WO2004075322A1 - 燃料電池用電極、燃料電池、およびこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池用電極、燃料電池、およびこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004075322A1 WO2004075322A1 PCT/JP2004/001795 JP2004001795W WO2004075322A1 WO 2004075322 A1 WO2004075322 A1 WO 2004075322A1 JP 2004001795 W JP2004001795 W JP 2004001795W WO 2004075322 A1 WO2004075322 A1 WO 2004075322A1
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- electrode
- metal sheet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8817—Treatment of supports before application of the catalytic active composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8853—Electrodeposition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8892—Impregnation or coating of the catalyst layer, e.g. by an ionomer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell electrode, a fuel cell, and a method for producing the same.
- a fuel cell is composed of a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode (hereinafter, also referred to as a “catalyst electrode”) and an electrolyte provided between the fuel electrode and the oxidant electrode.
- An oxidant is supplied to generate power by an electrochemical reaction.
- Hydrogen is generally used as a fuel, but in recent years, methanol has been reformed using methanol, which is inexpensive and easy to handle, as a raw material, and methanol has been reformed to produce hydrogen.
- the development of direct fuel cells for use is also being actively pursued.
- hydrogen ions can be obtained from an aqueous methanol solution, which eliminates the need for a reformer and the like, and has a great advantage in application to portable electronic devices.
- a liquid methanol aqueous solution as fuel, it has the characteristic of having an extremely high energy density.
- the catalyst electrode of a conventional fuel cell has a configuration in which a catalyst layer is provided on the surface of a gas diffusion layer made of a carbon material as a base material.
- a current collector such as an end plate is provided on both surfaces of the catalyst electrode-solid electrolyte membrane composite in which a solid electrolyte membrane is disposed between the catalyst electrodes.
- the current collecting member needs to have a certain thickness. It was difficult to reduce the size and weight.
- Patent Document 1 a technique has been proposed in which a foam metal made of nickel is used as the material of the gas diffusion layer instead of the carbon porous body.
- Patent Document 2 describes an electrochemical device using a metal fiber such as SUS, and specific examples thereof include a gas sensor, a purification device, an electrolytic layer, and a fuel cell.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-6-52889
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-2667555 Disclosure of the Invention
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for reducing the size and weight of a fuel cell. Another object of the present invention is to provide a technique for improving the output characteristics of a fuel cell. Another object of the present invention is to provide a technique for simplifying a fuel cell manufacturing process. You.
- an electrode for a fuel cell comprising: a porous metal sheet; a catalyst supported on the porous metal sheet; and a proton conductor provided in contact with the catalyst.
- an electrode for a fuel cell comprising a step of supporting a catalyst on a porous metal sheet.
- the catalyst was connected to the carbon material as the base material through carbon particles.
- the catalyst is directly supported on the surface of the metal constituting the porous metal sheet.
- the porous metal sheet does not need to have a uniform configuration.
- the composition of the metal constituting the metal fiber sheet may be different between the surface and the inside, and may have a conductive surface layer or the like.
- the catalyst is directly supported on the portion constituting the sheet.
- the catalyst is directly supported on the surface of the metal constituting the porous metal sheet; for example, when used as a fuel electrode, the catalyst and the electrolyte
- the electrons generated by the electrochemical reaction at the interface with the metal sheet are reliably and promptly moved to the porous metal sheet.
- electrons guided from the external circuit to the porous metal sheet are reliably and promptly guided to the bonded catalyst.
- the proton conductor is provided in contact with the catalyst, a movement path of protons generated on the catalyst surface is also ensured.
- the fuel cell electrode according to the present invention can efficiently use the electrons and protons generated by the electrochemical reaction, so that the output characteristics of the fuel cell can be improved.
- the porous metal sheet used in the fuel cell electrode according to the present invention has a higher conductivity than carbon materials used conventionally and has excellent current collecting characteristics, so that an end plate or the like is provided outside the electrode. Even if no current collecting member is provided, it is possible to reliably collect current. Therefore, the fuel cell can be made smaller, lighter, and thinner.
- the surface of a carbon material such as carbon paper that constitutes a conventional battery is hydrophobic. It was difficult to make the surface hydrophilic.
- the surface of the porous metal sheet used for the fuel cell electrode according to the present invention is more hydrophilic than the carbon material. Therefore, when a liquid fuel containing, for example, methanol is supplied to the fuel electrode, penetration of the liquid fuel into the fuel electrode is promoted more than the conventional electrode. For this reason, fuel supply efficiency can be improved.
- a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region can be easily provided in the electrode by performing a predetermined hydrophobic treatment on the porous metal sheet constituting the oxidant electrode. In this way, a water discharge path is secured at the oxidizer electrode, and flooding is suppressed. For this reason, it is possible to stably exhibit a clean output.
- a hydrophobic substance may be arranged in the voids of the porous metal sheet. By doing so, the discharge of moisture from the electrode is further promoted, and a gas passage is suitably secured. Therefore, for example, when the fuel cell electrode is used as the oxidizer electrode, water generated at the oxidizer electrode can be preferably discharged to the outside of the electrode.
- the hydrophobic substance may include a water-repellent resin.
- the method for producing an electrode for a fuel cell of the present invention may include a step of attaching a water-repellent resin to the voids of the porous metal sheet.
- a porous metal sheet and a catalyst supported on the porous metal sheet are provided, and the catalyst is supported on a roughened surface of a metal constituting the porous metal sheet.
- An electrode for a fuel cell is provided.
- the surface of the porous metal may be roughened by etching the porous metal sheet. This makes it possible to easily adjust the degree of surface roughening.
- the step of performing the etching may be a step of performing a chemical etching by dipping in an etching solution. Further, the step of performing the etching may be a step of performing electrolytic etching by dipping in an electrolytic solution.
- a method for supporting a catalyst is provided. Before the process, a step of roughening the surface of the metal constituting the porous metal sheet may be included.
- the surface of the metal constituting the porous metal sheet is roughened, the surface area capable of supporting the catalyst can be increased. For this reason, a sufficient amount of the catalyst can be directly supported on the porous metal sheet without using a member for securing the surface area such as carbon particles. Thus, electrode characteristics can be improved.
- an electrode for a fuel cell comprising: a porous metal sheet; and a catalyst supported on the porous metal sheet, wherein the porous metal sheet is a metal fiber sheet. Is done.
- the metal fiber sheet refers to a sheet in which one or more metal fibers are formed into a sheet. It may be composed of one kind of metal fiber, or may contain two or more kinds of metal fibers.
- the catalyst can be supported on the surface of each single fiber constituting the metal fiber sheet. For this reason, a sufficiently large amount of supported catalyst can be ensured. Also, the conductivity of the electrode substrate and the movement path of hydrogen ions are suitably secured. In addition, since the metal fiber sheet has a relatively high porosity, the weight of the electrode can be reduced. Note that the catalyst may be fixed to the metal fibers by a proton conductor. Further, the surface of the metal fiber may be plated.
- the fuel cell electrode of the present invention may further include a proton conductor provided in contact with the catalyst.
- the method for producing a fuel cell electrode of the present invention may include a step of attaching a proton conductor to the surface of the catalyst. By doing so, a so-called three-phase interface between the catalyst, the fuel, and the electrolyte can be reliably and sufficiently formed. In addition, a migration path of protons generated on the catalyst surface is suitably secured. Therefore, the electrode has excellent electrode characteristics as an electrode for a fuel cell, and the output characteristics of the fuel cell can be improved.
- the catalyst is a metal constituting a porous metal sheet. It may be formed in a layer on the surface of a genus. If the porous metal sheet is formed in a layer, the contact between the porous metal sheet and the catalyst occurs because the porous metal sheet and the catalyst come into surface contact with each other, for example, compared to the point contact mode when a particulate catalyst is supported. The area increases. For this reason, the movement path of the electrons can be more reliably ensured.
- a plating layer of a catalyst may be formed on the surface of the metal constituting the porous metal sheet.
- the step of supporting the catalyst may include a step of plating the porous metal sheet.
- the desired catalyst can be easily and reliably supported on the surface of the porous metal sheet.
- the catalyst may substantially cover the porous metal sheet.
- the step of roughening the surface of the metal may include a step of etching the porous metal sheet. This makes it possible to easily adjust the degree of surface roughening.
- the step of performing the etching may include a step of chemically immersing the porous metal sheet in an etchant to perform the etching.
- the above-described step of performing the etching may include a step of immersing the porous metal sheet in an electrolytic solution and performing the electrolytic etching.
- the catalyst comprises Pt, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag , In, Sn, Sb, W, Au, Pb, and Bi may be a metal, an alloy, or an oxide thereof including at least one of them.
- the notation process consists of Pt, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, S
- the method may include a step of supporting a metal, an alloy, or an oxide thereof containing at least one of b, W, Au, Pb, and Bi.
- a flattening layer having proton conductivity may be provided on at least one surface of the porous metal sheet.
- the method for producing an electrode for a fuel cell according to the present invention may include a step of forming a flattening layer on at least one surface of the porous metal sheet.
- a fuel electrode an oxidizer electrode, and a solid electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode, wherein the fuel electrode or the oxidizer electrode is a fuel cell electrode.
- a fuel cell is provided.
- a step of obtaining a fuel cell electrode by the above-described method for producing a fuel cell electrode and a step of contacting the solid electrolyte membrane and the fuel cell electrode with the solid electrolyte membrane and the fuel cell electrode And a step of bonding the solid electrolyte membrane and the fuel cell electrode by pressure bonding the electrode and the fuel cell electrode.
- the fuel cell of the present invention uses the fuel cell electrode, it has excellent catalyst use efficiency and current collection efficiency, and can stably exhibit high output.
- an electrode having a catalyst directly bonded to the surface of the porous metal sheet is used, efficient current collection is possible without providing a current collecting member such as an end plate outside the electrode.
- the configuration and the manufacturing process can be simplified, and the fuel cell can be made thinner, smaller and lighter. Further, since a step of supporting a catalyst on carbon particles is not required, a fuel cell can be manufactured more easily.
- the fuel cell of the present invention is made of a material such as a packaging material which does not hinder miniaturization. If so, it can be used as appropriate.
- the fuel cell electrode may constitute a fuel electrode, and the fuel may be supplied directly to the surface of the fuel cell electrode.
- a specific configuration in which fuel is directly supplied is, for example, a configuration in which a fuel container or a fuel supply unit is provided in contact with a porous metal sheet of the fuel electrode. It means that fuel is supplied without passing through the electric member.
- the porous metal sheet has a plate shape, a through hole, a stripe-shaped introduction path, or the like may be appropriately provided on the surface. By doing so, the fuel can be more efficiently supplied from the surface of the porous metal sheet to the entire electrode.
- the fuel cell electrode may constitute an oxidant electrode, and the oxidant may be supplied directly to the surface of the fuel cell electrode.
- the term "direct supply of the oxidizing agent” means that the oxidizing agent such as air or oxygen is directly supplied to the surface of the oxidizing electrode without passing through an end plate or the like.
- a plurality of fuel cells of the present invention may be combined in series or in parallel to form an assembled battery or a stack structure. This makes it possible to reduce the size and weight of the assembled battery and the stack structure, and to stably exhibit high output.
- a fuel cell can be reduced in size and weight by supporting a catalyst on a porous metal and providing a proton conductor in contact with a catalyst. Further, according to the present invention, the output characteristics of the fuel cell can be improved. Further, according to the present invention, the fuel cell manufacturing process can be simplified.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the fuel cell according to the present embodiment. You.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the fuel electrode and the solid electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a fuel electrode and a solid electrolyte membrane of a conventional fuel cell.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a fuel electrode and a solid electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the fuel cell 100 in the present embodiment.
- the single cell structure 101 includes a fuel electrode 102, an oxidant electrode 108, and a solid electrolyte membrane 114.
- the fuel electrode 102 and the oxidant electrode 108 are also referred to as a catalyst electrode.
- Fuel 124 is supplied to the fuel electrode 102 via the fuel container 425.
- the oxidizer electrode 108 the exposed portion of the single cell structure 101 is covered with a seal 429, but a hole is provided to supply the oxidizer 126.
- the oxygen in the air is supplied as oxidant 126.
- One end of the fuel electrode 102 and the oxidant electrode 108 project from the solid electrolyte membrane 114 to form a current collector 487, and the power generated by the fuel cell 100 is collected. It is taken out of the electrical part 487.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the fuel electrode 102 and the solid electrolyte membrane 114 of the fuel cell shown in FIG.
- the anode 102 has a structure in which the metal constituting the porous metal sheet 489 as the base material has an uneven surface, and the surface is covered with the catalyst 491 .
- the solid electrolyte membrane 114 is heated by a layer of the catalyst 491, which is supported by plating or the like on the surface of the porous metal sheet 489 roughened by etching or the like. Joined by crimping. As a result, the solid polymer electrolyte particles 150 Attached to medium 49 1 layer.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a fuel electrode of a conventional fuel cell.
- a sheet made of a carbon material is used as a substrate 104, and a catalyst layer composed of solid polymer electrolyte particles 150 and catalyst-supporting carbon particles 140 is formed on the surface of the sheet.
- a porous metal sheet 489 is used as a base material of the fuel electrode 102. Since the porous metal sheet 489 has excellent conductivity, it is not necessary to provide a current collecting member such as a metal plate outside the electrodes in the fuel cell 100. On the other hand, in FIG. 3, since a carbon material is used for the substrate 104, a current collecting member is required.
- a current collecting member is required.
- the porous metal sheet 489 is used as the base material of the fuel electrode 102 or the oxidizer electrode 108, the current is directly collected without providing a current collecting member outside the porous metal sheet 489. It is possible to do. For this reason, it becomes possible to make the unit cell structure 101 lightweight and thin.
- the direct contact medium 491 is carried on the surface of the metal constituting the porous metal sheet 489. Since the surface of the metal constituting the porous metal sheet 489 has a fine uneven structure, a surface area for supporting a sufficient amount of the catalyst 491 is secured. Therefore, it is possible to support the catalyst 491 in the same degree as when the catalyst-supporting carbon particles 140 are used as shown in FIG. Note that the porous metal sheet 489 may be subjected to a water-repellent treatment.
- the electrochemical reaction at the fuel electrode 102 occurs at the interface between the catalyst 491 and the solid polymer electrolyte particles] : 50 and the porous metal sheet 489, so-called three-phase interface, It is important to secure a three-phase interface.
- the porous metal sheet 4 In Figure 2, the porous metal sheet 4
- the contact resistance between the catalyst-supporting carbon particles 140 and the substrate 104 was larger than the contact resistance between the catalyst 491 and the porous metal sheet 489. It can be said that the configuration described above more suitably secures the electron movement path.
- the fuel 124 is directly supplied from the entire surface of the fuel electrode 102, so that the supply efficiency of the fuel 124 is excellent and the efficiency of the catalytic reaction can be improved. . Further, since no contact resistance occurs at the interface between the electrode base material and the current collecting member, an increase in internal resistance can be suppressed, and excellent output characteristics can be exhibited.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another configuration of the fuel electrode 102 and the solid electrolyte membrane 114.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration in which a flattening layer 493 is provided on the surface of the porous metal sheet 489 in the configuration of FIG. By providing the flattening layer 493, the adhesion between the solid electrolyte membrane 114 and the porous metal sheet 489 is improved.
- the porous metal sheet 489 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal sheet having holes formed on both sides for allowing the passage of fuel, oxidant, or hydrogen ions. It is possible to use sheets of various shapes and thicknesses. For example, a porous metal sheet can be used. Further, a metal fiber sheet may be used. A metal fiber sheet is a sheet of one or more metal fibers There is no particular limitation as long as it is formed into a non-woven sheet, and a non-woven sheet or woven fabric of metal fibers can be used.
- the metal fiber sheet may be composed of one type of metal fiber, or may include two or more types of metal fibers.
- the diameter of the metal fiber can be, for example, 10 m or more and 100 im or less.
- the surface of the metal constituting the porous metal sheet 489 has an uneven structure, for example, by a roughening treatment. By doing so, the surface area supporting the catalyst can be increased.
- the void width of the porous metal sheet 4889 can be, for example, 10 ⁇ 1! 1 or more and 5 111111 or less. In this way, good diffusion of good fuel liquid and good fuel gas can be maintained.
- the porosity of the porous metal sheet 489 can be, for example, not less than 10% and not more than 70%. By setting the content to 10% or more, it is possible to maintain good diffusion of the fuel liquid and the fuel gas. Further, by setting the content to 70% or less, a good current collecting action can be maintained. Further, the porosity can be, for example, 30% or more and 60% or less. In this case, it is possible to maintain a better diffusion of the fuel liquid and the fuel gas, and to maintain a good current collecting action.
- the porosity is the ratio of the porosity to the total volume.
- the porosity of the porous metal sheet 489 can be calculated, for example, from the weight, the volume, and the specific gravity of the metal constituting the porous metal sheet 489. Also, it can be determined by the mercury intrusion method.
- the thickness of the porous metal sheet 489 can be, for example, 1 mm or less. When the thickness is 1 mm or less, the single cell structure 101 can be suitably reduced in thickness and weight. Further, when the thickness is 0.5 mm or less, the size and weight can be further reduced, and the device can be more suitably used for portable devices. For example, the thickness can be set to 0.1 mm or less.
- Materials for the porous metal sheet 489 include, for example, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Au, Ag , Cu, or? It can include one or more elements selected from the group consisting of t. All of these elements have good conductivity. Among them, it is preferable to include an element selected from Au, Ag, and Cu, because the specific electric resistance of the porous metal sheet 489 can be reduced. Further, when the current collector contains an element selected from Au, Ag, and Pt, the metal constituting the porous metal sheet 489 can be a metal having a higher oxidation-reduction potential. By doing so, even if a part of the porous metal sheet 489 is exposed without being covered with the catalyst 491, the corrosion resistance of the porous metal sheet 489 can be improved.
- the porous metal sheet 489 has the above-described characteristics, the above-mentioned sheet can serve both as a gas diffusion electrode and a current collecting electrode.
- the porous metal sheet 489 used for the fuel electrode 102 and the oxidizer electrode 108 may be made of the same material or different materials.
- the catalyst 49 1 of the anode 102 is, for example, Pt, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, In, Sn , Sb, W, Au, Pb, and Bi containing at least one of metals, alloys, and oxides thereof.
- Pt is particularly preferably used.
- the catalyst (not shown) for the oxidizer electrode 108 the same catalyst as the catalyst 491 can be used, and the above-mentioned exemplified substances can be used. Among them, a Pt-Ru alloy is particularly preferably used.
- the catalyst 491 may be supported on the porous metal sheet 489.
- the current collector 487 may be entirely or partially covered. Porous as shown in Figure 2 It is preferable that the entire surface of the metal sheet 489 is covered because the corrosion of the porous metal sheet 489 is suppressed.
- the thickness of the catalyst 491 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less. Can be.
- the solid polymer electrolyte which is a material of the solid polymer electrolyte particles 150, electrically connects the catalyst-supporting carbon particles to the solid electrolyte membrane 114 on the catalyst electrode surface, and forms an organic material on the catalyst surface. It has the role of allowing liquid fuel to reach, proton conductivity is required, and the fuel electrode 102 is required to be permeable to organic liquid fuel such as methanol, and the oxidant electrode 108 is required to Oxygen permeability is required. In order to satisfy such requirements, a material having excellent proton conductivity and organic liquid fuel permeability such as methanol is preferably used as the solid polymer electrolyte.
- an organic polymer having a polar group such as a strong acid group such as a sulfone group or a phosphoric acid group or a weak acid group such as a sulfoxyl group is preferably used.
- a fluorine-containing polymer having a fluororesin skeleton and a protonic acid group can be used. It is also possible to use polyether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyether ether sulfone, polysulfone, polysulfide, polyphenylene, polyphenylene oxide, polystyrene, polyimide, polybenzoimidazole, polyamide, or the like. it can. From the viewpoint of reducing the crossover of liquid fuel such as methanol, a hydrocarbon-based material containing no fluorine can be used as the polymer. Further, a polymer containing an aromatic compound may be used as the base polymer.
- Amine-substituted polystyrene such as polybenzoimidazole derivative, polybenzoxazole derivative, cross-linked polyethyleneimine, polysilamine derivative, polydimethylaminoethyl styrene, nitrogen-substituted polyacrylate such as polydimethylaminoethyl methyl acrylate, etc.
- Resins having a nitrogen or hydroxyl group silanol-containing polysiloxane, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate Representative hydroxyl group-containing polyacrylic resin;
- Hydroxyl-containing polystyrene resin represented by poly (P-hydroxystyrene);
- Etc. can also be used.
- a crosslinkable substituent for example, a vinyl group, an epoxy group, an acrylic group, a methyl acryl group, a cinnamoyl group, a methylol group, an azide group, or a naphthoquinone diazide group may be appropriately introduced into the polymer exemplified above. You can also use the one that was done. Further, those in which these substituents are crosslinked can also be used. Specifically, as the first solid polymer electrolyte 150 or the second solid polymer electrolyte 151, for example,
- Aromatic-containing polymers such as sulfonated poly (4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene) and alkylsulfonated polybenzoimidazole;
- Sulfonic acid group-containing perfluorocarbon Naphion (registered trademark, manufactured by DuPont), Aciplex (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), etc.);
- Copolymers such as polystyrene sulfonic acid copolymers, polyvinyl sulfonic acid copolymers, cross-linked alkyl sulfonic acid derivatives, fluorine-containing polymers composed of a fluororesin skeleton and sulfonic acid;
- Acrylamide A copolymer obtained by copolymerizing acrylamides such as 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and acrylates such as n-butyl methacrylate;
- Etc. can be used. Also, aromatic polyetheretherketone or aromatic polyetherketone can be used.
- perfluorocarbon containing sulfone groups Naphion (registered trademark, manufactured by DuPont), Aciplex (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), etc.), perfluorocarbon containing carboxyl groups (Flemion, etc.) (Registered trademark) S film (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) or the like is preferably used.
- the above-mentioned solid polymer electrolytes in the fuel electrode 102 and the oxidizer electrode 108 may be the same or different.
- the solid electrolyte membrane 114 has a role of separating the fuel electrode 102 and the oxidant electrode 108 and of transferring hydrogen ions between the two. Therefore, the solid electrolyte membrane 114 is preferably a membrane having high proton conductivity. Further, it is preferable that it is chemically stable and has high mechanical strength.
- a material constituting the solid electrolyte membrane 114 for example, a material containing a protonic acid group such as a sulfonic acid group, a sulfoalkyl group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphon group, a phosphine group, a lipoxyl group, and a sulfonimide group is used.
- a material containing a protonic acid group such as a sulfonic acid group, a sulfoalkyl group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphon group, a phosphine group, a lipoxyl group, and a sulfonimide group is used.
- the polymer of the substrate to which such a proton acid group is bonded include polyether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyether ether sulfone, polysulfone, polysulfide, polyphenylene, polyphenylene oxide
- Polybenzimidazole, polyamide and the like can be used.
- fluorine is used as the polymer. It is possible to use a hydrocarbon-based film that does not contain any hydrocarbon.
- a polymer containing an aromatic compound can be used as the polymer of the base.
- Nitrogen such as nitrogen-substituted polyacrylates such as amine-substituted polystyrene such as polybenzoimidazole derivative, polybenzoxazole derivative, cross-linked polyethylenimine, polysilamine derivative, polydiethylaminoethyl styrene, and polydiethylaminoethyl methacrylate Or a hydroxyl-containing resin; a hydroxyl-containing polyacrylic resin represented by silanol-containing polysiloxane and polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate;
- Hydroxyl-containing polystyrene resin represented by poly (P-hydroxystyrene);
- Etc. can also be used.
- a crosslinkable substituent such as a vinyl group, an epoxy group, an acrylic group, a methyl acryl group, a cinnamoyl group, a methylol group, an azide group, or a naphthoquinone diazide group is appropriately introduced into the above-described polymer. You can also use one that has been done. Further, those in which these substituents are crosslinked can also be used. Specifically, as the solid electrolyte membrane 114, for example,
- Aromatic-containing polymers such as sulfonated poly (4-phenoxybenzoyl 1,4-phenylene) and alkylsulfonated polybenzoimidazole;
- Sulfonic acid group-containing perfluorocarbon Naphion (registered trademark, manufactured by DuPont), Aciplex (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), etc.);
- Carboxyl group-containing perfluorocarbon (Flemion (registered trademark) S film (made by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), etc.);
- Copolymers such as polystyrene sulfonic acid copolymers, polyvinyl sulfonic acid copolymers, cross-linked alkyl sulfonic acid derivatives, fluorine-containing polymers composed of a fluororesin skeleton and sulfonic acid;
- Etc. can be used. Also, aromatic polyetheretherketone or aromatic polyetherketone can be used.
- the solid electrolyte membrane 114 and the first solid polymer electrolyte 150 or the second solid polymer electrolyte it is preferable to use a material having low permeability for organic liquid fuel.
- a material having low permeability for organic liquid fuel it is preferable to use an aromatic condensed polymer such as sulfonated poly (4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene) and alkylsulfonated polybenzoimidazole.
- the solid electrolyte membrane 114 and the second solid polymer electrolyte 151 have, for example, a swelling property of 50% or less, more preferably 20% or less (70 vol% Me ⁇ H (Swelling property to aqueous solution). By doing so, particularly good interfacial adhesion and proton conductivity can be obtained.
- the flattening layer 493 When the flattening layer 493 is formed on the surface of the porous metal sheet 489, the flattening layer 493 can be a proton conductor. By doing so, a hydrogen ion transfer path is suitably formed between the solid electrolyte membrane 114 and the catalyst electrode. It is.
- the material of the flattening layer 493 is selected, for example, from the materials used for the solid electrolyte or the solid electrolyte membrane 114.
- the fuel 124 used in the present embodiment for example, hydrogen can be used.
- reformed hydrogen using natural gas, naphtha, or the like as a fuel source can be used.
- a liquid fuel such as methanol can be supplied directly.
- the oxidizing agent 126 for example, oxygen, air, or the like can be used.
- the fuel can be supplied from a fuel container 425 bonded to the fuel electrode 102 as shown in FIG. 1, for example.
- Fuel 124 is supplied from a hole provided on the surface of the fuel container 425 in contact with the porous metal sheet 489.
- a fuel supply port (not shown) may be provided in the fuel container 4 25 to inject the fuel 124 as needed.
- the fuel 124 may be stored in the fuel container 425, or may be transported to the fuel container 425 as needed. That is, the method of supplying the fuel 124 is not limited to the method using the fuel container 425, and may be appropriately selected such as a method of providing a fuel supply channel. For example, a configuration in which the fuel is transported from the fuel cartridge to the fuel container 425 may be adopted.
- the method for producing the fuel cell electrode and the fuel cell of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but can be produced, for example, as follows.
- the metal fiber sheet When a metal fiber sheet is used as the porous metal sheet 489, the metal fiber sheet can be obtained by compression molding metal fibers and, if necessary, by compression sintering.
- etching such as electrochemical etching or chemical etching can be used.
- Electrochemical etching using anodic polarization or the like can be performed as the electrochemical etching.
- the porous metal sheet 489 is immersed in the electrolytic solution, and a DC voltage of, for example, about 1 V to 10 V is applied.
- Electrolyte includes, for example, salt
- An acidic solution such as an acid, sulfuric acid, supersaturated oxalic acid, or a mixed solution of chromic phosphoric acid can be used.
- a porous metal sheet 4889 is immersed in a corrosive solution containing an oxidizing agent.
- a corrosive liquid for example, nitric acid, alcoholic nitrate solution (nital), alcoholic picrate (picryl), ferric chloride solution, and the like are used.
- the metal that becomes the catalyst 491 is supported on the porous metal sheet 489 having the metal fibers with the uneven structure formed on the surface.
- a method for supporting the catalyst 49 for example, a plating method such as electroplating and electroless plating, and a vapor deposition method such as vacuum vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be used.
- the porous metal sheet 489 When performing electroplating, the porous metal sheet 489 is immersed in an aqueous solution containing the target catalyst metal ion, and a DC voltage of, for example, about 1 V to 10 V is applied.
- a DC voltage of, for example, about 1 V to 10 V is applied.
- the plating can be performed at a current density of 0.5 to 2 AZ dm 2 .
- plating can be performed at a desired ratio by adjusting the voltage in a concentration region in which one of the metals is diffusion-controlled.
- a reducing agent such as sodium hypophosphite sodium borohydride is added as a reducing agent to an aqueous solution containing ions of the target catalytic metal, for example, Ni, Co, and Cu ions. Then, a porous metal sheet 489 is immersed therein and heated to about 90 ° C. to about 100 ° C.
- the fuel electrode 102 and the oxidizer electrode 108 are obtained.
- a hydrophobic substance may be attached to the voids of the porous metal sheet 489 to form a hydrophobic region.
- a water-repellent treatment may be performed.
- the surface of the hydrophilic catalyst 491 or the porous metal sheet 489 coexists with the surface of the water-repellent, and a discharge path of water in the catalyst electrode is appropriately secured. Therefore, for example, water generated at the oxidizing agent electrode 108 can be preferably discharged to the outside of the electrode.
- the water repellent treatment is performed, for example, on the fuel cell 100 at the oxidant electrode 108. It can be applied to the outside surface.
- Examples of the method of water-repellent treatment of the porous metal sheet 489 include polyethylene, paraffin, polydimethylsiloxane, PTFE, tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), and fluorinated polyethylene propylene (FEP).
- the substrate is immersed or contacted with a solution or suspension of a hydrophobic substance such as poly (perfluorooctylethyl acrylate) (FMA) or polyphosphazene, and the water-repellent resin adheres to the pores Can be used.
- a hydrophobic substance such as poly (perfluorooctylethyl acrylate) (FMA) or polyphosphazene
- PTFE tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer
- FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene
- FMA poly (perfluorooctylethyl acrylate)
- polyphospha By using a highly water-repellent substance such as zen, a hydrophobic region can be suitably formed.
- hydrophobic substances such as PTFE, PFA, FEP, pitch fluoride, and polyphosphazene can be pulverized and suspended in a solvent and applied.
- the coating liquid may be a mixed suspension of a hydrophobic substance and a conductive substance such as metal or carbon.
- the coating liquid may be prepared by pulverizing a conductive fiber having water repellency, for example, Dollymaron (registered trademark of Nissen Corporation) and suspending the same in a solvent. As described above, by using a conductive and water-repellent substance, the battery output can be further increased.
- a conductive substance such as metal or carbon may be pulverized, and the substance coated with the above-mentioned hydrophobic substance may be suspended and applied.
- the application method is not particularly limited, and for example, methods such as brush coating, spray application, and screen printing can be used.
- a hydrophobic region can be formed in a part of the porous metal sheet 489. Further, if the coating is performed only on one surface of the porous metal sheet 489, a porous metal sheet 489 having a hydrophilic surface and a hydrophobic surface can be obtained.
- a hydrophobic group may be introduced into the surface of the porous metal sheet 489 or the catalyst 491 by a plasma method.
- the thickness of the hydrophobic part can be adjusted to the desired value.
- the thickness can be adjusted.
- CF 4 plasma treatment can be performed on the surface of the porous metal sheet 489 or the catalyst 491.
- the solid electrolyte membrane 114 can be manufactured by employing an appropriate method according to a material to be used.
- a material to be used For example, when the solid electrolyte membrane 114 is composed of an organic polymer material, it is obtained by casting a liquid obtained by dissolving or dispersing the organic polymer material in a solvent on a peelable sheet such as polytetrafluoroethylene and drying. be able to.
- the solid polymer electrolyte is attached to the surface of the catalyst 49 1 by, for example, immersing the obtained solid electrolyte membrane 114 in a solid polymer electrolyte solution, the fuel electrode 102 and the oxidizer electrode 1 Then, hot pressing is performed to obtain a catalyst electrode-solid electrolyte membrane assembly. At this time, the surface of the fuel electrode 102 and the surface of the oxidizer electrode 108 were secured in order to secure the adhesion between both electrodes and the solid electrolyte membrane 114 and to secure the hydrogen ion transfer path at the catalyst electrode. It is preferable to provide a solid polymer electrolyte layer on the surface to flatten the surface.
- the conditions for hot pressing are selected according to the material.
- the solid electrolyte membrane 114 or the solid polymer electrolyte on the catalyst electrode surface is composed of an organic polymer having a softening point or a glass transition, these polymers are used. Temperature higher than the softening temperature or the glass transition temperature. Specifically, for example, temperature 1 0 0 ° C over 2 5 0 ° C or less, the pressure 1 kg / cm 2 or more 1 0 0 kg Z cm 2 or less, and 3 0 0 seconds or more time 1 00 seconds.
- the obtained catalyst electrode-solid electrolyte membrane assembly has a single cell structure 101 of FIG.
- the single-cell structure 101 uses the porous metal sheet 489, the internal resistance of the fuel cell is reduced and excellent output characteristics can be exhibited.
- a fuel container 425 is joined to the fuel electrode 102 of the obtained single cell structure 101, and a seal 429 is provided on an exposed portion of the single cell structure 101.
- the fuel electrode 102 and the fuel container 425 may be bonded to each other using an adhesive having resistance to the fuel 124.
- Porous metal sheet as base material for fuel electrode 102 By using 4 89, a current collecting member such as an end plate is not required, and the fuel electrode 102 can be brought into direct contact with the fuel flow path or the fuel container to supply the fuel 124. Thus, a thinner, smaller and lighter fuel cell 100 can be obtained.
- the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the oxidant electrode 108 can be supplied with the oxidant 126 by directly contacting with the oxidant or air.
- the oxidizing agent 126 can be appropriately supplied to the oxidizing electrode 108 via a material such as a packaging member that does not hinder miniaturization.
- the fuel cell 100 thus obtained is lightweight and small, and has high output, it can be suitably used as a fuel cell for portable equipment such as a mobile phone.
- the fuel cell according to the present embodiment may be provided with an electrode terminal mounting portion, and a plurality of the battery terminals may be combined with each other to form an assembled battery.
- a battery pack having a desired voltage and capacity can be obtained.
- a plurality of fuel cells may be arranged side by side and connected to form a battery pack, or a single cell structure 101 may be stacked via a separator to form a stack. Even in the case of a stack, excellent output characteristics can be stably exhibited.
- the fuel cell of the present embodiment uses a porous metal sheet having excellent electrical conductivity, electrons generated by the catalytic reaction can be efficiently used not only in a flat plate type but also in a cylindrical type or the like. Can be taken out of the battery well.
- a SUS 316 porous metal fiber sheet with a thickness of 0.3 mm was used as a base material for the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode (gas diffusion electrode). This metal fiber sheet was immersed in an electrolytic solution and subjected to anodic polarization to perform electrolytic etching. At this time, a 1 V HC1 aqueous solution was used as an electrolyte, and a DC voltage of 3 V was applied.
- platinum was applied to a thickness of about 10 to 50 nm on the surface of the electrolytically etched metal fiber sheet by electroplating.
- Pt (NH 3 ) 2 (N ⁇ 2 ) 2 was used as a platinum salt, and this was dissolved in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution having a pH of not more than pH.
- P t of (NH 3) 2 (N0 2 ) 2 concentration was 10 g / 1.
- the two metal fiber sheets with the platinum plating were immersed in a solid polymer electrolyte solution (Aldrich, 5 wt% Naphion alcohol solution manufactured by Chemical Co., Ltd.). By hot pressing at 10 ° C. and a pressure of 10 kgZcm 2 , a catalyst electrode-solid electrolyte membrane assembly was produced. At this time, the end of the metal fiber sheet was projected from the end of the solid electrolyte membrane to form a current collector. In addition, Nafion 112 (registered trademark, manufactured by DuPont) was used as the solid electrolyte membrane. The obtained catalyst electrode-solid electrolyte membrane assembly was used as a unit cell of a fuel cell and mounted on an evaluation package. And 10 v / v% meta from fuel container to fuel electrode An aqueous solution of noll was supplied, and air was supplied to the oxidant electrode.
- a solid polymer electrolyte solution Aldrich, 5 wt% Naphion alcohol solution manufactured by Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the fuel and oxidant flow rates were 5 m1 / in and 50 mlZmin, respectively.
- an output of 0.45 V was obtained with a current of 10 OmAZcm 2 .
- a fuel cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 without subjecting the porous metal sheet to electrolytic etching. Then, the output was about 0.4V.
- Platinum particles were carried as a catalyst on the surface of the metal fiber sheet roughened in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a colloidal dispersion of a solid polymer electrolyte was prepared.
- a platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst having a particle diameter of 3 to 5 nm was added to the colloidal dispersion of the solid polymer electrolyte, and the mixture was made into a paste using an ultrasonic disperser. At this time, mixing was performed so that the weight ratio between the solid polymer electrolyte and the catalyst was 1: 1.
- This paste was coated on a metal fiber sheet by screen printing at 2 mg / cm 2 , and then heated and dried to produce a fuel cell electrode.
- This electrode was hot-pressed on both surfaces of a solid electrolyte membrane Naphion 112 manufactured by DuPont at a temperature of 130 ° C. and a pressure of 10 kg / cm 2 to prepare a catalyst electrode-solid electrolyte membrane assembly.
- Carbon paper manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. having a thickness of 0.19 mm was used as a base material for the fuel electrode and the oxidizer electrode (gas diffusion electrode).
- a 5 mm thick SUS plate was used as a metal plate for current collection.
- a catalyst layer was formed on the surface of carbon paper as follows. 5wt% Naphion Al manufactured by Aldrich Chemical Co. as solid polymer electrolyte A coal solution was selected, and mixed with n-butyl acetate and stirred so that the mass of the solid polymer electrolyte was 0.1 to 0.4 mgZcm 3 , to prepare a colloidal dispersion of the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the catalyst for the fuel electrode is a catalyst-supporting carbon fine particle in which 50% by weight of a platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst having a particle diameter of 3 to 5 nm is supported on carbon fine particles (Denka Black; manufactured by Denki Kagaku).
- the catalyst used was a catalyst-supporting carbon fine particle in which 50% by weight of a platinum catalyst having a particle diameter of 3 to 5 nm was supported on carbon fine particles (Denka Black; manufactured by Denki Kagaku).
- the catalyst-supporting carbon fine particles were added to a colloidal dispersion of a solid polymer electrolyte, and made into a paste using an ultrasonic disperser. At this time, the mixing was performed so that the weight ratio of the solid polymer electrolyte and the catalyst was 1: 1. After 2 mg and Z cm 2 applied by screen printing the paste on a carbon paper to produce a dried by heating the fuel cell electrode. This electrode was hot-pressed on both sides of a solid electrolyte membrane Naphion 112 manufactured by DuPont at a temperature of 130 ° C. and a pressure of 10 kgZcm 2 to prepare a catalyst electrode-solid electrolyte membrane assembly.
- a metal plate for current collection was fastened to the outside of the catalyst electrode of the obtained catalyst electrode-solid electrolyte membrane assembly, and the output was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 using this as a unit cell. It was about V.
- Example 2 The same material as in Example 1 was used as the metal fiber sheet, and this was immersed in a ferric chloride solution of 0.1 lmo 1 Z1 for 20 minutes. Of the surface of the obtained metal fiber sheet
- a catalyst prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 The paste was applied to form a catalyst layer.
- the other surface was immersed in a suspension of PTFE and treated for water repellency.
- This electrode was hot-pressed on both sides of a solid electrolyte membrane Nafion 112 manufactured by DuPont at a temperature of 130 ° C. and a pressure of 10 kg Zcm 2 to produce a catalyst electrode-solid electrolyte membrane assembly.
- a catalyst electrode-solid electrolyte membrane assembly was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the surface treatment of the metal fiber sheet was not performed, and the output characteristics were evaluated. Then, the initial output was 0.4 V, but after one month passed, it dropped to 0.25 V.
- the use of the metal fiber sheet as the electrode base material did not require a separate current collector plate in the fuel cell, and made it possible to reduce the weight. It was also found that the use of a metal fiber sheet increased the initial output of the battery. In addition, it was clarified that by etching metal fibers, output reduction during long-term use was also suppressed, and high output was stably exhibited.
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Abstract
Description
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US11/192,316 US20050282062A1 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2005-07-28 | Fuel cell electrode, fuel cell and their production processes |
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JP2012234791A (ja) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-11-29 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | 疎水性が改善された気孔体及びその製造方法 |
US10333155B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2019-06-25 | Hyundai Motor Company | Porous medium with increased hydrophobicity and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2014517494A (ja) * | 2011-06-22 | 2014-07-17 | アカル エネルギー リミテッド | カソード電極材料 |
WO2018061058A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | パナソニック株式会社 | 微生物燃料電池及び廃液処理装置 |
JP2018156798A (ja) * | 2017-03-16 | 2018-10-04 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 電極構造体、及び電極触媒層/ガス拡散層一体シート、並びにこれらを含む膜電極接合体 |
JP2021103690A (ja) * | 2017-03-16 | 2021-07-15 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 電極構造体及びその製造方法、並びに電極構造体を含む膜電極接合体 |
JP7228921B2 (ja) | 2017-03-16 | 2023-02-27 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 電極構造体の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW200427126A (en) | 2004-12-01 |
CN1781203A (zh) | 2006-05-31 |
JPWO2004075322A1 (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
JP4626514B2 (ja) | 2011-02-09 |
US20050282062A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
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