WO2003076790A1

WO2003076790A1 - Process and synthesizer for molecular engineering and synthesis of materials

Info

Publication number: WO2003076790A1
Application number: PCT/IN2002/000165
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan
Original assignee: Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan
Priority date: 2002-03-13
Filing date: 2002-08-07
Publication date: 2003-09-18
Also published as: GB2397782A; CN1585853A; GB0409287D0; JP2005519742A; GB2397782B

Abstract

A novel process of molecular engineering of materials for synthesis using electron excitations and a synthesizer capable of carrying out the process of electron excitations effectively is given in the specification. The synthesizer changes the properties of the material and also act as an electronic catalytic convertor or a fluid or fuel reformulator or as a heat pump for altering the kinetics of chemical reactions, performance of internal combustion engines, heat engine cycles and finds wide use in multivarious applications including emission control, clean energy production, synthesize of new products, generation of LASER beam using carbondioxide in the automobile exhaust, water treatment plants, refrigeration machines, Communications, etc.

Description

PROCESS AND SYNTHESIZER FOR MOLECULAR ENGINEERING AND

SYNTHESIS OF MATERIALS.

Technical field

This invention relates to molecular engineering of the materials enabling control of synthesis, catalysis, combustion, emissions from combustion and heat engine cycle performance. This invention is also directed to a novel process and construction of a synthesizer for molecular engmeering of the fluids and chemicals to control catalysis, combustion, emissions from combustion and the performance of any heat engine cycle or chemical process.

Background and prior art

The physical property, chemical property, charge transfer and the state of an element or a compound, molecular structure, bond orientations, bond strength prior to a chemical reaction determines the chemical kinetics, the end products, it's yield in a chemical process and the efficiency of operation of a heat engine cycle or a machine for a given energy input. By changing the properties, the state of an element or a compound through charge transfer, molecular engineering prior to a chemical reaction process commencement or during a process in a machine, it is possible to control the chemical kinetics namely the rate constant, reaction time, reaction rate, the end products, it's yield mass balance, heat transfer and also enhance the performance or efficiency of a machine or heat engine cycle using such element or the compound for the energy exchange.

Catalysis and synthesis are achieved at present by making use of chemicals or elements, which do not directly participate in the reactions. The chemicals or the elements influence oxidation, reduction, acceleration, deceleration, mass balance of the process at low temperatures and pressures initializing the process from unexcited conditions. Similarly, the process of combustion of fuels, heat transfer by liquids, gases or materials and most of the processes are initiated only from unexcited states of their molecules. At present, no single process or a single device is known to benefit, control or influence catalysis, synthesis, combustion, heat transfer by fluids, heat engine cycles performance, refrigeration cycle operation, vehicular emissions, internal combustion engine performance, chemical processes, change of physical properties and state of material, fuel or materials reformulation or rearrangement of molecular structure, synthesis for Laser beam generation, synthesis for hydrogen production, fuel cells efficiency enhancement, electricity production, communication, benefits of heat pump with multi various applications and uses at economical cost Combustion emissions are mostly controlled by post treatment of the wasted exhaust with an oxidation or reduction catalysts or combination of both. No single process or single device is known to pre treat all the fuels for enabling clean combustion by exciting the molecules and by changing the kinetics of combustion for reduced emissions without using a chemical, noble metal .catalyst or an additive. No process is known wherein catalysis is effected without the use of a chemical or an element as the catalyst. No single process or a single device is known for doing all the work namely to heat the refrigerant, fuels, fluid or materials during flow and also for changing their physical properties for better control, changing kinetics of the process for improved efficiency. No process or device is known to make use of the abundantly and continuously generated carbon di oxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen gases from the automobile exhaust for the synthesis and malting it suitable for the generation of laser beam which could be used for better navigation, collision prevention, pre treating the fuels and laser beam ignition in the engine cylinders for precision flame travel and combustion control. No process are device is known for use as a common catalytic converter for all the liquid and gaseous fuels and also for producing hydrogen rich fuels or hydrogen from materials that stores or contain hydrogen and generate electric current potential through ionization and ion liberation

The present invention is addressed to the aforesaid objective and has a technological answer to this goal with its novel process of molecular engineering of materials achieved through a synthesizer.

Objects of the invention

The primary object of the present invention is to provide a process for molecular engineering which change any one or all of the following namely the physical property, chemical property, charges carried by the electrons or atoms or molecules or state of the element or the compound prior to a chemical reaction commencement for changing the chemical kinetics, the end products, it's yield, mass balance and heat release in a chemical process or the efficiency of operation of a heat engine cycle or a machine for a given energy input.

Another object of the present invention is to invent a contrivance, which facilitates the process of molecular eng-αeering to take place and results in any one or all of the following namely the physical property change, chemical property change, transfer of charges, change in the state of an element or a compound prior to a chemical reaction commencement for changing the chemical kinetics, the end products, it's yield, mass balance and heat release in a chemical process or the efficiency of operation of a heat engine cycle or a machine for a given energy input

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a device for carrying out the novel process of molecular engineering of materials that acts as a fluid or fuel reformulator effecting any one or all of the following namely production of pieco second particles or electrons or atoms or molecules of meta stable states capable of transferring energy from the electron gas of the discharge plasma to the molecules to be activated through electron capture process or electron injection process or through resonant capture process for energy catalysis in addition to conventional surface catalysis or materials with rearranged molecular bond angles or molecular structure or materials of new formulation under excited conditions or material with altered viscosity or density or material with altered temperature or a combination of all above that could be used to advantage.

Further object of the present invention is to invent a contrivance, which facilitates the molecular engineering process to take place on the materials to change the kinetics of the combustion for reduced exhaust emission in automobiles, internal combustion engines and combustion equipments.

Yet another object of the present invention is to invent a device, which facilitates the molecular engineering process to take place for betterment of combustion resulting in reduced fuel consumption and performance improvements of the vehicle, internal combustion engines and other combustion equipments.

Another object of the of the present invention is to provide a device, wherein the device of the present works on leaded petrol, unleaded petrol, DieseL all fluids, gases and solids when suitable material of construction for the material flow passage is chosen.

Further object of the present invention is to provide a device to cany out the novel process of molecular engineering when fitted to the exhaust line of the automobiles or internal combustion engines or any exhaust gas lines in a combustion process excites the carbon di oxide, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen molecules to make it suitable for synthesis and generation of laser (light amplification by stimulated emission radiation) beam, which could be used advantageously for several purposes. Another object of the present invention is to provide a device to carry out the novel process of molecular engineering of the materials when fitted in the gas or liquid flow line of the refrigeration machines or any heat engine cycle or in any chemical process line enhances the performance and efficiency of the system due to any one or all of the following namely the changes in the properties of the material handled by it or by virtue of the device acting also as a heat pump adding energy input to the system..

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a device to carry out the novel process of molecular engineering when fitted in the flow line of suitable material, excite the molecules and synthesis the material to yield hydrogen gas separated from the other constituents of the material or produce current carrying electrons for electrical output due to charge transfer, ionization and electrons movements from the material enabling it's usage for the production of clean energy.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to molecular engineering of the materials enabling control of synthesis, catalysis, combustion, emissions from combustion and heat engine cycle performance. The present invention is also directed to a novel process and construction of a synthesizer for molecular engineering of the fluids and chemicals to control catalysis, combustion, emissions from combustion and the performance of any heat engine cycle or chemical process.

Detailed description of the invention

Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the molecular engineering of a material using any one or all or a combination of the following namely the electro magnetic waves, microwaves, millimeter waves, ultrasonic waves, sound waves, surface waves, plasma waves, longitudinal electrostatic wiggler, space charge waves, electrostatic ion-cyclotron waves in the presence of an axial magnetic field to propagate through a wave guide containing the material and causing excitation of the electrons, acceleration of the electrons resulting in collisions or collision less space charge formation, plasma generation, plasma acceleration and plasma oscillations facilitating energy transfer with the waves and the plasma to take place for changing any one or all or a combinations of the following namely translation---, rotational, vibrational energy levels, electronic motions of the molecules of the material resulting in the changes in the molecular energies, change in bond angles, bond alternations, bond orientations, rearrangement of molecular structure, generation of pieco second radicals or particles in meta stable states depending upon the frequency, modes of propagation of the waves through the wave guide facilitating any one or all namely resonant capture of electrons, injection of electrons, hole transfer, energy catalysis, dark catalysis and changes in any one of all or a combination of the properties namely the viscosity, density, temperature, specific heat capacities, enthalp , entropy, surface tension, activation energy level of the material which influence the chemical kinetics in a process and enhances the performance and overall efficiency of any machine or heat engine cycle.

The present invention also provides a device/contrivance to facilitate the process of molecular engineering of a material as illustrated in the accompanied Figures 1-4, said device comprising: a straight pipe (1) carries material, liquid, gas or solid; the pipe (1) is enclosed by another bigger diameter pipe (2) with its ends closed by bushes (6) acting as supports for to support holding pipe (1) and also keeping both the pipej- (1) & (2) on the same axis as their centers; an insulated copper, -duminum or any conducting material with plurality of wire turns (3) for carrying current are wound over the pipe (2) and the pipe (2) is magnetized by applying an electric potential; a co-axial system comprising pipe (1) and pipe (2) is enclosed by another pipe (4) with its ends closed by metal disk or plate having hole at the center similar to a washer with insulated bushes (5) and (8) for holding the co-axial pipe (1) and pipe (2) system also at its center ensuring that the center lines of all the three pipes are in the same axis and the whole system acts as a magnetron and as a cold plasma generator cum plasma accelerator;

The hollow cavity of pipe (2) with semiconductor layer (7) may contain air or any gas or any dielectric material or made vacuum filled with vacuum and the space between pipe (2) and cavity of pipe (4) with semiconductor layer (7) is filled with air at an atmospheric pressure or with any gas or with any dielectric insulation material or filled with vacuum; the ends of the insulated wire turns are connected to an electric potential to pass electric current to magnetize the pipe (2) and to resonate electromagnetic waves inside the cavity of pipe (2) where the modes of propagation and frequency is dependant upon the diameter, length of the cavity pipe (2) for single cavity and dependent upon the diameters and lengths of pipe (2) and (1) for a co-axial cavity; a casing (7) having a fluid flow passage (10) and serving as a means for cooling the device from over heating as also for increasing the temperature of fluid flowing through pipe (1) as shown in figure 3; and brackets (9) for earth grounding;

The functional features of the device of the present invention is further explained in the form of following embodiments:

The presence of pipe (1) in the same axis of pipe (2) make a co-axial cavity resonator and the frequency of electromagnetic waves or microwaves or any other waves generated and propagated through it depends upon the inner diameters of the pipe (1) and the inner diameter of pipe (2), the lengths of both pipe (1) and pipe (2).

Depending upon the material of pipe (1) and the dielectric property and material of bushes at the ends of pipe (2), the electric potential of pipe (1) and the magnetic and electrical behavior of pipe (1) could be altered other than pipe (2) or kept as the same as pipe (2). Pipe (1) also acts as a waveguide for electromagnetic waves with various modes and other waves or oscillations generated. When an electric potential is applied to the ends of the insulated wire turns and pipe (2) becomes magnetized, there is an axial field created by external coils and an azimuthal field created by internal conductors with a current value resulting in plasma contained between the concentric cylinders and the loss along field lines is prevented by an electric potential created by annular grids at the ends of the cylinder biased to negative potential by grounding to earth through brackets (9) or kept at positive potential as the case may be and electromagnetic waves starts resonating inside the cavities of pipe (4), pipe (2) pipe (1) due to co-axial construction or at least in any one of them, the electrons originating from the conduction band of the semiconductor layers (7) of the co-axial pipes due to thermal ionization, electromagnetic ionization of the semiconductor are excited, pipe (2) becomes a positive potential and pipe (1) too depending upon the end bush material and it's dielectric property and electrons are radially confined by the positive potential of the pipe (2) and pipe (1) and orbit around it in low angular momentum, non circular orbits and the electrons would be adiabatically compressed into the interaction region where the radial electric field would be large. This increase the electron density as well as the ratio of their perpendicular to parallel energy and electrons would rapidly transit the interaction region where they would resonantly transfer their energy to the radiation fields. This result in microwave amplification by stimulated emission radiation and an electron beam is produced whose distribution function is optimized for the power level requirements of the apparatus and the axis of the electron beam coincides with that of the wave guide pipe (1). Pipe (1) carries the liquid, gas or chemical or solid or all and when the material flows through pipe (1), the magnetic fields cause magneto hydrodynamic conditions along with excitation of the electrons in the conduction band of the semiconductor layer (7) of the pipe (1) and a plasma pinch is formed at the center line of flow with initialization of ionization and the microwaves or other waves act with the plasma pinch creating electron collisions and electron impact for further ionization with neo classical transport effect

The properties of the material is altered under dynamic conditions or under steady state condition depending upon the material Although for a detailed working of the device, a simple configuration with drawing is Hghlighted, the device could also be made of a straight pipe of any cross section other than hollow circular sections such as a hollow square section or hollow rectangular section or hollow elliptical section, hollow triangle section or hollow hexagon, pentagon or octagon sections or a combination of all hollow sections for varying the field characteristics and modes of propagation of electromagnetic waves and other types of waves and the cut off frequencies depending upon applications and end use.

In certain applications, the heat generated by the device due to microwave radiation, heating of the coil used for magnetization, heat released due to work done by electric fields to rotate polar molecules etc. could also be utilized by the liquid or gas or chemical by covering the major length of the outer pipe (4) by a casing (7) having a fluid flow passage (10) and such arrangement serving as a means for cooling the device from over heating as also for increasing the temperature of fluid flowing through pipe (1) as shown in figure 3.

In certain applications, the wave guide is coupled to a tee joint at the input or at the output end or at both the ends facilitating injection of more than one material into the wave guide or for separation of any gaseous component formed during synthesis within the wave guide and the heat generated by the synthesizer used in conjunction with vacuum to cause fragmentation of certain fluids, hydrocarbons or chemicals to smaller compounds or elements.

It is abundantly clear from the foregoing description that the straight pipe (1) as material carrying media has multi various functions. It acts as a component of cavity resonator. It further acts as a wave-guide. Further the said straight pipe (1) acts as an applicator for transmission of microwaves and other forms and types of waves. Another bigger diameter pipe (outer pipe) (2) and the enclosure pipe (4) acts as cavity resonator. The complete co-axial system with pipe (1), pipe (2) and pipe (4) having the same common axis represent a co-axial resonator for microwaves and any other waves for propagation and resonance and also function as a magnetron, as a cold plasma generator cum plasma accelerator.

The Pipe (1) as envisaged in the invention is either built into the device so as to be part of the synthesizer or a conventional pipe used in the conventional flow line can be readily substituted in place of aforesaid built in pipe (1). The structural arrangements may be incorporated in the synthesizer, which allows the possibilities of using the conventional flow lines for replacement of the pipe (1).

Though the embodiment of the invention as envisaged is described with respect to a material synthesizer, the invention with all its ramifications find acceptance in various areas of applications such as internal combustion engines, outer combustion equipments fluid flow lines, process flow lines of chemical equipments for heating the fluids or as an electronic catalytic converter for chemical synthesis or in fuel flow lines as an electronic catalytic convertor or as a fuel reformulator and as a heat pump in any heat conversion equipments such as an internal combustion engine, combustion equipment, heat transfer equipments, refrigeration equipments and in the flow lines of exhaust gas of any combustion equipments or in the exhaust gas lines of internal combustion engines for further emission reduction or synthesis of burnt and un burnt chemicals or for excitation of the carbon di oxide, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen molecules in the exhaust gases for synthesis and making the excited exhaust gas suitable for LASER beam generation or in the flow lines of suitable materials for synthesis and making the material suitable for generation or separation of hydrogen from it's constituents or for obtaining electrical output from the current carrying electron motions .

The device is installed before the engine carburetor, fuel injection system for altering the properties of the hydrocarbon fuel for better combustion efficiency, reduced fuel consumption and lesser emissions either as a separate device in the fluid flow lines or integrated as a component in the assembly of equipments.

This synthesizer is housed in an enclosure with an inlet and an outlet for material flow through it and provided with two wires for energizing it with an electric potential for initiating the novel process during the material flow through it. The device excites the molecules and the electrons of the materials contained within it to cause charge transfer necessary for the molecular engineering resulting in any one or all of the following namely change of the molecular structure, bond orientations, bond strength, physical property, chemical property. It has no moving parts and the device is fixed in the material flow line of the process or in the material flow line of a machine either at the input or at the output or in between the flow lines to obtain maximum benefit. The device is fitted to any petrol, diesel gas engines or systems using hydrocarbon fuels very easily without any alterations of the engine in minutes.

The device makes use of some of the properties of matter such as 'Εlectro Negativity", "Influence of lone Pairs of Atoms", "Strains & Conformation" to change bonding angles of molecules, affinity of oxygen atoms and ionization and separation of Macro Molecules under MHD Influence, Hydrogenation due to Catalysis, dia and Paramagnetic Anisotropy of Macro molecules, magnetic orientation of molecules for altering the molecular properties including activation energy level of the hydrocarbon fuel just before mixing with air for ignition in the engine.

Petrol, DieseL Kerosene, Lubricating Oil refined from crude oil belong to Alkanes group of hydrocarbons with different boiling points can be used as fuel The physical and chemical properties of alkanes are a function first of the number of carbon atoms it contains and second of it's specific structure. The excitation of the fuel in the presence of a suitable catalyst cause Ring Strain and make the alkanes loose a hydrogen atom The hydrogen atoms cause hydrgenolysis of the minute sulphur giving out hydrogen sulphide which again under excited conditions dissociate into hydrogen and sulphur. The hydrogen is absorbed in the metal surface of the catalyst or released as a gas while the sulphur is adsorbed on the metal and semiconductor surface layers of the wave guide and act as a catalyst accelerating the fuel reformulation. The H - H bond is weakened and a reactive hydrogen atom adds to the double bond or to Lone Pairs of atoms. The trace of moisture and additives in the fuels cause Electro negativity which under external field excitation make oxygen also bond with Lone Pairs of Atoms altering the molecular structure of the fuel, it's physical and chemical properties including Activation Energy Level, volatility, fuel quality. A lean mixture is a definite answer for reduced poEution and fuel economy. A lean mixture burns slowly and yields higher thermal efficiency due to ratio of specific heat approaching that of air and with less dissociation loss due to lower combustion temperature and lower losses to cooling water and air. However a lean mixture is very difficult to ignite and engines operating with lean mixture require high compression ratio or high-octane fuel The field excitation cause rearrangement of molecular clusters and molecular bonding and the catalyst cause hetrogeneous catalysed gas phase combustion which is an efficient way of burning a lean mixture outside the flammability limits without forming pollutants. Gas phase ignition of hydrocarbon increase flame velocity and reduce minimum ignition energy. The catalytic surface temperature controls the reaction rate instead of the ambient temperature.

Emission of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon are related to air fuel ratio. In a vehicle fitted with a catalytic convenor, the air fuel ratio is around 15:1 or less for less emission whereas with the invented device, the air fuel ratio is above 16:1 to 22:1 depending upon engine condition which results in fuel economy and less emission.

The ability of the engine to start with a lean mixture (with increased air input) reduced fuel consumption and less emission, less engine knocking (smoothness of engine working), less engine temperature are indicative of the physical and chemical property changes of the fuel due to molecular structure change made by the invented device.

It is evident that the device according to invention makes use of various scientific principles as enumerated in the body of the specification The precision of the device is an important criteria to augment the working results and to achieve optimum operating results. The embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawing is to explain the active principles involved in the construction and the operation of the device and the combined or otherwise synergistic effect of various active principles and components in the said device.

The invention is further explained in the form of following Examples. However, the following examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

APPLICATION NO.l^AUTOMOBILE ENGINE EMISSION CONTROL:

In the automobiles or with any internal combustion engines, the synthesizer is used as a pre engine on board fuel reformulator, resulting in the following benefits

1. Mileage increase by 15% to 25% depending upon engine conditions.

2i Reduced emissions and Improved engine performance due to automatic decarbonising and removal of varnish deposits in engine. 3. Optimum performance approximately 3000 kilometers after installation due to decarbonising and elimination of most of the accumulated engine varnish in used vehicles.

4. Installation in minutes.

5. No additives to fuel or altering of engine.

6. Saves petroleum fuel for the user and foreign exchange for the nation

7. Suitable for Two wheelers, three wheelers Autos, Cars, Tempos, Jeeps, Diesel engine, Diesel and petrol generators, LPG systems, Fishing Trawlers, Agricultural diesel pump sets, Power Tillers and Tractors.

APPLICATION N0.2-REFRIGERATION AND COOLING APPLICATION:

In the Refrigeration systems, the synthesizer is installed inline in the refrigerant flow to add additional heat energy for enhancing the refrigerant cycle performance for better cooling or for reducing the compressor energy demand for lowering the power consumption.In smaller cooling systems and portable cooling units, the refrigerant compressor is replaced with the synthesizer installed in it's place and the synthesizer could carry out the job of heating the refrigerant instead of the compressor by using microwave heat before exp-mding the gas and the cooling system will function with a non moving and non wearing synthesizer doing the function of a compressor consuming less power.

APPLICATION N0.3-SYNTHESIS TO MAKE IT SUITABLE FOR LASER BEAM GENERATION FROM AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST:

Carbon di oxide, which is abundant in the automobile exhaust along with oxides of nitrogen and available continuously during engine working makes the synthesizer most ideal for use with the automobile exhaust gas for exciting the exhaust gas molecules for further emission reductions and also for facilitating synthesis for generation of carbon di oxide laser beam which could be used for navigating the vehicle, collision control, using the laser beam for inducing ignition, fuel synthesis, accurate measurement of vehicles moving in front and back etc.

For application as a laser beam generator, the center pipe (1) is removed in Fig.3 and the engine exhaust flows through passage fluid (10) and through the end bush (6) center hole, the gas enters the cavity of pipe (2) wherein the carbon di oxide and nitrogen oxide molecules are excited by the electromagnetic waves resulting in population inversion and emission of light The inside of the bushes (6) will be coated with reflective coatings to facilitate reflections of the beam within the cavity. The bush at one end of pipe (2) will have a concave reflective shape while the bush (6) at the opposite end will have converging lens shape for pointing the reflected beam out of the synthesizer.

APPLICATION N0.4-PREVENTION OF FLUID FREEZING IN THE PIPE LINES IN EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS:

In extreme cold weather conditions, fluid freezing within the pipes and pipe cracking due to flow getting chocked is common. To avoid uninterrupted fluid flow and to prevent fluid freezing, the synthesizer is installed in line and the microwave heat keep the fluid warm preventing fluid freezing including maintaining the fluid viscosity facilitating easier pumping without resistance build up in the flow line.

APPLICATION NO.5: PREVENTION OF SCALE FORMATION IN PIPE LINES OF SUGAR SYRUPS, HARD WATER LINES:

The ionization of molecules by the microwaves prevents the scale formation by hard water in the internal flow passages of hard water lines and also in the sugar syrup lines. This lessens the pressure required for pumping the liquids and also saves the heating costs.

APPLICATION N0.6-HYDROGEN RICH FUEL GENERATION FROM DIESEL, GASOLINE, METHANOL AND ETHANOL

The synthesizer excites the weak G-H bonds present in the hydrocarbons and many OH bonds and radicals through PLASMA process and produces hydrogen or hydrogen rich fuels for clean combustion and for reduced emissions.

APPLICATION N0.7-INLINE OR ONBOARD FUEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS:

The microwaves and Plasma cause electrons migrations resulting in fuel molecules with re arranged structures, changed volume fractions as evidenced from gas chromotograph testing, bond alternations, density and viscosity variations resulting in improved fuel quality having enhanced octane or cetane values for the gasoline and diesel fuels respectively.

APPLICATION N0.8-NEW PHARMACEUTICALS AND CHEMICALS:

Under excited conditions, the free radicals and pieco second radicals liberated recombine to yield new pharmaceuticals and chemicals as the rate constant and kinetics of chemical reactions are altered by the charge transfer effects under excited conditions in many reactions. APPLICATION NO.9-AS A HEAT PUMP WITH NON MOVING PARTS USING MICROWAVE ENERGY:

The microwave heat absorbed by the material flowing through the synthesizer makes the synthesizer an ideal heat pump with no moving part for adding energy input to any thermodynamic cycles for enhancing the thermal efficiency. Example is use in refrigeration cycle with or without the compressor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANIED DIAGRAMS

Fig 1 shows in elevation cross sectional view of the Fluid Synthesizer.

Fig 2 shows in elevation the Fluid Synthesizer having tobular material passage wound in the form of coil.

Fig 3 shows in elevation of the Fluid Synthesizer having an enclosure over its outer surface in order to absorb the heat generated.

Fig 4.shows in elevation the Fluid synthesizer within a vacuum chamber connected to an external vacuum source for reformulation, fragmentation and separation of low molecular structures.

Advantages of the present invention

1. The easy to install synthesizer when used with automobiles like two wheelers, three wheelers autos, cars, tempos, jeeps, diesel engine, diesel and petrol generators, LPG systems, fishing trawlers, agricultural diesel pump sets, power tillers and tractors, gives reduced emissions of carbon monoxide to almost near zero level, un burnt hydro carbon emissions reduced to few hundred ppm, diesel smoke reduction by over 60% from the initially measured value, enhanced mileage to the extent of about 15 -25% depending upon engine conditions without any additions of additives to fuel or altering of engine and improves engine performance due to automatic decarbonising and removal of varnish deposits from engine combustion chamber.

2. Saves petroleum, fuel for the user and foreign exchange for the nation.

3. When installed in the refrigeration fluid flow line^t enhances the efficiency of the cooling system and also saves compressor power and electrical energy

4. When used with the automobile exhaust, facilitates excitation of carbon di oxide, carbon mono oxide and oxides of nitrogen molecules for synthesis making it suitable for laser beam generation which could be used for better navigation to avoid collision, pre treat fuel and also for ignition of the engine for controlled flame speed and enhanced combustion. 5. Molecular excitations yield hydrogen rich fuels in real time.

6. Accelerates the process of hydrogen generation from MethanoL, Ethanol Diesel. Gasoline and many other liquids rich in hydrogen.

7. Facilitates newer pharmaceuticals due to radical formation during molecular excitations and changed kinetics of chemical processes.

8. To avoid fluid line freezing during winter in all liquid flow lines.

9. To prevent scale formation in hard water lines, syrup lines in the sugar factories.

10. Portable Antenna for mobile communications.

11. As a HEAT PUMP with no moving part for enhancing the efficiency of any heat power cycles or heat engines or referigeration.

12. For changing the rate constants and kinetics of chemical reactions.

It will be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and it is not intended that the practical applications of the invention be limited thereto to internal combustion engines, combustion technology only. Many other specific embodiments of the present invention and related practical applications will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the foregoing disclosure. All substitutions, alterations and modifications of the present invention, which come within the scope of the following claims, are to which the present invention is readily susceptible without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

I Claim

1. A process for molecular engineering of a material to control the synthesis, catalysis, combustion, emissions from combustion and improvements in heat engine cycle performance by using the processed material by means of a synthesizer as illustrated in Figures 1-4, said process comprising the steps of:

(a) passing the desired material through the synthesizer under magneto hydro dynamic conditions;

(b) generating or resonating electromagnetic waves or multi-various waves in the synthesizer along with or without thermal ionization and sound;

(c) creating an axial magnetic field by external coils of a co-axial pipe and an azimuthal field by internal conductors of the synthesizer with a current value resulting in plasma within the synthesizer;

(d) propagating, amplifying or attenuating the multi-various wave(s) in a wave guide containing the material;

(e) exciting the electrons in the conduction band of the semiconductor layers of the wave guide(s) /co-axial pipes and the electrons in the material flowing through the wave guide;

(f) accelerating the electrons resulting in collisions or collision less ionization, space charge formation, cold plasma generation in the material, plasma acceleration and plasma oscillations facilitating energy release;

(g) releasing energy in the form of spectral luminescence or emission or radiation of multi- various waves consisting any one or all of the following namely microwaves or millimeter waves or surface waves or plasma waves or longitadinal electro static wiggler or space charge waves or electro static ion-cyclotron waves, alfen waves or ultra sonic or sound waves.

(h) combining or filtering the released energies in the form of heat, light, spectral luminescence and multi various waves having different amplitudes and frequencies to propagate or resonate along with the electromagnetic waves generated due to the application of electric potential facilitating transfer of energy to take place with the waves and the plasma through electron resonant capture or electron capture or electron injection;

(i) facilitating the synergistic effect of heat, light, spectral luminescence, multi-various wave energies and the electrons movements to alter the translational energy, vibrational energy, rotational energy and electronic motions of molecules for effecting molecular energy level changes, physical property changes, chemical property changes to the material resulting in physico-chemical changes and changes in the kinetics of the chemical reactions during a chemical process facilitating changes to any one or the combination of the physico-chemical changes of the material resulting in the material having an altered characteristic under excited conditions or up to few pieco/nano seconds after passing out of the synthesizer.

2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the waves are selected from electro magnetic waves, microwaves, millimeter waves, ultrasonic waves, sound waves, surface waves, plasma waves, longitadinal electrostatic wiggler, space charge waves, electrostatic ion-cyclotron waves, Alfen waves associated with plasma, infra red heat wave, spectral luminescence.

3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the generated waves are either used as a single wave or in combination of desired waves or in combination of all the waves.

4. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step (i) of claim 1 the physico-chemical property changes that are effected include translationaL rotational, vibrational energy levels, electronic motions of the molecules of the material resulting in the changes in the molecular energies, change in bond angles, bond alternations, bond orientations, re-arrangement of molecular structure.

5. The process according to claim l,wherein the synthesis, catalysis, control of the kinetics of chemical reactions, kinetics of combustion, physico-chemical changes are effected by migration of electrons or generation of pieco second radicals or particles or electrons or atoms or molecules at meta stable states capable of transferring energy from the electron gas of the discharge plasma to the molecules to be activated through electron capture process or electron injection process or through resonant capture process resulting in energy catalysis in addition to conventional surface catalysis.

6. The process according to claim 1, wherein said process facilitates changes in any one or all or a combination of the properties of the material, selected from viscosity, density, temperature, specific heat capacities, change of state, space charges in the material enthalpy, entropy, surface tension, activation energy level of the material which influence the chemical kinetics in a process that enhances the performance and overall efficiency of any machine or heat engine cycle.

7. A synthesizer as illustrated in Figures 1- 4 to carry out the process of molecular engineering of a materials) to control the synthesis, catalysis, combustion, emissions from combustion and heat engine cycle performance using the processed materials), said device comprising: (a) a central conduit [straight pipe](l) means for transporting materials) and acting as an inlet and an outlet, wave guide and an applicator of microwave heat to the flowing material;

(b) a hollow bigger diameter conduit [pipe] (2) with its ends closed by bushes(6) enclosing and supporting the pipe(l);

(c) the conduits [pipes] of steps (a) and (b) are positioned on the same axis as their centers;

(d) plurality of coils (3) are wound over the conduit [pipe] (2) for magnetization by the application of an electric potential;

(e) the ends of the coils are connected to an electric potential to facilitate flow of electric current to magnetize the conduit [pipe] (2) and to resonate electromagnetic waves and multi various waves inside the cavity of pipe (2) and pipe (1);

(f) a co-axial system comprising conduits [pipes] (1) and (2) is enclosed by another conduit [pipe] (4) with its ends closed by a metal disk having a means to hold pipes (1) and (2) at the center with insulated bushes (5) and (8);

(g) the cavity spaces between pipe (l)and pipe (2) and between pipe (2) and pipe (4) are filled with air at atmospheric pressure or with any gas or with any dielectric insulation material or with vacuum;

(h) a semi-conducting layer (7) on the pipe (1) and on the hollow [pipes] (2) and (4);

(i) flow passage (10) enclosing pipe (4) as a means for cooling the synthesizer from over heating and also for increasing the temperature of fluid flowing through pipe (1);

(j) brackets (9) on either side of the pipe (4) for earth grounding; and

(k) bushes (6) on either side of pipe (2) to magnetize or non-magnetize the pipe (1) and also to make it a positive potential or negative potential element of the synthesizer depending upon the material and insulation characteristics.

8. The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein the insulated coils are made of a conducting material selected from copper, aluminum or any conducting material or in the form of a circular printed circuit board over pipe (2).

9. The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein the center pipe (pipe 1) and the pipe (pipe 2) on which insulated coil is wound acts as a positive or negative potential depending upon the die electric characteristics of the bushes (5) and the outer hollow tube enclosing the resonator acts as a negative potential or bias.

10. The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer having an enclosure with fluid flow passages for circulating the material for absorbing the heat thus generated and convected by the synthesizer and for cooling the synthesizer.

11. The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein the co-axial system acts a magnetron, plasma generator cum accelerator enabling radial confinement of electrons when an electric potential is applied to the ends of the insulated coil made of copper or any conducting material that i wound on the pipe acting as positive potential and the outer hollow pipe acting as negative potential resulting in an axial magnetic field with an azimuthal field by internal conductors with a current value resulting in plasma, the electrons orbit around it in low angular momentum non circular orbits with high frequency, adiabatically compressed into the interaction region where the radial electric field is large so that the adiabatic compression increases the electron density as well as their perpendicular to parallel energy fadBtating resonant energy transfer to the radiation fields producing fast waves with rich harmonics resulting in microwave amplification by stimulated emission radiation.

12. The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein the length of the conduit [pipes] acting as a co-axial cavity resonator of hollow circular cross section is enclosed by another hollow circular cross section tube as enclosure cum wave guide for all or any one or a combination of the electro magnetic waves selected from microwaves, millimeter waves, ultrasonic waves, sound waves, surface waves, plasma waves, longitodinal electrostatic wiggler, space charge waves electrostatic ion-cyclotron waves generation.

13. The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein the amplification, modes of propagation and the frequency of the electromagnetic waves and other waves interacting with liquid, gas or chemicals passing through the synthesizer, are dependant upon the parameters selected from

— diameters of the hollow section of inner and outer pipes,

— the lengths of the pipes,

— the geometry of the cross section of the pipes and their dimensions in case of non circular cross section pipes, — number of turns of insulated copper or current carrying wire and their diameter, current and voltage through the insulated wire turns incase of direct current and additionally another parameter namely frequency in case of alternating current,

— permitivity of cavity medium and

— permeability of material of pipes.

14.The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer acting as a magnetron for microwave generation, a co-axial cavity resonator, plasma generator cum accelerator, wave guide and as an applicator for transmitting the microwave and it's heat to the flowing material and constructed from conduits (pipes) of any geometry sections other than circular section mcluding a combination of several geometry cross section pipes, ionizes the material by energy transfer from the electromagnetic waves at a resonant frequency or at near resonant frequency characteristics of the material passed through the synthesizer.

15.The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer having a center tube for flow of material and the flow of the material is carried out in the presence of a catalyst or without catalyst. lό.The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer having a center tube for flow of material and built into the device so as to be part of the synthesizer is replaced by a conventional pipe used in the conventional flow line retaining the structural arrangements incorporated in the synthesizer, allowing the possibilities of using the conventional flow lines itself as a part of the co-axial system, wave guide and an applicator and the rem-iining structural arrangement inserted into an existing conventional pipe line carrying the material.

17.The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer is suitably designed for the control of an automotive exhaust and is positioned optimally at any of the desired locations selected

— either before the carburetor or within the carburetor,

— before the fuel injector, within the injector or after the injector,

— before the fuel injection pump,

— in the fuel intake manifold and

— anywhere before engine fuel intake or in the fuel return line, fuel lines connecting the engine and the fuel tank or within the fuel tank itself.

18. The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer when used as a pre-engine device in the fuel line of the engine or vehicle alters the fuel properties,the kinetics of combustion, reactions, mass balance of products of combustion for reduced un-burnt fuel and toxic gases also enabling engine operation with a lesser fuel to air ratio mixture possible due to change in electrical conductivity of fuel-air mixture, change in vapor versus air ratio of fuel, activation energy of the fuel.

19.The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer is used as an Electronic Catalytic Converter or Fuel Reformulator or as a Common Catalytic Converter for any automotive fuels selected from diesel, leaded and unleaded petrol, blended fuels with ethanol or any other additives, gaseous fuels and liquid fuels.

20. The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein he microwaves are amplified by stimulated emission radiation action within the synthesizer and the axis of the electron beam comtiding with that of the wave guide and the electrons movement radially confined by the electric field between the positive potential center conductor and negative potential outer conductor of the device thereby

— enabling the electrons moving in axis encircling orbits with a substantial fraction of their kinetic energy transverse to the axis and the microwaves or other waves causing synthesis;

— the synthesis involves all or any one namely partial or full ionization of liquid, gas or chemical releasing ions, free radicals pieco second particles, change in bond angle orientation of the molecules, molecules with rearranged structure and bond alternation, oxidation, reduction, absorption, hydrogenolysis, heat release or heat absorption, organic synthesis resulting in addition, hydration, breaking of bonds, coupling, re-arrangement, fragmentation depending upon the molecular structure of the fluid handled, change in the viscosity, density, temperature, activation energy, surface tension, entropy and other physico- chemical properties of the material.

21. The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer is also used as a heat pump in the refrigerant flow line of refrigeration machine along with the compressor or as a replacement for the compressor in smaller capacity systems or used as a heat pump in any heat engine cycles for enhancing the performance.

22. The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer is also used for the synthesis of materials for generation or separation of hydrogen from any hydrogen rich fluids or material for use as a clean fuel or for use in a fuel cell or elsewhere.

23.The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer is used for excitation of automobile exhaust gases containing carbon di oxide, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen for further processing of emission reductions and synthesis for generation of LASER beam for other applications including vehicle navigation, collision prevention, laser beam ignition of fuel, fuel synthesis etc.

24.The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer is used in conjunction with any vacuum system along with injection of additional materials or without additional materials and used to synthesize or fragment any fluid or chemical to lighter atoms or molecules or used for production of new formulations under excited conditions.

25.The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer is used for prevention of scale formation in water carrying pipes, sugar syrup pipes and similar applications including use as pre heater in fluid lines during winter to prevent fluid freezing in the flow lines.

26-The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer is used as an oscillator cum portable radar or antenna for communications.

27.The synthesizer according to claim 7, wherein said synthesizer is used as a source of current carrying electrons generated by the excitation under the magneto hydrodynamics flow conditions for use as fuel cell or with fuel cell for boosting output