WO2004080485A1 - 上部消化管疾患の予防・治療剤 - Google Patents
上部消化管疾患の予防・治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004080485A1 WO2004080485A1 PCT/JP2004/003227 JP2004003227W WO2004080485A1 WO 2004080485 A1 WO2004080485 A1 WO 2004080485A1 JP 2004003227 W JP2004003227 W JP 2004003227W WO 2004080485 A1 WO2004080485 A1 WO 2004080485A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/177—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/14—Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
- A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/12—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/06—Antianaemics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/11—Antisense
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/06—Gastro-intestinal diseases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for upper gastrointestinal tract disease and a screening thereof. More specifically, it relates to a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for dyspepsia, bone metabolic disorder, anemia, etc., a gastric acid secretion inhibitor, a gastric acid secretion promoter and screening thereof, and also a gastric secretion test agent.
- a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for dyspepsia, bone metabolic disorder, anemia, etc. a gastric acid secretion inhibitor, a gastric acid secretion promoter and screening thereof, and also a gastric secretion test agent.
- Gastrointestinal disease is one of the common diseases in daily clinical practice.
- Reflux esophagitis, gastritis and peptic ulcer are diseases closely related to gastric acid secretion.
- Reflux esophagitis is a disease in which gastric and duodenal juices flow back into the esophagus due to impairment of the reflux prevention mechanism of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing damage to the esophageal mucosa.
- the number of elderly people increases, the number of patients with reflux esophagitis increases.
- the principle of treatment for these diseases is to simultaneously use aggressive factor inhibitors, protective factor potentiators, and Helicobacter pylori eradication agents.
- aggressor inhibitors include antacids (dry aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium oxide, etc.), anti-pepsin drugs (sucralfate, sodium sodium dybeto, etc.), acid secretion inhibitors (anticholinergic drugs, antagonists) , Proton pump inhibitors, etc.) are used clinically.
- antacids dry aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium oxide, etc.
- anti-pepsin drugs salivalfate, sodium sodium dybeto, etc.
- acid secretion inhibitors anticholinergic drugs, antagonists
- Proton pump inhibitors etc.
- Antagonists and proton pump inhibitors must be administered with caution to patients with impaired renal or hepatic function; side effects include shock, anaphylactic reaction, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocyte.
- side effects include shock, anaphylactic reaction, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocyte.
- Disease hemolytic anemia, granulocytopenia, anemia, toxic epidermal necrolysis, mucocutaneous ocular syndrome, rash, pruritus, liver dysfunction, jaundice, eosinophilia, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, drowsiness and insomnia, Known dizziness, tremor, fever, total cholesterol, elevated uric acid, gynecomastia, blurred vision, edema, weakness, malaise, tongue-lip numbness, joint pain, muscle pain, hair loss, etc. .
- GPR8 U Gand As a ligand for human GPR8 (Genomics, Vol. 28, pp. 84-91, 1995), a peptide having an ingestion effect, promotion of prolactin secretion, etc. (001/98494, J. Biol. Chem., 277) Vol., Pp. 35826-35832, 2002) (Neurope tide, referred to as GPR8 U Gand).
- a protein containing an amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 7'9, or a portion thereof A gastric acid secretion inhibitor comprising a compound that inhibits the activity of a peptide or a salt thereof or a salt thereof;
- a compound or a salt thereof which promotes the activity of a polypeptide having the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, its amide or its ester, or its salt Prevention and treatment of indigestion, bone metabolism disorder or anemia
- a protein containing the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79, or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof A prophylactic / therapeutic agent for dyspepsia, bone metabolism disorder or anemia containing a compound that promotes the activity of
- It comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or an amide or ester thereof, or a salt thereof.
- a polypeptide or a salt thereof which promotes the activity of a polypeptide having the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, its amide or its ester, or its salt Stimulates gastric acid secretion Filler
- a gastric acid secretagogue comprising an agonist
- a gastric secretion test agent comprising a polypeptide containing the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or an amide or ester thereof, or a salt thereof ,
- a polypeptide, an amide or an ester thereof, or an amide or an ester thereof, containing the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 A compound that inhibits the activity of a salt or a salt thereof, (ii) an antibody against the polypeptide or an amide or an ester thereof or a salt thereof, (iii) a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide or an amide or an ester thereof or a salt thereof
- An antisense polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or a sequence thereof; A protein containing the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by No.
- (19) '(a) inhibits the activity of a polypeptide having the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or its amide, its ester, or its salt, or (B) a protein containing an amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79, or a portion thereof; Prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal diseases characterized by inhibiting the activity of the peptide or its salt,
- a method for producing a gastric acid secretion inhibitor (i) a polypeptide containing an amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or an amide or amide thereof A compound that inhibits the activity of an ester or a salt thereof or a salt thereof, (ii) an antibody against the above-mentioned polypeptide or amide or an ester thereof or a salt thereof, (iii) a polypeptide or an amide thereof or an ester thereof or a salt thereof (Iv) SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 75, an antisense polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide encoding If the protein contains an amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79; Is a compound or a salt thereof that inhibits the activity
- (22) (a) inhibits the activity of a polypeptide containing an amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or an amide or ester thereof, or a salt thereof, or (B) a protein containing an amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79, or a portion thereof;
- a method for inhibiting gastric acid secretion which comprises inhibiting the activity of a peptide or a salt thereof;
- a method of preventing or treating dyspepsia, bone metabolism disorder or anemia characterized by promoting the activity of a protein containing one or substantially the same amino acid sequence or a partial thereof, a peptide or a salt thereof,
- An amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 for producing a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for dyspepsia, bone metabolism disorder or anemia A compound or a salt thereof that promotes the activity of a polypeptide or an amide or an ester thereof or a salt thereof, (ii) the polypeptide or an amide or an ester thereof or a salt thereof, (iii) the polypeptide (Iv) identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79 Or a compound or a salt thereof that promotes the activity of a protein or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof containing substantially the same amino acid sequence; (V) the protein or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof; or (vi) the protein or Use of a polynucleotide encoding the partial peptide or a salt thereof,
- a polypeptide for producing a gastric acid secretagogue (i) a polypeptide containing the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or an amide or ester thereof Or a compound that promotes the activity of a salt thereof or a salt thereof; (ii) the polypeptide or its amide or its ester (Iii) a polynucleotide encoding the above polypeptide or its amide or its ester or its salt, (iv) SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: A protein or a salt thereof which promotes the activity of a protein or a partial peptide thereof or a salt thereof having the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by 79, or (V) the above protein or a partial peptide thereof or (Vi) use of a polynucleotide encoding the above protein or a partial peptide thereof or a
- the present invention relates to a gastric secretion test method and the like, characterized by using a compound or a salt thereof that promotes the activity of the ester or a salt thereof.
- FIG. 1 shows the change in blood gastrin concentration by NPW administration.
- a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is a human warm-blooded animal (for example, Guinea pig, rat, mouse, chick, egret, pig, sheep, pig, monkey, etc.
- tissue present such as the brain, parts of the brain (eg, retina, olfactory bulb, amygdala, cerebral basal sphere, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, medulla, cerebellum), spinal cord, pituitary, stomach, ⁇ Gut, kidney, liver, gonad, thyroid, gall bladder, bone marrow, adrenal gland, skin, muscle, lung, gastrointestinal tract (eg, large intestine
- amino acid sequence substantially the same as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is, for example, about 70% or more, preferably about 80% or more, and preferably about 90% or more as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. % Or more, preferably about 95% or more, more preferably about 98% or more.
- amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 in addition to the above amino acid sequence, (i) 1 to 5 (preferably) in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 Is an amino acid sequence in which 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2, and more preferably 1) amino acids have been deleted.
- (Ii) 1 to 5 (preferably an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1) Is an amino acid sequence to which 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2, and more preferably 1) amino acid is added; (iii) 1 to 5 (to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1) Preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2, more preferably 1) an amino acid sequence into which an amino acid is inserted; (iv) 1 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 ⁇ 5 (preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2, more preferably 1 Amino amino acid sequence are substituted with other amino acids, (V) above (i) ⁇ (iv) is the amino acid sequence Nadogaa up that combines.
- polypeptide having an amino acid sequence substantially the same as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 examples include, for example, a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence substantially the same as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 described above. And a polypeptide having substantially the same activity as the polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. Good.
- Examples of the activity of substantially the same quality include the activity of the polypeptide of the present invention (eg, a gastric acid secretion promoting action and the like).
- Substantially equivalent activity indicates that the activities are qualitatively identical (eg, physiochemically or pharmacologically).
- the measurement of gastric acid secretion promotion can be performed according to a known method.
- amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 include, for example, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: : 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO:
- SEQ ID NO: 53 amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57 SEQ ID NO: 58 or the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 71.
- polypeptide of the present invention include, for example, a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, and a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 21
- a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7; a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8; an amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 A polypeptide having an acid sequence, a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12
- Polypeptide a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 24, a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 25 De, SEQ ID NO: polypeptide that having a amino acid sequence represented by 30, SEQ ID NO: The polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by 31, A
- polypeptide of the present invention is used in a sense that it includes a precursor polypeptide of the polypeptide of the present invention.
- precursor polypeptide examples include, for example, a polypeptide characterized by containing the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6. can give.
- amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 is about 80% or more, preferably about 90% or more, of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6. And more preferably an amino acid sequence having about 95% or more homology.
- an amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 Is an amino acid sequence in which 1 to 3 amino acids have been deleted; (ii) 1 to 100 (preferably 1 to 50, more preferably 1 to 100) amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 (Iii) 1-15 amino acids (preferably 1-10 amino acids, more preferably 1-10 amino acids) added to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 Is an amino acid sequence having 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3 amino acids, and (iv) 1 to 15 (preferably 1 to 15) in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6. 10 amino acids, more preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 3) amino acids are substituted with other amino acids. Acid sequence, and Amino acid sequence that is a combination of (V) above (i) ⁇ (
- amino acid sequence substantially the same as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 include, for example, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 29 or SEQ ID NO: And the amino acid sequence represented by 35.
- the precursor polypeptide include, for example, a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 20, a SEQ ID NO: 23 A polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 29, a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 35, and the like.
- the receptor for the polypeptide of the present invention has a binding activity with the polypeptide of the present invention, and the polypeptide of the present invention activates the cell stimulating activity of the receptor-expressing cells (for example, arachidone).
- Acid release acetylcholine release, intracellular Ca 2+ release, intracellular cAMP generation Z suppression, intracellular cGMP generation, inositol phosphate production, cell membrane potential fluctuation, intracellular protein phosphorylation, c_fos activation, pH decrease , such as those active such that promote such GTP T S binding activity) is observed and the like.
- GPR8 SEQ ID NO: 73; Genomics, 28, 84-91, 1995
- rat TGR26 SEQ ID NO: 75; WO 02/44368
- amino acid sequence identical or substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 75 A receptor containing a amino acid sequence
- a receptor containing (4) GPR7 SEQ ID NO: 79; Genomics, 28, 84-91, 1995
- retinal cells hepatocytes, spleen cells, neural cells, glial cells, viscera; 8 cells, bone marrow cells, mesangial cells, Langerhans cells, epidermis Vesicles, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, fiber cells, muscle cells, adipocytes, immune cells (eg, macrophages, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, neutrophils, basophils Monocytes), megakaryocytes, synovial cells, chondrocytes, bone cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mammary cells, hepatocytes or stromal cells, or precursors, stem cells or cancer cells of these cells, or the like.
- immune cells eg, macrophages, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, neutrophils, basophils Monocytes
- megakaryocytes synovial cells
- chondrocytes bone cells
- osteoblasts osteoclasts
- tissues where cells exist such as the brain, various parts of the brain (eg, retina, olfactory bulb, amygdala, basal sphere, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, medulla, cerebellum), spinal cord, lower Pituitary gland, stomach, kidney, kidney, liver, gonad, thyroid, gall bladder, bone marrow, adrenal gland, skin, muscle, lung, gastrointestinal tract (eg, large intestine, small intestine), blood vessels, heart, thymus, spleen, submandibular gland, Peripheral blood, prostate, testicles, Ovary, placenta, uterus, bone, joint, skeletal muscle, etc., or blood cell line or its cultured cells (e.g., MEL, Ml, CTLL-2, HT-2, WEHI-3, HL-60, HL-60, bandits-1, K562, ML_1, MOLT-3, MOLT-4, MOLT-10, CCRF-C
- SEQ ID NO: 73 which is substantially the same as the amino acid sequence represented by amino acid sequence.
- amino acid sequence substantially the same as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 75 includes, for example, 85% or more, preferably about 90% or more, more preferably about 95% or more of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 75. And amino acid sequences having homology of at least%.
- the amino acid sequence substantially the same as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 77 includes, for example, 86% or more, preferably about 90% or more, more preferably about 95% or more of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 77. And amino acid sequences having homology of at least%.
- the amino acid sequence substantially the same as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 79 includes about 70% or more, preferably about 80% or more, more preferably about 90% of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9. Examples include amino acid sequences having the above homology.
- Examples of a protein containing an amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79 include, for example, SEQ ID NO: 73 SEQ ID NO: 76 Contains an amino acid sequence substantially identical to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79, and is represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79 A protein having substantially the same activity as a protein having an amino acid sequence is preferred.
- the amino acid sequence substantially the same as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79 includes (i) SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, 1 to 15 (preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 3) amino acids in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79 (Ii) 1-15 amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79 (preferably 1-10, Preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3) amino acids, (iii) SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 79, the amino acid sequence represented by 1 to 15 (preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, (Preferably, 1 to 3 amino acids), (iv) an amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO:
- Specific examples of the receptor of the present invention include, for example, a protein containing an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, a protein containing an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: A protein containing the amino acid sequence represented by 77, a protein containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 79, and the like are used.
- the partial peptide of the receptor for the polypeptide of the present invention may be any partial peptide that can be used in a method for screening a drug or the like described below.
- a partial peptide having an ability to bind to the polypeptide of the present invention a partial peptide containing an amino acid sequence corresponding to an extracellular region, or the like is used.
- peptides having an amino acid sequence of 20 or more, preferably 50 or more, more preferably 100 or more are preferable.
- amino acid sequence (i) one or two or more (preferably about 1 to 10, more preferably several (1 to 5)) amino acids in the amino acid sequence are deleted, and (ii) the amino acid sequence One or more (preferably about 1 to 20, more preferably about 1 to 10, and still more preferably several (1 to 5)) amino acids, or (iii) the amino acid One or more (preferably about 1 to 10, more preferably several, and still more preferably about 1 to 5) amino acids in the sequence may be substituted with another amino acid.
- amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73 a partial amino acid sequence consisting of the 1st (Met) to 123rd (Phe) amino acid residues or a part thereof, and the 301st (Asn) to A partial amino acid sequence consisting of the 358th (Lys) amino acid residue or a part thereof, and a partial amino acid sequence consisting of the 548th (Tyr) to 593th (Arg) amino acid residue Contains the amino acid sequence or a part thereof, and one or more partial amino acid sequences selected from the partial amino acid sequence consisting of amino acid residues 843 (Al a) to 895 (lie) or a part thereof A partial peptide, (b) a partial amino acid sequence consisting of the 1st (Met) to 85th (Asp) amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 75 or a part thereof, or a 222nd amino acid sequence (Cys ) To 329 (Al a)
- polypeptide, receptor or partial peptide thereof of the present invention the left end is the N-terminus (amino terminus) and the right end is the C-terminus (capilloxy terminus) according to the convention of peptide labeling.
- R in the ester e.g., methyl, Echiru, n- propyl, C w alkyl group such as isopropyl or n- heptyl, for example, cyclopentyl Le, C 3 _ 8 cycloalkyl group such as cyclohexyl, for example, phenyl, alpha-naphthyl C 6 _ 12 Ariru group such as, for example, benzyl, phenyl, such as phenethyl - C
- M alkyl group or a "- C 7 such as a- Nafuchiru C M alkyl group such as naphthylmethyl - other 14 Ararukiru groups, such as pivaloyl old Kishimechiru group commonly used as an oral ester.
- the carboxyl group may be amidated or esterified.
- the ester in this case, for example, the above-mentioned C-terminal ester and the like are used.
- the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue eg, methionine residue
- may have a protecting group for example, alkanol such as formyl group, acetyl group, etc.
- Substituent on the side chain of amino acid in the molecule are suitable protecting groups (eg If, formyl group, those protected by Asechiru like Ashiru group such as _ 6 Arukanoiru group such group), or sugar chains; etc. composite ⁇ white matter, such as so-called glycoproteins bound.
- salts with physiologically acceptable acids eg, inorganic acids, organic acids
- bases eg, alkali metal salts
- physiologically acceptable acid addition salts include, for example, salts with inorganic acids (eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid) or organic acids (eg, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, Salts with succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid) are used.
- inorganic acids eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid
- organic acids eg, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid
- the polypeptide, receptor or partial peptide thereof of the present invention can be produced from the above-described human warm-blooded animal cells or tissues by a known polypeptide purification method, or a DNA encoding the polypeptide described below. It can also be produced by culturing the transformant transformed by the above method. It can also be produced according to the peptide synthesis method described below. For example, it can be produced according to the methods described in WO 01/98494, WO 02/44368 and the like.
- the human or mammalian tissues or cells are homogenized, then extracted with an acid or the like, and the extract is subjected to reverse phase chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. Purification and isolation can be achieved by combining chromatography methods such as chromatography.
- a commercially available resin for polypeptide synthesis can be usually used.
- resins include, for example, chloromethyl resin, hydroxymethyl, benzhydrylamine resin, aminomethyl J3, 4-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol resin, 4-methylbenzhydrylamine resin, PAM Resin, 4-hydroxymethylmethylphenylacetamidomethyl resin, polyacrylamide resin, 4- (2,4'-dimethoxyphenylhydroxymethyl) phenoxy resin, 4- (2 ', 4'- Dimethoxyphenyl (mocaminoethyl) phenoxy resin.
- the amino group and the side Amino acids having appropriately protected chain functional groups are condensed on a resin in accordance with the sequence of the target polypeptide according to various known condensation methods.
- the polypeptide is cleaved from the resin, and at the same time, various protecting groups are removed.
- an intramolecular disulfide bond formation reaction is carried out in a highly diluted solution to obtain the desired polypeptide, receptor, partial peptide or a peptide thereof. Obtain the amide form.
- the protected amino acid may be added directly to the resin along with a racemization inhibitor (e.g., HOBt, HOOBt), or the protected amino acid may be pre-activated as a symmetric anhydride or HOBt ester or HOOBt ester. It can be added to the resin after it has been modified.
- a racemization inhibitor e.g., HOBt, HOOBt
- the protected amino acid may be pre-activated as a symmetric anhydride or HOBt ester or HOOBt ester. It can be added to the resin after it has been modified.
- the solvent used for activating the protected amino acid or condensing with the resin can be appropriately selected from solvents known to be usable for the polypeptide condensation reaction.
- acid amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, alcohols such as trifluoroethanol , Sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, ethers such as pyridine, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran, nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, or an appropriate mixture thereof.
- the reaction temperature is appropriately selected from the range known to be usable for the polypeptide bond formation reaction, and is usually selected from the range of about 120 to 5 appropriately.
- the activated amino acid derivative is usually used in a 1.5 to 4-fold excess.
- Examples of the protecting group for the amino group of the starting material include Z, Boc, t-pentyloxy carbonyl, isopolnyoxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, CI-Z, Br-Z, and adamantyloxy.
- Z Boc, t-pentyloxy carbonyl, isopolnyoxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, CI-Z, Br-Z, and adamantyloxy.
- carbonyl, trifluoroacetyl, phthaloyl, formyl, 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl, diphenylphosphinothioyl, Fmoc and the like are used.
- the lipoxyl group may be, for example, alkyl esterified (eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, t-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 2-adamantyl, etc.).
- alkyl esterified eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, t-butyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 2-adamantyl, etc.
- Alkyl esterification Alkyl esterification
- aralkyl esterification for example, benzyl ester, 4-nitrobenzyl ester, 4-methoxybenzyl ester, 4-chlorobenzyl ester, benzhydryl esterification
- phenacyl esterification benzyloxycarponyl It can be protected by hydrazide, t-butoxycarbonyl hydrazide, trityl hydrazide and the like.
- the hydroxyl group of serine can be protected, for example, by esterification or etherification.
- Suitable groups for this esterification include, for example, lower (C ⁇ 6 ) alkanol groups such as acetyl group, aroyl groups such as benzoyl group, groups derived from carbonic acid such as benzyloxycarbonyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups. It is required.
- groups suitable for etherification include, for example,., Benzyl, tetrahydropyrael, t-butyl and the like.
- the protecting group of the phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosine for example, B z 1, C 1 2 - B z 1, 2- nitrobenzyl, B r- Z, such as t one-butyl is used.
- a protecting group for imidazole of histidine for example, Tos, 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl, DNP, benzyloxymethyl, Bum, Boc, Trt, Fmoc and the like are used.
- Examples of the activated carbonyl group of the starting material include, for example, corresponding acid anhydrides, azides, active esters [alcohols (eg, phenol, 2,4; 5-triphenol, 2,4; Dinitrophenol, cyanomethyl alcohol, paranitrophenol, H ⁇ NB, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, ester with H ⁇ Bt)].
- alcohols eg, phenol, 2,4; 5-triphenol, 2,4; Dinitrophenol, cyanomethyl alcohol, paranitrophenol, H ⁇ NB, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, ester with H ⁇ Bt
- Raw material As the activated amino group, for example, a corresponding phosphoric amide is used.
- Methods for removing (eliminating) protecting groups include, for example, catalytic reduction in a hydrogen stream in the presence of a catalyst such as Pd-black or Pd-carbon, or hydrogen fluoride anhydride or methanesulfonic acid.
- a catalyst such as Pd-black or Pd-carbon, or hydrogen fluoride anhydride or methanesulfonic acid.
- the elimination reaction by the above-mentioned acid treatment is generally carried out at a temperature of about ⁇ 20 to 40 ° C.
- a cation scavenger such as amide, 1,4-butanedithiol, 1,2-ethanedithiol, etc.
- the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group used as an imidazole protecting group of histidine is removed by thiophenol treatment
- the formyl group used as an indole protecting group of tryptophan is 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1,4-
- alkali treatment with dilute sodium hydroxide solution, dilute ammonia and the like.
- the protection of the functional group that should not be involved in the reaction of the raw materials, the protecting group, the elimination of the protective group, the activation of the functional group involved in the reaction, and the like can be appropriately selected from known groups or known means.
- an amide form of the polypeptide, receptor or partial peptide thereof of the present invention for example, first, after amidating and protecting the ⁇ -hydroxyl group of the amino acid at the carboxy terminal, a peptide ( (Polypeptide) after extending the chain to a desired length, a polypeptide from which only the amino-protecting group at the C-terminal of the peptide chain has been removed, and a polypeptide from which only the protecting group at the C-terminal carboxyl group has been removed. And the two polypeptides are condensed in a mixed solvent as described above. Details of the condensation reaction are the same as described above.
- a desired crude polypeptide After purifying the protected polypeptide obtained by the condensation, all the protecting groups are removed by the above-mentioned method, and a desired crude polypeptide can be obtained.
- This crude polypeptide can be purified using various known purification means. Then, the amide of the desired polypeptide, receptor or its partial peptide can be obtained by freeze-drying the main fraction.
- an ester of the polypeptide, receptor or partial peptide thereof of the present invention for example, after condensing the carboxyl-terminal amino acid at the carboxyl group with a desired alcohol to form an amino acid ester, the polypeptide, receptor or In the same manner as the amide of the partial peptide, a desired polypeptide, receptor or ester of the partial peptide can be obtained.
- the polypeptide, receptor or partial peptide thereof of the present invention can be produced according to a known peptide synthesis method, or, for a partial peptide of the receptor, by cleaving the receptor with an appropriate peptidase.
- a method for synthesizing a peptide for example, either a solid phase synthesis method or a liquid phase synthesis method may be used. That is, the polypeptide of the present invention, the receptor or a partial peptide or amino acid capable of constituting a partial peptide thereof is condensed with the remaining portion, and when the product has a protecting group, the protecting group is eliminated. By doing so, the desired peptide can be produced.
- Known methods for condensation and elimination of protecting groups include, for example, the methods described in the following (a) to (e).
- polypeptide, receptor or partial peptide thereof of the present invention can be purified and isolated by a combination of recrystallization and the like.
- the polypeptide, receptor or its partial peptide obtained by the above method is a free form, it can be converted to an appropriate salt by a known method or a method analogous thereto.
- it when it is obtained in the form of a salt, it can be converted into a free form or another salt by a known method or a method analogous thereto.
- the DNA encoding the polypeptide, receptor or partial peptide thereof of the present invention may be any DNA containing the above-described nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide, receptor or partial peptide thereof of the present invention. It may be. Further, it may be any of genomic DNA, genomic DNA library, cDNA derived from the above-mentioned cells and tissues, cDNA library derived from the above-mentioned cells and tissues, and synthetic DNA.
- the vector used for the library may be any of pacteriophage, plasmid, cosmid, phagemid and the like. In addition, using the prepared total RNA or mRNA fraction from the cell '
- RT-PCR method Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- DNA encoding the polypeptide of the present invention examples include: (a) SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 6 (SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 0 or sequence DNA containing the base sequence represented by No.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 SEQ ID NO: 4
- SEQ ID NO: 13 SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: No .: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66,
- the nucleotide sequence of the present invention which has a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70 or SEQ ID NO: 72 under high stringency end conditions, and DNA encoding a polypeptide having substantially the same activity as the
- SEQ ID NO: 27 SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO : 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70 or SEQ ID NO:
- DNAs that can be produced are (i) SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, and SEQ ID NO: 17, respectively.
- SEQ ID NO: 62 SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO:? 0 or the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 72, or (ii) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 28 or SEQ ID NO: 34
- a DNA containing a nucleotide sequence having homology of 70% or more, preferably about 80% or more, more preferably about 90% or more, and still more preferably about 95% or more is used.
- Hybridization can be performed according to a known method or a method analogous thereto, for example, the method described in Molecular Cloning 2nd (J. Sambrook et al., Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 1989). When using a commercially available library, it can be performed according to the method described in the attached instruction manual. More preferably, it can be performed under high stringent conditions. Highly stringent conditions refer to, for example, a sodium concentration of about 19 to 40 mM, preferably about 19 to 20 mM, and a temperature of about 50 to 70 ° C, preferably about 60 to 65 ° C. . Particularly, the case where the sodium concentration is about 19 mM and the temperature is about 65 ° C. is most preferable.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16, and the like.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17, and the like.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18, and the like.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 24 a DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 26, or the like is used.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 30 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 32, and the like.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 36 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 38, and the like.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 37 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 39, and the like.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 42 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 60, and the like.
- the DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 43 is a DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 61. A etc. are used,
- XX As the DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 45, a DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 63 or the like is used.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 46 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 64, and the like.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 49 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 32, and the like.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 50 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, and the like.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 52 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 66, and the like.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 54 DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 68 or the like is used.
- the DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 21 includes a DN containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 70.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 56 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 66, and the like.
- the DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 57 is a DN containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3.
- DNA encoding the polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 58 includes DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 66, and the like.
- the DNA encoding the receptor of the present invention includes, for example, (1) a DNA containing the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 74, or a DNA having the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 74 under high stringent conditions.
- nucleotide sequence which hybridizes with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 under high stringency end conditions, and represented by SEQ ID NO: 77 DNA encoding a protein having substantially the same activity as the protein containing the amino acid to be prepared, (4) 'a DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 80, or represented by SEQ ID NO: 80 DNA encoding a protein having a base sequence that hybridizes under high stringent conditions to the base sequence and encoding a protein having substantially the same activity as the protein containing the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO: 79, etc. If any It may be the one.
- Examples of the DNA that can hybridize with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 78, or SEQ ID NO: 80 under high stringency end conditions include, for example, SEQ ID NO: 74, respectively. About 70% or more, preferably about 80% or more, more preferably about 90% or more, and still more preferably about 95% or more with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 78 or SEQ ID NO: 80. A DNA containing a base sequence having the same is used.
- Hybridization is performed according to a known method or a method analogous thereto, for example, the method described in Molecular Cloning 2nd (J. Sambrook et al., Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, 1989). be able to.
- the procedure can be performed according to the method described in the attached instruction manual. More preferably, it can be performed under high stringent conditions.
- High stringency conditions refer to, for example, a sodium concentration of about 19 to 40 mM, preferably about 19 to 20 mM, and a temperature of about 50 to 70: preferably about 60 to 65 ° C. Particularly, the case where the sodium concentration is about 19 mM and the temperature is about 65 ° C is most preferable.
- the DNA encoding the protein containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73 includes a DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 74, and an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 75.
- Encodes the contained protein As a DNA, a DNA containing the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 76; as a DNA encoding a protein containing the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 77, a base represented by SEQ ID NO: 78
- As a DNA containing a sequence or a DNA encoding a protein containing an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 79, a DNA containing a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 80 or the like is used.
- any DNA may be used as long as it contains the above-described nucleotide sequence encoding the partial peptide of the receptor of the present invention. Further, it may be any of genomic DNA, genomic DNA library, the above-described cell / tissue-derived cDNA, the above-described cell / tissue-derived cDNA library, and synthetic DNA.
- Examples of the DNA encoding the partial peptide of the receptor of the present invention include: (1) DNA having a partial nucleotide sequence of DNA having the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 74, or represented by SEQ ID NO: 74 A partial nucleotide sequence of a DNA having a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes under high stringent conditions to a nucleotide sequence and encoding a protein having substantially the same activity as the protein containing the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO: 73 (2) DNA having a partial base sequence of DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 76, or a base that hybridizes with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 76 under conditions of high stringency end A DNA having a partial nucleotide sequence of a DNA having a sequence and encoding a protein having substantially the same activity as the protein containing the amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO: 75; (3) DNA having a partial base sequence of DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:
- DNA encoding the partial peptide of the receptor of the present invention more specifically, in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 73, 1st (Met) to 43rd (Phe), 101st ( 1 or 2 or more selected from partial amino acid sequences represented by Asn) to 118 (Lys), 188 (Tyr) to 213 (Arg) and 283 (Ala) to 295 (lie) DNA containing a DNA having a nucleotide sequence encoding a partial peptide containing a partial amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or DNA containing a DNA having a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes with these under highly stringent conditions, etc. Is raised.
- the DNA encoding the polypeptide, receptor or partial peptide thereof of the present invention may be labeled by a known method, specifically, isotope-labeled one, fluorescent labeling Labeled (eg, fluorescent labeling with fluorescein), biotinylated or enzyme-labeled.
- fluorescent labeling Labeled eg, fluorescent labeling with fluorescein
- biotinylated or enzyme-labeled e.g, a polypeptide of the present invention which has been subjected to isotope wrapping is used.
- the DNA may be completely amplified by a known PCR method using a synthetic DNA primer having a partial nucleotide sequence of the polypeptide of the present invention, or it may be cloned into an appropriate vector.
- the integrated DNA can be selected by hybridization with a DNA fragment encoding a part or the entire region of the polypeptide of the present invention or a DNA fragment labeled with a synthetic DNA. The hybridization can be performed according to, for example, the method described in Molecular Cloning 2nd (J.
- the DNA base sequence can be converted using a known kit, for example, Mutan TM _super Express Km (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.), Mutan TM -K (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.), 0DA-LAPCR method, Gapped duplex method, It can be performed according to a known method such as the Kunkel method or a method analogous thereto.
- the DNA encoding the cloned polypeptide can be used as it is depending on the purpose, or can be used by digesting with a restriction enzyme or adding a linker, if desired.
- the DNA may have ATG as a translation initiation codon at the 5 'end and TAA, TGA or TAG as a translation stop codon at the 3' end. These translation initiation codon and translation termination codon can also be added using an appropriate synthetic DNA 7 dub.
- An expression vector for the polypeptide of the present invention includes, for example, (a) cutting out a DNA fragment of interest from DNA encoding the polypeptide of the present invention, and (mouth) converting the DNA fragment into an appropriate expression vector. It can be produced by connecting it downstream of one of the promoters.
- the vector examples include a plasmid derived from Escherichia coli (eg, PBR322, pBR325, pUC12, pUC13), a plasmid derived from Bacillus subtilis (eg, pUB110, pTP5, pC194), and a plasmid derived from yeast (eg, pSH19).
- Phage such as ⁇ phage, animal viruses such as retrovirus, vaccinia virus, and paculovirus, as well as pA1-11, pXTl, pRc / CMV, pRc / RSV, pc DNA IN eo is used.
- the promoter used in the present invention may be any promoter as long as it is suitable for the host used for gene expression.
- SRa promoter when animal cells are used as host, SRa promoter, SV40 promoter, HIV 'LTR promoter, CMV promoter, HSV-TK promoter and the like can be mentioned.
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- SRCK cytomegalovirus
- the host is Escherichia
- Bacillus such as trp promoter, lac promoter, recA promoter, APL promoter, lpp promoter, T7 promoter, etc.
- yeast PH05 promoter, PGK promoter, GAP promoter, ADH promoter, etc. are preferable.
- polyhedrin promoter overnight, P10 promoter and the like are preferable.
- the expression vector may contain, in addition to the above, an enhancer, a splicing signal, a poly-A addition signal, a selection marker, and an SV40 replication origin (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as SV40 ori), if desired. Anything can be used.
- the selection Ma one car, for example, dihydrofolate reductase (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as dh fr) gene [meso Bok Rekise one Bok (MTX) resistance], ampicillin phosphorus resistance ⁇ Ko (hereinafter, the Amp r sometimes abbreviated), neomycin resistance gene (hereinafter sometimes referred to as Ne o r, G418 resistance), and the like.
- dhfr gene is used as a selection marker using dhfr gene-deficient Chinese hamster cells
- the target gene can be selected using a thymidine-free medium.
- a signal sequence suitable for the host is added to the N-terminal side of the polypeptide of the present invention.
- the host is Escherichia, PhoA signal sequence OmpA.
- the signal sequence, etc. is the ⁇ amylase 'signal sequence, subtilisin signal sequence, etc.
- the host is yeast, the MFa signal sequence, the SUC2 signal sequence, etc.
- an insulin signal sequence, an a-interferon signal sequence, an antibody molecule and a signal sequence can be used, respectively.
- a transformant can be produced.
- Escherichia bacteria for example, Escherichia bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, yeast, insect cells, insects, animal cells, and the like are used.
- Escherichia examples include, for example, Escherichia cali K12-DH1CProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 60, 160 (1968)], JMl 03 [Nucleic Acids Research, 9, 309 (1981)], JA221 [Journal of Molecular Biology, 120, 517 (1978)], HB 101 (Journal of Molecular Biology, 41, 459 (1969)], C600 [Genetics, 39, 440 (1954)], etc. are used.
- Bacillus subtilis MI114 Gene, 24, 255 (1983)
- 207-21 Journal of Biochemistry, 95, 87 (1984)] and the like are used.
- yeast examples include Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22, AH22R—, NA87-11A, DKD—5D, 20B—12, Schizosaccharomyces pombe NC YC 1913, NCYC2036, and Pichia pastoris (Pichia pastoris) K M71 or the like is used.
- insect cells for example, when the virus is Ac NPV, a cell line derived from a larva of night roth moth (Spodoptera frugiperda cell; S f cell), MG1 cell derived from the midgut of Trichoplusia ni, and egg derived from Trichoplusia ni egg High Five TM cells, cells derived from Mamestra brassicae or cells derived from Estigmena acrea are used.
- Sf cells for example, Sf9 cells (ATCCCRL1711), Sf21 cells (above, In Vivo, 13, 213-217, (1977)) and the like are used.
- insects for example, silkworm larvae are used [Maeda et al., Nature, 315, 592 (1985)].
- animal cells for example, monkey cell COS-7, Vero, Chinese eight-musta cell CH0 (hereinafter abbreviated as CH0 cell), dhfr gene-deficient Chinese hamster cell CH0 (hereinafter abbreviated as CHO (dhfr) cell), mouse L cells, mouse AtT-20, mouse myeloma cells, rat GH3, human FL cells, etc. are used.
- CH0 cell Chinese eight-musta cell CH0
- dhfr gene-deficient Chinese hamster cell CH0 hereinafter abbreviated as CHO (dhfr) cell
- mouse L cells mouse AtT-20
- mouse myeloma cells rat GH3, human FL cells, etc.
- Transformation of Bacillus spp. Can be performed, for example, according to the method described in Molecular & General Genetics, Vol. 168, Ilia 979).
- Insect cells or insects can be transformed, for example, according to the method described in Bio / Technology, 6, 47-55 (1988).
- a liquid medium is suitable as a medium to be used for culturing, and a carbon source necessary for the growth of the transformant is contained therein.
- the carbon source include glucose, dextrin, soluble starch, and sucrose.
- the nitrogen source include ammonium salts, nitrates, corn steep liquor, peptone, power zein, meat extract, soybean meal, and potato extract.
- Inorganic or organic substances such as liquids and inorganic substances include, for example, calcium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium chloride and the like.
- yeast extract vitamins, growth promoting factors and the like may be added.
- the pH of the medium is preferably about 5-8.
- an M9 medium containing glucose and casamino acids As a medium for cultivating a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, for example, an M9 medium containing glucose and casamino acids (Journal of Experiments in Molecular Genetics, 431-433, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 1972) ] Is preferred. If necessary, a drug such as, for example, 3 ⁇ -indolylacrylic acid can be added to make the promotion work efficiently.
- culturing is usually performed at about 15 to 43 ° C for about 3 to 24 hours, and if necessary, aeration and stirring may be added.
- the cultivation is usually carried out at about 30 to 40 for about 6 to 24 hours, and if necessary, aeration and stirring can be applied.
- Burkholder's minimum medium Proc. Natl. Acad. ScI. USA, 77, 4505 (1980)
- the pH of the medium is adjusted to about 5-8.
- the cultivation is usually performed at about 20 to 35 ° C for about 24 to 72 hours, and aeration and agitation are added as necessary.
- the culture medium When culturing an insect cell or a transformant whose host is an insect, the culture medium is an additive such as 10% serum inactivated in Grace's Insect Medium (Nature, 195, 788 (1962)). Are appropriately added.
- the pH of the medium is preferably adjusted to about 6.2 to 6.4. Culture is usually performed at about 27 for about 3 to 5 days, and aeration and agitation are added as necessary.
- examples of the medium include MEM medium containing about 5 to 20% fetal bovine serum [Science, 122, 501 (1952)], DMEM medium [Virology, 8, 396 (1959)], RPMI 1640 medium [The Journal of the American Medical Association 199, 519 (1967)], 199 medium
- the pH is about 6-8.
- the cultivation is usually carried out at about 30 to 40 for about 15 to 60 hours, and aeration and stirring are added as necessary.
- polypeptide of the present invention can be produced in the cells of the transformant, in the cell membrane or outside the cells.
- polypeptide of the present invention can be separated and purified from the above culture by, for example, the following method.
- the cells or cells are collected by a known method, suspended in an appropriate buffer, and subjected to ultrasonic wave, lysozyme and / or After the cells or cells are destroyed by freeze-thawing or the like, a method of obtaining a crude extract of the polypeptide by centrifugation or filtration is appropriately used.
- the buffer may contain a protein denaturant such as urea or guanidine hydrochloride, or a surfactant such as Triton X-100 TM.
- the polypeptide contained in the culture supernatant thus obtained or the extract Can be purified by appropriately combining known separation and purification methods.
- These known separation and purification methods mainly include methods using solubility such as salting out and solvent precipitation, dialysis, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mainly molecular weight.
- Methods that use differences in charge methods that use differences in charge, such as ion-exchange chromatography, methods that use specific affinity, such as affinity chromatography, and methods that use hydrophobicity, such as reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
- a method using a difference, a method using an isoelectric point difference such as an isoelectric focusing method, and the like are used.
- the polypeptide thus obtained when obtained in a free form, it can be converted to a salt by a known method or a method analogous thereto.
- the compound can be converted into a free form or another salt by an analogous method.
- the polypeptide produced by the recombinant can be arbitrarily modified or the polypeptide can be partially removed by the action of an appropriate protein modifying enzyme before or after purification.
- an appropriate protein modifying enzyme for example, trypsin, chymotrypsin, arginylendopeptidase, protein kinase, glycosidase and the like are used.
- An antibody against the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention may be any antibody capable of recognizing the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention. Any one may be used.
- An antibody against the polypeptide or the receptor of the present invention can be produced according to a known method for producing an antibody or an antiserum using the polypeptide or the receptor of the present invention as an antigen.
- the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention is administered to a warm-blooded animal at a site capable of producing an antibody by administration, itself or together with a carrier or diluent.
- Complete Freund's adjuvant / incomplete Freund's adjuvant may be administered in order to enhance the antibody-producing ability upon administration. Administration is usually once every 2 to 6 weeks, 2 to 10 times in total Done to the extent.
- Examples of the warm-blooded animal to be used include monkeys, egrets, dogs, guinea pigs, mice, rats, sheep, goats, and chickens, and mice and rats are preferably used.
- a warm-blooded animal immunized with the antigen for example, an individual with an antibody titer from a mouse, and collect the spleen or lymph node 2 to 5 days after the final immunization.
- a monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma By fusing antibody-producing cells contained therein with myeloma cells of the same or heterologous animals, a monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma can be prepared.
- the antibody titer in the antiserum can be measured, for example, by reacting the labeled polypeptide described below with the antiserum, and then measuring the activity of the labeling agent bound to the antibody.
- the fusion operation can be performed according to a known method, for example, the method of Kohler and Milstein [Nature, 256, 495 (1975)].
- the fusion promoter include polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Sendai virus, but PEG is preferably used.
- myeloma cells examples include myeloma cells of warm-blooded animals such as NS-1, P3U1, SP2 / 0, and AP-1, and P3U1 is preferably used.
- the preferred ratio between the antibody-producing cells (spleen cells) used and the number of myeloma cells is about 1: 1 to 20: 1, and PEG (preferably PEG1000 to PEG6000) is added at a concentration of about 10 to 80%.
- the cell fusion can be performed efficiently by incubating at 30 to 37 ° C for 1 to 10 minutes.
- hybridoma culture on a solid phase eg, microplate
- a polypeptide (protein) antigen is adsorbed directly or together with a carrier
- the supernatant is added, and then an anti-immunoglobulin antibody (anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody is used if the cells used for cell fusion are mice) or protein A, labeled with a radioactive substance or enzyme, and solid phase is added.
- an anti-immunoglobulin antibody anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody is used if the cells used for cell fusion are mice
- protein A labeled with a radioactive substance or enzyme
- a method for detecting monoclonal antibodies bound to the antibody adding a hybridoma culture supernatant to a solid phase to which anti-immune glopurin antibody or protein A is adsorbed, adding a polypeptide labeled with radioactive substances, enzymes, etc. And a method of detecting a monoclonal antibody bound to the DNA.
- monoclonal antibodies is performed according to a known method or a method analogous thereto. be able to. Usually, it can be performed in a medium for animal cells supplemented with HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine).
- HAT hyperxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine
- any medium can be used as long as hybridomas can grow.
- RPMI 1640 medium containing 1-20%, preferably 10-20% fetal bovine serum, GIT medium containing 1-10% fetal bovine serum (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) or for hybridoma culture None
- a serum medium SFM-101, Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
- SFM-101 Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
- the culturing temperature is usually 20 to 40 t, preferably about 37.
- the culture time is usually 5 days to 3 weeks, preferably 1 week to 2 weeks.
- the cultivation can usually be performed under 5% carbon dioxide.
- the antibody titer of the hybridoma culture supernatant can be measured in the same manner as the measurement of the antibody titer in the antiserum described above.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be separated and purified by known methods, for example, immunoglobulin separation and purification methods (eg, salting out, alcohol precipitation, isoelectric focusing, electrophoresis, ion exchangers (eg, ), Specific centrifugation, gel filtration, antigen-binding solid phase, or specific antibody purification using an active adsorbent such as protein A or protein G to dissociate the bond and obtain the antibody. Method].
- immunoglobulin separation and purification methods eg, salting out, alcohol precipitation, isoelectric focusing, electrophoresis, ion exchangers (eg, ), Specific centrifugation, gel filtration, antigen-binding solid phase, or specific antibody purification using an active adsorbent such as protein A or protein G to dissociate the bond and obtain the antibody. Method].
- immunoglobulin separation and purification methods eg, salting out, alcohol precipitation, isoelectric focusing, electrophoresis, ion exchangers (
- the polyclonal antibody of the present invention can be produced according to a known method or a method analogous thereto.
- a immunizing antigen polypeptide antigen itself or a complex thereof with a carrier protein is prepared, and immunized against a warm-blooded animal in the same manner as in the above-described method for producing a monoclonal antibody, and the immunized animal is used to produce the polypeptide of the present invention.
- the antibody can be produced by collecting an antibody-containing substance for the peptide and separating and purifying the antibody.
- the type of the carrier protein and the mixing ratio between the carrier-protein and the hapten are determined by the antibody against the hapten immunized by crosslinking the carrier protein. If it can be efficiently cross-linked, what kind of substances may be cross-linked at any ratio, for example, ⁇ serum albumin ⁇ ⁇ thyroglobulin, hemocyanin, etc. in a weight ratio of about 1 hapten to 1 hapten 0.1-20, preferably about 1-5 You can.
- condensing agents can be used for force coupling between the hapten and the carrier protein.
- dartalaldehyde, carbodiimide, maleimide active ester, an active ester reagent containing a thiol group or a dithiopyridyl group, or the like is used.
- Can be The condensation product is administered to a warm-blooded animal itself or together with a carrier or diluent at a site where antibody production is possible.
- Complete Freund's adjuvant ⁇ Incomplete Freund's adjuvant may be administered in order to enhance the antibody-producing ability upon administration. The dose is usually given about once every 26 weeks, for a total of about 3 to 10 doses.
- the polyclonal antibody can be collected from the blood, ascites, etc., preferably from the blood, of the warm-blooded animal immunized by the above method.
- the measurement of the polyclonal antibody titer in the antiserum can be performed in the same manner as the measurement of the antibody titer in the antiserum described above.
- the polyclonal antibody can be separated and purified according to the same method for separating and purifying immunoglobulin as in the above-described method for separating and purifying a monoclonal antibody.
- DNAs of the present invention bases complementary to or substantially complementary to DNAs encoding the polypeptide, receptor or partial peptide thereof of the present invention (hereinafter, these DNAs may be abbreviated as DNAs of the present invention in some cases).
- an antisense polynucleotide having a sequence preferably DNA
- DNA a nucleotide sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to DNA of the present invention is used. Any antisense DNA may be used as long as it has an effect of suppressing the expression of the DNA.
- the nucleotide sequence substantially complementary to the DNA of the present invention is, for example, the entire nucleotide sequence or a partial nucleotide sequence of the nucleotide sequence complementary to the DNA of the present invention (that is, the complementary strand of the DNA of the present invention). And about 70% or more, preferably about 80% or more, more preferably about 90% or more, and most preferably about 95% or more.
- the complementary sequence of the nucleotide sequence of the portion encoding the N-terminal portion of the polypeptide of the present invention is approximately 70%. % Or more, preferably about 80% or more, more preferably about 90% or more, and most preferably about 95% or more antisense DNA. It is suitable.
- These antisense DNAs can be produced using a known DNA synthesizer or the like.
- the antisense DNA of the present invention may contain altered or modified sugars, bases, or bonds, and may be provided in a special form such as ribosome or microsphere, or applied by gene therapy. , Can be given in added form.
- the additional forms include polycations, such as polylysine, which act to neutralize the charge of the phosphate backbone, and lipids, which enhance the interaction with cell membranes or increase the uptake of nucleic acids (for example, hydrophobic substances such as phospholipids and cholesterol are exemplified.
- Preferred lipids for addition include cholesterol and its derivatives (eg, cholesteryl chromate formate, cholic acid, etc.).
- Such a substance can be attached to the 3 'end or 5' end of a nucleic acid, and can be attached via a base, sugar, or intramolecular nucleoside bond.
- Other groups include cap groups specifically located at the 3 'or 5' end of nucleic acids that prevent degradation by nucleases such as exonucleases and RNases. .
- Examples of such a capping group include, but are not limited to, hydroxyl-protecting groups known in the art, such as glycols such as polyethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol.
- the inhibitory activity of antisense DNA can be measured using the transformant of the present invention, the in vivo or in vitro gene expression system of the present invention, or the in vivo or in vitro translation system of the peptide or receptor of the present invention. You can find out.
- the following are (a) the polypeptide of the present invention, (b) the receptor of the present invention (hereinafter also including its partial peptide), (c) the DNA of the present invention, (d) the antibody of the present invention, and (e) The application of the antisense DNA of the present invention will be described.
- the polypeptide of the present invention is a cell expressing the receptor of the present invention, for example, GPR8, GPR7, rat TGR26 or mouse TGR26. It is an endogenous ligand for the receptor of the present invention.
- the polypeptide of the present invention has a gastric acid secretion promoting action and the like.
- the polypeptide of the present invention or the DNA of the present invention is abnormal or deficient, or when the receptor of the present invention or the DNA encoding the receptor is abnormal or deficient Examples include: dyspepsia (eg, pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia, etc.), bone metabolism disorders (eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc.), anemia (eg, iron deficiency) Anemia, etc.) is likely. Accordingly, the polypeptide of the present invention and the DNA of the present invention can be used, for example, as a gastric acid secretagogue, for example, for dyspepsia (eg, pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia).
- dyspepsia eg, pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia, etc.
- bone metabolism disorders eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc.
- anemia eg, iron defic
- the polypeptide of the present invention can also be used as a gastric secretion test agent.
- the polypeptide of the present invention and the DNA of the present invention can be used, for example, by administering the DNA of the present invention to a patient when the polypeptide of the present invention is reduced or deficient in a living body.
- the (mouth) cells of the present invention are introduced into the cells, and after expressing the polypeptide of the present invention, the cells are transplanted into a patient.
- the role of the polypeptide of the present invention in the patient can be sufficiently or normally exerted.
- the DNA of the present invention When the DNA of the present invention is used as the above-mentioned prophylactic or therapeutic agent, the DNA is used alone or inserted into an appropriate vector such as a retrovirus vector, an adenovirus vector, an adenovirus associated virus vector, or the like. Thereafter, it can be administered to humans or warm-blooded animals according to conventional means.
- the DNA of the present invention can be administered as it is or in the form of a formulation with a physiologically acceptable carrier such as an adjuvant for promoting uptake, using a gene gun or a catheter such as a hydrogel catheter.
- polypeptide of the present invention When used as the above-mentioned prophylactic / therapeutic agent, it is purified to at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%, further preferably at least -99%. It is preferable to use those that have been prepared.
- the polypeptide of the present invention can be used, for example, as a tablet, capsule, elixir, microcapsule, or the like, which is sugar-coated, if necessary, or water or water. Can be used parenterally (preferably subcutaneously) in the form of an injection such as a sterile solution with other pharmaceutically acceptable liquids or a suspension.
- the polypeptide of the present invention may be used together with physiologically acceptable carriers, flavors, excipients, vehicles, preservatives, stabilizers, binders, and the like in a unit dosage form generally required for the practice of pharmaceutical preparations. It can be manufactured by mixing. The amount of the active ingredient in these preparations is adjusted so that an appropriate dose in the specified range can be obtained. '
- Additives that can be incorporated into tablets, capsules, etc. include, for example, binders such as gelatin, corn starch, tragacanth, gum arabic, excipients such as crystalline cellulose, corn starch, gelatin, alginic acid, etc. Swelling agents such as magnesium stearate, sweeteners such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin, and flavoring agents such as peppermint, cocoa oil or cherry.
- a liquid carrier such as oils and fats can be further contained in the above-mentioned type of material.
- Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated according to normal pharmaceutical practice of dissolving or suspending the active substance in vehicles such as water for injection, and naturally occurring vegetable oils such as sesame oil, coconut oil and the like. .
- aqueous liquids for injection examples include physiological saline, isotonic solutions containing dextrose and other adjuvants (eg, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, etc.).
- adjuvants eg, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, etc.
- Auxiliaries such as alcohols (eg, ethanol), polyalcohols (eg, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), nonionic surfactants (eg, Polysorbate 80 TM, HCO-50) Etc.).
- examples of the oily liquid include sesame oil and soybean oil, and may be used in combination with solubilizers such as benzyl benzoate and benzyl alcohol.
- buffers eg, phosphate buffer, sodium acetate buffer, etc.
- soothing agents eg, benzalkonium chloride, proforce hydrochloride, etc.
- stabilizers eg, human serum albumin, polyethylene glycol, etc.
- Preservatives eg, benzyl alcohol, phenol, etc.
- antioxidants eg, antioxidants and the like.
- the prepared injection is usually filled in an appropriate ampoule.
- the vector into which the DNA of the present invention has been inserted is also formulated in the same manner as described above. Used orally.
- the preparations obtained in this way are safe and have low toxicity, for example, in humans or in warm-blooded animals (eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, egrets, birds, higgies, bush, horses, cats, cats). , Dogs, monkeys, etc.).
- the dose of the polypeptide of the present invention may vary depending on the target disease, the subject of administration, the administration route, and the like.For example, when the polypeptide of the present invention is administered subcutaneously for the purpose of treating osteoporosis, it is generally In adults (assuming a body weight of 60 kg), the polypeptide is administered at about 0.1 to 100 mg, preferably about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably about 1.0 to 20 mg per day. In the case of other animals, the dose can be administered in terms of weight per 60 kg.
- the polypeptide of the present invention can be used as a gastric secretion test agent.
- the polypeptide of the present invention is administered to a subject, and the degree of secretion of gastric juice is measured using BAO (basal acid output), MAO daximal acid output, etc. as an index. From this, the degree of residual function of gastric secretory cells, the degree of atrophy of gastric cells, etc. were determined, and the therapeutic effect of duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis, gastritis, gastric ulcer, atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, etc., follow-up, recurrence, prevention This is an indicator above, and is also useful in determining the scope of surgery.
- BAO basic acid output
- MAO daximal acid output etc.
- the polypeptide of the present invention has a function as a ligand of the receptor of the present invention
- the function and activity of the polypeptide of the present invention are A compound that promotes (eg, has a gastric acid secretion promoting action, etc.) or a salt thereof is useful, for example, as a gastric acid secretagogue, etc., for example, for dyspepsia (eg, pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia) Disease), bone metabolism disorders (eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc.), and anemia (eg, iron deficiency anemia, etc.).
- the compound or a salt thereof can be further used as a gastric secretion test agent.
- compounds or salts thereof that inhibit the function or activity (eg, gastric acid secretion promoting action) of the polypeptide of the present invention are useful as, for example, gastric acid secretion inhibitors, mucosal protective agents, mineral absorption promoters, and the like.
- Upper gastrointestinal disorders eg, peptic ulcers (eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomotic ulcer, Zollinger-El li son syndrome, etc.), gastritis, reflux Remedies for esophagitis, NUD (Non Ulcer Dyspepsia), gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, ulcers caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastric hyperacidity and ulcers due to postoperative stress, etc.) 'Can be used as a pylori eradication agent.
- peptic ulcers eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomotic ulcer, Zollinger-El li son syndrome, etc.
- gastritis eg., reflux Remedies for esophagitis
- NUD Non Ulcer Dyspepsia
- gastric cancer gastric MALT lymphoma
- ulcers caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs gastric hyperacidity
- the screening can be carried out by using the polypeptide of the present invention or constructing an expression system for the recombinant polypeptide of the present invention and using the receptor binding system using the expression system.
- Compounds that alter the binding between the polypeptide and its receptor (compounds that promote or inhibit the activity of the polypeptide of the present invention) (eg, peptides, proteins, non-peptidic compounds, synthetic compounds, fermentation products, etc.) Or salts thereof can be screened.
- Such compounds may have cell stimulatory activity (e.g., arachidonic acid release, acetylcholine release, intracellular Ca2 + release, inhibition of intracellular cAMP production, intracellular cGMP production, inositol phosphate via the receptor of the present invention) production, change in cell membrane potential, phosphorylation of intracellular proteins, activation of C_fos, lowering of pH, GTP T S binding activity, etc. compound having an activity, etc.) that promote (i.e. polypeptide receptors Agonisuto of the present invention) And a compound having no cell stimulating activity (ie, a receptor antagonist of the polypeptide of the present invention).
- cell stimulatory activity e.g., arachidonic acid release, acetylcholine release, intracellular Ca2 + release, inhibition of intracellular cAMP production, intracellular cGMP production, inositol phosphate via the receptor of the present invention
- change in cell membrane potential e.g., phosphorylation of
- a method for screening a compound or a salt thereof that promotes or inhibits the activity of the polypeptide of the present invention which comprises using the polypeptide of the present invention, include the receptor of the present invention or a receptor thereof.
- the receptor of the present invention When the polypeptide of the present invention is brought into contact with a partial peptide (hereinafter, these may be simply referred to as the receptor of the present invention) and (ii) the receptor of the present invention A compound that alters the binding property between the polypeptide of the present invention and the receptor of the present invention, which is characterized by comparing with the case where the polypeptide and a test compound are brought into contact (the activity of the polypeptide of the present invention is promoted or Inhibitor) or a method of screening for a salt thereof.
- a compound that activates the receptor of the present invention for example, a polypeptide of the present invention
- a test compound is brought into contact with a cell containing the receptor of the present invention, cell stimulating activity via the receptor of the present invention (for example, arachidonic acid release, Acetylcholine release, intracellular Ca 2+ release, intracellular cAMP generation / suppression, intracellular cGMP generation, inositol phosphate production, cell membrane potential fluctuation, intracellular protein phosphorylation, C-fos activation, pH decrease, GTP compounds that alter the binding between the polypeptide of the present invention and the receptor of the present invention, which are characterized by measuring and comparing the activity of promoting or suppressing the rS binding activity and the like (the present invention).
- a compound that activates the receptor of the present invention was expressed on the cell membrane by culturing a transformant containing DNA encoding the receptor of the present invention.
- a transformant containing the DNA encoding the receptor of the present invention is cultured with a compound that activates the receptor of the present invention and a compound that activates the receptor of the present invention,
- Cell stimulating activity mediated by the receptor of the present invention when contacted with the receptor of the present invention expressed above e.g., arachidonic acid release, acetylcholine release, intracellular Ca 2+ release, intracellular cAMP production / suppression
- a compound that changes the binding property between the polypeptide of the present invention and the receptor of the present invention compound that promote
- polypeptide of the labeled invention [
- SEQ ID NO: is-labeled respectively: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 3
- the receptor of the present invention used in the screening method of the present invention may be any receptor that recognizes the polypeptide of the present invention as a ligand.
- a membrane fraction and the like are preferred.
- the receptor of the present invention and the like which is expressed in a large amount using a recombinant, is suitable for use in screening.
- the above-described production method and the like are used.
- the preparation method described later when cells containing the receptor of the present invention or the cell membrane fraction are used, the preparation method described later may be followed.
- the cell When a cell containing the receptor of the present invention is used, the cell may be immobilized with daltaraldehyde, formalin, or the like.
- the immobilization method can be performed according to a known method.
- the cell containing the receptor of the present invention refers to a host cell expressing the receptor of the present invention.
- the host cell include the aforementioned Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, insect cells, animal cells, and the like.
- Examples of the host cell that has expressed the receptor of the present invention include the same method as the above-described method for producing a transformant transformed with the expression vector containing the polypeptide of the present invention.
- the membrane fraction refers to a fraction containing a large amount of cell membrane obtained by a known method after cell disruption.
- Methods for crushing cells include crushing cells with a Potter-Elvehjem-type homogenizer, crushing with a single-ring blender ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ polytron (Kinematica), crushing with ultrasonic waves, French press, etc. Crushing by ejecting cells from a thin nozzle while applying pressure.
- fractionation by centrifugal force such as fractionation centrifugation or density gradient centrifugation is mainly used.
- the cell lysate is centrifuged at low speed (500-3000 ⁇ ) ⁇ ) for a short time (usually about 1-10 minutes), and the supernatant is further centrifuged at high speed (15000-30000 ⁇ 111) for 30 minutes to 2 hours.
- the obtained precipitate is used as a membrane fraction.
- the membrane fraction is rich in the expressed receptor of the present invention and membrane components such as cell-derived phospholipids and membrane proteins.
- the amount of the receptor of the present invention in the cell or membrane fraction containing the receptor of the present invention is preferably 10 3 to 10 8 molecules per cell, more preferably 10 5 to 10 molecules per cell. is there. What The higher the expression level, the higher the ligand binding activity (specific activity) per membrane fraction, which not only enables the construction of a highly sensitive screening system, but also enables the measurement of a large number of samples in the same lot. .
- the receptor fraction of the present invention is preferably a natural receptor fraction of the present invention, or a recombinant receptor fraction of the present invention having an activity equivalent thereto.
- the equivalent activity means equivalent ligand binding activity and the like.
- the labeled polypeptide for example [3 ⁇ 4], [125 1], [14 c], it can be utilized such as polypeptides labeled with like [35 s].
- Mashiku is a polypeptide labeled with [125 1].
- a preparation of the receptor by suspending in a suitable buffer.
- the buffer may be any buffer such as a phosphate buffer having a pH of 4 to 10 (preferably pH 6 to 8) or a buffer such as a tris-hydrochloride buffer which does not inhibit the binding between the ligand and the receptor.
- a surfactant such as CHAPS, Tffeen-80 TM (Kaoichi Atlas), digitonin, and dexcholate can be added to the buffer.
- protease such as PMSF, leptin, E-64 (manufactured by Peptide Research Institute), and peptide suptin is suppressed.
- Agents can also be added.
- To the receptor solution 0. 01 ⁇ 10ml, added polypeptide of the labeled present invention a certain amount (5000 ⁇ 500000cpm), coexist 10_ 1 () ⁇ 10- 7 M the test compound at the same time.
- a reaction tube containing a large excess of the unlabeled polypeptide of the present invention is also prepared to determine the non-specific binding amount (NSB).
- the reaction is carried out at 0 to 50 ° C, preferably 4 to 37 ° C, for 20 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 3 hours.
- the reaction solution is filtered through a glass fiber filter paper, washed with an appropriate amount of the same buffer, and the radioactivity remaining on the glass fiber filter paper is measured using a liquid scintillation counter or an air counter. Measure with When the count (B ⁇ -NSB) obtained by subtracting the non-specific binding amount (NSB) from the count (B.) when there is no antagonistic substance is taken as 100%, the specific binding amount (B-NSB) becomes 50%, for example. % Or less can be selected as candidate compounds having competitive inhibitory ability.
- cell stimulating activity via the receptor of the present invention for example, arachidonic acid release, acetylcholine release, intracellular Ca 2+ release, intracellular cAMP generation Z suppression, intracellular cGMP generation, inositol phosphate production Cell membrane potential fluctuation, intracellular protein phosphorylation, c-fos activation, pH reduction, activity to promote or suppress GTP rS binding activity, etc.
- cell stimulating activity via the receptor of the present invention for example, arachidonic acid release, acetylcholine release, intracellular Ca 2+ release, intracellular cAMP generation Z suppression, intracellular cGMP generation, inositol phosphate production Cell membrane potential fluctuation, intracellular protein phosphorylation, c-fos activation, pH reduction, activity to promote or suppress GTP rS binding activity, etc.
- cells containing the receptor of the present invention are cultured in a multiwell plate or the like. Before screening, replace the medium with a fresh medium or an appropriate buffer that is not toxic to cells, add test compounds, etc., incubate for a certain period of time, and then extract cells or collect supernatant. Then, the generated product is quantified according to each method. If the production of a substance (for example, arachidonic acid) as an indicator of cell stimulating activity is difficult to be assayed by a degrading enzyme contained in the cells, an assay may be performed by adding an inhibitor to the degrading enzyme. . In addition, activities such as cAMP production suppression can be detected as a production suppression effect on cells whose basic production has been increased by forskolin or the like.
- a substance for example, arachidonic acid
- cells expressing the appropriate receptor of the present invention are required.
- the above-mentioned cell lines expressing the receptor of the present invention and the like are desirable.
- Test compounds include, for example, peptides, proteins, non-peptidic compounds, synthetic compounds, fermentation products, cell extracts, plant extracts, animal tissue extracts, and the like.
- a screening kit for a compound that alters the binding between the polypeptide of the present invention and the receptor of the present invention (a compound that promotes or inhibits the activity of the polypeptide of the present invention) or a salt thereof is provided by the kit of the present invention.
- Examples of the screening kit of the present invention include the following. 1. Screening reagent
- the solution may be sterilized by filtration through a 0.45 m filter and stored at 4 ° C, or may be prepared at use.
- CH0 cells expressing the receptor of the present invention were subcultured on a 12-well plate at 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well and cultured for 2 days in 37, 5% CO 2 , 95% air.
- the polypeptide of the present invention is dissolved at a concentration of lmM in PBS containing 0.1% serum albumin (manufactured by Sigma) and stored at ⁇ 20 ° C.
- Compounds or salts thereof obtained by using the above-described screening method or screening kit can be compounds (inhibiting or promoting the binding) that alter the binding between the polypeptide of the present invention and the receptor of the present invention.
- a compound that promotes or inhibits the activity of the polypeptide of the present invention specifically, a compound having a cell stimulating activity via the receptor of the present invention or a salt thereof (so-called receptor agonist of the present invention), or Are compounds having no such stimulating activity (so-called receptor antagonists of the present invention).
- Such compounds include peptides, proteins, non-peptidic compounds, synthetic compounds, fermentation products, and the like. These compounds may be novel compounds or known compounds.
- the specific method of evaluating whether the receptor agonist or the antagonist of the present invention is the above may be according to the following (i) or (ii).
- test compound is brought into contact with a cell containing the receptor of the present invention, and the above-described cell stimulating activity of the receptor of the present invention is measured.
- the compound having a cell stimulating activity or a salt thereof is the receptor agonist of the present invention.
- a compound that activates the receptor of the present invention for example, the polypeptide of the present invention or the receptor agonist of the present invention
- Compounds that activate the receptor and test compounds The cell stimulating activity mediated by the receptor of the present invention when the cells are brought into contact with the cells containing is measured and compared.
- the compound capable of decreasing the cell stimulating activity of the compound that activates the receptor of the present invention or a salt thereof is the receptor agonist of the present invention.
- the receptor agonist of the present invention has the same activity as the physiological activity of the polypeptide of the present invention on the receptor of the present invention, it can be used as a gastric acid secretion promoter similarly to the polypeptide of the present invention.
- Useful, safe and low toxic such as dyspepsia (eg, pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia), bone metabolism disorders (eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc.) It can be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for anemia (eg, iron deficiency anemia, etc.).
- the receptor antagonist of the present invention can suppress the physiological activity of the polypeptide of the present invention on the receptor of the present invention, it is useful as, for example, a gastric acid secretion inhibitor, a mucosal protective agent, and a mineral absorption promoter.
- Is safe and low toxic such as upper gastrointestinal disorders [eg, peptic ulcers (eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomotic ulcer, Zol 1 inger-El 1 son syndrome, etc.), gastritis, reflux esophagus Inflammation, NUD (Non Ulcer Dyspepsia), gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, ulcers caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastric hyperacidity and ulcers due to post-operative stress, etc.), Helicobacter pylori It can be used as a fungicide.
- upper gastrointestinal disorders eg, peptic ulcers (eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomotic ulcer, Zol 1 inger-El 1 son syndrome, etc.), gastritis, reflux esophagus Inflammation, NUD (Non Ulcer Dyspepsia), gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, ulcers caused by non-ster
- the receptor agonist of the present invention can also be used as a gastric juice secretion testing agent.
- the agonist is administered to a subject, and the degree of gastric juice secretion is measured using BAO (basal acid output), MAO (maximal acid output) and the like as indexes. From this, the degree of residual function of gastric secretory cells, the degree of atrophy of gastric cells, etc. were determined, and the therapeutic effect, follow-up, recurrence and prevention of duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis, gastritis, gastric ulcer, atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, etc. In addition to being an index, it is also useful in determining the scope of surgery.
- Compounds or salts thereof obtained using the screening method or screening kit of the present invention include, for example, peptides, proteins, non-peptidic compounds, synthetic compounds, fermentation products, cell extracts, plant extracts, animal tissues It is a compound selected from extracts, plasma, and the like, and is a compound that promotes or inhibits the activity or function of the polypeptide of the present invention.
- salt of the compound those similar to the aforementioned salts of the polypeptide of the present invention are used. You can.
- a compound obtained by using the screening method or the screening kit of the present invention is used as the above-mentioned prophylactic / therapeutic agent, it can be carried out according to conventional means.
- tablets, capsules, elixirs, microcapsules, sterile solutions, suspensions, and the like can be prepared in the same manner as the above-mentioned pharmaceuticals containing the polypeptide of the present invention.
- the preparations obtained in this way are safe and low toxic, and can be used, for example, in humans or warm-blooded animals (eg, mice, rats, puppies, higgs, bush, puppies, puppies, puppies, cats, dogs, Monkeys, chimpanzees, etc.).
- warm-blooded animals eg, mice, rats, puppies, higgs, bush, puppies, puppies, puppies, cats, dogs, Monkeys, chimpanzees, etc.
- the dose of the compound or a salt thereof varies depending on its action, target disease, subject to be administered, administration route and the like.
- a compound that inhibits the activity of the polypeptide of the present invention is administered subcutaneously for the purpose of treating reflux esophagitis, generally, in an adult (per 60 kg body weight), the compound is reduced to about 0. 1-100 mg, preferably about 1.0-50 mg, more preferably about 1.0-20 mg is administered. In the case of other animals, the dose can be administered in terms of 60 kg of body weight.
- a compound that promotes the activity of the polypeptide of the present invention when administered subcutaneously for the purpose of treating dyspepsia, generally, in an adult (per 60 kg of body weight), the compound is used in an amount of about 0.1 to about 0.1 per day. 100 mg, preferably about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably about 1.0 to 20 mg is administered. In the case of other animals, the dose can be administered in terms of weight per 60 kg.
- the antibody of the present invention can specifically recognize the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention, the quantification of the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention in a test solution, particularly, quantification by a sandwich immunoassay. And so on.
- the present invention is a.
- one antibody reacts with the polypeptide of the present invention or an antibody that recognizes the N-terminal of the receptor, and the other antibody reacts with the C-terminal of the polypeptide or the receptor of the present invention. It is desirable that the antibody be used.
- the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention can be quantified using a monoclonal antibody against the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention, and can also be detected by tissue staining or the like.
- the antibody molecule itself may be used, or F (ab ') 2 , Fab ⁇ or Fab fraction of the antibody molecule may be used.
- the method for quantifying the polypeptide or the receptor of the present invention using the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the antibody, Bohara or Any method that detects the amount of the antibody-antigen complex by chemical or physical means and calculates this from a standard curve prepared using a standard solution containing a known amount of chromogen, May be used.
- the nephrometry method, the competitive method, the immunometric method, and the San Germanti method are preferably used, but it is particularly preferable to use the sandwich method described below in terms of sensitivity and specificity.
- a radioactive isotope eg, [125 1], [131 1], [3 ⁇ 4], TO, [32 P], C 33 P], [35 s]
- Fluorescent substances eg, cyanine fluorescent dyes (eg, Cy2, Cy3, Cy5, Cy5.5, Cy7 (manufactured by Amersham Bioscience)), fluorescamine, fluorescein isothiosinate, etc.
- enzymes Eg, 3-galactosidase, i3-darcosidase, alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, malate dehydrogenase, etc.
- luminescent substances eg, luminol, luminol derivatives, luciferin, luci
- the carrier include insoluble polysaccharides such as agarose, dextran and cell mouth, synthetic resins such as polystyrene, polyacrylamide, and silicon, and glass.
- the test solution is reacted with the insolubilized monoclonal antibody of the present invention (primary reaction), and further reacted with another labeled monoclonal antibody of the present invention (secondary reaction).
- primary reaction the insolubilized monoclonal antibody of the present invention
- secondary reaction another labeled monoclonal antibody of the present invention
- the primary reaction and the secondary reaction may be performed in the reverse order, may be performed simultaneously, or may be performed at staggered times.
- the labeling agent and the method of insolubilization can be in accordance with those described above.
- the antibody used for the solid phase antibody or the labeling antibody is not necessarily one type, and a mixture of two or more types of antibodies is used for the purpose of improving the measurement sensitivity and the like. May be used.
- the monoclonal antibody of the present invention used in the primary reaction and the secondary reaction differs in the site to which the polypeptide of the present invention binds.
- Antibodies are preferably used. That is, for example, when the antibody used in the secondary reaction recognizes the C-terminal of the polypeptide of the present invention, the antibody used in the primary reaction is Preferably, an antibody that recognizes other than the C-terminal, such as the N-terminal, is used.
- the monoclonal antibody of the present invention can be used in a measurement system other than the sandwich method, for example, a competition method, an immunometric method, or a nephrometry.
- a competition method the antigen in the test solution and the labeled antigen are allowed to react competitively with the antibody, and then the unreacted labeled antigen (F) and the labeled antigen bound to the antibody (B) are separated.
- F labeled antigen
- B labeled antigen bound to the antibody
- a soluble antibody is used as an antibody
- BZF separation is performed using polyethylene glycol
- a liquid phase method using a second antibody against the antibody or a solid phase antibody is used as the first antibody
- a solid-phase method using a soluble antibody as the first antibody and using a solid-phased antibody as the second antibody is used.
- the antigen in the test wave and the immobilized antigen are subjected to a competitive reaction with a fixed amount of the labeled antibody, and then the solid phase and the liquid phase are separated.
- Anti The original and an excess amount of the labeled antibody are allowed to react, then immobilized antigen is added, and the unreacted labeled antibody is allowed to bind to the solid phase, and then the solid phase and the liquid phase are separated.
- the amount of the label in either phase is measured to determine the amount of the antigen in the test solution.
- nephrometry the amount of insoluble sediment resulting from the antigen-antibody reaction in a gel or in a solution is measured. Even when the amount of antigen in the test solution is small and only a small amount of sediment is obtained, laser nephrometry utilizing scattering by a laser is preferably used.
- the polypeptide or the receptor of the present invention can be quantified with high sensitivity by using the antibody of the present invention.
- the concentration of the polypeptide or the receptor of the present invention is determined by quantifying the concentration of the polypeptide or the receptor of the present invention using the antibody of the present invention, a decrease in the concentration of the polypeptide or the receptor of the present invention is detected.
- Pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia, etc. bone Diseases such as metabolic disorders (eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc.), anemia (eg, iron deficiency anemia, etc.) can be diagnosed as being likely to be affected in the future.
- an increase in the concentration of the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention is detected, for example, upper gastrointestinal diseases [eg, peptic ulcers (eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomotic ulcer, Zollinger- Ellison syndrome, etc.), gastritis, reflux esophagitis, NUD (Non Ulcer Dyspepsia), gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, ulcer caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hyperacidic ulcer due to postoperative stress, etc. ] Or the likelihood of future disease is high.
- upper gastrointestinal diseases eg, peptic ulcers (eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomotic ulcer, Zollinger- Ellison syndrome, etc.), gastritis, reflux esophagitis, NUD (Non Ulcer Dyspepsia), gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, ulcer caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hyperacidic ulcer due to postoperative stress, etc
- the antibody of the present invention can be used for detecting the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention present in a subject such as a body fluid or a tissue.
- preparation of an antibody column used for purifying the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention, detection of the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention in each fraction at the time of purification, and detection of the present invention in test cells It can be used for analysis of polypeptide or receptor behavior.
- the DNA of the present invention can be used, for example, in humans or warm-blooded animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, egrets, birds, higgies, pigs, pigs, dogs, cats, dogs, monkeys). , Etc.), the abnormality (gene abnormality) of the DNA or mRNA encoding the polypeptide of the present invention can be detected, for example, damage, mutation or reduced expression of the DNA or mRNA, It is useful as a diagnostic agent for a gene such as an increase or an overexpression of the DNA or mRNA.
- warm-blooded animals e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, egrets, birds, higgies, pigs, pigs, dogs, cats, dogs, monkeys.
- the abnormality (gene abnormality) of the DNA or mRNA encoding the polypeptide of the present invention can be detected, for example, damage, mutation or reduced expression of the DNA or m
- the above-described genetic diagnosis using the DNA of the present invention includes, for example, known Northern hybridization and PCR-SSCP method (Genomics, Vol. 5, pp. 874-879 (1989)).
- dyspepsia eg, It is likely to be a disease such as pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia, bone metabolism disorders (eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc.), and anemia (eg, iron deficiency anemia, etc.) Or, it can be diagnosed that it is likely to be affected in the future.
- dyspepsia eg, It is likely to be a disease such as pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia, bone metabolism disorders (eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc.), and anemia (eg, iron deficiency anemia, etc.)
- anemia eg, iron deficiency anemia, etc.
- overexpression of the polypeptide of the present invention or the gene of the receptor is detected by Northern hybridization, for example, upper gastrointestinal diseases [eg, destructive ulcers (eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomosis) Head ulcer, Zol linger-El lison syndrome, etc.), gastritis, reflux esophagitis, NUD (Non Ulcer Dyspeps ia), gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, ulcer caused by non-steroidal inflammatory drugs, after surgery Such as stomach hyperacidity and ulcer due to stress], or the likelihood of future illness.
- upper gastrointestinal diseases eg, destructive ulcers (eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomosis) Head ulcer, Zol linger-El lison syndrome, etc.), gastritis, reflux esophagitis, NUD (Non Ulcer Dyspeps ia), gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, ulcer caused by non-steroidal
- the antisense DNA of the present invention is useful, for example, as a gastric acid secretion inhibitor, a mucosal protective agent, a mineral absorption enhancer, etc., for example, in upper gastrointestinal diseases (eg, peptic ulcers (eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomosis). Head ulcers, Zollinger-Emson syndrome, etc.), gastritis, reflux esophagitis, UD (Non Ulcer Dyspepsia), gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, ulcers caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Excess and ulcers etc.), and can be used as helicopter and pylori eradication agents.
- peptic ulcers eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomosis. Head ulcers, Zollinger-Emson syndrome, etc.
- gastritis eg., gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomosis
- the antisense DNA when used, the antisense DNA is used alone or after being inserted into an appropriate vector such as a retrovirus vector, an adenovirus vector, an adenovirus associated virus vector, and the like, and then used in a conventional manner. Therefore, it can be implemented.
- the antisense DNA may be used as it is or may be formulated with a physiologically acceptable carrier such as an adjuvant to promote ingestion, and administered using a gene gun or a force catheter such as Hyde-mouth gel power meter.
- the antisense DNA can also be used as a diagnostic oligonucleotide probe for examining the presence or expression of the DNA of the present invention in tissues or cells.
- the antibody of the present invention (eg, a neutralizing antibody having an action of neutralizing the polypeptide of the present invention) is useful, for example, as a gastric acid secretion inhibitor, a mucosal protective agent, a mineral absorption promoter, and the like.
- peptic ulcer e.g., gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomotic ulcer, Zollinger-El li son syndrome, etc.
- gastritis e.g., gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomotic ulcer, Zollinger-El li son syndrome, etc.
- NUD Non Ulcer Dyspeps ia
- gastric cancer stomach MALT lymphoma
- ulcers caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs hyperacidity and ulcers due to post-operative stress, etc.
- the agent for the above-mentioned diseases containing the antibody of the present invention can be used directly as a liquid preparation or as a pharmaceutical composition in an appropriate dosage form, in humans or mammals (eg, rats, puppies, sheep, bushes, pus, cats, Dogs, monkeys, etc.) can be administered orally or parenterally.
- the dose varies depending on the administration subject, target disease, symptoms, administration route and the like.For example, when used for the treatment of adult reflux esophagitis, a single dose of the antibody of the present invention is usually used.
- 0.01 to 20 mg / kg body weight preferably about 0.1 to 1 Omg / kg body weight, more preferably about 0.1 to 5 mg / kg body weight, about 1 to 5 times a day, preferably 1 day It is convenient to administer by intravenous injection about 3 times. In the case of other parenteral administration and oral administration, an equivalent dose can be administered. If the symptoms are particularly severe, the dose may be increased accordingly.
- the antibody of the present invention can be administered by itself or as a suitable pharmaceutical composition.
- the pharmaceutical composition used for the above administration contains the above or a salt thereof and a pharmacologically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
- Such compositions are provided in dosage forms suitable for oral or parenteral administration.
- compositions for oral administration include solid or liquid dosage forms, specifically tablets (including sugar-coated tablets and film-coated tablets), pills, granules, powders, capsules (soft capsules) ), Syrups, emulsions, suspensions and the like.
- Such a composition is produced by a known method and contains a carrier, diluent or excipient commonly used in the pharmaceutical field.
- a carrier for example, lactose, starch, sucrose, magnesium stearate and the like are used as carriers and excipients for disintegrants.
- compositions for parenteral administration include injections, suppositories, and the like.
- Injections include dosage forms such as intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, intradermal injection, intramuscular injection, and drip injection.
- Such injections are prepared according to known methods, for example, by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the antibody or a salt thereof in a sterile aqueous or oily liquid commonly used for injections.
- aqueous liquid for injection for example, physiological saline, isotonic solution containing glucose and other adjuvants and the like are used.
- suppository for rectal administration is prepared by mixing the above antibody or a salt thereof with a conventional suppository base.
- the above-mentioned oral or parenteral pharmaceutical composition is conveniently prepared in the form of a dosage unit so as to conform to the dosage of the active ingredient.
- dosage unit forms include tablets, pills, capsules, injections (ampoules), suppositories, etc., and usually 5 to 500 mg per dosage unit form, especially for injections. It is preferred that 5-100 mg, in other dosage forms, 10-250 mg of the above antibody is contained.
- compositions may contain another active ingredient as long as the composition does not cause an undesirable interaction with the above antibody.
- DNA transfer animal
- Non-human having a DNA encoding an exogenous polypeptide of the present invention (hereinafter abbreviated as the exogenous DNA of the present invention) or its mutant DNA (sometimes abbreviated as the exogenous mutant DNA of the present invention) Mammals are also used for screening for preventive and therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal diseases.
- the non-human mammal having the exogenous DNA of the present invention or its mutant DNA is a non-fertilized egg, a fertilized egg, a germ cell containing a sperm and its progenitor cells. And the like, preferably in the development of non-human mammals.
- the calcium phosphate method, electric pulse method, lipofection method, aggregation method, microinjection method, particle gun method, DEAE- It can be produced by transferring the desired DNA by the dextran method or the like.
- the target exogenous DNA of the present invention can be transferred to somatic cells, organs of living organisms, tissue cells, and the like, and used for cell culture, tissue culture, and the like.
- the DNA-transferred animal of the present invention can also be produced by fusing the cells with the above-mentioned germ cells by a known cell fusion method.
- non-human mammal for example, red sea lions, bushes, hidge, goats, blue herons, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, rats, and the like are used.
- a cross line a B 6 C 3 d line, a BDFi line, a B 6D 2 line, a BALB / c line, an ICR line, etc.
- a rat eg, Wistar, SD, etc.
- mammals humans and the like can be mentioned in addition to the above-mentioned non-human mammals.
- the exogenous DNA of the present invention refers not to the DNA of the present invention originally possessed by non-human mammals, but to the DNA of the present invention once isolated and extracted from the mammal.
- a DNA having a mutation (for example, mutation) in the base sequence of the original DNA of the present invention, specifically, addition or deletion of a base, substitution with another base, etc. DNA that has been used is used, and abnormal DNA is also included.
- the abnormal DNA means a DNA that expresses an abnormal polypeptide of the present invention, for example, a DNA that expresses a polypeptide that suppresses the function of a normal polypeptide of the present invention, or the like is used. .
- the exogenous DNA of the present invention may be derived from a mammal that is the same or different from the animal of interest.
- a mammal that is the same or different from the animal of interest.
- the human D of the present invention When transferring NA, it is possible to express DNA derived from various mammals having the DNA of the present invention having high homology with the DNA (eg, egret, dog, cat, guinea pig, hamster, rat, mouse, etc.).
- the DNA of the present invention is obtained by microinjecting a DNA construct (eg, a vector, etc.) to which the human DNA of the present invention is bound downstream of various promoters into a fertilized egg of a target mammal, for example, a mouse fertilized egg. Highly expressing DNA transgenic mammals can be created.
- a DNA construct eg, a vector, etc.
- Examples of the expression vector of the polypeptide of the present invention include plasmids derived from Escherichia coli, plasmids derived from Bacillus subtilis, plasmids derived from yeast, bacteriophages such as ⁇ phage, retroviruses such as Moroni monoleukemia virus, vaccinia virus, and baculovirus. Animal viruses such as viruses are used. Among them, a plasmid derived from Escherichia coli, a plasmid derived from Bacillus subtilis or a plasmid derived from yeast are preferably used.
- promoters that regulate the DNA expression include, for example, (a) DNA derived from viruses (eg, simian virus, cytomegalovirus, Moroni leukemia virus, JC virus, breast cancer virus, poliovirus, etc.). Promoters, (b) Promoters derived from various mammals (humans, egrets, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, Hamus Yuichi rat mice, etc.) For example, albumin, insulin II, Peropkin II, Eras Yuichize.
- viruses eg, simian virus, cytomegalovirus, Moroni leukemia virus, JC virus, breast cancer virus, poliovirus, etc.
- Promoters derived from various mammals (humans, egrets, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, Hamus Yuichi rat mice, etc.) For example, albumin, insulin II, Peropkin II, Eras Yuichize.
- VNP heavy chain variable region
- EF-1 ⁇ human polypeptide chain elongation factor 1
- the vector preferably has a sequence (generally called terminator) that terminates transcription of the target messenger RN ⁇ in a DNA-transferred mammal, and includes, for example, virus-derived and various mammalian-derived sequences.
- the sequence of each DNA can be used, and preferably, the simian virus SV40 or the like is used.
- the splicing signal of each DNA, the enhancer region, a part of the intron of eukaryotic DNA, etc. are added 5 'upstream of the promoter region, between the promoter region and the translation region to further express the target exogenous DNA.
- it can be linked to the downstream of the translation region, depending on the purpose.
- the normal translation region of the polypeptide of the present invention is DNA derived from the liver, kidney, thyroid cells, fibroblasts derived from humans or various mammals (eg, rabbit, cat guinea pig, hamus yuichi, rat mouse, etc.). It is also possible to obtain all or part of genomic DNA from various commercially available genomic DNA libraries, or complementary DNA prepared by known methods from RNA derived from liver, kidney, thyroid cells, and fibroblasts as a raw material. I can do it.
- an exogenous abnormal DNA can produce a translation region obtained by mutating the translation region of a normal polypeptide obtained from the above cells or tissues by a point mutagenesis method.
- the translation region can be produced as a DNA construct that can be expressed in a transgenic animal by a conventional DNA engineering technique in which the translation region is ligated downstream of the promoter and, if desired, upstream of the transcription termination site.
- Transfer of the exogenous DNA of the present invention at the fertilized egg cell stage is ensured to be present in all germ cells and somatic cells of the target mammal.
- the presence of the exogenous DNA of the present invention in the germinal cells of the transgenic animal after DNA transfer is not It means that all the germs and somatic cells carry the exogenous DNA of the present invention.
- the offspring of such animals that have inherited the exogenous DNA of the present invention have the exogenous DNA of the present invention in all of their germ cells and somatic cells.
- the non-human mammal to which the exogenous normal DNA of the present invention has been transferred is confirmed to stably maintain the exogenous DNA by mating, and is subcultured as an animal having the DNA in a normal breeding environment. I can do it.
- Transfer of the exogenous DNA of the present invention at the fertilized egg cell stage is ensured to be present in excess in all germ cells and somatic cells of the target mammal.
- Excessive presence of the exogenous DNA of the present invention in the germinal cells of the produced animal after DNA transfer indicates that all of the offspring of the produced animal contain the exogenous DNA of the present invention in all of its germ cells and somatic cells. Means to have.
- the progeny of this type of animal that has inherited the exogenous DNA of the present invention has an excess of the exogenous DNA of the present invention in all of its germ cells and somatic cells.
- the non-human mammal having the normal DNA of the present invention expresses the normal DNA of the present invention at a high level, and finally promotes the function of endogenous normal DNA to finally obtain the polypeptide of the present invention.
- Peptide hyperfunction may develop and can be used as a disease model animal. For example, using the normal DNA-transferred animal of the present invention to elucidate the functional progression of the polypeptide of the present invention and the pathological mechanism of the disease associated with the polypeptide of the present invention, and to treat these diseases A study of the method is possible.
- the mammal to which the exogenous normal DNA of the present invention has been transferred has an increased symptom of the released polypeptide of the present invention
- screening for a therapeutic drug for a disease associated with the polypeptide of the present invention can also be used for testing.
- the non-human mammal having the exogenous abnormal DNA of the present invention can be subcultured in a normal breeding environment as an animal having the DNA after confirming that the exogenous DNA is stably maintained by mating. .
- the desired foreign DNA can be incorporated into the above-mentioned plasmid and used as a raw material.
- D NA co with promoter The structure can be prepared by a usual DNA engineering technique. Transfer of the abnormal DNA of the present invention at the fertilized egg cell stage is ensured to be present in all germ cells and somatic cells of the target mammal.
- the presence of the abnormal DNA of the present invention in the germ cells of the produced animal after DNA transfer means that all the offspring of the produced animal have the abnormal DNA of the present invention in all of the germinal and somatic cells. .
- the offspring of such animals that inherit the exogenous DNA of the present invention have the abnormal DNA of the present invention in all of their germinal and somatic cells.
- a homozygous animal having the introduced DNA on both homologous chromosomes is obtained, and by crossing these male and female animals, it is possible to breed so that all offspring have the DNA.
- the non-human mammal having the abnormal DNA of the present invention has a high level of expression of the abnormal DNA of the present invention, and finally inhibits the function of the endogenous normal DNA, thereby finally obtaining the polymorph of the present invention.
- Peptide may become functionally inactive and may be used as a disease model animal. For example, using the abnormal DNA transgenic animal of the present invention, it is possible to elucidate the pathological mechanism of the function-inactive refractory of the polypeptide of the present invention and to examine a method for treating this disease.
- the animal with high expression of abnormal DNA of the present invention is characterized in that the function of normal polypeptide by abnormal polypeptide of the present invention in the function-inactive refractory disease of polypeptide of the present invention is A model for elucidating inhibition (dominant negative effect).
- the mammal to which the foreign abnormal DNA of the present invention has been transferred since the mammal to which the foreign abnormal DNA of the present invention has been transferred has an increased symptom of the released polypeptide of the present invention, it can be used for treatment of the polypeptide of the present invention or a functionally inactive refractory disease of the polypeptide of the present invention. It can also be used for drug screening tests.
- the DNA-transferred animal of the present invention it is possible to examine the clinical symptoms of diseases related to the polypeptide of the present invention, including the inactive type refractory type of the polypeptide of the present invention, and the like.
- diseases related to the polypeptide of the present invention including the inactive type refractory type of the polypeptide of the present invention, and the like.
- pathological findings in each organ of the disease model related to the polypeptide of the present invention can be obtained, and new therapeutic methods can be developed, and further, research and treatment of secondary diseases caused by the disease can be performed. Can contribute.
- the use of the DNA-transferred animal of the present invention to develop a therapeutic agent for a disease associated with the polypeptide of the present invention including refractory inactive type of the polypeptide of the present invention. It is possible to provide an effective and rapid screening method for a therapeutic agent for the disease by using the above-described test method and quantitative method. Further, using the DNA translocation product of the present invention or the exogenous DNA expression vector of the present invention, it is possible to examine and develop a method for treating a DNA associated with the polypeptide of the present invention. (8) Knockout animal
- non-human mammalian embryonic stem cells in which the DNA of the present invention is inactivated and the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention are also used for screening for a gastric acid secretion promoter and the like.
- the non-human mammalian embryonic stem cells in which the DNA of the present invention has been inactivated refers to the non-human mammalian embryonic stem cells.
- non-human mammal the same one as described above is used.
- Examples of the method of artificially mutating the DNA of the present invention include, for example, deleting some or all of the DNA sequence by genetic engineering techniques, and inserting or substituting another DNA. it can. With these mutations, the knockout DNA of the present invention may be prepared by, for example, shifting the codon reading frame or disrupting the function of the promoter or exon.
- non-human mammalian embryonic stem cells in which the DNA of the present invention is inactivated include, for example, The DNA of the present invention possessed by a non-human mammal to be used is isolated and its exon portion is a drug resistance gene typified by a neomycin resistance gene, a hygromycin resistance gene, or 1 ac Z (
- the DNA sequence on or near the DNA of the present invention used as a probe for Southern hybridization analysis or the DNA sequence on the targeting vector and the DNA in the neighboring region other than the DNA of the present invention used for the production of the targeting vector It can be obtained by analyzing a sequence by a PCR method using a primer as a primer and selecting a knockout ES cell of the present invention.
- the original ES cells for inactivating the DNA of the present invention by homologous recombination may be used, or a newly established one according to the known method of Evans and Kaufma may be used.
- an already established one as described above may be used, or a newly established one according to the known method of Evans and Kaufma may be used.
- 129 ES cells are generally used, but since the immunological background is not clear, a pure line that substitutes them and immunologically genetically for example an object such as a background to obtain a bright et kana ES cells, C 57BLZ6 mouse or C57 8/6 0 the lack of egg collection number:?
- blastocysts 3.5 days after fertilization are generally used, but in addition to this, a large number of cells can be efficiently collected by collecting embryos at the 8-cell stage and culturing them up to blastocysts. Early embryos can be obtained.
- male ES cells are generally more convenient for producing a germline chimera. It is also desirable to discriminate between males and females as soon as possible in order to reduce cumbersome culture labor.
- a method for determining the sex of ES cells a method of amplifying and detecting a gene in the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome by a PCR method can be given as an example. If this method was used, the number of ES cells required for a karyotype analysis would have been about 10 6 cells, whereas the number of ES cells in one colony (about 50 cells) would be sufficient.
- the primary selection of ES cells in the initial stage can be performed by gender discrimination, and the early selection of male cells can greatly reduce the labor required in the initial culture.
- the secondary selection can be performed, for example, by confirming the number of chromosomes by the G-banding method.
- the embryonic stem cell line obtained in this manner usually has very good growth properties, but it must be carefully subcultured because it tends to lose its ability to generate an individual.
- a suitable feeder cell such as STO fibroblasts
- a carbon dioxide incubator preferably 5% carbon dioxide, 95% air or 5% oxygen
- LIF 1 to 10,000 U / ml
- 5% CO 2, 90% air 5% CO 2, 90% air
- trypsin / EDTA solution usually 0.001-0.5% trypsin / 0.5%).
- ES cells can be cultured in monolayers up to high densities or in suspension cultures to form cell clusters under appropriate conditions to produce various types of cells such as parietal, visceral and cardiac muscles.
- DNA-deficient cell of the present invention obtained by differentiating the ES cell of the present invention is a polypeptide of the present invention or the present invention in vitro.
- the receptor of the invention is useful in cell biology studies.
- the non-human mammal deficient in DNA expression of the present invention can be distinguished from a normal animal by measuring the mRNA level of the animal using a known method and indirectly comparing the expression level. It is.
- non-human mammal the same one as described above is used.
- the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention can be prepared, for example, by introducing the targeting vector prepared as described above into a mouse embryonic stem cell or a mouse egg cell, and inducing the DNA of the targeting vector of the present invention to be inactive.
- the DNA of the present invention can be knocked out by subjecting the converted DNA sequence to homologous recombination to replace the DNA of the present invention on the chromosome of mouse embryonic stem cells or mouse egg cells by gene homologous recombination. Cells in which the DNA of the present invention was knocked out were subjected to Southern hybridization analysis or DNA hybridization using the DNA sequence on or near the DNA of the present invention as a probe, and the mouse used for the targeting vector.
- the cell line in which the DNA of the present invention has been inactivated ' is cloned by gene homologous recombination, and the cells are cultured at an appropriate time, for example, at the 8-cell stage.
- the chimeric embryo is injected into a human mammal embryo or blastocyst, and the resulting chimeric embryo is transplanted into the uterus of the pseudopregnant non-human mammal.
- the produced animal is a chimeric animal composed of both cells having the normal DNA locus of the present invention and cells having the artificially mutated DNA locus of the present invention.
- all tissues are artificially mutated from a population obtained by crossing such a quinula individual with a normal individual. It can be obtained by selecting individuals composed of cells having the DNA locus of the present invention added thereto, for example, by judging the color.
- the individual obtained in this manner is usually an individual lacking heterologous expression of the polypeptide of the present invention, and is bred with an individual lacking heterologous expression of the polypeptide of the present invention or the receptor of the present invention.
- homozygous individuals expressing the polypeptide of the present invention or the receptor of the present invention can be obtained from their offspring.
- a transgenic non-human mammal having a chromosome into which a gettering vector has been introduced can be obtained by injecting a DNA solution into the egg cell nucleus by a microinjection method. Compared to these transgenic non-human mammals, they can be obtained by selecting those having a mutation in the DNA locus of the present invention by homologous recombination of the gene.
- the germline can be obtained and maintained according to a conventional method. That is, by crossing male and female animals having the inactivated DNA, the inactivated DNA is A homozygous animal having both homologous chromosomes can be obtained. The obtained homozygous animal can be efficiently obtained by rearing the mother animal with one normal individual and one homozygote. By mating male and female heterozygous animals, homozygous and heterozygous animals having the inactivated DNA are bred and passaged.
- the non-human mammalian embryonic stem cells in which the DNA of the present invention is inactivated are extremely useful for producing the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention.
- the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention lacks various biological activities that can be induced by the polypeptide of the present invention or the receptor of the present invention. It can be used as a model for diseases caused by inactivation of the biological activity of the receptor, and is useful for investigating the causes of these diseases and studying treatment methods.
- the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention can be used for screening for a compound having a therapeutic / preventive effect against a disease caused by deficiency or damage of the DNA of the present invention.
- the present invention comprises administering a test compound to a non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention, and observing and measuring changes in the animal.
- a method for screening a compound or a salt thereof having a therapeutic / preventive effect on a disease caused by the disease is provided.
- Examples of the non-human mammal deficient in DNA expression of the present invention used in the screening method include those described above.
- Test compounds include, for example, peptides, proteins, non-peptidic compounds, synthetic compounds, fermentation products, cell extracts, plant extracts, animal tissue extracts, and plasma.These compounds are novel compounds. Or a known compound and may be fc.
- a non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention is treated with a test compound and compared with a non-treated control animal, and changes in organs, tissues, disease symptoms, etc. of the animal are indicated.
- the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of the test compound can be tested.
- a method for treating a test animal with a test compound for example, oral administration, intravenous injection and the like are used, and it can be appropriately selected according to the symptoms of the test animal, the properties of the test compound, and the like.
- the dose of the test compound can be appropriately selected according to the administration method, the properties of the test compound, and the like.
- the pylorus is ligated to a non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention, a test compound is administered, and changes in the gastric acid secretion of the animal are measured over time.
- the gastric acid secretion of the test animal increases by about 10% or more, preferably about 30% or more, more preferably about 50% or more.
- the compound can be selected as a compound having a preventive / therapeutic effect on the above-mentioned diseases.
- Compounds obtained by using the screening method are compounds selected from the test compounds described above, and have a therapeutic / preventive effect on diseases caused by deficiency or damage of the polypeptide of the present invention. It can be used as a medicament such as a safe and low-toxic preventive / therapeutic agent for the disease. Further, a compound derived from the compound obtained by the above-mentioned screening can be used in the same manner.
- the compound obtained by the screening method may form a salt.
- the salt of the compound include physiologically acceptable acids (eg, inorganic acids, organic acids, etc.) and bases (eg, Alkali metal And the like, among others, and a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt is particularly preferable.
- Such salts include, for example, salts with inorganic acids (eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, etc.), and organic acids (eg, acetic acid, formic acid, butyric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid) Acids, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, etc.) are used.
- inorganic acids eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
- organic acids eg, acetic acid, formic acid, butyric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid
- succinic acid tartaric acid
- citric acid malic acid
- succinic acid benzoic acid
- methanesulfonic acid benzenesulfonic acid, etc.
- a medicament containing the compound or a salt thereof obtained by the screening method can be produced in the same manner as the above-mentioned medicament containing the polypeptide of the present invention.
- the preparations obtained in this way are safe and low toxic, and can be used, for example, in humans or mammals (eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, egrets, sheep, sheep, bushus, dogs, dogs, cats, dogs). , Monkeys, etc.).
- the dose of the compound or a salt thereof varies depending on the target disease, the subject of administration, the administration route, and the like. About 0.1 to 100 mg, preferably about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably about 1.0 to 20 mg of the compound per day.
- the single dose of the compound varies depending on the administration subject, target disease, and the like.
- the compound that promotes the promoter activity of DNA of the present invention is usually administered in the form of an injection.
- the compound When administered to an adult (assuming a body weight of 60 kg) a patient with dyspepsia, the compound is administered in an amount of about 0.01 to 30 mg, preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 mg per day. Is conveniently administered by intravenous injection. In the case of other animals, the amount can be administered in terms of the weight per 60 kg.
- the present invention provides a non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention, which comprises administering a test compound to detect the expression of a repo overnight gene.
- a method for screening an inhibitory compound or a salt thereof is provided.
- the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention may be a non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention in which the DNA of the present invention has a repo allele gene.
- a gene which is inactivated by the introduction and which can express the reporter gene under the control of the promoter for the DNA of the present invention is used.
- test compound examples include the same compounds as described above.
- reporter gene As the reporter gene, the same ones as described above are used, and a 3 / 3-galactosidase gene (1 acZ), a soluble alkaline phosphatase gene, a luciferase gene and the like are preferable.
- the repo overnight gene is under the control of the promoter for the DNA of the present invention.
- the activity of the promoter can be detected.
- a tissue that originally expresses the polypeptide of the present invention may J3-galactosidase is expressed instead of the polypeptide of the present invention.
- the present method can be easily performed.
- a reagent that is a substrate of 3-galactosidase such as 5-promo-1-chloro-3-indolyl-3-galactopyranoside (X-ga1)
- X-ga1 5-promo-1-chloro-3-indolyl-3-galactopyranoside
- the polypeptide-deficient mouse of the present invention or a tissue section thereof is fixed with dartalaldehyde or the like, washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and then stained with -ga1 at room temperature or at room temperature.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the i3-galactosidase reaction may be stopped by washing the tissue specimen with an ImM EDTA / PBS solution, and the coloration may be observed.
- mRNA encoding 1 ac Z may be detected according to a conventional method.
- the compound or a salt thereof obtained by the above screening method is a compound selected from the test compounds described above and a compound that promotes or inhibits the promoter activity on DNA of the present invention.
- the compound obtained by the screening method may form a salt.
- the salt of the compound include physiologically acceptable acids (eg, inorganic acids) and bases (eg, organic acids). Are used, and physiologically acceptable acid addition salts are particularly preferred.
- such salts include salts with inorganic acids (eg, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, etc.), and organic acids (eg, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, Salts with succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, etc. are used.
- the compound or salt thereof that promotes the promoter activity over the DNA of the present invention can promote the expression of the polypeptide of the present invention and promote the function of the polypeptide. It can be used as an agent, for example, dyspepsia (eg, pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia, etc.), bone metabolism disorders (eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc.), anemia ( Eg, iron deficiency anemia). Further, the compound of the present invention or a salt thereof that inhibits the promoter activity against DNA can inhibit the expression of the polypeptide of the present invention and inhibit the function of the polypeptide.
- dyspepsia eg, pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia, etc.
- bone metabolism disorders eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc.
- anemia Eg, iron deficiency anemia
- Prophylactic and therapeutic agents for Helicobacter pylori can be used as a disinfectant for pylori.
- a compound derived from the compound obtained by the above screening can be used as well.
- a medicament containing the compound or a salt thereof obtained by the screening method can be produced in the same manner as the above-mentioned medicament containing the polypeptide of the present invention or a salt thereof.
- the preparations obtained in this way are safe and low toxic and can be used, for example, in humans or mammals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, egrets, sheep, sheep, bushus, dogs, dogs, cats, dogs). , Monkeys, etc.).
- the dose of the compound or a salt thereof varies depending on the target disease, the administration subject, the administration route, and the like.
- the compound of the present invention that promotes the promoter activity for DNA is orally administered, it is generally used.
- the compound In an adult patient (assuming a body weight of 60 kg), the compound is administered on a daily basis at about 0.1 to 100111, preferably at about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably at about 1.0 to 20 mg.
- the single dose of the compound varies depending on the administration subject, target disease, and the like.
- the compound that promotes the promoter activity for DNA of the present invention is usually administered in the form of an injection to an adult.
- the dose When administered to a patient (with a body weight of 60 kg), about 0.01 to 30 mg, preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 mg of the compound per day is intravenously injected. It is convenient to administer. In the case of other animals, the dose can be administered in terms of weight per 60 kg.
- a compound of the present invention that inhibits the promoter activity for DNA is orally administered, generally, in an adult (assuming a body weight of 60 kg) a patient, thus, the compound is administered in an amount of about 0.1 to 100 mg, preferably about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably about 1.0 to 20 mg.
- the single dose of the compound varies depending on the administration subject, target disease, and the like.
- the compound of the present invention that inhibits promoter activity against DNA may be in the form of an injection.
- the compound when administered to an adult patient (assuming a body weight of 60 kg), is administered in an amount of about 0.01 to 30 mg, preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 mg per day. Conveniently, it is administered by intravenous injection. In the case of other animals, the amount can be administered in terms of the weight per 60 kg.
- the non-human mammal deficient in expression of the DNA of the present invention is extremely useful for screening a compound or a salt thereof that promotes or inhibits the activity of the promoter of the present invention, The present invention can greatly contribute to investigating the cause of various diseases caused by insufficient expression of DNA or to developing preventive and therapeutic drugs.
- genes encoding various proteins are ligated downstream thereof, and the resulting gene is injected into an egg cell of a so-called transgenic animal (Creating a transgenic animal) makes it possible to specifically synthesize the polypeptide and examine its action in the living body. Furthermore, if a suitable repo overnight gene is bound to a portion of the above promoter and a cell line that expresses the gene is established, the production ability of the polypeptide itself of the present invention in the body can be specifically determined. It can be used as a search system for low molecular compounds that have an accelerating or inhibiting action.
- bases, amino acids, and the like are indicated by abbreviations based on the abbreviations by IUPAC-IUB Communication on Biochemical Nomenclature or conventional abbreviations in the field, and examples thereof are described below.
- optical isomer of an amino acid the L-form is indicated unless otherwise specified.
- B guanine (G), guanine (G) or thymine (T) D adenine (A), guanine (G) or thymine (T) V adenine (A), guanine (G) or cytosine (C) N adenine (A) , Guanine (G), cytosine (C) or thymine (T) or unknown or other base
- H is or H
- Trp or W tryptophan
- FIG. 1 shows the nucleotide sequence of DNA encoding a part of human GPR8 ligand peptide precursor.
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a part of the human GPR8 ligand peptide precursor.
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR8 ligand (1-29).
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR8 ligand (1-28).
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR8 ligand (1-26).
- 1 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR 8 ligand (1-25).
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a human GPR8 ligand peptide precursor.
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a GPR8 ligand peptide.
- FIG. 2 shows the nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the GPR8 ligand peptide precursor.
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a busbar GPR8 ligand peptide precursor.
- [SEQ ID NO: 24] 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a porcine GPR8 ligand peptide.
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of rat GPR8 ligand peptide precursor.
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of rat GPR8 ligand peptide.
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a rat GPR8 ligand peptide.
- FIG. 3 shows the sequence of cDNA encoding the mouse GPR8 ligand peptide precursor.
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of mouse GPR8 ligand peptide precursor.
- 1 shows the amino acid sequence of an oxidized synthetic human GPR 8 ligand (1-23).
- 1 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR 8 ligand (1-22). '
- 1 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR 8 ligand (1-20).
- 1 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR8 ligand (1-19).
- 1 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR 8 ligand (1-18).
- 1 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR8 ligand (1-17).
- 1 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR8 ligand (1-16).
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic rat or mouse GPR8 ligand (1-23) oxidized form.
- FIG. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic Fmoc-modified human GPR8 ligand (1-23).
- [SEQ ID NO: 52] 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR 8 ligand (2-23).
- Fig. 2 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR8 ligand (4-123).
- 1 shows the amino acid sequence of a synthetic human GPR 8 ligand (15-23).
- the nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 45 is shown.
- the nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 46 is shown.
- the nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 54 is shown.
- [Phe 2 ] shows the amino acid sequence of human GPR8 ligand (1-20).
- 1 shows the nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding rat TGR26.
- [SEQ ID NO: 80] 1 shows the nucleotide sequence encoding human GPR7.
- Starting amino acid resin carrier uses Wang (p-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol) resin (0.25 mmol), Fmoc-Leu, Fmoc-Gly, Fmoc-Ala, Fmoc-Arg (Pbf), Fraoc-VaK
- Fmoc- Thr (Bu '), Fmoc- His (Trt), Fmoc-Tyr (Bu l), Fmoc- Pro, Fmoc-Ser (Bu') Fmoc-Lys (Boc), Fraoc-Phe, Fmoc - T ⁇ ( The Fmoc amino acid derivative of Boc) was sequenced with HBTU (2- (1H-benzotriazo-1-1-yl) -1-1,1,3,3-tetramethylperonium hexafluorophosphate). And condensed sequentially.
- the protective peptide resin was dried. Deprotection of the resulting protected peptide and separation of the peptide from the resin carrier were performed by TFA treatment. The obtained crude peptide was extracted with 0.1% TFA water and freeze-dried to obtain a powder solid. Subsequently, the crude peptide was analyzed by reversed-phase high-speed chromatography (Shimadzu Corporation, preparative instrument: Model LC8A) to obtain acetonitrile-0.1% TFA water system.
- the amino acid analysis value of the hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing the purified product with 4N methanesulfonic acid containing 0.2% 3- (2-aminoamino) indole at 110 ° C for 22 hours (the theoretical value in parentheses is ) as below.
- [Hie 2 ] human GPR8 ligand ⁇ _20) (SEQ ID NO: 71) dissolved in DMSO IO I and obtained according to the production method described in Reference Example 1 was added to a 0.1 M nickel chloride aqueous solution IO K 0.1 MHEPES ( 10 1 of 0.001% hydrogen peroxide solution in water (pH 7.6), lactoperoxidase (Sigma) 10 g / ml in 0.1 MHEPES (pH 7.6), and 40 MBq of [ l25I ] NaI After mixing and reacting at room temperature for 50 minutes, the generated [Phe 2 , 125 I-Tyr 10 ] human GPR8 ligand (1-20) was separated by HPLC under the following conditions. I took it.
- ethyl rubamidate (Wako Pure Chemical) (1.0 g / ml / kg) was performed.
- the abdomen was fixed on a rat operating table.
- a gastric catheter (MedtopX2-50, outer diameter 3.5, inner diameter 2.lmm) was intubated (2 cm) into the stomach via the duodenum, the pyloric tube was ligated, the right femoral vein was released, and the vein was intubated.
- Gastric lavage was performed using distilled water (Otsuka Pharmaceutical) heated to 37 ° C and left for about 1 hour.
- hNPW23 was dissolved in physiological saline (Otsuka Pharmaceutical) to 80 iM. A saline was administered to the control group, and the treatment was performed in 8 cases in each group. The administration of hNPW23 and saline is performed by the Inphagyon Pump (Harvard Apparatus) at a flow rate of 1 ml / h for 30 minutes from the femoral vein. For the measurement, distilled water (1 ml) preheated to 37 ° C was injected into the stomach, and after 10 minutes, the stomach contents were collected.
- mice Male Wistar rats (340-360 g) were fasted for 16 hours under free drinking water, then opened under ether anesthesia, pyloric ligation was performed, and the abdominal wall was closed.
- hNPW23 was dissolved in physiological saline (2 mg / ral) and administered intraperitoneally (2 mg / kg).
- a saline was administered to the control group, and the treatment was performed in 8 cases in each group.
- the rat Three hours after pyloric ligation, the rat was laparotomized under anesthesia with Nembutal (40 mg / kg, Dainippon Pharmaceutical), and after ligation of the cardia, the stomach was removed.
- the gastric fluid is collected, centrifuged (2500 rqmX IO min), and the supernatant is used to determine the gastric fluid volume (ml), gastric pH, gastric acidity (mEQ / l) and total acid secretion (Eq / kg / h) was measured.
- the rat was laparotomized under Nembutal (40 mg / kg ip) anesthesia, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta, and the blood was placed in a 7 ml blood collection tube (containing Terumo and EDTA) and centrifuged (3000 rpm XIO min). The sample was stored frozen at -40 ° C until measurement. The blood gastrin concentration was measured using Gastrin RIA II (ABBOTT JAPAN). The F-test was performed using the average of each measurement.
- Nembutal 40 mg / kg ip
- the compound or its salt that inhibits the activity of the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention, the antibody of the present invention, and the antisense DNA of the present invention are low-toxic and safe, for example, gastric acid secretion inhibitor, mucosal protective agent, mineral absorption It is useful as an accelerator, etc., for example, upper gastrointestinal tract disease [eg, peptic ulcer (eg, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, anastomotic ulcer,
- the compound or its salt that promotes the activity of the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention, the polypeptide or receptor of the present invention, and the DNA of the present invention can be used, for example, as a gastric acid secretion promoter.
- Dyspepsia eg, pituitary dyspepsia, renal dyspepsia, etc.
- bone metabolism disorders eg, osteoporosis, osteomalacia etc.
- anemia eg, iron deficiency anemia, etc.
- the compound or its salt of the present invention which promotes the activity of the polypeptide or the receptor, the polypeptide or the receptor of the present invention, and the DNA of the present invention can be used as a gastric secretion test agent.
- polypeptide or receptor of the present invention and the DNA of the present invention are also useful for screening the above-mentioned prophylactic / therapeutic agents.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
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US10/548,817 US20070042947A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-11 | Agents for preventing and/or treating uppper digestive tract disorders |
EP04719631A EP1602380A4 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-11 | MEANS FOR THE PREVENTION / TREATMENT OF DISEASES IN THE UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT |
US12/214,938 US20090227501A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2008-06-24 | Agents for preventing and/or treating upper digestive tract disorders |
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JP2003-068963 | 2003-03-13 | ||
JP2003068963 | 2003-03-13 |
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US12/214,938 Division US20090227501A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2008-06-24 | Agents for preventing and/or treating upper digestive tract disorders |
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PCT/JP2004/003227 WO2004080485A1 (ja) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-11 | 上部消化管疾患の予防・治療剤 |
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US (2) | US20070042947A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1602380A4 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2004080485A1 (ja) |
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US7763716B2 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2010-07-27 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Antibody against NPW |
Citations (1)
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WO2001098494A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-27 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd | Ligand de gpr8 et son adn |
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EP1403281B1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2008-07-09 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Novel ligand and dna thereof |
AU2003218713A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-08 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Diagnostics and therapeutics for diseases associated with homo sapiens g - protein - coupled receptor 7 (gpr7) |
WO2003081234A2 (en) * | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-02 | Bayer Healthcare Ag | Diagnostics and therapeutics for diseases associated with homo sapiens g - protein - coupled receptor 8 (gpr8) |
US20060134109A1 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2006-06-22 | Nura Inc. | G protein coupled receptors and uses thereof |
EP1627888A4 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2007-04-18 | Takeda Pharmaceutical | ANTIBODY AND ITS USE |
-
2004
- 2004-03-11 JP JP2004068260A patent/JP2004292444A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-11 WO PCT/JP2004/003227 patent/WO2004080485A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-03-11 US US10/548,817 patent/US20070042947A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-11 EP EP04719631A patent/EP1602380A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
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- 2008-06-24 US US12/214,938 patent/US20090227501A1/en not_active Abandoned
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WO2001098494A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-12-27 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd | Ligand de gpr8 et son adn |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
BREZILLON S. ET AL: "Identification of natural ligands for the orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR7 and GPR8", J. BIOL CHEM, vol. 278, no. 2, 10 January 2003 (2003-01-10), pages 776 - 783, XP002247965 * |
See also references of EP1602380A4 * |
SHIMOMURA Y. ET AL: "Identification of neuropeptide W as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors GPR7 and GPR8", J. BIOL. CHEM., vol. 277, no. 39, 27 September 2002 (2002-09-27), pages 35826 - 35832, XP002961094 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7763716B2 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2010-07-27 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Antibody against NPW |
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EP1602380A4 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
US20090227501A1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
EP1602380A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
US20070042947A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
JP2004292444A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
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