WO2003081068A1 - Friction pairing - Google Patents
Friction pairing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003081068A1 WO2003081068A1 PCT/EP2003/002329 EP0302329W WO03081068A1 WO 2003081068 A1 WO2003081068 A1 WO 2003081068A1 EP 0302329 W EP0302329 W EP 0302329W WO 03081068 A1 WO03081068 A1 WO 03081068A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- friction
- steel
- pairing according
- partner
- alloy
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical group [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052575 non-oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001275902 Parabramis pekinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010010144 Completed suicide Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
- F16D23/02—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
- F16D23/025—Synchro rings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a friction pairing for a synchronizing device in gear change transmissions, in which a synchronizing ring and a coupling ring are directly or via a friction ring arranged on their respective conical friction surfaces, in order to achieve synchronism with each other, form-fittingly coupled drive means, a frictional connection being made, at least one of the friction partners consists of an iron material.
- the gearwheel which is freely rotatable on the shaft, is brought into synchronization with the shaft by axially pressing a synchronizer ring on a coupling ring assigned to the gearwheel, the transmission of the forces being carried out by one on the shaft non-rotatable but axially displaceable sliding sleeve via an axial or radial locking and / or driver teeth on the synchronizer ring.
- the gearwheel is then positively connected to the shaft by further axial displacement of the sliding sleeve, which then engages in a driving toothing of the coupling ring.
- the synchronizer ring has external-conical or internal-conical friction surfaces that come into contact with corresponding mating surfaces on the coupling ring when the synchronizer ring is pressed axially, and produce the synchronism required to maintain the positive clutch by maintaining the frictional flow.
- double a friction ring can be arranged between these friction surfaces.
- Friction linings of this type are known from a large number of prior publications, as the following list shows:
- the mating surface of a friction pair in friction clutches is usually made of steel with a smooth surface and high surface hardness.
- DE-OS 25 38 882 In order to avoid these difficulties during hardening, it has already been proposed in DE-OS 25 38 882 to spray a coating of mangled carbon steel onto the steel counter-cone.
- DE 44 45 898 A1 has disclosed a friction pairing for a synchronizing device of a gear change transmission, in which both friction partners consist of an iron material.
- these similar friction partners must have a wear-resistant carbide-rich edge zone, which is achieved by carburizing and nitriding, nitriding or nitrocarburizing.
- These thermochemical treatment methods of the friction partners make a synchronizing device disproportionately expensive.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a friction pairing, the friction partner of which is made of an iron material can be produced as inexpensively as possible.
- this object is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 1 in conjunction with its preamble in that the iron material has a hardness of 180-350 HV.
- This low hardness makes the thermal or thermochemical treatment required to increase hardness unnecessary according to the prior art. On the one hand, this saves energy and on the other hand, warping of the friction cones does not have to be compensated for in a complex manner.
- the iron material should be designed very widely in the sense of the invention.
- the iron material is an untreated steel, it being clear from claim 3 that this steel is an unalloyed structural steel, an unalloyed case hardening and tempering steel, a low-alloy steel or a high-alloy steel.
- 4 steels of the brands C45, 75Cr1 or 16MnCr5 are mentioned as concrete steel grades. From claims 5 to 9 it emerges that a wide variety of material combinations are conceivable as associated other friction partners. According to claim 5, the second friction partner should have a molybdenum layer.
- molybdenum layers are applied as surface protective layers because they have a high resistance to the adhesion when paired with steel and have a constant coefficient of friction over the entire service life.
- a friction cone provided with a molybdenum coating is described in DE-OS 25 38 882.
- the associated other friction partner is a silicate, an oxide or a non-oxide ceramic material.
- ceramic materials the high hardness and heat hardness as well as favorable wear properties are particularly interesting in this case.
- the expert also knows that ceramics are chemically stable and inert to additives in gear oil.
- ceramics have good emergency running properties if there is insufficient lubrication.
- silicate-ceramic materials are products based on the compounds of silica.
- the technically most important representatives of the oxide-ceramic materials are aluminum oxide Al 2 0 3 and zirconium oxide Zr0 2 .
- Non-oxide ceramic materials include carbides, nitrides, borides and suicides, which are also commonly referred to as hard materials.
- the associated other friction partner can be an iron-based sintered alloy.
- iron alloys are well known to the person skilled in the art and therefore have not been described in detail here.
- Synchronizer rings made of sintered iron alloys can be found, for example, in DE 195 22 473, DE 195 36 188 and DE 198 17 037.
- the associated other friction partner can also be a chromium-iron alloy.
- the advantage Such an alloy partner consists in particular in that it is very temperature-resistant. Such an alloy also has a low tendency to seize and works perfectly even with high surface loads. It is also advantageous that this chromium-iron alloy is very inexpensive. Such a chromium-iron alloy is described in great detail with its advantageous effects and different compositions in DE 135 489 A1.
- the associated other friction partner should be a copper alloy, the term copper alloy also being interpreted very broadly in the sense of the invention. Such alloys have proven themselves for a long time because they are characterized by a good combination of friction coefficient, wear resistance and mechanical strength. Special brasses and bronzes are known to the person skilled in the art. Alloys of this type are sufficiently known from DE 11 54643, DE 12 05 285, DE 16 52 862, DE 44 43666, DE 195 39 498 and DE 195 48 124.
- the single drawing shows a cross section of a friction pairing shown in sections in a synchronizing device for gear change transmissions.
- the synchronizer ring shown in section is denoted by 1 and the dome ring also shown in section by 6.
- the synchronizer ring 1 has the base body 2, which on its inner conical lateral surface before the friction lining 3 is provided.
- the synchronizer ring 1 is provided radially with the driver toothing 4, by means of which it is connected in a rotationally fixed but axially displaceable manner to a shaft via a sliding sleeve (not shown).
- a corresponding toothing of the sliding sleeve engages in the radial drive toothing 7 of the coupling ring 6 for the positive connection of the shaft and coupling ring 6.
- the synchronism between the synchronizing ring 1 and the coupling ring 6 required for the positive connection is established by a cone clutch, ie the synchronizer ring 1 is also included an inner cone and the coupling ring 6 with an outer cone, which have the corresponding friction surfaces 5 and 8, the friction surface 5 being formed by the friction lining 3.
- the friction lining 3 is a molybdenum layer, the friction lining 3 being applied to the synchronizer ring 1 by thermal spraying, that is to say a coating method in which a spray material in the form of wire or powder is melted inside or outside a spraying device is sprayed onto the surface of the synchronizing ring to be coated at high speed.
- the inner cone surface of the synchronizer ring 1 to be coated is not melted or melted on, so that it heats up only slightly during the spraying and therefore no thermal distortion can occur.
- the dome ring 6 belonging to the synchronizer ring 1 is made of 80Cr2 in the present exemplary embodiment, that is to say it has a carbon content of 0.8% and a chromium content of 0.5%.
- the coupling ring 6 is produced without cutting by a drawing process which can be carried out very precisely, so that only an insignificant exciting post-processing is required.
- This coupling ring 6 made of steel has a hardness of 200 HV as a soft part and is used in this form in a synchronizing device. It shows that the measure for the life of a friction pair, namely the course of the coefficient of friction of the iron material as a function of the switching cycle, takes a very favorable course.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
- Gears, Cams (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03744789A EP1485630A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2003-03-07 | Friction pairing |
BR0303649-9A BR0303649A (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2003-03-07 | Friction Pairing |
AU2003210431A AU2003210431A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2003-03-07 | Friction pairing |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10212489.2 | 2002-03-21 | ||
DE2002112489 DE10212489A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2002-03-21 | friction pairing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003081068A1 true WO2003081068A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
Family
ID=27797988
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/002329 WO2003081068A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2003-03-07 | Friction pairing |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1485630A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003210431A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0303649A (en) |
DE (1) | DE10212489A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL209020B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003081068A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005035941B3 (en) † | 2005-07-28 | 2007-04-19 | Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co.Kg | Synchronizer ring package |
DE102007058573A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-10 | Schaeffler Kg | Synchronization device for change speed gearbox of motor vehicle, has synchronizing ring and wheel facing each other, where inner surface or outer surface of ring is molded with plastic material, which serves as friction lining |
DE102009059840A1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2011-07-14 | Schaeffler Technologies GmbH & Co. KG, 91074 | Friction pair for clutch element in synchronization device for switching gear wheels in toothed wheel change gear box in vehicle, has friction partner provided as metal, and other partner comprising friction element, which is based on resin |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4943321A (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 1990-07-24 | Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Synchronizer ring in speed variator made of iron-base sintered alloy |
US5249661A (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1993-10-05 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Synchronizer ring |
US5337872A (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1994-08-16 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Synchronizer ring |
US6261389B1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2001-07-17 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Synchronizer ring |
DE10006168A1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2001-08-23 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg | Friction pairing used for a synchronizing device in a toothed wheel gear changing drive comprises a synchronizing ring and a coupling ring which are nitrided and/or nitrocarburized so that a connecting layer is formed |
DE10035489A1 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-01-31 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg | Friction assembly for transmission of motion used, e.g., in motor vehicle gear boxes includes an element comprising a base body and a chromium-iron alloy friction coating |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07110037A (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 1995-04-25 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Synchronizer ring |
FR2775744B1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2000-05-05 | Renault | FRICTION PIECE HAVING A COMPOSITE FRICTION SURFACE LOADED WITH HARD PARTICLES, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND DEVICE INCLUDING SUCH A PIECE |
-
2002
- 2002-03-21 DE DE2002112489 patent/DE10212489A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-03-07 EP EP03744789A patent/EP1485630A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-03-07 WO PCT/EP2003/002329 patent/WO2003081068A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-03-07 PL PL371039A patent/PL209020B1/en unknown
- 2003-03-07 BR BR0303649-9A patent/BR0303649A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-03-07 AU AU2003210431A patent/AU2003210431A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4943321A (en) * | 1987-03-13 | 1990-07-24 | Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Synchronizer ring in speed variator made of iron-base sintered alloy |
US5249661A (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1993-10-05 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Synchronizer ring |
US5337872A (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 1994-08-16 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Synchronizer ring |
US6261389B1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2001-07-17 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Synchronizer ring |
DE10006168A1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2001-08-23 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg | Friction pairing used for a synchronizing device in a toothed wheel gear changing drive comprises a synchronizing ring and a coupling ring which are nitrided and/or nitrocarburized so that a connecting layer is formed |
DE10035489A1 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-01-31 | Schaeffler Waelzlager Ohg | Friction assembly for transmission of motion used, e.g., in motor vehicle gear boxes includes an element comprising a base body and a chromium-iron alloy friction coating |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1485630A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
DE10212489A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
PL371039A1 (en) | 2005-06-13 |
PL209020B1 (en) | 2011-07-29 |
BR0303649A (en) | 2004-07-13 |
AU2003210431A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
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