WO2003002829A1 - Hollow thermal blocks of clay - Google Patents

Abstract

The innovation concerns the hollow thermal blocks of clay, improved for application in external and internal walls, in lintels, in concrete columns lining and slabs for ceilings, in vent openings and face walls (1-183), thus enabling high quality of thermal protection, especially on the outside of structures. The purpose thereof is inter-connection of voids by means of synthetic mortar, walling and sealing in two alternatives, by which common thermal lines between blocks are produced, the problem of thermal bridges solved, breathing of internal walls achieved, problems of condenzation and realization of thermal properties in external walls also solved, so that in walls made of blocks of clay, 25 cm in length and 25 cm wide, thermal properties are better for cca 60% as compared to the walls of the same thickness made of solid brick. Thermal ratios in ceilings are more suitable. The following tools are to be used for walling: vessel, cart for mortar distribution and portable grippers for carrying blocks. Manufacture of porous blocks is also easy to achieve: it does not need important investment; what is necessary is the application of appropriate orifice with new disposition of voids. Manufacture of tools may also be organized within the existing capacities. Any type of design is applicable to all climate regions.

Description

HOLLOWTHERMALBLOCKS OFCLAY

The field of technology from which innovation is:

The innovation is from the field of Civil Engineering Works. Markings, according to international classification of patents, are EO4 C 1/08 and E04 C 1/28.

Technical problems:

Technical problem being solved by this proposed patent solutions, deals with problems of the Civil Physics and consists of the following:

How, under the existing capacities, to enable production of hollow thermal blocks of clay for building, cladding of slabs and concrete columns at corners, for window lintels and for floor and ceiling structures enabling thus use of more complete, particularly external thermal protection of the civil structures;

How to build with the use of synthetic mortar by sinking blocks into it and spreading by wheelbarrow and thus interconnect semihollows and hollows among the neighboring thermal blocks, and so enable execution of interconnected - joint thermal lines in several times bigger length in relation to the real width of blocks, and so solve the problems of thermal bridges and realize much better thermal properties of whole wall areas;

How to construct a vessel and wheelbarrow for application of synthetic mortar in building, as well as a portable griper for block laying;

How to perform cladding of concrete columns at corners with hollow thermal blocks, as well as cladding of concrete slabs;

How by interconnection of thermal blocks in a structural component of window lintel use longer ways of heat passing in the best possible way;

How to perform walling with facade thermal bricks and how to connect them to external wall surfaces with their smaller parts of internal surfaces and thus between them and wall surfaces use thermal properties of air and enable ventilation and breathing of walls;

How to manufacture thermal facade slabs with profiles at the ends and how to connect them to wall surfaces with thermal bonding projects, and

How in structural framework of floor and ceiling structures make sealing with synthetic mortar, how to interconnect hollows along beams, how to perform sealing between lateral sides of beams and thus connect semihollows into joint hollows and so doing obtain much better thermal property between bottom ceiling surfaces and concrete slabs. Condition of Technology

This problem in production and application of building materials for walling and for floor and ceiling structures in a form of clay blocks so far has not been solved in this way.

Under the present solutions, almost all known variants of hollow blocks of clay have thermal property which is approximately similar to characteristics of walls of solid blocks of corresponding thickness. The reason for this is that the blocks on butt vertical sides have flush surfaces which during walling have been whole connected with mortar, as well as interconnected horizontal surfaces which, in that way, realized thermal bridges between external and internal wall surfaces. Therefore, thermal characteristics of air in the existing hollows was little used.

From the more applied solution, Evro block is made with one or two hollows on vertical sides. Something longer way of passage of heat, for about 10% in respect to the real block width, was realized on butt sides of blocks with one vertical hollow, which formed hollow, which is connected with a hollow in the middle of blocks in the upper and bottom layer of wall. Blocks with two hollows on butt sides have not been manufactured with two hollows in the middle between lateral sides of beams, because they would be of worse mechanical characteristics. These shapes of blocks could not have given better thermal characteristics, particularly when making longer thermal lines between butt vertical sides.

Lately some attempts have been made by using expensive tools to place mortar on horizontal surfaces of partitions and block sides and by connecting them to connect hollows along the vertical line. This way of brick laying is more expensive and more slow. For connecting butt vertical sides pouring of liquid mortar into joint hollows through smaller channels on butt sides was applied, which caused problems during construction works.

The theory knows method of performing thermal lines in longitudinal partitions, which were performed only in internal parts of blocks. Due to method of performing of butt vertical surfaces, joint thermal lines of the same shape as in blocks have not been used for thermal purposes.

There are solutions where thermal lines were performed in blocks, of various shapes in bigger lengths. These blocks also are made flat or like Evro block on butt surfaces, thus the problem in thermal sense has not been solved even by this method.

Under more modern technological process porous blocks are produced with admixtures added, which during process of baking burn out or melt way, thus realizing porosity. These blocks, manufactured according to the already described solutions, have better thermal characteristics but also weaker mechanical strength , therefore they are made in bigger thickness. In building with these blocks thermal mortars were used, which gave some better thermal property. From the above mentioned it could be concluded, that various attempts have been made but more prominent thermal characteristics in thinner walls than 25 cm with good mechanical properties have not been achieved.

Construction of the thermal blocks with joint thermal lines, of the approximately the same length as in blocks, with use of trespassing of heat through a number of butt stations with exactly defined distribution and hollow size, of the rectangular shape in diagonally descending order, with semi hollows in butt sides, with lateral projections for build-in of portal griper and with other details and specific qualities, which with the method of use of synthetic mortar, make possible use of much better thermal characteristics of the whole surfaces of wall and ceilings, which is unknown in present experience.

Application of synthetic mortar for building, dipping of blocks into it and spreading it by wheelbarrows with purpose that it should be built-in only on partitions and sides, in order to interconnect semihollows and hollows, which would made possible longer passages of heat, among the neighboring blocks, has been also unknown in the past experience.

Cladding of concrete slabs of ceilings and columns on corners has been already made but not with thermal blocks of the better quality.

Hollow facade blocks are sealed with mortar on whole joint surfaces and with whole internal surfaces are connected to the external wall surfaces.

Ceramic tiles were fixed to the external wall as facade elements as well as to internal wall surfaces and walls did not have porosity - breathing.

The building materials, hollow blocks on which concrete slabs were cast, were not manufactured for more optimal use of thermal air characteristics in the existing hollows and longer •ways for heat passing were not used, between bottom ceiling surfaces and concrete slabs. The filling had certain thermal characteristics, as well as hollow block of floor structure. These characteristics were considerably decreased, practically abolished due to thermal bridges which were formed in channels and on bottom surfaces between beams with hollow blocks, due to weak thermal characteristics of concrete which was cast onto these bottom surfaces of structures of the ceilings.

From the reasons justified, state of technology in patent documentation, could not have been seen, which particularly refers to the foreign fond. That is way I did not refer to any solution from the patent applications. This knowledge is merely based on the existing practice.

The essential data on the innovation

The purpose of the solutions is to provide complete thermal protection of the civil structures and thus secure possible saving in heating energy but also to protect from the excessive heat. The application of these solution is possible under all climatic regions. Complete production of blocks, synthetic mortar and masonry tools is possible with the existing capacities.

The essential thing concerning thermal characteristics is in a new construction of blocks for building, by which use of joint thermal lines is made possible, even a little of bigger lengths in respect to thermal lines made in blocks. All other variants of thermal blocks are based on this construction.

By a new method of walling with synthetic mortar or other bonding materials, adhesives in two variants solve problems of thermal bridges, particularly effectively in external walls. Partitions and sides of neighboring blocks are interconnected, by which hollows and semihollows are connected, which provides longer ways of heat passes between lateral wall sides. Concretely, external wall built with blocks 25cm long and 25cm wide has all thermal lines of heat saturation in length greater than 65cm. This method provides better thermal characteristics for approx. 60% in respect to the wall of the same thickness, built with solid blocks in a classical manner. The savings in use of material in respect to the existing blocks is greater that 60% . Wall of solid blocks has Lamda 0.75W/(mK). Walls built with thermal blocks of full clay Lamda is approx. 0.3W/(kml0).Blocks of full clay in use now have Lamda 0.55W/(mK), since the mortar created thermal bridges, coefficient of heat pass is approx. the same like in walls of solid bricks. By use of hollow porous blocks weighing approx. 0.8 kg/dm3, having sufficient bearing capacity, 25cm long and 25cm wide, made in accordance with this solution, thermal characteristics due to porosity and these thermal properties achieved by longer ways of heat passes will mutually be added which will give in walls Lamda 0.12W/(mK), which provides greater possibilities for savings . Thermal characteristics in ceilings are much better in respect to the existing condition, for concrete beams there were high heat conductors. With such thermal characteristics are obtamed results convenient for hot weather periods, which secure difference between external and internal temperature higher than 18 °C, which can be obtained with Lamda 0.3W/(mK), factor of amplitude oscillation of temperature more convenient than v=19(l) and by time shifting of oscillation phase of temperature more convenient than n=8(h). With porous blocks, of the sufficient bearing capacity, 30cm long and 25cm wide there will be obtained all ways of heat passes longer than 78cm and consequently better thermal characteristics, according to the existing standards with Lamda approx. 0.1W/(mK) and coefficient approx. 0.4W m2K, which provides better thermal characteristics in respect to walls of solid blocks for approx. 80%.

A new method of building with synthetic mortar gives saving in respect to the classical mortar of more than 80%. It is very essential that application of thermal blocks without adding of other thermal materials provides thermal characteristics of better quality, with possibility to protect completely civil structures. In short, it provides thermal protection of external walls, between basement and floors, as well as ceiling protection .

By use of facade thermal blocks, thermal characteristics of external walls are extremely improved. Thermal facade blocks with air layer 2cm thick applied to the same wall of solid blocks with classic facade blocks 38cm thick having coefficient approx. 1.5Wm2K, have better thermal properties for more than 50%.

Hollow thermal blocks are so constructed that they can be built in into walls only with hollows in vertical position, which provides better total bearing capacity of the structure. On vertical butt sides, the blocks are interconnected on bigger surfaces than on horizontal ones, which is important from the static sense, particularly in the event of seismic movements.

By applying this solution with thermal blocks and by use of facade ceramic tiles for protection from external affects of humidity, problem of condensation is possible to be eliminated, which particularly refers to ceilings.

The way of connecting hollows given by this solution, enables internal breathing of walls, through filter for humidity collection. The former thermal calculation for winter period are not correct. According to the calculation made for conditions during winter period and solution of vapor diffusion with the described block 30cm long and 25cm wide one can expect to have Lamda between 0.05 and 0.07W/(mK), which is in compliance with the state found in practice and actual possibility of energy savings for heating.

For undertaking of fabrication of blocks and required tools under the present technological process no investments are required.

Short description of figures:

Figure No. 1 & 2 show complete view of thermal block 1.

" 3 shows cross section of thermal block with one butt

(butt) side made flat. " 4 shows cross section of thermal half-block (cross view) with one flat butt side " 5 shows cross section of thermal cross half-block

" 6 shows cross section of thermal bonding block

" 7 shows cross section of thermal blocks intended for cladding of concrete columns at corners shows cross section of thermal block for window lintels shows cross section of thermal block for cladding of concrete slabs lo shows cross section of longitudinal thermal half-block for application on internal walls

11 shows cross section of thermal block for window lintel in second variant

12&13 show cross sections of hollow thermal facade blocks 14 shows view of thermal block 31 with synthetic mortar on bottom and one of flush but (butt) sides

15-19 show set of blocks for floor structure. 20 shows cross section of thermal block of ceiling 21-24 show set of blocks for application in the second variant of ceiling

25&26 show method of sinking of thermal blocks into synthetic mortar.

27 shows view of vessel for synthetic mortar 28&29 show structure of civil building built with hollow thermal blocks

30-34 show method of bonding of semihollows and hollows and joint thermal lines

35&36 show method of connecting external and internal wall with thermal blocks and vapor diffuse filter

37&38 show method of cladding of concrete column

39&40 show method of cladding of concrete slabs

41&42 show method of application of thermal facade blocks

43-46 show method of fixing of thermal window lintels in second variant

47&48 show method of building-in of thermal blocks into floor ceilings

49 shows cross section of ceiling structure with built-in thermal blocks

50 show cross section of ceiling structure in the second variant " 51-55 show cross section of blocks intended for ventilation openings " 56-61 show view of thermal facade tiles

" ^' 62-66 show method of fixing of facade ceramic tiles

" 67-86 show elements for application in structural body of portable griper " 87&88 show size of a block 1 for transport by the griper

" 89&90 show method of building-in of thermal blocks with portable griper " 91-119 show elements for application in construction of wheelbarrow for synthetic mortar " 120-123 show structural view of wheelbarrow

" 124-126 show essential details of wheelbarrow structure

" 127-129 show view of wheelbarrow for pouring of mortar from the front, back and upper side.

More detailed description of innovation ,

Fig. 1 and 2 show complete view of thermal block 1 for application on external walls. The said block has been already described. Besides, it is important to say that this concerns solution with a number of specific qualities, which together with a new method of brick walling, provides much better thermal characteristics. On construction of block 1, are based all variants of thermal blocks for walling, for cladding of columns and concrete slabs, for window lintels, for blocks used in floor and ceiling structure and for construction of ventilation openings.

In order to have more simple solution and because of different number and sizes of hollows in block, distribution to even and odd rows has been made. Odd rows are 1,2,3,5 15 and even 2,4,6,....14. Middle cross partitions are in odd rows.

Thermal block 1 is constructed with lateral sides 2 and 2' and on their external sides with vertical projections 9 and 9', with longitudinal partitions 3 which there are 14 PCs. with cross partitions 4 in odd rows which there are four, with cross partitions 4' in even rows which there are also four, with smaller hollows 6' which are four in number in odd rows and in even row two in number, with butt sides 5 on left and 5' on right side which are constructed in odd row, there are eight of them on each side, with 7 semihollow and 7 in right side in ends of even rows and with bigger hollows 6 in even rows. The main characteristic of the block is construction of even number of hollows and even number of cross partitions in odd rows, construction of butt sides in odd rows, construction of vertical semihollows at the ends of even rows, construction of cross middle partitions in odd rows, construction of bigger hollows only in the middle of even rows, as well as construction of rectangular hollows in diagonal saturated order. Difference in size of hollows 6 and 6' is because of the correct leaning - connecting mutual hollows 7' with bigger hollows 6, which was subject to connecting butt (butt) sides 5 and 5', which caused construction of middle partitions 4. Hollow 10 made between middle partitions 4, is intended for continual diying of block during production process. External vertical projections 9 and 9' are meant for transport of blocks. Ways of heat corridors between neighboring blocks are shown with thermal lines 1' and 8. Thermal lines 1 and 1' show general condition. Thermal lines 8 and 8' show more qualitative improvement of thermal possibilities in respect to the existing state of walls.

Hollow thermal block 11 is of the same structure like block 1. The difference is that it is made with one butt (butt) side being flat 11'.

Hollow thermal half-block 12 is also made with flat butt side 12'. It is intended also to be built-in at the end of walls, beside openings like the block 11.

Hollow thermal cross half-block 13 is intended for fixing at the end of walls at the connection with concrete columns.

Hollow thermal half-blocks 12 and 13 can be made from the block 11 by cross cutting.

The characteristics of the thermal bonding block 14 are that it is made partially of No. 15 which is to be built-in in the external wall on its internal side and partially of 15', under the right angle in the middle of the part 14, which is bonding element within internal wall. Thermal line 14' goes through a part of block 15.

Angle thermal block 17 is made with sides 18 and 19, interconnected under the right angle and having thermal lines 18' and 19'. At the corner between sides are made hollows 20, which enable construction of angle thermal line 20'.

Thermal block 23 for window lintels is made of the bottom side of 24 and the thermal line 24', with lateral vertical sides 25 and 26 having thermal lines 25' and 26'. At the left angle there is thermal line 27, and at the right one the thermal line 27'.

Thermal block 28, for window lintels in the second variant, is made with a cut from block 1, with internal horizontal side 28', with semihollows on the bottom side, with big hollows 29 and 29' and with thermal lines 30 and 30'.

Thermal block 22 is intended for cladding of slabs. It is made with the respective width with thermal line 22'. Thermal longitudinal half-block 31 is intended for building-in into internal walls, it is with thermal line 31'. It is obtained during process of production by cutting block 1 longitudinally in the middle. Thermal line has length of approx. 50 cm.

Thermal angle block 18 and block for cladding of slabs 22 can be made with hollows twice as big and with greater percentage of porosity for the purpose of obtaining thermal properties on all structure areas. They are to be fixed by the concrete columns and slabs and their bearing capacity is of less importance.

Thermal facade blocks 32 is made on the same principle as block 1. It has thermal line 32'. Thermal facade block 35 differs from the block 32 because it has been made with one flat butt side 35'.

Hollow thermal block 38 for application in floor ceiling is made with seats of steel bars 39 and 39' on the left and right upper side. The block has thermal line 38'.

Filling 43 in the floor ceiling is made on the left and right end on the bottom side with seats 43' and 43".

Beam supporter 45 is constructed with 46 ion the upper side, with seats of steel bars 45' and 45" in the upper left and right angle, with 47 on the bottom side, with horizontal partitions 48, with vertical left side 49 and the right one 49', with vertical partitions 50 and hollows 51. Supporter is intended to bear loading until slab has set. If it had not bee used, blocks at the end of beams would crack. From the thermal point of view it has no important role, it can be produced in lengths up to 6cm.

Fig. 19 shows cross section of a set of blocks of floor ceiling, it is made in the complex of the block 38a and filling 43a in one part.

Thermal block 53 for application in ceiling is made with seats of steel bars 54 and 54' in the bottom side, with thermal line 53'. Its characteristic is that it is made with odd number of hollows by the upper and bottom side, there three of them in odd rows. There are two hollows in even rows. Excellent thermal characteristics have been achieved by using this block on the existing state of ceilings whose areas are not small compared to areas of walls.

Thermal channel 58 is made with the relative size with seat of steel bars 59 and 59' on the upper side and at the appropriate distance from the ends. Thermal line 58' is in the channel.

Filling of ceiling 64 is made with respective width, on the left and right end of the bottom side, with seats 64' and 64" which are semi-circular in shape, for the easier lining up during building-in.

Supporter of the beam 62 is intended to support beams made with thermal channels 58. It is made with seats of steel bars 62 and 62'. Thermal block 63 for fixing in structures with channels 56 is made with supporters 63' on the left and 63" on the right side of the upper side in a shape of projection. It is made with thermal line 58' and with hollows of the same size like in channels.

Vessel 66 for sinking blocks into synthetic mortar or other bonding component (adhesive), is made with bottom side 66', with lateral sides 67 and 67', with butt sides 68 and 69 and handles on butt sides 68' and 69' and with stoppers - supporters of blocks 70. The stoppers are approx. lmm bottom from the vessel lateral sides so that blocks would not sink into mortar more than needed. This is seen from the fig. 26. Prior to placing blocks into the vessel, mortar shall be made even with the upper edge of sides. This construction of the vessel enables sufficient quantity of mortar to be placed into it, and that blocks touch mortar only with their bottom side. The vessel shall be made in bigger size so that it could hold several blocks.

Ventilation block 71, is made with ventilation hollow 71' placed vertically in the middle of it.

Ventilation block 72 is made with semi-circular cut 72' in one butt side.

Ventilation block 73 is made with semi-circular cuts 73' and 73" on both butt sides.

Ventilation longitudinal half-block 74 is made with semi-circular cut 74' on internal side.

Ventilation cross half-block 75 is made with semi-circular cut 75'.

With ventilation blocks 71, 72 and 73 and with half-blocks 74 and 75 ventilation openings can be made, individually and one beside the other, with or without ventilation pipe, only with sinking of blocks into synthetic mortar. At the start-up block 71 or half-block 74 there should be made connection holes, which is known and which is not shown in the figures.

Facade ceramic thermal slab 76 is made on the left vertical side with inclinations 77 on the external and 77" on the internal side and between them with butt flat surface 77'. On the bottom side it is made with inclinations 78 and 78" and with flat surface 78'. On the right vertical side it is made with inclinations 79 and 79" and with the flat surface 79'. On the upper side it is made with inclinations 80 and 80" and with the flat surface 80'. Thermal bonding projections 81 are glued to the internal side of slab with layer of adhesive 82. Fixing is performed in the following way: bonding component 82' is placed over projection 81, afterwards the slab is sunk into adhesive component with its left and bottom internal surface - inclinations 77" and 78" as well as flat surfaces 77' and 78', then the bottom side is placed inclined with laying of flat surface 78' and inclination 78" on the upper side - surface 80' and inclination 80" of the bottom slab. Thus between neighboring slabs are formed horizontal and vertical bonding and sealing layers 88 and 88' as well as bonding layer 82' between projection and wall. Bonding projection in a form of lath 81' is glued to the bottom internal side of slabs and afterwards cement mortar 82" is poured in, for better sealing. External inclinations 77, 78, 79 and 80 form horizontal and vertical points. Upon fixing, surplus of bond compound shall be removed between external inclinations. Slab 76 is intended for production of clay of the better quality like Kaolin, which can be protected by varnish , with points being decoratively painted. Points with inclinations are suitable for they do not keep water.

Facade thermal ceramic tile 83 differs from the tile 76 as follows: on its sides it has one inclination 84', 85', 86' and 87' and with pertaining flat surfaces 84, 85, 86 and 87. This tile is intended for production of clay of worse visual appearance with a layer of glazing 83'. Production of tiles 76 and 83 can be performed according to the principles of production of roof tiles, by pressing profiles with inclination at ends. Composition of tile 83 is shown on fig. 65 and 66, the other details are the same as with tile 76, which could be seen from fig. 63 and 64.

From the thermal point of view the use of ceramic tiles has positive influence, for they give safe moisture protection of walls, besides between wall and tiles is performed ventilation - wall breathing and use of thermal characteristics of air. That is way, during time of construction , smaller openings are left or protective bent pipes are fixed in. Thermal bonding projections can be used of Taxizol, which has excellent mechanical strength and thermal properties similar to thermal properties of air. Due to the use of thermal characteristics of air the tile, got attribute of being thermal, for air in thickness of 2 cm in the thermal sense replaces wall of solid bricks approx. 40 cm thick.

Portable gripper for building-in of blocks has been designed for the purpose of easier execution of works. It helps exact leaning of blocks into walls, sides correctly lay and interconnect with partitions and mortar layer is not disturbed, particularly at corners between blocks of the upper and bottom row. That is way there is possibility of slipping of blocks under angle of 45 degrees, which is shown in fig. 90 by arrow (b) , after block is moved into horizontal direction by pushing it, which is shown by arrow (a).

The basic elements of the griper are: lateral sides, teethed clasp, extensions on bottom ends of sides, block supporters, axis and springs.

Fig. 67 and 69 show sides 89, which are made with hollows 91, for fixing of axis 118 with nut 118', with hollows 92 for fixing axis 120 with nuts 120', with hollows 93 for fixing of axis 119 by nuts 119', with hollows 94 for fixing spacer 121 with screws 121', with hollows 95 for connecting extension 105 and 105' with screws 122 with nuts 122' and on bottom side with inclination 97.

Right sides 90 are shown on fig. 68 and 70, they differ from left sides 89 because of hollows 92' for fixing of bottom part of teethed clasp 98 with screws 99' screwed into threaded holes 99 and with stopper 96 on which inclination 99" leans. The bottom part of the teethed clasp 98, fig. 71 and 72 is made with hollows 99 which have threads, with lateral leaned inclination 99" and with teething 100.

The upper part of the teemed clasp 101, fig. 73 and 74 is made with cut 101' in which a spring 117 is fixed, with a hole 102 for fixing of axis 120, with teething 103 and with pull end 104 intended for clasp release upon placing of block.

Extensions 105 for application on the left side, viewed longitudinally and 105' for application on the right side fig. 75-80, are made with the upper ends 106 and 106' bent in which are located holes 95' for connection with sides 89 and 90. On lateral sides are stoppers 107 and 107' which, during fixing of blocks, seize projections 9 and 91. In the bottom part are holes 109 through which by screws 112' with nuts 112" are fixed supporters of blocks 111. Left extensions 105 have on the left side stoppers 108 and with the bottom parts bent to the left side 110. Right extensions 105' have on the right side stoppers 108' and on the bottom with ends 110' bent to the right. Stoppers 108 and 108' serve as supporters for block bearers 111.

Block supporters 111 and 111' fig. 81, 82 and 89 have conical holes 112 for fixing with extensions. On the top side they have inclinations 113 and teething 114 serving for safer holding of blocks. Laying surface 115 is on the bottom side. Sliding inclination 115' is on the left side, which serves for laying of blocks under angle of 45 degrees. The round part 115' is on the bottom right side which decreases resistance in sliding during block fixing.

Spring 116 is intended for opening of gripper after block was placed in wall. The spring is fixed to the axis 119.

The spring 117 has been designed to keep safe interconnection of bottom part of clasp 98 and the upper one 101. The cut 101' is fixed to axis 120.

The axis 119 fig. 86 is with threads at the ends and narrow passages 119" serving as supporters.

The axis 118 is made in the same way as axis 119, the difference is only in length, like axis 120. The axis 119 and 120 are not separately shown in figures. On axis 118 are fixed pipes 123 which move circularly and help with easier performance of works. On the axis 119 is fixed pipe 124 serving as a spacer.

Spacers 121 with screws 121' are fixed to the lateral sides and they can be adjusted and fix the spacing between sides with 121' nuts. This is due to possible discrepancy in spacing between projection 9 on block 1. Two nuts serving as counter nuts are fixed on spacers on both sides.

Supporters 111 and 111' are replaceable as they wear and tear during operation .

The gripper operates in the following way: extensions 105 and 105' lean to one side of the block 1, which by their stoppers 107 and 107' sit around projection 9. Then sides are pulled tight by handles according to loading requirements and teething 100 and 103 get connected by the influence of spring 117. When block is lifted up, bottom parts of projections 9 and 9' lay on teething 114 and 114' of 111 and 111' supporters. When block is pushed towards the direction of the arrow, it slides at first flatly and then by right edges of bottom projections, inclinations 115' slide and secure that block sits under angle of 45 degrees. When block sits, teethed clasp releases and then end 104 and spring 116 open gripper. By height of supporters 111 and 111* it is secured that horizontal layer of mortar would not be damaged which had been already placed with wheelbarrow.

Wheelbarrow for spreading of synthetic mortar has been designed for the purpose of quicker execution of works and for placing of mortar only on surfaces of longitudinal sides and partitions of blocks, as well as on vertical surfaces of butt sides 5 and 5'. In this way problem of thermal bridges has been eliminated and breathing of internal walls, which makes possible application of vapor resistant materials on them, particularly on external surfaces. Mortar is not placed on surfaces of cross partitions, by which thermal bridges have been cut and small air voids remain among them which enable air circulation among neighboring hollows in the same longitudinal and vertical row. Ventilation will be performed by drilling holes 180 in the external side through the longitudinal partitions to the middle of the block -wall as well as in the upper internal side also to the middle of the block, taking care to avoid drilling of one or two longitudinal partitions. This ventilation is important for cooling of external walls during summer periods and air stream 183 passes in and out through 183 filter. Ventilation and vapor collecting is made through filter - cloth bag with perlite 183, fixed in a metal casing 180, which together with sealing rubber 181 fixed in the external part of 180 hollow. Filter will dry under the influence of external temperature and warm air from walls and when air is inserted into walls, it will collect vapor, which makes internal part of walls dry. For vapor discharge large movement of air is not required, therefore holes in the filter and pipes for fixing of casing need not have large diameter. All this is made possible by application of wheelbarrow for spreading of mortar, which enables more qualitative cement mortar to be used for brick walling, of the better bearing capacity, under the condition that it does not pour out during spreading, which can be solved by use of additives.

Walling with the use of wheelbarrow is suitable for external walls and walls towards unheated staircase as well as for internal bearing walls. Internal walls with the use of half-blocks can be easily built with use of synthetic mortar. Layers of mortar 36a are directly placed into walls by pulling wheelbarrow. On the surfaces of butt vertical sides - (5), layers of mortar are poured over previously set blocks by second set of guides (three tied together), afterwards blocks are transferred and fixed into wall, together with mortar layer 36b. Structural components of wheelbarrow are: bearing frame with interconnected cross tied sides, axis with built-in rubber wheels, bearing metal sheet, sitting element, teethed latch, casing for mortar and set of guides.

The axis 125, fig. 91 and 92, is made at the ends with cross cuts 1.25' with circular cuts 125" and with hollows 126 with threads.

Circular teethed element 127 has longitudinal hole 127', with a stiffening hole 127", and with teething 128.

The axis 129 has at its ends narrow passages 130, serving as stopper, with longitudinal hole 129' having threads with cross holes 131.

Stopper 132, shown within construction in fig. 121 has longitudinal hole 132' and fixing hole 132".

Pulling rubber wheel 133, fig. 96 and 97 has a widen part 133', with a hole 134, with internal projection 135 and with internal circular projection 136.

Rubber wheel 137 has a widen part 137', with longitudinal hole 138 which, at its right end has internal circular projection 138', with circular cut 139 and with stopper 139'.

Fig. 100-102 show bearing metal sheet 140 in set with leaning element 145. Bearing metal sheet has supporters 140' and 140" having holes 142 and vertical elliptical holes 143. Fixing holes 141 are on the inclined side. Metal sheet is treated in a way shown here.

Leaning element 145 has supporters 145' and 145" at a defined distance so that the wheelbarrow would avoid side vibration. Fixing holes 141" are in the metal sheet.

Mortar casing 146, fig. 10 and 104, has lateral sides 148 and 148' with vertical side 147 having holes 150 for fixing guide supporters, with inclined side 147' with bottom vertical part 149 and the upper part 147".

Stoppers metal sheet fig. 105-107, viewed longitudinally from the back side, have metal sheet 151 on the left side with holes 152 with vertical leaning part 153, with inclined part 154, with bottom vertical part 155 serving as a stopper and with a bent part 156. The right stoppers metal sheet 151' is made contrary to inclined parts 154' and 156'.

Guide supporters 157 has a fixing hole 157' and bottom bent part 158.

Guide holder 159, fig. 110 and 111 has fixing holes 159' and upper bent part 160.

Guide cover 161, fig. 112 and 113, has 161' cuts and 161" holes and bottom bent part 162 on which side is spring holder 162'.

The axis seat 163, fig. 114 and 115, has a widen circular part 164' with 164 hole on the right side with thread. Guide set 165, fig. 116 and 117, has 165' fixing holes, with side 166 and inclined upper parts 166', with cover supporters 167 with 167' holes. Spring holder 167" is on the side, with vertical side 170, with the bottom closed part 169' and with outlets 169 between exit sides 168 and 168'. Set of guides is intended for spreading of mortar layer 36a. Set of guides 165", fig. 118 and 119, differs from the set 165 for it has more guides (three of them tied up together), it is intended for spreading of layers of mortar 36b on vertical butt sides of blocks, prior to being built-in into wall.

Structural body of wheelbarrow, fig. 120-129 is with interconnection of sides of frame 171 and 171' and cross holders 172 whose ends are drown through holes 171" and screws 172' fixed in them. The axis 129 is drown through holes 174 in the frame, through holes 142 in supporters 140' and 140", through holes 132' of the stopper 132, which is fixed to the axis by 131', drown through hole 132" and hole 131. Wheels 137 with bushings 177 and holder 178 are fixed at the end of axis 129 and tightened by screw 129" through washing 178' and hole 129'. The axis is fixed to the frame with welds 176. Wheel 137 together with bushing and holder turns around the axis. Washers 178' lean on butt sides of axis and are fixed. Holder 178 with cuts 130 moves freely. Seats 173 are fixed into holes 175 and tightened with screws 163', through their holes 164, through holes 143 in supporters and through hole 127' of the teethed element is drawn axis 125 which is fixed to the axis by screw 126'. Rubber wheels 133 are fixed at the end of axis which by their projections 135 get into 125' cuts and by projections 136 get into 125" cuts. Bearing metal sheet 140 is connected to axis 129 and 125 through holes 142 and 143. By bolts 141' drown through holes 141, 141" and 146' are interconnected bearing metal sheet and leaning element to the inclined side 147' of the casing 146. The ends of handrails 173 are drown through holes 144 in supporters 140' and 140" and fixed with nuts 173'. Metal sheet stoppers 151 and 151' are fixed to the lateral sides of frame with bolts 152' drown through holes 152 and holes in frame 152". The supporter of guide set 157 is fixed at the lower right ends of casing 146 through holes 157' and holes 150 by bolts 157". Holders 159 are fixed through holes 159' and 165' in guide sets with bolts 159". Guide cover 161 is connected to cover holder 167 with axis 179. Spring 162" for holding cover in the upper or lower position is connected with one end to the holder 162' and with the other one to the holder 167".

By drawing wheelbarrow by means of handrails 173 mortar poured in casing 146 is being spread in a shape of a triangle onto the height of 8 mm. By moving the wheelbarrow the rubber wheels 133 turn the axis 125. The end with guides moves upwards and downwards and by doing this speed up pouring of mortar from guides and safer sticking to blocks. Shape of holes 143 enables casing to move up and down. Withdraw of frame is done through holes 142. On axis 125 the role of stoppers play ends of teethed element and seat 163. On the axis 129 the same role have stoppers 132 and frame sides 171 and 171'. Stoppers 151 and 151' in combination with widening 133' and 137' define direction of moving of the wheelbarrow, and bent ends 156 and 156' of metal sheet 151 and 151' take also part in that. Prior to moving the wheelbarrow from one wall to the another, outlets 169 shall be closed with the cover 161 so that mortar would not poured out.

Fig. 28 and 29 show a civil structure in which external ground and floor walls have been built with hollow thermal blocks 1 and 11 and hollow thermal half-blocks 12 and 13. Floor ceiling consists of beams made of hollow thermal blocks 38 with filling 43 and with supporters 45 at their ends. Window lintel is made of thermal block 23. The ceiling consists of beams made with thermal blocks 53. The concrete column at the corner is cladded with thermal angle blocks 17. Floor concrete slab 52 and ceiling 57 are cladded with thermal blocks 22. It means that we have here shown a thermal protection of a complete structure.

Fig. 14 show view of half-block 31 with a layer of synthetic mortar 36 on bottom and 36' on vertical butt sides. After being sinked, block together with mortar is being built-in into wall. In this way by mortar are interconnected lateral sides and all longitudinal and cross partitions along horizontal line and butt sides along vertical line, which interconnect - leave open semihollows and hollows. Interconnection of semihollows and hollows is shown in fig. 30-34. Vertical layer of mortar 36' interconnects but sides 5 and 5', which interconnects semihollows 7 and 7' into joint hollow 7". Middle partitions 4 and bottom end of hole 10 leans on connection of butt sides 5 and 5', big hollows 6 are connected with joint hollows 7". When the whole wall is built, hollows are interconnected from the floor to the ceiling surface. By connecting semihollows 7 and 7', thermal line 1" is made possible, which has a little bigger length than thermal line 1'. This is a key fact in the whole process. Thermal lines 8', fig. 36, are made between neighboring blocks, which are of the same length as line 8.

By use of synthetic mortar, applied by wheelbarrow, thermal bridges are completely eliminated.

Interconnection of external wall with internal wall is made in the following way: thermal half-block 31 is built-in into external part of external wall and in the internal part is built-in block 14 with a part of 15 parallel with half-block 31. Part 15' is fixed into internal wall. Between block 31 and 1 thermal line 16 is made and between part 15 and block 1 thermal line 16' is realized. These lines jointly continue.

Fig. 37 and 38 show method of cladding of concrete column 17" with steel bars 17'. The cladding is made with angle thermal blocks 17. Between blocks 17 and 13 is realized thermal line 21. L this way concrete column is thermally protected. Cladding of floor concrete slab 52 and ceiling 57 is made with thermal blocks 22 and angle blocks 17. Between blocks 22 and 17 and between neighboring thermal blocks 22 are thermal lines 21' and 21".

Walling with thermal facade blocks 32 and 35, fig. 41 and 42, is done in the same way as with hollow thermal half-blocks with sinking them into synthetic mortar or other bonding component. Connection of blocks to wall surface - anchoring, is made with insertion of sponge 33 in a shape of a letter U with opening on the upper side, between walls in empty space. Bond compound 33' is poured in opening of the sponge. As a bond compound can be used Tahizon in a shape of foam, which after fast hardening has excellent mechanical and thermal characteristics. Sponge in a shape of a letter U serves to hold bond compound until it hardens and connects to wall surfaces. A number of anchors shall be fixed at corners because of window loads. Connection projections 81 can be also here used. Thermal properties achieved by this method in respect to a classical wall built with solid or classic facade blocks are better for more than 50%.

Fig. 43-46 show method of construction of window lintel, with blocks 28 in the second variant. Blocks are interconnected with steel bars 23' and bonding 23" and sealing layer of synthetic mortar 37. Concrete beam 24" is in the window lintel. For this construction are used end blocks 28 with hollows in vertical position, while other middle blocks are built with hollows in horizontal position. Concrete beam is connected with blocks in lower wall row. The condition for use of this block is that it is in a rectangular shape, which means that its dimensions are 25 cm long and 25 cm high. However, the basis of solution is that blocks are manufactured in shape of a cubic with width of 25 cm, by which improved thermal characteristics can be achieved in the technology of porosity.

Fig. 47 and 48 show floor ceiling. Thermal blocks 38 with supporters 45 at the end of beams are interconnected with steel bars 40 and 40'. Sealing between blocks 43 is with layers of synthetic mortar 41. Connection between end blocks and beam supporters is with a layer of synthetic mortar 41'. Bonding cement line 44 is between blocks 38 and filling 43. Fillings 43 with their sits 43' and 43" lean on the upper sides of sits of steel bars 39 and 39'. Fillings are interconnected with layer of synthetic mortar 44'. The complete beams is made in this way. Sealing layer 44' between fillings 43 is intended to prevent breaking of beams during transport and to withhold working loading during casting of concrete slab 52. Layers of synthetic mortar 41" are poured on side of one lateral side of beam. Layer 41" can be applied only on middle and upper side, for on the bottom side can be used ceiling mortar 65. Joint thermal line 42 is between beams. Good thermal protection is achieved by method of sealing between blocks and beams. This is intended for ceilings having height of 25 cm. Fig. 49 show cross section of ceiling built with thermal blocks 53, mesh wire 57' and concrete slab 57. Blocks within beams are interconnected from the bottom side with steel bars 55 and bond 55'. Sealing between lateral sides of beams is done in the same way as in the ceiling. Joint thermal line 56 is between beams. This ceiling could be made with height of 20 cm, and the block height could be 16 cm. Thermal results in respect to the existing condition justify the increase in quantity of steel bars. Since blocks are used with hollows in horizontal position, block is made with three hollows in odd rows.

Fig. 50 shows ceiling in the second variant. It is made with channels 58, blocks 63, filling 64 and with beam supporter 62. Channels are interconnected with steel bars 60 and bond 60', as well as supporters 62 fixed at the end of beams. Supporters are not shown in figures. Thermal blocks 63 are fixed on beams placed, which by their supporters 63' and 63" lean onto the upper end of channels beside reinforcement sit. Onto blocks 63 laid in line is placed cement strip 44', and afterwards are put in line fillings 64, which by their sits 64' and 64" lean onto the upper side of the reinforcement sit 59 and 59' of channels 58. Thermal lines 61 are between channels and thermal blocks 63. Lateral sealing between beams with channels and blocks is made difficult because of the method of laying blocks. It can be made by insertion of sponge strips sticked along the beam side of thermal channels. This is not separately shown in figures, as the solution is well known.

In floor ceiling and ceiling structures blocks 38 and channels 58 have role of bearing elements and their thermal bottom parts are suspended, block 63 is suspended element, which represents something new. New standards are needed for solving of loading capacity and total bearing capacity for these ceilings. For the use of these blocks can be used reinforcement from the bottom side as for the application of blocks 53.

Method of industrial and other application of the Innovation

It can be concluded that no particular knowledge and instructions are needed for fabrication and application of hollow thermal clay blocks and tools for brick walling. Knowledge, possessed by average experts from the field of the Civil and Mechanical Engineering, is only required.

According to the solutions of thermal clay blocks, blocks made of breeze and brick breakage can be used for basement walls. Respective molds shall be made for this purpose. In the same way can be fabricated also silicate facade blocks, which gives particular possibilities in use of adhesive for walling in less quantities with sinking, for they have exact dimensions and flat surfaces. The sides and extensions of the portable gripper shall be made of elastic and stainless metal sheet. All metal elements must be made of stainless metal. Handrails pipes to be made of hard plastic.

For production of wheels for wheelbarrow it should be used technology solution rubber/plastic. Axis sits and bushings to be made of brass. All metal sheets, screws, nuts, axis, cross holders and handrails to be made of stainless metal. Mortar casing, guide sets and set supporters to be made of plastic of good quality so that mortar would not stick to it during operation.

By mortar density it is possible to control its adhesion to partitions and sides of blocks. Quickness and quantity of mortar pouring out, during spreading with wheelbarrow, is controlled by mortar density.

Use of blocks with better thermal characteristics in hot weather periods causes drops in temperature in structures. By use of blocks with openings for vapor resistant pipes for keeping stabile internal temperature, it is needed diffusion of hot air from outside with a little weaker compression, passed through a bowl with water and net to be freed from dust and by breaking into bulbs to get ozone which is refreshing for human body. Thermostat shall be used for complete solution, which would open or close openings in a certain premise and switch on compressor. This solution is technically possible, it is convenient because of little consumption of electric power during operation and it is simple in respect to the existing air-conditioning systems. The most convenient solution for compressor is with two eights for it gives long lasting and safe operation.

Windows which can be opened could be- fabricated with frames according to the appearance of thermal line 8 for use of thermal characteristics of air in several layers. Windows which do not open, specially convenient for use in building industrial halls, could be fabricated by connecting profiles of transparent materials according to the appearance of thermal line 8 and by use of thermal frames, as per thermal line 1', with application of sealing materials. Thermal doors can be manufactured with application of profiles as per thermal line 8 and with application of thermal frames and frame materials. Purpose of fabrication of thermal doors and windows is to equalize their thermal properties with characteristics of walls and ceilings.

The other essential items are mentioned in the description.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. The hollow thermal block of clay 1, made with lateral sides 2 and 2' and longitudinal partitions 3, the features of which are: that it is provided with even number of cross partitions (4) in odd rows, with even number of small voids (6), with a hole (10) and with sides (5) & (5') at abutting parts; that it is provided with even number of cross partitions (4') in even rows, with even number of small voids (6'), with a bigger void (6) and with half-voids (7) in left and (7') in right vertical abutting side; that it is provided with projections (9) and (9') at lateral sides; that a thermal line (8) has been produced in the block, so that due to difference in size of voids (6) & (6'), created by partitions (4) in the middle, and by sides (5) and (5') and half-voids (7) and (7') fully applicable solution for thermal purposes has been obtained.

2. The hollow thermal corner block 17, as per patent requirement 1, the features of which are: that a corner void (20) has been obtained at the right angle between adjacent sides (18) & (19) as well as a thermal line (20').

3. The hollow thermal block of the floor ceiling 38, as per patent requirement 1, t h e features of which are: that in left and right upper corners it is provided with steel bar seats (39) & (39'), top sides of which are in the form of filling bearing, and the whole unit has been executed as a suspended element.

4. The hollow thermal channel 58, as per patent requirements 1 and 3, the features of which are: that the steel bar seats (59) & (59')are executed at some distance from the left and right end of the top side and that the end parts next to seats are executed in the form of bearing.

5. The hollow thermal block of the ceiling 53, as per patent requirement 1, which is provided with steel bar seats 54 & 54'at the bottom side, the features of which are: that in odd rows, except on the bottom end, it is provided with odd number of voids and in even rows - with even number of voids.

6. Thermal ceramic tile 76 of the face wall, the features of which are: that at the ends of external side it is provided with bevels (77), (78), (79), & (80) and at the ends of internal side - with bevels (77"), (78"), (79") & (80") with flat surfaces (77'), (78'), (79'), & (80') between them.

7. Application of hollow thermal blocks of clay, the features of which are: that external walls of a building are executed with hollow thermal blocks (1) & (11) and hollow thermal semi-blocks (12) & (13), with bonding horizontal layer of synthetic mortar (36a) and vertical one (36b), thus joining semi-voids (7) & (7') between each other into common voids (7") connected with voids (6); that small voids (6') are vertically inter-connected; that the common thermal lines (1") between abutting sides of the blocks are produced; that the common thermal lines (8') through adjacent blocks are produced; that in the floor ceiling are embedded thermal beams made of blocks (38), filling (43) and beam girders (45); that sealing between blocks is executed with layers of synthetic mortar (41), (41') & (44") and lateral sealing between beams with layers (41"); that joining between beams and filling (43) is achieved by means of bonding strip of cement mortar (44) and that theπnal line (42) is produced between beams; that concrete column lining (17")is executed with corner thermal blocks (17) with thermal line (21) produced between them and blocks in wall; that joining of external and internal wall is achieved with bonding blocks (14) with thermal line (16') produced between the part of the block (15) from the block (14) and the block (1) which is extended by thermal line (16) produced between blocks (1) and semi-blocks (31); that internal walls have been executed with theπnal semi-blocks (31) which are interconnected with horizontal layers of synthetic mortar (36) and vertical ones (36'); that blocks(23)are incorporated in thermal lintel; that thermal facing wall bricks (32) & (35) are connected with thermal bond (33') and sponge (33) in a form of "U" letter and that a common thermal line (34) has been produced between bricks; that beams made of blocks (53) have been incorporated in the ceiling structure and that common theπnal lines (56)are produced between beams; that lining of the floor slab (52) and ceiling (57) is executed by means of thermal blocks (22) and corner blocks (17).

8. The structure of thermal lintel as per second alternative, according to the patent requirement 7, t h e f e a t u r e s of which are: that the end blocks (28) are built-in with vertically oriented voids, the concrete beam (24") being connected to the blocks in the bottom part of the wall through the segments of end blocks.

9. The structure of the ceiling, as per second alternative, in accordance with patent requirement 7, t h e f e a t u r e s of which are: that the incorporated thermal beams are executed with channels (58) and girders (62) with embedded blocks (63) between beams, the supports (63') & (63") of which rest on upper lateral ends of the channel; that filling (64) has been embedded above the blocks, the segments (64') & (64") of which rest on top sides of the steel bar seats (59') & (59) and the channel (58).

10. Application of thermal ceramic tiles for the face wall (83), as per patent requirements 6 & 7, t h e f e a t u r e s of which are: that the structural assembly is achieved by connecting tiles with thermal bonding projections (81) with bonds (82) & (82') from the external side of the walls; that at the bottom of the first course of tiles, joining is achieved by thermal bonding projection in the form of stave (81') with sealing by a layer of cement mortar (82"); that bevels (85') & (87') are connected horizontally to flat surfaces (85) & (87) by a layer of glue (88); that bevels (84') & (86') are connected vertically to flat surfaces (84) & (86).

11. Sheet metal container for synthetic mortar 66, as per patent requirement 7, provided with bottom 66 lateral sides 67 & 67', front sides 68 & 69 and handles 68' & 69' t h e f e a t u r e s of which are: that bearing spacers (70) are fixed at the bottom, in lower plane compared to lateral sides (67) & (67').

12. The structure of portable grippers for carrying blocks, as per patent requirements 1 and 7, comprising pipes 123 fixed on the axis 118, pipe 124 and spring 116 fixed on the axis 119, spring 117 fixed on the axis 120, t h e f e a t u r e s of which are: that joining of the sides (89) & (90) to each other is achieved by means of the axes (118) & (119) and spacers 121; that sides (89) are also inter-connected by the bottom part of toothed coupling (98) by means of bolts (99'); that between sides (90) the upper part of the toothed coupling (101) is fixed, through the hole of which (102) the axis (120) is pulled through and fixed by screws (120'); that bottom parts of sides (89) & (90)are fastened to splices (105) & (105') by means of bolts (122) and nuts (122'); that splices (105) & (105') are fastened to blocks supports (111) & (111') by means of bolts (112') and nuts (112") through the holes (112) and (109).

13. The structure of the cart for synthetic mortar, as per patent requirements 1 and 7, is provided with spacer 132 fixed to the axis 129 by means of a mandrel 131' and with toothed element 127 fixed to the axis 125 by means of bolts 126' t h e f e a t u r e s of which are: that the axis (129) is installed into the holes (174) and (142) and fixed to the sides of the frame by welds (176); that rubber wheels (137) with bushings (177) and holders (178) are fixed to its ends by means of bolts (129") through washers (178'), screwed into the holes (129); that the holes (175) are provided with bearings (163') which are fixed with nuts (163'); that the axis (125) is installed into bearings (163) and provided with wheels (133) at its ends; that lateral sides of the frame (171) & (171') are connected by cross holders (172); that both contact element (145) through the holes (141") and bearing plate (140) through the holes (141)are fixed to the oblique back side (147') of the casing (146) through the holes (146') by means of rivets (141'); that supports are embedded into right bottom side of the casing; that the set of guide rails (165) are provided with holders (159), cover of guide openings (161) and spring (162"); that by connecting supports (157) and holders (159) to the casing (146) set of guide rails (165) are provided; that boundary plates (151) & (151') are fixed to lateral sides of the frame; that the supports (145') & (145") of the contact element (145) repose on serrature (128) of the element (127).

14. The method of application of synthetic mortar as per the base alternative, according to patent requirement 7, t h e f e a t u r e s of which are: that the blocks are put into vessel (66) containing synthetic mortar or glue, previously prepared and smoothed, with their bottom sides and one of the front sides immersed; that thereafter the blocks are embedded into the wall, thus insuring joining of all partitions, sides and voids, which results in solving problems of thermal bridges and producing inter-related theπnal lines.

15. The method of application of synthetic mortar as per second alternative, according to patent requirement 7, t h e f e a t u r e s of which are: that synthetic mortar is poured into the receptacle of the cart, from which it is by pulling the handrail of the cart (173) and by simultaneous operation of the mechanism - latch, emptying quickly enough and in appropriate quantities through the openings (169) of the set of guide rails (165) and distributed over the longitudinal sides and partitions of the blocks for wall; that by application of the guide rails (165") the mortar is spread over one side of abutting parts of the blocks arranged in a position, and that after that blocks are by means of grippers embedded into the wall; that openings of guide rails are closed with the cover (161) when moving the cart from wall to wall.