding end of the electrical conductor is completely made of carbon fibers is surrounded.
- An alternative, also independently protectable connection variant consists in that a sleeve is crimped (crimped) or glued with an electrically conductive adhesive onto a respective end of an electrical conductor made of carbon fibers and this sleeve is connected to a further electrical conductor by soldering or welding becomes.
- the end of an electrical conductor formed by carbon fibers can also be glued directly to a metallic conductor.
- the electrical conductor between a respective electrode and the proximal end of the corresponding electrode line does not extend over the entire length is formed by carbon fibers. Rather, the electrical conductor can be formed in a short longitudinal section of the electrode line - preferably in a longitudinal section provided for the lateral deflection - by conventional metallic conductors, for example copper wires, which in the previously described manner then with that of carbon fibers formed electrical conductors are connected.
- these metallic electrical conductors is chosen to be so short that it is shorter than a quarter of the wavelength of the alternating magnetic field, this metallic conductor is hardly heated despite the use of a metallic conductor, since the length of the metallic conductor does not match the wavelength of the magnetic alternating field is matched.
- a particularly preferred variant of a controllable ablation or mapping catheter consists in that a distal longitudinal section of a respective electrical conductor running within a flexible catheter section is formed by a metallic conductor, preferably a copper wire, while the longitudinal section of the conductor is in a proximal, stiffer one Catheter section is formed by carbon.
- the variants of an electrode line with an electrical conductor mentioned here which is formed in sections along the length by a metallic conductor and the other by an electrical conductor formed by carbon fibers, and the variants mentioned here of connecting an electrical conductor formed by carbon fibers to a metallic one Electrical conductors represent features that can be realized not only with catheters, such as mapping catheters or ablation catheters, but also with electrode lines, such as stimulation electrode lines or defibrillation electrode lines, for connection to implantable medical devices.
- Such electrode lines regardless of whether they are used as defibrillation electrodes for connection to an implantable defibrillator or as electrophysiology catheters, that is, they are designed as mapping or ablation catheters, which allow new, previously unknown or deemed to be impracticable methods to be carried out.
- These methods include methods for cardiac electrotherapy, in which electrotherapy takes place during magnetic resonance imaging (magnetic resonance imaging), which is made possible by using an electrode line which is constructed to be magnetic resonance compatible using an electrical conductor formed from carbon.
- Such electrotherapy preferably comprises ablation of the heart by high-frequency current to the tissue of the heart.
- the electrotherapy can also include electrostimulation of the heart tissue.
- an electrical conductor formed from carbon and having a magnetic resonance-compatible construction also allows a previously unknown and considered impracticable method for detecting electrical potentials of cardiac tissue, in which these potentials are recorded during magnetic resonance tomography by means of electrodes arranged intercardially, the electrodes being above carbon formed electrical conductors are electrically connected to a proximal end of the electrode line.
- the electrodes themselves can be metallic or can also be formed from carbon.
- Such electrodes and the basic structure of electrodes for defibrillation or for electrophysiology are known in principle with regard to the design of the electrodes and the external structure of the electrode line.
- the decisive difference between known electrophysiology catheters or defibrillation electrode lines and the electrode line according to the invention lies in the construction of the electrical conductors, which in conventional electrode lines, both for example, are formed by metal wires or filaments, while these are formed by carbon in the electrode lines according to the invention.
- Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a controllable, bipolar ablation catheter:
- FIG. 2 A detailed representation of the distal end of the ablation catheter from FIG. 1 in a longitudinal section;
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the distal end of the ablation catheter from FIG. 1 at the location indicated in FIG. 2;
- Figure 4 A longitudinal section of an alternative to Figure 3 construction of the distal end of an ablation catheter, as in Figure 1;
- Figures 5e) to g) representations of the cross sections designated in Figure 5b).
- the ablation catheter 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a catheter shaft 12, which is also referred to as an electrode line 12 in the context of this description and the claims.
- the electrode line 12 carries at its distal end two electrodes, namely a tip electrode 14 and a ring electrode 16.
- the tip electrode 14 and the ring electrode 16 serve in the case of tissue sclerotherapy (ablation) to deliver high-frequency alternating current to surrounding tissue in order to heat the tissue by means of the alternating current to such an extent that that it desolates.
- tissue sclerotherapy ablation
- the electrode line 12 is connected to a handle 18, which has a holding piece 20 and a sliding piece 22.
- the holding piece 20 and sliding piece 22 can be displaced relative to one another in the longitudinal direction of the holding piece 20 in a known manner in order to bring about a lateral deflection of a distal end section 24 of the electrode line 12. This is done in a generally known manner with the aid of a control wire 28 which is guided in a lumen 26 (see FIG. 3) of the electrode line 12 and is fastened in the region of the distal end of the electrode line 12.
- the control wire 28 is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the lumen 26 and is firmly connected to the holding piece 20 via a crimp connection 30, while the proximal end of the electrode line 12 is otherwise connected to the sliding piece 22.
- the holding piece 20 of the sliding piece 22 can cause a relative displacement of the control wire 28 with respect to the rest of the electrode line 12, which due to the eccentric arrangement of the control wire 28 with respect to the cross section of the electrode line 12 leads to a corresponding lateral deflection of the distal end section 24 of the electrode line 12.
- This form of controllability is a characteristic of conventional ablation catheters known to the person skilled in the art.
- the distal end section 24 of the electrode line 12 is designed to be more flexible than an adjoining proximal shaft section 32 of the electrode line 12.
- the proximal shaft section is reinforced by a braid ,
- the electrodes 14 and 16 serve to deliver high-frequency alternating current for the ablation or also the sensing of electrical potentials of the heart tissue, i.e. the mapping.
- the electrodes 14 and 16 must be electrically connected to a connection 40 which is connected to the handle 18 via a cable 42.
- connection 40 The electrical connection between the respective electrode 14 or 16 and the connection 40 is described below by way of example only for the electrical connection between the tip electrode 14 and the connection 40.
- the electrical connection between the ring electrode 16 and the connection 40 is designed accordingly.
- the tip electrode 14 is connected to a conventional electrical conductor 46 of the cable 42 via an electrical conductor 44 formed by carbon fibers (carbon fibers).
- the electrical conductor 44 formed by carbon fibers extends from the tip electrode 14 to a connection point within the holding piece 20, which is pushed onto the proximal end of the electrical conductor 44 formed by carbon fibers, if crimp sleeve 48 and a small one Board 50 is formed.
- the crimp sleeve 48 is connected in a known manner by squeezing to the proximal end of the electrical conductor 44 formed by carbon fibers.
- the crimp sleeve 48 is soldered to a conductor track in the circuit board 50 or welded to this conductor track.
- the usual electrical conductor 46 is connected to the same conductor track of the circuit board 50.
- the electrical connection between the tip electrode 14 and the distal end of the electrical conductor 44 formed by carbon fibers is constructed as follows: A distal crimp sleeve 52 is crimped onto the distal end of the electrical conductor 44. This metallic distal crimp sleeve 52 is electrically connected to the cap-shaped tip electrode 14 via a soldered or welded connection 54.
- the electrical conductor 44 formed by carbon fibers is in a further lumen 56 a multi-lumen tube 58 out.
- This multi-lumen tube 58 extends between the distal and the proximal end of the electrode line 12.
- the multi-lumen tube 58 is made of flexible, electrically insulating plastic.
- a suitable plastic is, for example, silicone.
- the multi-lumen tube 58 has two further lumens, namely a lumen 60 in which another electrical conductor 62 formed by carbon fibers is guided, which serves to contact the ring electrode 16 and has a smaller diameter than the electrical conductor 44 for contacting the tip electrode 14.
- a fourth lumen 64 serves to receive two electrical conductors or two light-conducting fibers 66, which lead to a temperature sensor 68, which is arranged in a cavity in the distal end of the tip electrode 14. With the help of the temperature sensor 68, tissue ablation can be carried out in a manner known per se in a temperature-controlled manner.
- the temperature sensor 68 is connected to the tip electrode 14 by means of an electrically insulating but heat-conducting adhesive 70.
- the temperature sensor 68 is preferably an optical temperature sensor which is connected to the proximal end of the electrode lines 12 via two light-conducting fibers.
- an electrical temperature sensor such as a thermocouple
- this sensor would have to be connected to the proximal end of the electrode line 12 with two electrical conductors.
- These electrical conductors are preferably metallic conductors. However, they can be made so thin and thermally insulated so well from the outside of the electrode line 12 that heating of these conductors 66 is irrelevant in the context of magnetic resonance imaging.
- the tip electrode 14 serves both as a sensing electrode and as a (unipolar) ablation electrode, while the ring electrode 16 serves exclusively as a sensing electrode. Therefore, the electrical conductor 62 can also have a smaller cross-sectional dimension than the electrical conductor 44.
- the ring electrode 16 is pushed onto the multilumen tube 58 on the outside. In the same way, the cap-shaped tip electrode 14 is pushed onto the distal end of the multi-lumen tube 58.
- the corresponding lumens 56 and 60 have lateral openings in the region of the electrodes 14 and 16 (not shown in the figures).
- the transition from the proximal end of the ring electrode 16 to the outer surface of the multi-lumen tube 58 is filled with UV-curing plastic 72.
- control wire 28 is connected at its distal end to the electrode line 12, so that the control wire 28, as an eccentrically arranged pulling wire, can cause the distal end section 24 of the electrode line 12 to bend laterally.
- the necessary connection of the distal end of the control or pull wire 28 with the electrode line 12 is solved by gluing the distal end of the control wire 28 with the lumen 26 in the region of the distal end of the control wire 28.
- the space between the control wire 28 and the wall of the lumen 26 is filled with an adhesive 74.
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative to FIG. 2 construction of the distal end of the electrode line 12 in an enlarged longitudinal section.
- the embodiment variant shown in FIG. 4 differs from that shown in FIG. 2 in that the connection of carbon Fibers formed electrical conductors 44 and 62 with the corresponding electrodes 14 and 16 are not made with the aid of crimp sleeves, but by means of an electrically conductive adhesive with which the distal ends of the electrical conductors 62 and 44 are glued to the ring electrode 16 or the tip electrode 14.
- the remaining structure corresponds to that shown in Figure 2.
- FIGS. 5a) to g) show a plurality of longitudinal and cross sections of an electrode line which differs from the electrodes illustrated above in that the electrical conductors 44 and 62 formed by carbon fibers only within the relatively rigid, proximal longitudinal section of the electrode line run while the electrical conductors in the flexible distal longitudinal section of the electrode line are conventional copper conductors 90, see FIGS. 5a) and 5b).
- FIG. 5b shows the longitudinal section of the electrode line in longitudinal section in which the electrode line merges from a proximal, relatively rigid proximal shaft section to the flexible, distal shaft section.
- the stiffness of the proximal shaft section is brought about, inter alia, by a tubular wire mesh 92, which is welded at the distal end to a metal sleeve 94 in the region of a welding point 96.
- the multi-lumen tube 58 is glued into the metal sleeve 94.
- the conductors 44 and 62 formed by carbon fibers are connected to conventional copper conductors 90.
- this connection is in each case such that a respective end of the copper conductor 90 projects between the carbon fibers forming the respective electrical conductor 44 or 62, as shown in the cross section according to FIG. 5f). Slipping out of the copper conductor end is prevented in each case by a crimp sleeve 100, with which the carbon fibers of the electrical conductors 44 and 62 and the respective ends of the copper conductors 90 are squeezed together and are thus connected to one another in a force-locking manner.
- the electrical conductors are also suitable for magnetic resonance, since the electrical conductors have a length that is shorter than a quarter of the wavelength of a typical magnetic alternating field, as is the case in the magnetic resonance nanztomographie is used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04803558.8A EP1691704B1 (de) | 2003-12-01 | 2004-12-01 | Elektrodenleitung für die elektrotherapie von herzgewebe |
US10/596,091 US7896873B2 (en) | 2003-12-01 | 2004-12-01 | Electrode catheter for the electrotherapy of cardiac tissue |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10356640.6 | 2003-12-01 | ||
DE10356640 | 2003-12-01 | ||
DE102004010424.7 | 2004-03-01 | ||
DE102004010424 | 2004-03-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005053555A1 true WO2005053555A1 (de) | 2005-06-16 |
Family
ID=34654846
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/013857 WO2005053555A1 (de) | 2003-12-01 | 2004-12-01 | Elektrodenleitung für die elektrotherapie von herzgewebe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7896873B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1691704B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005053555A1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1872825A2 (de) | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-02 | BIOTRONIK CRM Patent AG | Elektrodeneinrichtung für die Elektrodiagnose und/oder -therapie |
WO2008032249A2 (en) | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-20 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Catheter and medical assembly |
WO2008107838A1 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2008-09-12 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Apparatus and method for applying energy within an object |
WO2014066010A1 (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-05-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Mr-compatible implantable medical lead |
EP3067090A1 (de) | 2015-03-10 | 2016-09-14 | BIOTRONIK SE & Co. KG | Elektrodeneinrichtung für Elektrodiagnose und/oder Elektrothererapie sowie Implantat mit einer Elektrodeneinrichtung |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7896873B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 |
EP1691704B1 (de) | 2015-06-17 |
EP1691704A1 (de) | 2006-08-23 |
US20070100232A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
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