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WO2003054578A1 - Sensor arrangement for measurement of separation or speed - Google Patents

Sensor arrangement for measurement of separation or speed Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003054578A1
WO2003054578A1 PCT/DE2002/004338 DE0204338W WO03054578A1 WO 2003054578 A1 WO2003054578 A1 WO 2003054578A1 DE 0204338 W DE0204338 W DE 0204338W WO 03054578 A1 WO03054578 A1 WO 03054578A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
sensor arrangement
arrangement according
light guide
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2002/004338
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Beuschel
Rainer Frick
Gerhard ZÖRKLER
Jörg JOOS
Marius Kendler
Joachim Massen
Peter Murla
Werner Steiner
Holger Jordan
Original Assignee
Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh
Automotive Distance Control Systems Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh, Automotive Distance Control Systems Gmbh filed Critical Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh
Publication of WO2003054578A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003054578A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/4813—Housing arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor arrangement for measuring distance or speed according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a sensor arrangement is known for example from DE 41 1 5 747 C2.
  • This known sensor arrangement comprises a transmitter unit for emitting light into an observation room and a receiver unit for receiving the light reflected from objects in the observation room.
  • the light is emitted as a bundled beam of light and is pivoted over the observation space by means of a rotating plane-parallel prism, and the received light is guided via the rotating prism to a photodetector element.
  • the distances to the objects and the relative speeds of the objects can then be determined from the signal propagation time of the light.
  • This sensor arrangement has moving parts with the prism and the drive device required to rotate the prism, which represent a disturbing source of noise, take up a considerable amount of space and are highly sensitive to mechanical stresses, such as occur in a motor vehicle , exhibit.
  • the manufacture of the moving parts is associated with considerable costs and labor.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a sensor arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1, which is inexpensive to produce takes up little space and ensures high functional reliability.
  • the sensor arrangement comprises a transmitting unit for emitting light in an observation room, and a receiving unit for receiving the light reflected at objects in the observation room light
  • the E pfangsein- 'unit comprises a mirror device that focuses the received from the observation room light in at least one focus point.
  • the mirror device preferably has a number of parabolic mirror segments corresponding to the number of focusing points.
  • the or each focusing point is also assigned a photodetector element, preferably designed as a PIN photodiode, for detecting the focused light.
  • a light guide element is preferably assigned to the or each focusing point, via which light is guided from the or the respective focusing point to the assigned photodetector element.
  • the or each light guide element is preferably connected to a light guide holder made of the same material via at least one web that is thin compared to the light guide cross section.
  • the mirror arrangement preferably has a plurality of focusing points, in which light is focused, which is received in each case from one of a plurality of spatial sections of the observation space which adjoin one another in pairs or which slightly overlap.
  • the mirror arrangement can be designed such that the light reaches the photodetector elements in overlapping light lobes.
  • the receiving unit and the transmitting unit are preferably mounted on different sides of a carrier plate, so that the sensor arrangement can be produced as a compact arrangement.
  • the transmitter unit preferably has a pulsed laser diode as the radiation source.
  • a light guide is preferably provided which has a cross section which widens in the direction of light propagation and which causes the light beam to broaden.
  • the transmission unit preferably has a Fresnel lens, which widens the light beam of the laser diode emerging from the light guide into a broadly diversified light beam.
  • the sensor arrangement is ideally suited for use in occupant restraint systems for motor vehicles, for example in airbag systems.
  • the sensor arrangement is used as a pre-crash sensor that detects objects that are approaching the vehicle. It is thus possible to estimate the likelihood of an impending collision and to control the sensitivity of the occupant restraint system to the likelihood of a collision.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic illustration of the sensor arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the sensor arrangement from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view through the transmission unit of the sensor arrangement from FIG. 1.
  • the sensor arrangement has a transmitting unit 1, a receiving unit 2, a carrier plate 3 and a housing 4.
  • the transmission unit 1 emits a broad light beam into a spatial section S of an observation room.
  • the receiving unit 2 receives light that is reflected in at least one spatial section R of the observation room from objects located there.
  • Receiver unit 2 and the transmitter unit 1 are mounted on opposite sides of the carrier plate 3. Conductor tracks, which are required for the operation of the transmitter unit 1 and receiver unit 2, are also applied to the carrier plate 3.
  • the transmitter unit 1, the receiver unit 2 and the carrier plate 3 are introduced into the housing 4 and have a window for the emitted and received light.
  • the window can be open or have a cover that is transparent to the emitted and received light.
  • the sensor array is located behind a windscreen 5 of a motor vehicle mounted, preferably in the range of the inside mirror, and it serves as a pre-crash sensor, the observation of a space area in the vicinity of the motor vehicle, for example a in the direction of travel up to a distance of about 1 5 m range.
  • the operation of the sensor arrangement corresponds to that of an optical radar, i. h the transmitting unit 1 emits light pulses and the receiving unit 2 detects the light pulses then reflected on objects.
  • the distance to the objects or the relative speed of the objects can then be calculated from the signal transit time of the transmitted and reflected light pulses and the change in the signal transit time.
  • the receiving unit 2 has a mirror device 20 rigidly connected to the carrier plate 3.
  • the mirror device 20 in turn has three parabolic mirror segments 20a, 20b, 20c, each of which focuses the light received from the observation space in one focusing point.
  • mirror arrangements 20 with several or with fewer mirror segments are also conceivable.
  • the receiving unit 2 also has a number of photodetector elements 21 a, 21 b, 21 c corresponding to the number of focusing points, each of which is assigned to one of the focusing points.
  • the photodetector elements 21 a, 21 b, 21 c are designed as PIN photodiodes and are mounted on the carrier plate 3 in such a way that they detect light that is incident essentially perpendicularly on the carrier plate 3.
  • the receiving unit 2 has a one-piece light guide arrangement 22, which in turn has a light guide element 22a, 22b, 22c and a light guide holder 22d for each focusing point of the mirror device 20.
  • the light guide elements 22a, 22b, 22c are firmly connected to the light guide holder 22d via webs. The webs are so thin compared to the cross section of the light guide elements 22a, 22b, 22c that only a slight or negligible The proportion of light from the light guide elements 22a, 22b, 22c is more easily coupled out into the light guide holder 22d.
  • the light guide elements 22a, 22b, 22c are each assigned to one of the focusing points of the mirror device 20.
  • a shield 23 is provided, which prevents the light emerging from the light guide elements 22a, 22b, 22c from other than the respectively associated photodetector elements 21 a or 21 b or 21 c arrives.
  • the number of focusing points determines the horizontal spatial resolution of the sensor arrangement, since each mirror segment focuses only the light received from a specific spatial section of the observation space in its focusing point.
  • each mirror segment focuses only the light received from a specific spatial section of the observation space in its focusing point.
  • only the light received from the spatial section R is focused to the focusing point of the central mirror segment 20b.
  • the central photodetector element 21 b With the central photodetector element 21 b, only an object located in the spatial section R can thus be detected.
  • light is focused that is received from spatial sections that adjoin or partially overlap the spatial section R.
  • the transmitter unit 1 comprises a radiation source designed as a laser diode 10, a light guide 11 and a Fresnel lens 1 2, all of which are accommodated in a housing part 1 3.
  • the light guide 1 1 and the Fresnel lens 1 2 are located in the beam path of the laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser diode 10.
  • the light guide 11 has a cross section widening in the direction of light propagation. In it, the laser beam is broadened by multiple total reflection, so that the light emerging from the light exit surface 1 1 a of the light guide 1 1 can no longer be focused on an area corresponding to the light exit surface of the laser diode 1 0 is. For a person looking towards the transmission unit 1, the risk of eye damage from the laser beam is thus reduced.
  • the Fresnel lens 1 2 causes the laser beam emerging from the light guide 1 1 to widen to form a wide-ranging light beam.
  • it is provided on both sides with a Fresnel structure with flat active flanks, the Fresnel structure on one surface side horizontally widening the laser beam to an angle of, for example, 45 ° and the Fresnel structure on the other surface side vertically widening the laser beam to an angle of, for example, 10 ° up to 1 2 °.
  • the sensor arrangement is used as a pre-crash sensor in a passenger restraint system of a motor vehicle.
  • the task of the sensor arrangement is to detect objects that are approaching the vehicle.
  • the distance to the objects and the relative speed of these objects can then be determined and the risk can be assessed as to whether there is a collision with one of the objects. If the likelihood of a collision is high, the triggering threshold of the occupant restraint system is reduced to such an extent that even a minor impact leads to the triggering of restraint devices, for example an airbag. This has a faster release of the restraining means and thus an increase in the intended protective effect for the occupants of the vehicle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A sensor arrangement for measurement of separation or speed usually comprises a transmitter unit for transmission of light in an observation region and a receiver unit for receiving light reflected from objects in the observation region. The light is emitted as a directional light beam and deflected about the observation region by means of a rotating prism and the received light directed to a photodetector element by means of said prism. The separation to the objects and the relative speeds of said objects may be determined from the signal runtime of the light. According to the invention the inventive sensor arrangement should be easily produced and be of small dimensions. The novel sensor arrangement comprises a mirror arrangement with at least one focussing point for focussing the received light. A photodetector element and a light guide element are provided for the or each focussing point, arranged such that light from the or each focussing point is run to the provided photodetector element by means of the light guide element. The invention further relates to a pre-crash sensor for an occupant retention system in motor vehicles.

Description

Sensoranordnung zur Abstands- oder Geschwindigkeitsmessung Sensor arrangement for distance or speed measurement
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sensoranordnung zur Abstands- oder Geschwindigkeitsmessung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 .The invention relates to a sensor arrangement for measuring distance or speed according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Eine derartige Sensoranordnung ist beispielsweise aus der DE 41 1 5 747 C2 bekannt. Diese vorbekannte Sensoranordnung umfaßt eine Sendeeinheit zum Aussenden von Licht in einen Beobachtungsraum und eine Empfangseinheit zum Empfan- gen des im Beobachtungsraum an Objekten reflektierten Lichts. Das Licht wird dabei als gebündelter Lichtstrahl ausgesendet und mittels eines rotierenden planparallelen Prismas über den Beobachtungsraum geschwenkt und das empfangene Licht wird über das rotierende Prisma zu einem Photodetektorelement geleitet. Aus der Signallaufzeit des Lichts lassen sich dann die Abstände zu den Objekten und die Relativgeschwindigkeiten der Objekte ermitteln.Such a sensor arrangement is known for example from DE 41 1 5 747 C2. This known sensor arrangement comprises a transmitter unit for emitting light into an observation room and a receiver unit for receiving the light reflected from objects in the observation room. The light is emitted as a bundled beam of light and is pivoted over the observation space by means of a rotating plane-parallel prism, and the received light is guided via the rotating prism to a photodetector element. The distances to the objects and the relative speeds of the objects can then be determined from the signal propagation time of the light.
Der wesentliche Nachteil dieser Sensoranordnung besteht darin, daß sie mit dem Prisma und der zur Rotation des Prismas erforderlichen Antriebsvorrichtung bewegte Teile aufweist, welche eine störende Geräuschquelle darstellen, einen erheblichen Bauraum beanspruchen und eine hohe Empfindlichkeit gegenüber mechanischen Beanspruchungen, wie sie beispielsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeug auftreten, aufweisen. Zudem ist die Herstellung der bewegten Teile mit einem erheblichen Kosten- und Arbeitsaufwand verbunden.The main disadvantage of this sensor arrangement is that it has moving parts with the prism and the drive device required to rotate the prism, which represent a disturbing source of noise, take up a considerable amount of space and are highly sensitive to mechanical stresses, such as occur in a motor vehicle , exhibit. In addition, the manufacture of the moving parts is associated with considerable costs and labor.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Sensoranordnung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 anzugeben, die kostengünstig herstellbar ist, die einen geringen Bauraum beansprucht und eine hohe Funktionssicherheit gewährleistet.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a sensor arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1, which is inexpensive to produce takes up little space and ensures high functional reliability.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments result from the subclaims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoranordnung umfaßt eine Sendeeinheit zum Aussenden von Licht in einen Beobachtungsraum und eine Empfangseinheit zum Empfangen des im Beobachtungsraum an Objekten reflektierten Lichts, wobei die E pfangsein- ' heit eine Spiegelvorrichtung aufweist, die das aus dem Beobachtungsraum empfangene Licht in mindestens einem Fokussierungspunkt fokussiert. Die Spiegelvorrich- tung weist hierzu vorzugsweise eine der Anzahl der Fokussierungspunkte entsprechende Anzahl von parabelförmigen Spiegelsegmenten auf. In der Empfangseinheit ist des weiteren dem oder jedem Fokussierungspunkt ein vorzugsweise als PIN- Photodiode ausgeführtes Photodetektorelement zur Detektion des fokussierten Lichts zugeordnet.The sensor arrangement according to the invention comprises a transmitting unit for emitting light in an observation room, and a receiving unit for receiving the light reflected at objects in the observation room light, the E pfangsein- 'unit comprises a mirror device that focuses the received from the observation room light in at least one focus point. For this purpose, the mirror device preferably has a number of parabolic mirror segments corresponding to the number of focusing points. In the receiving unit, the or each focusing point is also assigned a photodetector element, preferably designed as a PIN photodiode, for detecting the focused light.
Vorzugsweise ist dem oder jedem Fokussierungspunkt ein ichtleiterelement zugeordnet, über das Licht von dem oder dem jeweiligen Fokussierungspunkt zum zugeordneten Photodetektorelement geleitet wird. Das oder jedes Lichtleiterelement ist dabei vorzugsweise über mindestens einen gegenüber dem Lichtleiterquerschnitt dünnen Steg mit einem aus dem gleichen Material gefertigten Lichtleiterhalter ver- bunden.A light guide element is preferably assigned to the or each focusing point, via which light is guided from the or the respective focusing point to the assigned photodetector element. The or each light guide element is preferably connected to a light guide holder made of the same material via at least one web that is thin compared to the light guide cross section.
Die Spiegelanordnung weist vorzugsweise mehrere Fokussierungspunkte auf, in denen Licht fokussiert wird, das jeweils aus einem von mehreren paarweise aneinander angrenzenden oder sich geringfügig überschneidenden Raumabschnitten des Beobachtungsraums empfangen wird. Zur Reduzierung des erforderlichen Bauraums kann die Spiegelanordnung dabei derart ausgebildet sein, daß das Licht in sich ü- berschneidenden Lichtkeulen zu den Photodetektorelementen gelangt.The mirror arrangement preferably has a plurality of focusing points, in which light is focused, which is received in each case from one of a plurality of spatial sections of the observation space which adjoin one another in pairs or which slightly overlap. To reduce the required installation space, the mirror arrangement can be designed such that the light reaches the photodetector elements in overlapping light lobes.
Vorzugsweisen sind die Empfangseinheit und die Sendeeinheit auf unterschiedlichen Seiten einer Trägerpiatte montiert, so daß die Sensoranordnung als kompakte Anordnung herstellbar ist. Die Sendeeinheit weist vorzugsweise eine gepulst betreibbare Laserdiode als Strahlungsquelle auf. Im Lichtweg des von der Laserdiode ausgesendeten Lichtstrahls ist vorzugsweise ein Lichtleiter vorgesehen, der einen sich in Lichtausbreitungsrichtung verbreiternden Querschnitt aufweist und eine Verbreiterung des Lichtstrahls bewirkt. Vorzugsweise weist die Sendeeinheit eine Fresnellinse auf, die den aus dem Lichtleiter austretenden Lichtstrahl der Laserdiode zu einem breitgefächerten Lichtstrahl verbreitert.The receiving unit and the transmitting unit are preferably mounted on different sides of a carrier plate, so that the sensor arrangement can be produced as a compact arrangement. The transmitter unit preferably has a pulsed laser diode as the radiation source. In the light path of the light beam emitted by the laser diode, a light guide is preferably provided which has a cross section which widens in the direction of light propagation and which causes the light beam to broaden. The transmission unit preferably has a Fresnel lens, which widens the light beam of the laser diode emerging from the light guide into a broadly diversified light beam.
Die Sensoranordnung eignet sich bestens für den Einsatz in Insassenrückhaltesystemen für Kraftfahrzeuge, beispielsweise in Airbagsystemen. Bei einem derartigen Einsatz wird die Sensoranordnung als Pre-Crash-Sensor verwendet, der Objekte detektiert, die sich dem Fahrzeug nähern. Es ist damit möglich, die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines drohenden Zusammenstoßes abzuschätzen und die Stoßempfindlichkeit des Insassenrückhaltesystems entsprechend der Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Zusammenstoßes zu steuern.The sensor arrangement is ideally suited for use in occupant restraint systems for motor vehicles, for example in airbag systems. In such an application, the sensor arrangement is used as a pre-crash sensor that detects objects that are approaching the vehicle. It is thus possible to estimate the likelihood of an impending collision and to control the sensitivity of the occupant restraint system to the likelihood of a collision.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und anhand vonThe invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment and using
Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:Figures explained in more detail. Show it:
Figur 1 eine Prinzipdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoranordnung,FIG. 1 shows a basic illustration of the sensor arrangement according to the invention,
Figur 2 eine Explosionsdarstellung Sensoranordnung aus Figur 1 ,FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the sensor arrangement from FIG. 1,
Figur 3 ein Schnittbild durch die Sendeeinheit der Sensoranordnung aus Figur 1 .FIG. 3 shows a sectional view through the transmission unit of the sensor arrangement from FIG. 1.
Gemäß Figur 1 weist die Sensoranordnung eine Sendeeinheit 1 , eine Empfangseinheit 2, eine Trägerplatte 3 und ein Gehäuse 4 auf. Die Sendeeinheit 1 sendet einen breitgefächerten Lichtstrahl in einen Raumabschnitt S eines Beobachtungsraum aus. Die Empfangseinheit 2 empfängt Licht, das in mindestens einem Raumabschnitt R des Beobachtungsraums an sich dort befindlichen Objekten reflektiert wird. DieAccording to FIG. 1, the sensor arrangement has a transmitting unit 1, a receiving unit 2, a carrier plate 3 and a housing 4. The transmission unit 1 emits a broad light beam into a spatial section S of an observation room. The receiving unit 2 receives light that is reflected in at least one spatial section R of the observation room from objects located there. The
Empfangseinheit 2 und die Sendeeinheit 1 sind auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Trägerplatte 3 montiert. Auf der Trägerplatte 3 sind auch Leiterbahnen aufgebracht, die für den Betrieb der Sendeeinheit 1 und Empfangseinheit 2 benötigt werden. Die Sendeeinheit 1 , die Empfangseinheit 2 und die Trägerplatte 3 sind in dem Gehäuse 4 eingebracht, ein Fenster für das ausgesendete und empfangene Licht aufweist. Das Fenster kann dabei offen sein oder eine für das ausgesendete und empfangene Licht transparente Abdeckung aufweisen.Receiver unit 2 and the transmitter unit 1 are mounted on opposite sides of the carrier plate 3. Conductor tracks, which are required for the operation of the transmitter unit 1 and receiver unit 2, are also applied to the carrier plate 3. The transmitter unit 1, the receiver unit 2 and the carrier plate 3 are introduced into the housing 4 and have a window for the emitted and received light. The window can be open or have a cover that is transparent to the emitted and received light.
• Die Sensoranordnung ist hinter einer Windschutzscheibe 5 eines Kraftfahrzeugs montiert, vorzugsweise im Bereich des Innenspiegels, und sie dient als Pre-Crash- Sensor der Beobachtung eines Raumbereichs in der Umgebung des Kraftfahrzeugs, beispielsweise eines in Fahrtrichtung bis zu einer Entfernung von ca. 1 5 m reichenden Raumbereichs. • The sensor array is located behind a windscreen 5 of a motor vehicle mounted, preferably in the range of the inside mirror, and it serves as a pre-crash sensor, the observation of a space area in the vicinity of the motor vehicle, for example a in the direction of travel up to a distance of about 1 5 m range.
Die Arbeitsweise der Sensoranordnung entspricht der eines optischen Radars, d. h die Sendeeinheit 1 sendet Lichtimpulse aus und die Empfangseinheit 2 detektiert die daraufhin an Objekten reflektierten Lichtimpulse. Aus der Signallaufzeit der gesendeten und reflektierten Lichtimpulse und der Änderung der Signallaufzeit läßt sich dann der Abstand zu den Objekten bzw. die Relativgeschwindigkeit der Objekte berechnen.The operation of the sensor arrangement corresponds to that of an optical radar, i. h the transmitting unit 1 emits light pulses and the receiving unit 2 detects the light pulses then reflected on objects. The distance to the objects or the relative speed of the objects can then be calculated from the signal transit time of the transmitted and reflected light pulses and the change in the signal transit time.
Gemäß Figur 2 weist die Empfangseinheit 2 eine mit der Trägerplatte 3 starr ver- bundene Spiegelvorrichtung 20 auf. Die Spiegelvorrichtung 20 weist ihrerseits drei parabelförmige Spiegelsegmente 20a, 20b, 20c auf, die das aus dem Beobachtungsraum empfangene Licht in jeweils einem Fokussierungspunkt fokussieren. Denkbar sind jedoch auch Spiegelanordnungen 20 mit mehreren oder mit wenigeren Spiegelsegmenten.According to FIG. 2, the receiving unit 2 has a mirror device 20 rigidly connected to the carrier plate 3. The mirror device 20 in turn has three parabolic mirror segments 20a, 20b, 20c, each of which focuses the light received from the observation space in one focusing point. However, mirror arrangements 20 with several or with fewer mirror segments are also conceivable.
Die Empfangseinheit 2 weist ferner eine der Anzahl der Fokussierungspunkte entsprechende Anzahl von Photodetektorelementen 21 a, 21 b, 21 c auf, die jeweils einem der Fokussierungspunkte zugeordnet sind. Die Photodetektorelemente 21 a, 21 b, 21 c sind als PIN-Photodioden ausgeführt und auf der Trägerplatte 3 derart montiert, daß sie Licht detektieren, das im wesentlichen senkrecht auf die Träger- platte 3 einfällt.The receiving unit 2 also has a number of photodetector elements 21 a, 21 b, 21 c corresponding to the number of focusing points, each of which is assigned to one of the focusing points. The photodetector elements 21 a, 21 b, 21 c are designed as PIN photodiodes and are mounted on the carrier plate 3 in such a way that they detect light that is incident essentially perpendicularly on the carrier plate 3.
Des weiteren weist die Empfangseinheit 2 eine einstückig ausgeführte Lichtleiteranordnung 22 auf, die ihrerseits für jeden Fokussierungspunkt der Spiegelvorrichtung 20 ein Lichtleiterelement 22a, 22b, 22c sowie einen Lichtleiterhalter 22d aufweist. Die Lichtleiterelement 22a, 22b, 22c sind dabei über Stege mit dem Lichtleiterhalter 22d fest verbunden. Die Stege sind gegenüber dem Querschnitt der Lichtleiterelemente 22a, 22b, 22c so dünn ausgeführt, daß lediglich ein geringer oder vernach- lässigbarer der Anteil des Lichts aus den Lichtleiterelementen 22a, 22b, 22c in den Lichtleiterhalter 22d ausgekoppelt wird. Die Lichtleiterelemente 22a, 22b, 22c sind jeweils einem der Fokussierungspunkte der Spiegelvorrichtung 20 zugeordnet. Sie sind derart positioniert, daß das in den Fokussierungspunkten fokussierte Licht über das dem jeweiligen Fokussierungspunkt zugeordnete Lichtleiterelement 22a bzw. " 22b bzw. 22c zu derrrdem jeweiligen Fokussierungspunkt zugeordneten Photodetektorelement 21 a bzw. 21 b bzw. 21 c geleitet wird. Das empfangene Licht wird in der Lichtleiteranordnung somit um nahezu 90° umgelenkt.Furthermore, the receiving unit 2 has a one-piece light guide arrangement 22, which in turn has a light guide element 22a, 22b, 22c and a light guide holder 22d for each focusing point of the mirror device 20. The light guide elements 22a, 22b, 22c are firmly connected to the light guide holder 22d via webs. The webs are so thin compared to the cross section of the light guide elements 22a, 22b, 22c that only a slight or negligible The proportion of light from the light guide elements 22a, 22b, 22c is more easily coupled out into the light guide holder 22d. The light guide elements 22a, 22b, 22c are each assigned to one of the focusing points of the mirror device 20. They are positioned in such a way that the light focused in the focus points is guided via the light guide element 22a or " 22b or 22c assigned to the respective focus point to the photodetector element 21a or 21b or 21c assigned to the respective focus point. The received light is thus deflected by almost 90 ° in the light guide arrangement.
Zwischen der Lichtleiteranordnung 22 und den Photodetektorelementen 21 a, 21 b, 21 c ist eine Abschirmung 23 vorgesehen, die verhindert, daß das aus den Lichtleiterelementen 22a, 22b, 22c austretende Licht zu anderen als den jeweils zugehörigen Photodetektorelementen 21 a bzw. 21 b bzw. 21 c gelangt.Between the light guide arrangement 22 and the photodetector elements 21 a, 21 b, 21 c, a shield 23 is provided, which prevents the light emerging from the light guide elements 22a, 22b, 22c from other than the respectively associated photodetector elements 21 a or 21 b or 21 c arrives.
Die Anzahl der Fokussierungspunkte bestimmt die horizontale Ortsauflösung der Sensoranordnung, da jedes Spiegelsegment nur das aus einem bestimmten Raum- abschnitt des Beobachtungsraums empfangene Licht in seinem Fokussierungspunkt fokussiert. So wird bei dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Fall nur das aus dem Raumabschnitt R empfangene Licht zum Fokussierungspunkt des mittleren Spiegelsegments 20b fokussiert. Mit dem mittleren Photodetektorelement 21 b läßt sich somit nur ein im Raumabschnitt R befindliches Objekt detektieren. Zu den übrigen Fokussie- rungspunkten wird Licht fokussiert, das aus Raumabschnitten empfangen wird, die an den Raumabschnitt R angrenzenden oder sich mit diesem teilweise überschneiden.The number of focusing points determines the horizontal spatial resolution of the sensor arrangement, since each mirror segment focuses only the light received from a specific spatial section of the observation space in its focusing point. Thus, in the case shown in FIG. 1, only the light received from the spatial section R is focused to the focusing point of the central mirror segment 20b. With the central photodetector element 21 b, only an object located in the spatial section R can thus be detected. At the other focusing points, light is focused that is received from spatial sections that adjoin or partially overlap the spatial section R.
Gemäß Figur 3 umfaßt die Sendeeinheit 1 eine als Laserdiode 10 ausgeführte Strahlungsquelle, einen Lichtleiter 1 1 und eine Fresnellinse 1 2, die allesamt in einem Gehäuseteil 1 3 untergebracht sind.According to FIG. 3, the transmitter unit 1 comprises a radiation source designed as a laser diode 10, a light guide 11 and a Fresnel lens 1 2, all of which are accommodated in a housing part 1 3.
Der Lichtleiter 1 1 und die Fresnellinse 1 2 befinden sich im Strahlengang des von der gepulst betriebenen Laserdiode 10 ausgesendeten Laserstrahls. Der Lichtleiter 1 1 weist einen sich in Lichtausbreitungsrichtung verbreiternden Querschnitt auf. In ihm wird der Laserstrahl durch mehrfache Totalreflexion verbreitert, so daß das aus der Lichtaustrittsfläche 1 1 a des Lichtleiters 1 1 austretende Licht nicht mehr auf eine der Lichtaustrittsfläche der Laserdiode 1 0 entsprechende Fläche fokussierbar ist. Für eine zur Sendeeinheit 1 blickende Person wird damit die Gefahr einer Augenschädigung durch den Laserstrahl reduziert.The light guide 1 1 and the Fresnel lens 1 2 are located in the beam path of the laser beam emitted by the pulsed laser diode 10. The light guide 11 has a cross section widening in the direction of light propagation. In it, the laser beam is broadened by multiple total reflection, so that the light emerging from the light exit surface 1 1 a of the light guide 1 1 can no longer be focused on an area corresponding to the light exit surface of the laser diode 1 0 is. For a person looking towards the transmission unit 1, the risk of eye damage from the laser beam is thus reduced.
Die Fresnellinse 1 2 bewirkt eine Verbreiterung des aus dem Lichtleiter 1 1 austretenden Laserstrahls zu einem breitgefächerten Lichtstrahl. Sie ist hierzu beidseitig mit einer Fresnelstruktur mit ebenen Wirkflanken versehen, wobei die Fresnelstruk- tur der einen Oberflächenseite eine horizontale Verbreiterung des Laserstrahls auf einen Winkel von beispielsweise 45° und die Fresnelstruktur der anderen Oberflächenseite eine vertikale Verbreiterung des Laserstrahls auf einen Winkel von beispielsweise 10° bis 1 2° bewirkt.The Fresnel lens 1 2 causes the laser beam emerging from the light guide 1 1 to widen to form a wide-ranging light beam. For this purpose, it is provided on both sides with a Fresnel structure with flat active flanks, the Fresnel structure on one surface side horizontally widening the laser beam to an angle of, for example, 45 ° and the Fresnel structure on the other surface side vertically widening the laser beam to an angle of, for example, 10 ° up to 1 2 °.
Die Sensoranordnung wird in einem Insassenrückhaltesystem eines Kraftfahrzeugs als Pre-Crash-Sensor verwendet. In einem derartigen System besteht die Aufgabe der Sensoranordnung darin, Objekte zu detektieren, die sich dem Fahrzeug nähern. Durch Auswertung der Signallaufzeit des ausgesendeten und empfangenen Lichts läßt sich dann der Abstand zu den Objekten und die Relativgeschwindigkeit dieser Objekte ermittelten und die Gefahr abschätzen, ob es zu einem Zusammenstoß mit einem der Objekte kommt. Ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Zusammenstoßes hoch, wird die Auslöseschwelle des Insassenrückhaltesystems soweit reduziert, daß bereits ein geringer Stoß zu einer Auslösung von Rückhaltemitteln, beispielsweise eines Airbags, führt. Dies hat eine schnellere Auslösung der Rückhaltemittel und somit eine Erhöhung der bezweckten Schutzwirkung für die Insassen des Fahrzeugs zurThe sensor arrangement is used as a pre-crash sensor in a passenger restraint system of a motor vehicle. In such a system, the task of the sensor arrangement is to detect objects that are approaching the vehicle. By evaluating the signal transit time of the emitted and received light, the distance to the objects and the relative speed of these objects can then be determined and the risk can be assessed as to whether there is a collision with one of the objects. If the likelihood of a collision is high, the triggering threshold of the occupant restraint system is reduced to such an extent that even a minor impact leads to the triggering of restraint devices, for example an airbag. This has a faster release of the restraining means and thus an increase in the intended protective effect for the occupants of the vehicle
Folge. Episode.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Sensoranordnung zur Abstands- oder Geschwindigkeitsmessung mit einer Sende- einheit (1 ) zum Aussenden von Licht in einen Beobachtungsraum und mit einer Empfangseinheit (2) zum Empfangen von im Beobachtungsraum an Objekten reflektiertem Licht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Empfangseinheit (2) eine Spiegelvorrichtung (20) zur Fokussierung des empfangenen Lichts in mindestens einem Fokussierungspunkt aufweist und daß in der Empfangseinheit (2) dem oder jedem Fo- kussierungspunkt ein Photodetektorelement (21 a, 21 b, 21 c) zur Detektion des fo- kussierten Lichts zugeordnet ist.1 . Sensor arrangement for distance or speed measurement with a transmitter unit (1) for emitting light into an observation room and with a receiver unit (2) for receiving light reflected from objects in the observation room, characterized in that the receiver unit (2) has a mirror device ( 20) for focusing the received light in at least one focusing point and that in the receiving unit (2) the or each focusing point is assigned a photodetector element (21 a, 21 b, 21 c) for detecting the focused light.
2. Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Empfangseinheit (2) dem oder jedem Fokussierungspunkt ein Lichtleiterelement (22a, 22b, 22c) zugeordnet ist, über das Licht von dem oder dem jeweiligen Fokussie- rungspunkt zum zugeordneten Photodetektorelement (21 a, 21 b, 21 c) geleitet wird.2. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that in the receiving unit (2) the or each focusing point is assigned a light guide element (22a, 22b, 22c), via which light from the or the respective focusing point to the assigned photodetector element (21 a , 21 b, 21 c) is conducted.
3. Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spiegelvorrichtung (20) eine der Anzahl der Fokussierungspunkte entsprechende Anzahl von parabelförmigen Spiegelsegmenten (20a, 20b, 20c) aufweist.3. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mirror device (20) has a number of parabolic mirror segments (20a, 20b, 20c) corresponding to the number of focusing points.
4. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeich- net, daß das oder jedes Lichtleiterelement (22a, 22b, 22c) über mindestens einen gegenüber dem Querschnitt des Lichtleiterelements dünnen Steg mit einem Lichtleiterhalter (22d) verbunden ist.4. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or each light guide element (22a, 22b, 22c) is connected to a light guide holder (22d) via at least one web which is thin relative to the cross section of the light guide element.
5. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spiegelvorrichtung (20) mehrere Fokussierungspunkte aufweist, in de- nen Licht fokussiert wird, das jeweils aus einem von mehreren paarweise benachbarten oder sich teilweise überschneidenden Raumabschnitten des Beobachtungsraums empfangen wird. 5. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mirror device (20) has a plurality of focusing points, in which light is focused, which is received from one of several adjacent or partially overlapping spatial sections of the observation room.
6. Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spiegelvorrichtung (20) derart ausgebildet ist, daß das Licht in sich überschneidenden Lichtkeulen zu den Photodetektorelementen (21 a, 21 b, 21 c) gelangt.6. Sensor arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the mirror device (20) is designed such that the light in overlapping light lobes reaches the photodetector elements (21 a, 21 b, 21 c).
7. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeich- net, daß das oder jedes Photodetektorelement (21 a, 21 b, 21 c) als PIN-Photodiode ausgeführt ist.7. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or each photodetector element (21 a, 21 b, 21 c) is designed as a PIN photodiode.
8. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Empfangseinheit (2) und die Sendeeinheit (1 ) auf unterschiedlichen Seiten einer Trägerplatte (3) montiert sind.8. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving unit (2) and the transmitting unit (1) are mounted on different sides of a carrier plate (3).
9. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sendeeinheit (1) eine gepulst betreibbare Laserdiode (10) als Strahlungsquelle aufweist.9. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitter unit (1) has a pulsed laser diode (10) as a radiation source.
10. Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sendeeinheit (1 ) im Lichtweg eines von der Laserdiode (10) ausgesendeten Laserstrahls einen sich in Lichtausbreitungsrichtung verbreitenden Lichtleiter (1 1 ) zur Verbreiterung des Laserstrahls aufweist.10. Sensor arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that the transmitter unit (1) in the light path of a laser beam emitted by the laser diode (10) has a light guide (1 1) which spreads in the direction of light propagation to broaden the laser beam.
1 1 . Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 1 0, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sendeeinheit (1 ) eine Fresnellinse (1 2) zur Verbreiterung des aus dem Lichtleiter (1 1 ) austretenden Laserstrahls zu einem breitgefächerten Lichtstrahl aufweist.1 1. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1 0, characterized in that the transmission unit (1) has a Fresnel lens (1 2) for broadening the laser beam emerging from the light guide (1 1) to form a wide-ranging light beam.
1 2. Verwendung der Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche als1 2. Use of the sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims as
Pre-Crash-Sensor in einem Insassenrückhaltesystem für Kraftfahrzeuge. Pre-crash sensor in a passenger restraint system for motor vehicles.
PCT/DE2002/004338 2001-12-13 2002-11-27 Sensor arrangement for measurement of separation or speed WO2003054578A1 (en)

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DE10161233A DE10161233A1 (en) 2001-12-13 2001-12-13 Sensor arrangement for distance or speed measurement has light receiver unit with mirror device for focusing received light to focusing point(s) associated with photodetector element(s)

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