WO2002074105A1 - Method for manufacturing processed foods - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing processed foods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002074105A1 WO2002074105A1 PCT/SG2001/000042 SG0100042W WO02074105A1 WO 2002074105 A1 WO2002074105 A1 WO 2002074105A1 SG 0100042 W SG0100042 W SG 0100042W WO 02074105 A1 WO02074105 A1 WO 02074105A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- seafood
- pufa
- fish
- food
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000021067 refined food Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000006014 omega-3 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 46
- 235000020660 omega-3 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229940012843 omega-3 fatty acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000020673 eicosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229960005135 eicosapentaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosapentaenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCC(O)=O YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000018823 dietary intake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019465 surimi Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010008088 Cerebral artery embolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000021294 Docosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010061216 Infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000008452 baby food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003026 cod liver oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012716 cod liver oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N delta1-THC Chemical compound C1=C(C)CC[C@H]2C(C)(C)OC3=CC(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C3[C@@H]21 CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004626 essential fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013410 fast food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013350 formula milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007574 infarction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010849 intracranial embolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/75—Coating with a layer, stuffing, laminating, binding or compressing of original fish pieces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/70—Comminuted, e.g. emulsified, fish products; Processed products therefrom such as pastes, reformed or compressed products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
- A23L33/12—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/15—Vitamins
- A23L33/155—Vitamins A or D
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the invention relates to the manufacture of processed foods, particularly the incorporation of dietary supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids in to processed seafoods.
- PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
- EPA omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid
- DHA docosapentaenoic acid
- the generally recognised source of PUFAs is the flesh and oil of certain marine cold water finfish.
- a daily intake of 1.5g EPA for an adult would require a consumption of 225g fatty cold water fish everyday.
- the mean daily per capita intake of fish is only 14g.
- the average consumption of fish may be greater (for example 74g of fish per day in Singapore), however typically the type of fish consumed in countries such as Singapore is tropical fish, which are low in omega-3 fatty acids. In both of these examples the average consumption is much lower than the recommended intake.
- Oils extracted from cold water fish (such as cod liver oil) are frequently consumed as supplements for PUFAs. However, the taste and odour associated with fish oil is considered objectionable by many people.
- Free oil is generally immiscible with water because of its hydrophobic nature.
- Many foods are hydrophilic in nature, including, for example, the ingredients which make up processed seafoods.
- vigorous mixing is employed.
- a very high level of agitation produces fine oil droplets as a suspension in the hydrophilic phase i.e. an oil-in-water emulsion, thereby increasing the surface area to volume ratio.
- This method is not suitable for incorporation of oil in processed seafoods due to the second key characteristic of processed seafoods.
- a thick seafood paste is formed.
- the high viscosity of this seafood paste means that it is not suitable for mixing using high agitation rates.
- the method of mixing which is typically employed for such a thick paste is slow mixing. To use this to incorporate oil in processed seafoods would result in poor mixing and therefore oxidation (rancidity) of exposed oil. Leakage of the oil during cooking is also a risk.
- a further object is to provide a food product, particularly a processed seafood product, which is high in its content of desirable oils, particularly PUFAs.
- a method for incorporating PUFA oils into seafood to produce seafood preparations including admixing at least one PUFA oil with said seafood, said at least one PUFA oil being adsorbed onto a solid carrier, or being in the form of a stable emulsion in a liquid carrier.
- Suitable solid carriers are carriers which are hydrophobic, ensuring the oil adequately adsorbs to the carrier. Mesh sizes of up to 20 USP are conveniently used, however smaller sizes have the advantage of a larger oil adsorbing surface area per carrier mass and produce finer droplets in the food. Consequently sizes of less than 40 USP are preferable and particularly preferable is a size of less than 50 USP.
- a suitable such carrier is modified starch.
- Suitable liquid carriers are those which when mixed with said PUFA oil result in a stable oil-in-water emulsion.
- One such carrier is water.
- Suitable surfactants may be utilised to facilitate the formation of a stable emulsion.
- an oil in water emulsion is formed utilising any acceptable food grade emulsifier.
- ice cold water is utilised since this results in greater stability of the emulsion.
- the emuslion can then be mixed into the seafood paste in a known manner.
- antioxidants can be mixed into the oil to assist in preventing spoilage of the oil.
- Vitamins A and E have dietary value in themselves, as well as their value as an antioxidant, and therefore make also particularly suitable additives.
- ingredients such as spices, vegetables or meats may also be added to the processed food.
- a processed seafood made by made by admixing a PUFA oil with a seafood, said PUFA oil being adsorbed onto a solid carrier, or being in the form of a stable emulsion in a liquid carrier.
- PUFA oil being adsorbed onto a solid carrier, or being in the form of a stable emulsion in a liquid carrier.
- Suitable examples of a food prepared by this means are fish balls, fish cakes and sea sticks, due to their popularity as a food source, as well as previously described difficulties in incorporating and maintaining oils in this type of food.
- the carriers identified hereinabove are favorably used in the preparation of this food.
- the food may also desirably include other ingredients such as those identified hereinabove.
- Advantageous additional steps in producing the food are also identified hereinabove.
- a number of preparations of the food were made by preparing a range of oil mixtures containing various concentrations of EPA and DHA. These mixtures provided a series of appropriate supplemental ratios of the two omega-3 fatty acids.
- oil soluble antioxidants either vitamin A and/or vitamin E
- the oil composition was adsorbed on a modified starch solid carrier of a mesh size of less than 50 USP. Thus an oil-antioxidant-carrier complex was formed.
- the oil-antioxidant-carrier complex was blended into a small volume of fish paste.
- Some of the omega-3 enriched fish paste was then mixed with a fish bulk to make fish balls and fish cakes.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
A method for incorporating omega-3-oils into processed food products, such as seafoods, which incorporates PUFA oils into substantially hydrophilic foods to produce semi-solid food preparations which contain substantially enhanced levels of the oil, including admixing at least one PUFA oil with said substantially hydrophilic food, said at least one PUFA oil being adsorbed onto a solid carrier, or being in the form of a stable emulsion in a liquid carrier. A useful solid carrier is modified starch. This method results in a product in which the oil is incorporated in the seafood sufficiently to reduce the likelihood of oxidation, and therefore spoilage, of the oil, as well as leakage of the oil during cooking. The inclusion of antioxidants and other additives in the food can be made.
Description
Method for Manufacturing Processed Foods
The invention relates to the manufacture of processed foods, particularly the incorporation of dietary supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids in to processed seafoods.
In humans, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important dietary components required for the proper development of the brain and vision in infants (Putnam JC et al., Am. J. Chin. Nutr. 54: 438, 1982), as well as being an aid to development of human intelligence (Patent no CN1130040, Xang Xuebin). Additionally some of the PUFAs, e.g. omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DHA) have been recognised as dietary components which are capable of assisting in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (Simpopoulous AP, Am. J. Cli. Nutr. 35: 106, 1991 ), such as arteriosclerosis, cerebral embolism and myocardiac infarction (Patent no CN1108891 , Dalian Chemical Physics Inst). The nutritional importance of these essential fatty acids has been underscored by the fact that the governments of several Scandinavian countries and that of Canada have established daily recommended dietary intakes for omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. Health and Welfare Canada, 1991 ). The British Nutritional Foundation (Nicol WM, Food Safety Notebook, 3: 57, 1992) has also published recommendations for dietary intake of these PUFAs. These recommendations fall in the range of 1.0 - 3.0 of omega-3 fatty acids per person per day for optimal nutrition. Children need about 1.0g while lactating mothers need about 0.3g omega-3 fatty acids per day. The needs of children and adults differ in the type of oil required; children require higher level of DHA while adults need more EPA.
The generally recognised source of PUFAs is the flesh and oil of certain marine cold water finfish. A daily intake of 1.5g EPA for an adult would require a consumption of 225g fatty cold water fish everyday. In the United States, the mean daily per capita intake of fish is only 14g. In other counties the average consumption of fish may be greater (for example 74g of fish per day in Singapore), however typically the type of fish consumed in countries such as Singapore is tropical fish, which are low in omega-3 fatty acids. In both of these examples the average consumption is much lower than the recommended intake.
Oils extracted from cold water fish (such as cod liver oil) are frequently consumed as supplements for PUFAs. However, the taste and odour associated with fish oil is considered objectionable by many people.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been previously incorporated in foods such as infant formulae, baby food and milk (United States Patent 5,013,569, Century Laboratories Inc; European Patent EP093748, Nestle SA; United States Patent 5,397,591 , Martek Biosciences Corporation; Patent no CN1108891 , Dalian Chemical Physics Inst). However a number of disadvantages of the addition of oils to these products have been identified. Firstly, the odour omitted by the oil may be unpleasant; secondly the oil is prone to oxidation causing it to turn rancid; thirdly, the oil may leak out of the product during cooking. Some attempts have been made to solve these problems, for example, to encapsulate the oil in a capsule (United States Patent 5,013,569) or in puffed starch (Patent no CN 1130040, Xang Xuebin). Furthermore, mixing wet grain flour with the oil has been used in an attempt to prevent oxidation of the oil (Japanese application no 07022490, Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd).
Increasingly, consumers in industrialised countries are demanding ready- to-eat, highly processed food such as fast foods. The inclusion of nutritious additives would greatly benefit consumers who regularly eat such products. One such food which is very popular with both adults and children is processed seafood products such as fish balls, fish cakes and sea sticks (surimi). Omega-3 fatty acid enriched processed seafoods would therefore serve as a desirable source of PUFAs. However, processed seafoods, like many other popular processed foods, are not inherently suitable for the incorporation of omega-3 oils due to two of their key properties.
Free oil is generally immiscible with water because of its hydrophobic nature. Many foods are hydrophilic in nature, including, for example, the ingredients which make up processed seafoods. Generally, to overcome problems associated with immiscibility of hydrophobic liquids in hydrophilic substances, vigorous mixing is employed. A very high level of agitation produces fine oil droplets as a suspension in the hydrophilic phase i.e. an oil-in-water emulsion, thereby increasing the surface area to volume ratio.
This method is not suitable for incorporation of oil in processed seafoods due to the second key characteristic of processed seafoods. During the manufacture of processed seafoods a thick seafood paste is formed. The high viscosity of this seafood paste means that it is not suitable for mixing using high agitation rates. The method of mixing which is typically employed for such a thick paste is slow mixing. To use this to incorporate oil in processed seafoods would result in poor mixing and therefore oxidation (rancidity) of exposed oil. Leakage of the oil during cooking is also a risk.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing processed foods, particularly seafoods to incorporate oils such as omega-3 fatty acids. A further object is to provide a food product, particularly a processed seafood product, which is high in its content of desirable oils, particularly PUFAs.
Accordingly there is provided a method for incorporating PUFA oils into seafood to produce seafood preparations, including admixing at least one PUFA oil with said seafood, said at least one PUFA oil being adsorbed onto a solid carrier, or being in the form of a stable emulsion in a liquid carrier.
When a solid carrier is used leakage of oil is substantially prevented partly because of the adsorption of the oil on the carrier, and also because the use of a carrier allows dispersion of fine oil droplets, deeply embedded into the food. This prevents leakage of oil and deterioration by oxidation of the food during cooking. Likewise, when the oil is incorporated in the seafood as a stable emulsion in a liquid carrier, leakage of oil is substantially prevented.
This method is applied to seafood due to its hydrophilic and high viscosity characteristics and results in a product which is free of the odours and tastes commonly associated with PUFA oils. It has also been found that oils mixed into the food using a method according to the invention did not readily oxidize when incorporated in seafood, an unexpected additional advantage therefore being recognised. Leakage of the oil from the final product is also minimised. Suitable solid carriers are carriers which are hydrophobic, ensuring the oil adequately adsorbs to the carrier. Mesh sizes of up to 20 USP are conveniently used, however smaller sizes have the advantage of a larger oil adsorbing surface area per carrier mass and produce finer droplets in the food. Consequently sizes
of less than 40 USP are preferable and particularly preferable is a size of less than 50 USP. A suitable such carrier is modified starch.
Suitable liquid carriers are those which when mixed with said PUFA oil result in a stable oil-in-water emulsion. One such carrier is water. Suitable surfactants may be utilised to facilitate the formation of a stable emulsion.
In one preferred method of preparing a processed seafood product incorporating high levels of PUFA oils, an oil in water emulsion is formed utilising any acceptable food grade emulsifier. Preferably, ice cold water is utilised since this results in greater stability of the emulsion. The emuslion can then be mixed into the seafood paste in a known manner.
An advantageous method of preparing the processed seafood utilising a solid carrier includes blending the solid carrier into a small volume of fish paste and combining the fish paste into the bulk of the fish. Alternatively, the fish paste can be incorporated into a glue and applied in between layers of fish sheets. The method also may include the step of cooking the food, for example by steaming it.
A particularly advantageous PUFA oil is an omega-3 oil as these are known to be of high dietary value, particularly when obtained from fish. Particularly, it is known that adults require high levels of EPA and children high levels of DHA, making these oils especially suitable. Different ratios of the different oils may be included in products directed at the different types of consumers.
Usefully, antioxidants can be mixed into the oil to assist in preventing spoilage of the oil. Vitamins A and E have dietary value in themselves, as well as their value as an antioxidant, and therefore make also particularly suitable additives.
Other ingredients such as spices, vegetables or meats may also be added to the processed food.
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a processed seafood made by made by admixing a PUFA oil with a seafood, said PUFA oil being adsorbed onto a solid carrier, or being in the form of a stable emulsion in a liquid carrier.
Suitable examples of a food prepared by this means are fish balls, fish cakes and sea sticks, due to their popularity as a food source, as well as previously described difficulties in incorporating and maintaining oils in this type of food. The carriers identified hereinabove are favorably used in the preparation of this food.
It is desirable to include high levels of EPA and/or DHA to provide a food of high nutritional value for adults and children. The food may also desirably include other ingredients such as those identified hereinabove. Advantageous additional steps in producing the food are also identified hereinabove. Example
A number of preparations of the food were made by preparing a range of oil mixtures containing various concentrations of EPA and DHA. These mixtures provided a series of appropriate supplemental ratios of the two omega-3 fatty acids. In some of the mixtures, oil soluble antioxidants (either vitamin A and/or vitamin E) were included forming an oil composition. The oil composition was adsorbed on a modified starch solid carrier of a mesh size of less than 50 USP. Thus an oil-antioxidant-carrier complex was formed. The oil-antioxidant-carrier complex was blended into a small volume of fish paste. Some of the omega-3 enriched fish paste was then mixed with a fish bulk to make fish balls and fish cakes. Some of the fish paste was incorporated into a glue, which was applied in between layers of fish sheets to make sea sticks (surimi). While the foregoing example provides a preferred method of carrying out the method of the invention, a skilled person will recognise that various modifications and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Particularly the manufacture of processed seafood provides a convenient example of preparing a nutritionally enhanced and popular food, however the method could be applied to a wide range a food types which the skilled person will readily recognise.
Claims
1. A method for incorporating PUFA oils into seafoods to produce seafood preparations which contain substantially enhanced levels of the oil, including admixing at least one PUFA oil with said seafood, said at least one PUFA oil being adsorbed onto a solid carrier, or being in the form of a stable emulsion in a liquid carrier.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein oil particles or oil droplets have a diameter of less than 50 μm.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein oil particles or oil droplets have a diameter of less than 100 μm.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein oil particles or oil droplets have a diameter of less than 200 μm.
5. A method according to claim 5 including blending the solid carrier into a small volume of fish paste and combining the fish paste into the bulk of the fish.
6. A method according to claims 5 or 6 including blending the solid carrier into a small volume of fish paste, incorporating the fish paste into a glue and applying the glue in between layers of fish sheets.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the oil is an omega-3 oil.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the oil includes EPA and/or DHA.
9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein one or more antioxidants are added to the oil.
10. A processed seafood made by admixing a PUFA oil with a seafood, said PUFA oil being adsorbed onto a solid carrier, or being in the form of a stable emulsion in a liquid carrier.
11. A seafood according to claim 10 wherein the oil particles or oil droplets have a diameter of less than 50 μm.
12. A seafood according to claim 10 or 11 wherein the oil particles or oil droplets have a diameter of less than 100 μm.
13. A seafood according to any one of claims 10 to 12 wherein the oil particles or oil droplets have a diameter of less than 200 μm.
14. A seafood according to any one of claims 10 to 13 wherein the seafood is made according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
15. A seafood according to any one of claims 10 to 14 including levels of EPA which are higher than the levels of DHA.
16. A seafood according to any one of claims 10 to 14 including levels of DHA which are higher than the levels of EPA.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SG2001/000042 WO2002074105A1 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2001-03-20 | Method for manufacturing processed foods |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SG2001/000042 WO2002074105A1 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2001-03-20 | Method for manufacturing processed foods |
Publications (1)
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WO2002074105A1 true WO2002074105A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
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PCT/SG2001/000042 WO2002074105A1 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2001-03-20 | Method for manufacturing processed foods |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003102072A1 (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2003-12-11 | Granate Seed Limited | Starch products involving a starch-lipid complex, their preparation and uses |
EP2068664A2 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2009-06-17 | Martek Biosciences Corporation | Processed meat products and methods of making |
DE102008019779A1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | Andreas Nuske | Raw mass for the production of meat emulsion, consists of meat or meat substitute, ice and/or water, fish, alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and/or eicosapentaen acid, and adhesive |
WO2011048160A1 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2011-04-28 | Andreas Nuske | Sausage products |
EP2625969A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-14 | Emmanouil Domazakis | Method for the preparation of oil-containing meat-based products comprising a direct oil addition protocol |
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GB2098065A (en) * | 1981-04-14 | 1982-11-17 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd | Antithrombotic compositions containing docosahexaenoic acid |
JPS60102168A (en) * | 1983-11-08 | 1985-06-06 | Tsukishima Shokuhin Kogyo Kk | Production of food enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid |
EP0581267A1 (en) * | 1992-07-29 | 1994-02-02 | Taiyo Fishery Co., Ltd. | Process for producing docosahexaenoic acid-enriched fish meat food |
US6048557A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 2000-04-11 | Dsm N.V. | PUFA coated solid carrier particles for foodstuff |
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GB2098065A (en) * | 1981-04-14 | 1982-11-17 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd | Antithrombotic compositions containing docosahexaenoic acid |
JPS60102168A (en) * | 1983-11-08 | 1985-06-06 | Tsukishima Shokuhin Kogyo Kk | Production of food enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid |
EP0581267A1 (en) * | 1992-07-29 | 1994-02-02 | Taiyo Fishery Co., Ltd. | Process for producing docosahexaenoic acid-enriched fish meat food |
US6048557A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 2000-04-11 | Dsm N.V. | PUFA coated solid carrier particles for foodstuff |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003102072A1 (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2003-12-11 | Granate Seed Limited | Starch products involving a starch-lipid complex, their preparation and uses |
EP2068664A2 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2009-06-17 | Martek Biosciences Corporation | Processed meat products and methods of making |
EP2068664A4 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2009-12-16 | Martek Biosciences Corp | Processed meat products and methods of making |
DE102008019779A1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | Andreas Nuske | Raw mass for the production of meat emulsion, consists of meat or meat substitute, ice and/or water, fish, alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and/or eicosapentaen acid, and adhesive |
WO2011048160A1 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2011-04-28 | Andreas Nuske | Sausage products |
US10537126B2 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2020-01-21 | Andreas Nuske | Sausage products |
EP2625969A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-14 | Emmanouil Domazakis | Method for the preparation of oil-containing meat-based products comprising a direct oil addition protocol |
WO2013117347A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-15 | Emmanouil Domazakis | Method for the preparation of oil-containing meat-based products comprising a direct oil addition protocol |
CN104349683A (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2015-02-11 | 伊曼诺伊尔·杜马扎基斯 | Method for preparing an oil-containing meat-based product comprising a direct oiling procedure |
CN104349683B (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2019-02-15 | 伊曼诺伊尔·杜马扎基斯 | Method for preparing an oil-containing meat-based product comprising a direct oiling procedure |
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