WO2004071301A1 - X線ct装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2004071301A1 WO2004071301A1 PCT/JP2004/001531 JP2004001531W WO2004071301A1 WO 2004071301 A1 WO2004071301 A1 WO 2004071301A1 JP 2004001531 W JP2004001531 W JP 2004001531W WO 2004071301 A1 WO2004071301 A1 WO 2004071301A1
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- reconstruction
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- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 201000000057 Coronary Stenosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010011089 Coronary artery stenosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/542—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving control of exposure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/027—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis characterised by the use of a particular data acquisition trajectory, e.g. helical or spiral
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5288—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving retrospective matching to a physiological signal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technology capable of reducing the radiation exposure, improving the image quality, and improving the image processing speed of a moving part such as the heart without lowering the diagnostic value of an X-ray CT apparatus. . Background art
- an ECG gate imaging method based on the existing X-ray CT scanner was developed.
- projection data is continuously collected over multiple heartbeats on the same slice plane, and the time and heartbeat phase width are set based on the R wave of electrocardiographic information recorded at the same time.
- the projection data of the same cardiac phase is collected from the above data, and the tomographic image is reconstructed by the ECG reconstruction means.
- retrospective segment reconstruction when creating a tomographic image in an arbitrary cardiac phase later, a method of extracting a necessary tomographic image from abundant projection data and obtaining a target tomographic image is generally referred to as retrospective segment reconstruction.
- retrospective segment reconstruction has the problem of increasing patient exposure due to redundant measurements.
- a project to systematically acquire projection data necessary for tomographic image creation There is a method called “stive”. In this method, the cardiac phase to be acquired is determined in advance, and X-rays are emitted only within that range, so that extra exposure can be avoided.
- 2001-190547 discloses a technique for imaging a moving organ such as the heart with an X-ray CT apparatus while reducing exposure.
- a rotating mechanism that rotates the X-ray tube while facing the X-ray detector with the subject interposed therebetween; an X-ray control unit that supplies power to the X-ray tube for X-ray irradiation;
- a reconstructor that inputs the projection data detected by the detector and reconstructs a tomographic image.
- the thickness of the object penetration changes with the rotation of the X-ray tube and the detector. Noise increases due to invalid exposure and insufficient dose. Unless the tube current is controlled to be small when the specimen penetration thickness is short, unnecessary exposure may increase.
- Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2002-263097 discloses a transmission thickness dependent control as shown in FIG. 2c. That is, the tube current is changed according to the rotation angle ⁇ and the position s in the body axis direction from the scanogram. In this method, since the tube current is controlled in consideration of the penetration thickness of the subject, X-rays exposed to the subject can be greatly reduced.
- the object of the present invention is to further pursue an invalid exposure and an improvement in image quality of a periodically moving part such as a heart, taking into account both the time phase during the periodic movement and the X-ray transmission thickness in the subject. It is a development of a progressive scanning and reconstruction method that also enables retroactive reconstruction, reducing X-ray exposure to the subject, improving diagnostic image quality, and freeing up reconstruction after imaging.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an X-ray CT apparatus capable of simultaneously achieving the required degree.
- conventional X-ray CT systems that use the retroactive ECG game 1 and imaging methods can capture tomographic images such as ventricular diastole, so observe abnormalities in ventricular wall motility and abnormal coronary arteries.
- image reconstruction processing is performed by combining the projection data by the ECG reconstruction means after capturing the heart area, it is not possible to observe the heart image while capturing the heart area. Was.
- another object of the present invention is to develop a prospective scanning method and a reconstruction method to reduce motion artifact caused by movement of a moving part such as the heart, and to obtain an image of the moving part while photographing the moving part.
- An X-ray CT apparatus is provided.
- a motion information acquisition unit for acquiring periodic motion information of a motion part of a subject, and a rotation with the X-ray source, and irradiation of the subject from the X-ray source was done
- An X-ray CT comprising: a detector that detects X-rays to obtain projection data for each acquisition area; and a reconstruction unit that processes the projection data by the detector to reconstruct a tomographic image of the subject.
- the time width of the collection area and the X-ray CT are set at a time interval from the time when the phase of the measured periodic motion information and the phase on the rotation cycle of the X-ray CT apparatus overlap until the next overlap.
- Delay time determining means for determining a delay time by adding a processing delay time in the apparatus; and the projection data obtained from the detector in association with the periodic motion information obtained by the motion information obtaining means Collecting means for sequentially collecting the tomographic images, wherein the reconstructing means starts reconstruction of the tomographic image after the delay time.
- a reconstruction time phase designation means for designating a time phase to be reconstructed in the periodic motion information, and an X-ray radiated from the X-ray tube at the designated time phase
- the detection is performed by changing the intensity of the X-ray emitted from the X-ray tube depending on the motion cycle dependent control pattern for controlling the intensity of the X-ray to be relatively large and the X-ray transmission thickness of the subject.
- the tomographic image of the moving part is reconstructed from the projection data of the acquisition area corresponding to the phase.
- a reconstruction time phase designation means for designating a time phase to be reconstructed in the periodic motion information, and the X-ray radiated from the X-ray tube at the designated time phase Irradiation is performed from the X-ray tube depending on the mode based on the motion cycle dependent control pattern for controlling the intensity of the line to be relatively large or depending on the motion cycle dependent control pattern and the X-ray transmission thickness of the subject.
- the reconstructing means further comprises: reconstructing means for reconstructing the moving part from the projection data of the acquisition area corresponding to the time phase designated by the reconstruction time phase designating means. Reconstruct a tomographic image.
- the periodic motion information is a heart beat.
- the reconstructing means reconstructs using projection data corresponding to an acquisition area of at least 180 degrees of the rotation.
- the apparatus further comprises interpolation means for interpolating a projection data acquisition area at the slice position to be reconstructed from another projection data acquisition area after the delay time has elapsed.
- the apparatus further comprises an interpolating means for interpolating a projection data acquisition area at the slice position to be reconstructed from another projection data acquisition area after the delay time has elapsed.
- the projection data obtained from the collection unit is temporarily stored in association with the periodic motion information, and the projection data that has been completely reconstructed after the delay time is deleted or updated.
- a buffering means for performing the operation.
- the reconstructing means further includes a filter means for reducing a noise level difference between the acquisition areas or between the tomographic images.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the X-ray CT apparatus of the present invention.
- Figure 2a shows
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating ECG waveforms and positions of time phases 1 and 2 therein.
- FIG. 2b is a diagram illustrating an example of a tube current control pattern employed in the present invention.
- FIG. 2c is a diagram for explaining an example of a subject transmission thick tube current control pattern employed in the conventional technique.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining a mode of introducing the filter processing.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the X-ray CT apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of projection data by the X-ray CT apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the reconstructing means in the X-ray CT apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of projection data by the X-ray CT apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a buffering means in the X-ray CT apparatus shown in FIG. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a general electrocardiogram.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the projection data.
- Figure 10 shows the ECG information It is explanatory drawing which shows the projection data described together.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an initial state of a reconstruction method in a conventional X-ray CT apparatus.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing another state of the reconstruction method in the conventional X-ray CT apparatus.
- the X-ray CT system is equipped with a host computer 107 that controls the entire system, an X-ray generation system including an X-ray tube 101, and a detector system including a detector 102 (rotating) scanning mechanism. 103, a patient table 104 for transport during patient positioning and spiral scanning, an image processing device 106 for performing various image processing, an external storage device 110, a display device 109, and an input device 108 for inputting operator instruction information.
- the X-ray CT apparatus can receive motion information from an external motion information acquisition unit 111. This exercise information is, for example, periodic exercise information, and is input from the exercise information acquisition means 111 to the measurement circuit 105.
- projection data for each acquisition area is input from the detector 102
- motion data is added to the data and sent to the image processing device 106 or the host computer 107.
- the projection data is data extended in the channel direction of the detector, but since the data may not be valid at the end of the channel, motion information is added using this space. By doing so, it is possible to extract only the data related to a certain phase of the periodic motion described later.
- An X-ray controller 101C is mounted on the rotating disk of the scanner 100, and controls the X-ray intensity. Prior to the start of imaging, 'the equipment is prepared for imaging (setting imaging conditions, reconstruction conditions, etc.). The rotation scanning mechanism 103 rotates the turntable of the scanner 100, and the scanning control device 103C notifies the host computer 107 of the preparation completion information when a desired rotation speed is reached. In the case of the spiral scan, the object table 104 is moved to a position in consideration of the acceleration time in advance, so that a steady speed is obtained at the X-ray irradiation start position.
- the X-ray tube 101 When X-rays were irradiated and imaging was started, the X-ray tube 101 was placed facing the X-rays of the intensity specified by the host computer 107 (or the tube current control pattern was registered in advance). The light is emitted toward the detector 102. In detector 102 After detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject (not shown) and converting them into electric signals, the measurement circuit 105 acquires projection data as digital data. The projection data undergoes image processing such as pre-processing, filtering, and back projection in the image processing device 106 to reconstruct a tomographic image. The reconstructed image is displayed on the display device 109 as a diagnostic image.
- image processing such as pre-processing, filtering, and back projection in the image processing device 106 to reconstruct a tomographic image.
- the reconstructed image is displayed on the display device 109 as a diagnostic image.
- the X-ray CT apparatus has two control modes: a motion cycle dependent control mode, and a combined mode of the motion cycle dependent control and the transmission thickness dependent control.
- the operator Prior to cardiac imaging, the operator selects one of the control modes described above and inputs the selected control mode, the average heart rate of the subject, the target time phase, and the maximum / minimum tube current.
- the host computer 107 calculates the control cycle of the tube current from the input average heartbeat, creates a tube current control pattern 1 that fluctuates between the maximum / minimum tube current, and transfers the control pattern to the X-ray controller. .
- imaging is started using tube current control pattern 1.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-263097 discloses a transmission thickness dependent control as shown in FIG. 2c.
- the tube current is controlled in consideration of the transmission thickness of the subject according to the rotation angle ⁇ ⁇ and the position s in the body axis direction from the scanogram, the X-rays exposed to the subject can be greatly reduced.
- the invalid exposure is further reduced, and the invalid exposure is allocated to a portion necessary for improving the image quality. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, a combined mode of the motion cycle dependent control and the transmission thickness dependent control is newly created.
- FIG. 2a shows ECG waveform data
- FIG. 2b shows a tube current control pattern according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2c shows a control pattern in the case where the minimum tube voltage is halved in the method based on the permeation thickness according to the related art.
- the control waveforms 201 and 203 are controlled in a sine wave shape as shown in the figure, the time width of the target time phase may be set relatively large. In this case, it is desirable to use a pattern that takes into account fluctuations in heart rate and the like.
- the control pattern is as shown in FIG. It becomes the broken line 201 of.
- the minimum tube voltage was halved as in the conventional example shown in FIG. 2c.
- the target time phase is an example in which time phase 1 is set, and imaging is performed with the maximum tube current applied in accordance with time phase 1 of the ECG waveform desired to be viewed with the highest image quality. Since the reconstruction means reconstructs only the segment data in the target time phase, it can be seen that a good image with the least noise can be obtained.
- a typical method of determining the target time phase is, for example, a time phase of 60 to 70 ° / 0 (so-called diastole) as the target time phase.
- diastolic images are used to calculate the calcification index and to evaluate coronary artery stenosis, and the other phases are used to monitor the motion of the heart wall. Since the motion of the heart wall is often observed in moving images, noise is generally less noticeable than in still images, and sufficient observation is possible.
- high resolution and resolution are not required because analysis of blood vessels is not involved. Therefore, the examination can be performed by one imaging, so that the exposure is small.
- the tube current is high at the time tl when the transmission thickness is short and the tube current is to be reduced (AP).
- AP tube current is to be reduced
- the tube current is low in the left-right (LAT) direction where the tube current is to be increased. That is, at time tl of the broken line 201 in FIG. 2b, unnecessary exposure increases, and at t2, the tube current is reduced more than necessary, and the image noise may increase too much.
- the combined mode of the heartbeat cycle + transmission thickness dependent control is a method in which the movement cycle dependent control pattern is further modulated by the subject transmission thickness dependent pattern. Assuming that each is a broken line 201 in FIG. 2B and a solid line 203 in FIG. 2C, the pattern after modulation is a solid line 202 in FIG. 2B. As a result, the image quality can be improved in the target phase, and the exposure can be reduced as much as possible in other phases. Further, noise fluctuation in the rotation angle direction, which occurs almost periodically due to a change in the specimen transmission thickness, can be suppressed.
- the combined modes of the motion cycle dependent control mode, the motion cycle dependent control, and the transmission thickness dependent control are selected as follows. For example, if you want to obtain only a specific heartbeat phase with high image quality, select the exercise cycle dependent control mode. If image quality deterioration is noticeable in the motion cycle dependent control mode, select the composite mode to suppress this and obtain low exposure. You can choose.
- the standard deviation value of the projection data is calculated as shown in 302 in the flowchart of FIG. 3, and the noise amount of each segment data is calculated.
- the reconstruction filter processing for backprojection blur correction may be changed and applied, or a known method such as a separately weighted average filter may be used in the channel direction, as long as the frequency characteristics can be adjusted. It is not limited.
- a target time phase such as the diastole and increasing the tube current in the target time phase
- a good image quality of the target time phase can be obtained, and the evaluation of the coronary artery becomes easy.
- the tube current is low, but the boundary of the heart wall can be traced sufficiently, so that cardiac function can be evaluated from the volume ratio between diastole and systole, and projection data that can reconstruct one tomographic image can be obtained.
- the measurement allows evaluation of all the hearts normally required. In this way, conventional rehabilitative tactical reconstruction is also possible.
- a filter means for making the noise level of the projection data substantially constant may be provided.
- the image quality is further stabilized.
- the overall exposure can be reduced while improving the image quality of the necessary parts.
- the imaging method according to the present invention acquires projection data during all cardiac phases other than diastole.
- the missing data can be replenished later.
- projection data for all cardiac phases is acquired, but projection data that is unintended and prospective includes those with a lot of noise.
- the data of any cardiac phase can be supplemented without re-taking the image. In this case, noise can be reduced by the above-described filter means.
- the configuration of the X-ray CT apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 is used as in the first embodiment.
- the exercise site will be described as the heart.
- An X-ray CT apparatus usually has a configuration as shown in FIG.
- the X-ray tube 101 and the detector 102 are placed opposite to each other with the subject interposed between the scanner 100 and the heart area of the subject is irradiated with X-rays while restricting the X-ray irradiation area from the X-ray source by the collimator.
- X-rays that have passed through the heart region of the subject are detected by the detector 102, and an electrocardiograph is attached to the subject as motion information acquisition means 111. While obtaining projection data of the heart region near the R wave.
- FIG. 8 shows a general electrocardiographic waveform 1 in which the positions of the Q wave, the R wave, and the S wave are shown together.
- the heart expands and the movement of the heart becomes the slowest. Therefore, while capturing the electrocardiographic information with the electrocardiograph 111, the heart area near the R wave is photographed to collect projection data.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the projection data thus collected.
- the horizontal axis in the figure is the channel direction of the detector, and the vertical axis is the projection angle.
- the electrocardiogram information 3 is recorded together with the projection data 2 of the heart region, the actual projection data does not have a waveform as shown in FIG. 9 but a number indicating at which position of the projection angle the R wave exists.
- the values are associated with each other. This association data can be described, for example, in a data portion corresponding to the detection element at the end in the channel direction.
- the projection data is processed by the ECG reconstruction means as follows to obtain a reconstructed image.
- a spiral scan using a 4-row multi-slice X-ray CT apparatus will be described.
- the trajectory 15 ⁇ : L8 of the four detector rows is shown, and the scan cycle is 1.0 second.
- the cardiac cycle is 0.8 seconds apart.
- a heartbeat and scan that started after synchronizing at the 0.0 second position will resynchronize after 4.0 seconds.
- projection data required for reconstruction it is necessary to collect data with different projection angles and the same cardiac phase.
- Fig. 11 shows the projection data group of the acquisition areas 4 to 8 in the range of one scan cycle.
- FIG. 12A shows only the left main part of FIG. A discontinuous region 11 may be generated between the collection region 4 and the collection region 9a in the body axis direction due to the spiral scan. When the discontinuous region 11 is generated, the data 12 is calculated using simple linear interpolation or the like, and is captured as shown in FIG.
- ECG-synchronous reconstruction ECG-synchronous reconstruction
- the table speed must be reduced. If the measurement is repeated at the same time and the same slice position is measured repeatedly, the time resolution can be improved.
- the reconstruction method used at this time is called the retrospective segment reconstruction method described above. In other words, the region of the cardiac phase at the same slice position during the spiral scan (eg, diastole) By measuring multiple times (number of segments) with each detector array, the time component required to generate a tomographic image at that slice position is divided by the number of segments (time-separated), and the time component is included. Obtain tomographic images.
- the view range required for reconstruction (180 degrees + fan angle in the case of half scan) is divided into 4 segments, and the table is fed so that each segment can be measured in a different row.
- Set the shooting conditions such as scan time and scan time.
- the optimal scan time also depends on the patient's heart rate, but with a 0.6 second scan, an image with a time resolution of about 0.1 second, which is one quarter of a half scan, can be acquired. is there.
- the number of segments can be increased by increasing the number of columns, so that the time resolution can be further improved.
- the number of segments can be doubled at the maximum, achieving up to one-eighth of half-can.
- the four-row system and the patient table must be sent at the same speed.
- priority is given to time resolution, the number of tomographic images (throughput) in the body axis direction obtained during a certain scan time does not improve.
- a typical example is a spiral pitch of about 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the X-ray CT apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the X-ray CT apparatus according to the present embodiment includes an electrocardiograph 111 for acquiring electrocardiographic information of the subject, and 3 ⁇ And a delay time setting means for setting a delay time determined from an ECG delay time, which is built in the host computer 107, and in which the heartbeat phase of the electrocardiographic information and the scan cycle overlap each other.
- Determination means for determining a slice position to be reconstructed; collecting means such as a measuring circuit 105 for sequentially collecting projection data of the same cardiac phase from electrocardiographic information obtained by the electrocardiographic information obtaining means; and a normal image processing device 106 and the like.
- Built-in interpolation means for creating projection data by interpolating the discontinuous area in the opposite axial direction at the same projection angle corresponding to the slice position after the delay time has elapsed, and a finger after the delay time has elapsed
- a delay time interlocking reconstruction means for reconstructing a tomographic image projection data slice position obtained from the collection means.
- step 32 after placing the subject on the bed of the X-ray CT
- Electrocardiographic information acquisition means such as an electrometer acquires electrocardiographic information of the subject to obtain an average heart rate.
- step 33 prior to the acquisition of projection data, the slice position of the heart region to be reconstructed is determined, and the scan speed of the X-ray CT apparatus is set.
- step S34 settings relating to the heart imaging function, which are specific to the present embodiment, are performed. That is, the ECG delay time is calculated from the average heart rate obtained in step 32 and the scan speed set in step 33. The ECG delay time is the time until the heartbeat phase of the average heart rate and the phase of the scan cycle of the X-ray CT device overlap again.
- This ECG delay time is a predetermined data that takes into account the system response time in the X-ray CT device. Initiate reconstruction based on the delay time.
- a CT scan of the heart region is performed.
- the projection data of the same cardiac phase is sequentially collected by the collecting means such as the measurement circuit 105.
- a projection data discontinuity area in the opposite axial direction having the same projection angle corresponding to the first slice position set in advance is created by interpolating by the capturing means.
- the data thus interpolated and the projection data during the delay time thereof are used, and the cross-sectional image is reconstructed by the delay time-linked reconstructing means such as the image processing device 106, for example.
- the delay time-linked reconstructing means such as the image processing device 106, for example.
- the heart Near the R wave, the heart is in a state of expansion at all times, and the heart moves at the slowest speed, so if reconstruction is performed using the projection data of the same part, clear imaging as if the heart is stationary Images can be obtained.
- step 36 the reconstructed tomographic image is displayed on the display device 109.
- Steps 35 and 36 are repeated according to the number of slice positions, and tomographic images at the respective slice positions are sequentially displayed on the display device 109.
- step 33 the slice position to be reconstructed before the projection data acquisition is determined.
- the first slice position 20a and the last slice position 20 ⁇ are determined in the body axis direction, and the number of slices and the interval between them are specified, and the other slice positions 20b to 20m are also indicated by broken lines. To decide.
- step 34 the ECG delay time and a predetermined delay time determined from the ECG delay time are set by the delay time setting means.
- the scan cycle is 1.0 second
- the ECG information 3 As can be seen, the cardiac cycle is 0.8 seconds apart.
- the ECG delay time is 4.2 seconds, which is the time required for the heartbeat phase of the electrocardiographic information 3 to overlap with the scan cycle phase, 4.0 seconds, plus the time width of one acquisition area, described later, that is, the segment width of 200 ms. is there.
- a predetermined delay time in this case, 4.2 seconds is determined as the predetermined delay time, with the response delay time of the system from the support of reconstruction to the start of calculation being ideally 0 second.
- the function of the delay time setting means is built in the host computer 107, for example.
- a cardiac cycle is obtained from the electrocardiograph 111. This cardiac cycle can be calculated based on the R wave or the like stored in the projection data, or the heart rate of the subject can be calculated. Electrocardiographic information can be separately obtained before taking a region.
- the heart area CT imaging in step 35 is performed.
- a description will be given of a collecting means for sequentially collecting projection data of the same cardiac phase.
- projection data necessary for reconstruction it is necessary to collect data with different projection angles and the same cardiac phase.
- Fig. 5 and Fig. 12 in the projection data starting from the 0.0 second position and ending just before the 4.0 second position (excluding 4.0 seconds), five R waves occur five times. Projection data with different phases will exist as segments. This is shown in Fig. 5 for collection areas 4-9. Since the projection data for 360 degrees is collected in five times, one collection area will be the projection data for 72 degrees.
- the scan cycle When converted to time, the scan cycle is 1.0 second, so the temporal width of one acquisition area is 200 ms (ls 5 times).
- These projection data are data having the same cardiac phase and different projection angles, and have different slice positions due to spiral scanning.
- Acquisition areas 9 and 10 show the projection data 200 ms after the R wave after the synchronization of the heartbeat and the scan cycle.
- the projection angle and cardiac phase are the same, and the slice position is four cycles, that is, the projection four seconds ahead. Data.
- FIG. 6B to 6E are explanatory diagrams showing the data collection operation by the above-mentioned collection means with the passage of time.
- the data of the collection areas 4 to 6 are collected 1.8 seconds after the start of the scan.At this point, the projection data required for reconstruction is obtained. Data is insufficient.
- Fig. 6C after 2.6 seconds, data in the collection areas 4 to 7 is collected, but at this point the projection data required for reconstruction is still insufficient.
- Fig. 3D after 3.4 seconds, data in collection areas 4 to 7 has been collected, but no projection data exists in the projection data area for the first 72 degrees.
- the data in acquisition areas 4 and 9 are aligned in phase.
- the data 72 for the first 72 degrees does not overlap with the slice position, and the gap region 11 occurs.
- data can be calculated from the collection area 4 and the collection area 9 using simple linear interpolation or the like, and projection data can be obtained as an interpolated area by interpolated data.
- the projection data 11 is obtained by interpolating means included in the image processing device 106 to capture a discontinuous region in the body axis direction at the same projection angle corresponding to the slice position 20a after a predetermined delay time has elapsed. To do.
- a reconstructed image at the desired slice position 20a can be obtained.
- step 36 after a predetermined delay time has elapsed, the delay time-linked reconstruction means acquires the projection data at the specified slice position 20 from the acquisition means, reconstructs a tomographic image, and displays it on the display means. become.
- the predetermined delay time calculated from the ECG delay time is set by the delay time setting means, and after the predetermined delay time has elapsed, the projection data of the designated slice position is obtained from the collection means. Then, the tomographic image is reconstructed by the delay time interlocking reconstruction means.
- a method of determining a predetermined delay time from the ECG delay time is determined, for example, by adding a margin to the ECG delay time.
- the margin is a processing delay time such as a response time between systems such as a time from an instruction of the reconfiguration processing to the start of calculation.
- the collection means collects projection data of the same cardiac phase and different projection angles based on the R wave of the electrocardiogram obtained by the electrocardiogram information collection means, and this is collected by the delay time linked reconstruction means. Since the tomographic image at the disk position 20a is reconstructed, it is possible to provide a clear cardiac tomographic image as if the heart was still after a delay time while capturing the heart region.
- the acquisition means collects the projection data of each of the acquisition areas 4 to 9 in FIG. 6 and then collects the projection data of the next acquisition area 10, that is, this time, When a predetermined delay time elapses from the collection area 5, a gap area 13 is formed between the collection areas 5 and 10 as in the case of the collection areas 5 and 9.
- the interpolating means is configured to interpolate the discontinuous area in the opposite axial direction having the same projection angle corresponding to the slice position after the delay time has elapsed, to obtain the projection data, a predetermined delay time from the acquisition area 5 is obtained.
- the data is calculated from the collection area 5 and the collection area 10 by using rectangular interpolation or the like to obtain the projection data of the gap area 13.
- the delay time-linked reconstruction means is configured to acquire projection data at the designated slice position from the acquisition means after the delay time has elapsed, and reconstruct a tomographic image. When the time has elapsed, the slice position 20c is reconstructed.
- the heart is captured at each of the slice positions 20b to 20n after the delay time has elapsed while capturing the next slice positions 20b to 20n.
- a clear cardiac tomographic image as if it were stationary can be obtained.
- This process is repeated until a tomographic image at the last slice position 20 ⁇ is obtained, and sequentially displayed on the display means in real time, so that a clear image can be observed while taking an image.
- the X-ray CT apparatus described above has a collecting means for sequentially acquiring projection data of the same cardiac phase using electrocardiographic information obtained by an electrocardiograph.
- a buffering means for buffering the projection data of the same cardiac phase and erasing the projection data which has been reconstructed after a predetermined delay time. That is, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 6 described above, at least a predetermined delay time is required until the tomographic image at the first slice position 20 ° is reconstructed by the delay time linked reconstruction means.
- This buffering means is, for example, the external storage means 110 of FIG.
- the buffering means becomes unnecessary to reconstruct the tomographic image at the next slice position 20c as shown in FIG.7B.
- the projection data that is, the projection data of the acquisition area 4 is deleted. This is sequentially performed according to the change of the slice position to be reconstructed.
- the buffering means sequentially exchanges the projection data of the acquisition area, so that it is possible to hold the projection data for obtaining tomographic imaging at various slice positions with a simple configuration. It goes without saying that this buffering means may be provided on the memory of the arithmetic unit.
- the present invention can be applied to 180-degree reconstruction.
- the point at which the projection data necessary for 180-degree reconstruction is available is defined as the ECG delay time, and the predetermined delay time is determined by adding some margin to this empirically.
- the delay time interlocking reconfiguration means is mounted, for example, in the host computer 107.
- the host computer 107 starts the scan in response to the scan start instruction from the input device 108, and then counts the predetermined delay time as described above. After a predetermined delay time has elapsed, the host computer 107 causes the delay time interlocking reconstructing means 106 to reconstruct an image, and displays the completed image on the display device 109.
- the next scan is performed concurrently with this reconstruction.
- the tomographic image can be seen as soon as the reconstructable projection data of a slice is available, even if no reconstruction instruction is given.
- the labor of the operator is reduced, images can be obtained in real time, and motion artifacts can be reduced.
- 180-degree reconstruction image acquisition can be performed faster than in 360-degree reconstruction.
- spiral imaging using a four-row multi-slice X-ray CT apparatus has been described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and imaging with a bed stopped is performed. And single slice X-ray CT systems.
- the ECG delay time of 4.2 seconds is set to the delay time.
- the predetermined delay time is set as it is by the time setting means, the predetermined delay time can be set by the delay time setting means based on the ECG delay time so as to be as close as possible to the ECG delay time.
- Interpolating means for determining a slice position to be reconstructed before acquiring projection data, and obtaining projection data by interpolating a discontinuous area in the opposite axial direction having the same projection angle corresponding to the slice position after a delay time has elapsed;
- delay time-linked reconstruction means for reconstructing a tomographic image by acquiring projection data at the specified slice position from the acquisition means after the delay time has elapsed, so that the ECG delay time The tomographic image can be reconstructed.
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US10/544,907 US7426255B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2004-02-13 | X-ray CT device |
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JP2003036308A JP4007928B2 (ja) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-02-14 | X線ct装置 |
JP2003-036308 | 2003-02-14 | ||
JP2003-101544 | 2003-04-04 | ||
JP2003101544A JP4025677B2 (ja) | 2003-04-04 | 2003-04-04 | X線ct装置 |
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Cited By (2)
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NL1033063C2 (nl) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-11-27 | Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc | Tomografische beeldvormingsapparatuur en tomografische beeldvormingswerkwijze. |
NL1033936C2 (nl) * | 2006-06-09 | 2008-10-28 | Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc | Röntgen-CT-apparatuur. |
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JP4769441B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-19 | 2011-09-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像処理装置及び画像処理方法 |
EP1830711A2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-09-12 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards GmbH | Method and apparatus for cardiac computed tomography |
US7532702B2 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2009-05-12 | General Electric Company | Method and system for performing CT image reconstruction with motion artifact correction |
JP4611225B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-01 | 2011-01-12 | ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー | X線ct装置 |
JP5208442B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-12 | 2013-06-12 | ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー | X線ct装置 |
WO2010001840A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-07 | 株式会社 日立メディコ | X線ct装置 |
DE102008034564A1 (de) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-02-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Tomographiegerät zur Erzeugung tomographischer Bilder |
JP4486144B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-06-23 | アロカ株式会社 | X線画像形成装置 |
WO2010073147A1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Gated image reconstruction |
JP5545881B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-14 | 2014-07-09 | 株式会社リガク | Ct画像処理装置およびct画像処理方法 |
JP7065611B6 (ja) * | 2014-11-20 | 2022-06-06 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | フォトンカウンティング検出器のためのx線フラックスレデューサ |
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US20060140337A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
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