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WO2002047513A1 - Multiple-position armchair - Google Patents

Multiple-position armchair Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002047513A1
WO2002047513A1 PCT/FR2001/003949 FR0103949W WO0247513A1 WO 2002047513 A1 WO2002047513 A1 WO 2002047513A1 FR 0103949 W FR0103949 W FR 0103949W WO 0247513 A1 WO0247513 A1 WO 0247513A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
backrest
seat
articulated
articulation
legrest
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2001/003949
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gilles Galichet
Sylvie Galichet
Original Assignee
Inov'hom
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inov'hom filed Critical Inov'hom
Priority to AU2002219288A priority Critical patent/AU2002219288A1/en
Publication of WO2002047513A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002047513A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61GTRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/006Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs convertible to stretchers or beds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47CCHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C1/00Chairs adapted for special purposes
    • A47C1/02Reclining or easy chairs
    • A47C1/031Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
    • A47C1/034Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts including a leg-rest or foot-rest
    • A47C1/035Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts including a leg-rest or foot-rest in combination with movably coupled seat and back-rest, i.e. the seat and back-rest being movably coupled in such a way that the extension mechanism of the foot-rest is actuated at least by the relative movements of seat and backrest
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61GTRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/10Parts, details or accessories
    • A61G5/12Rests specially adapted therefor, e.g. for the head or the feet
    • A61G5/125Rests specially adapted therefor, e.g. for the head or the feet for arms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61GTRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/10Parts, details or accessories
    • A61G5/14Standing-up or sitting-down aids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-position armchair, of the type making it possible to pass continuously and sequentially from a lying position to a standing position, and vice versa, passing through intermediate positions, in particular semi-seated, seated, semi-standing .
  • an armchair comprises a seat, a backrest, and a leg rest, articulated between them and with respect to a frame resting on the ground.
  • Multi-position comfort chairs are already known, intended to ensure different comfort positions, generally between a lying position, or a semi-lying position, and a sitting position.
  • the armchair is designed so as to be able, by means of complementary motor means, to accompany the movement of the user even in a standing position.
  • articulated chairs are known, such as for example dental chairs, making it possible to support the patient in various positions between the sitting position and a semi-reclining position.
  • articulated operating beds or tables so as to be able to pass from a lying position, the table then being perfectly flat, to a semi-sitting position.
  • it is not primarily sought to provide a position of comfort for the seated or lying person, but a position most suitable for practicing medical operations or patient care.
  • there is no a priori need to ensure large amplitudes of movement while the patient is on the operating table or the chair there is also no obvious need ensure continuity of comfort between the extreme positions of the operating table or chair.
  • the seat and back positions can be controlled independently.
  • all combinations of positions cannot be reasonably used, and consequently the adjustments conventionally allow the adjusted part of the seat to be positioned only within a limited range of positions.
  • all the more numerous as there are several adjustable parts most combinations can in fact prove to be uncomfortable, useless and even contrary to ergonomics, and can even contribute to an amplification of certain physical problems of the user, and this without the user being necessarily well aware of it at the start.
  • These problems are particularly known and studied for example for car seats, or workstation arrangements, where ergonomic considerations lead to link the movements of the seat and back for example, to prevent combinations of uncomfortable or even harmful positions.
  • Some ergonomic seats have already been proposed to solve this type of problem, but are only intended to bring the relative pivot axis of the backrest relative to the seat to the pivot axis of the user's hips, over limited strokes , for example to allow a height adjustment with variation of the inclination of the seat while maintaining the general vertical direction of the backrest, as shown in document US 5261723, or to ensure a coordination of the inclination of the seat with a voluntary modification of the inclination of the backrest as shown in document US 5,577,802.
  • the invention therefore aims to solve these problems. It aims in particular to propose an ergonomic and comfortable multi-position armchair and moreover preventing it from being placed in unwanted and physiologically harmful positions.
  • the object of the invention is a multi-position armchair of the type comprising a frame, suitable for resting on the floor, a seat and a backrest pivoting with respect to the seat along a transverse pivot axis, the seat, the backrest and the frame being also connected between them by means of articulations and control means for adjusting their relative positions.
  • the chair is characterized in that the articulation means comprise: - a lifting frame articulated on a front part of the chassis along a transverse pivot axis and at the rear of which is articulated a lower part of the backrest, a connecting assembly connecting the rear end of the seat to a lower end point of the backrest, distant from the articulation of the backrest on the lifting frame, and the control means are arranged so as to ensure coordinated movements of the seat and the backrest according to a predetermined continuous and unique displacement law between a sitting position where the backrest is substantially vertical while the seat is substantially horizontal and either a lying position where the backrest and the seat are substantially in horizontal alignment, i.e.
  • said articulation means as well as the trajectory of the instantaneous geometric axis of articulation of the backrest with respect to the seat being determined so that said instantaneous geometric axis is permanently located at substantially constant distances respectively from the general plan of the seat and the general plan of the backrest, so as to remain permanently substantially at the level of the hip joint of the user.
  • the position of the instantaneous pivot axis between seat and backrest ensures a progressive variation in spacing between the rear of the seat and the bottom of the backrest, during a variation of the relative inclination between backrest and seat, this variation of spacing being able to avoid any compression or traction effect between the trunk and the thighs of the user.
  • this spacing increases, to avoid the aforementioned pincer effect, then decreases from the sitting position towards the standing position, to avoid the stripping effect also pre-mentioned.
  • the lifting frame, the connection assembly, and the articulations between these elements and the seat and the backrest are arranged so that, when the backrest pivots relatively with respect to to the said lifting frame around the axis of the articulation, the backrest causes, by means of said connecting assembly, a pivoting of the seat such that the lower edge of the backrest and the rear edge of the seat move towards each other when the backrest and seat move to a position where they are substantially in alignment, and move away from each other when the backrest and seat move towards the sitting position.
  • the chair includes means for adjusting the position of the lower end point of the backrest relative to the backrest, in order to be able to adjust the position of the backrest relative to the seat according to the morphology of the user. .
  • the armchair comprises a leg rest pivoting with respect to the seat along a transverse pivot axis
  • the articulation means are arranged to ensure the coordinated movement of the legrest with respect to the seat and the backrest, according to a predetermined continuous and unique displacement law between a lying position where the backrest, the seat and the legrest are substantially in horizontal alignment and a standing position where the backrest, seat and legrest are substantially in vertical alignment, passing through intermediate positions including a seated position where the backrest and legrest are substantially vertical while the seat is substantially horizontal.
  • connection assembly comprises a return lever mounted pivoting towards the rear of the lifting frame and articulated moreover by an upper end on the rear of the seat, and a connecting rod the end point lower backrest at a lower end of said return lever.
  • the return lever is a V-shaped lever whose tip is pivotally mounted at the rear of the seat and which comprises a first arm articulated on the rear end of the lifting frame and a second arm on the end of which is connected the link.
  • connection assembly only comprises a link connecting the lower end point of the backrest to the rear of the seat.
  • the lifting frame comprising towards the rear a stop adapted to rest on a support bar secured to the chassis, as long as the chair is located in a position between the lying position and the position seated.
  • the frame constitutes with the chassis, the backrest and a lower connecting bar connected to the backrest in its lower part, a deformable parallelogram ensuring the movement of the backrest between the sitting position and the standing position in a translation at during which the backrest remains substantially vertical. This translation is carried out along a substantially rectilinear or circular trajectory around an axis located substantially at the joint between the seat and the legrest, that is to say close to the knee joint.
  • the chair has a lower link bar, the rear end of which is articulated on the backrest in its lower part, and the front end of which is connected to the legrest so that the inclination of the legrest is controlled by the inclination of the backrest.
  • the lower link bar is articulated on the one hand on a lower end of a rear case of the backrest, and on the other hand on a stirrup mounted pivoting at the front of the chassis, the stirrup being also connected by articulated arms respectively at the articulation between seat and legrest and at the rear face of said legrest - to adapt the relative position of the backrest to the seat according to the user, the lower end point of the backrest is located at the lower end of an adjustment rod fixed to a rear casing of the backrest so as to be adjustable in position.
  • the adjustment rod is fixed at its upper end to the rear folder casing by manual clamping means arranged so as to be able to adjust the vertical position of the upper end of the adjustment rod relative to the folder.
  • the control means comprise a jack mounted articulated between the chassis and a lower rear casing of the backrest.
  • the actuator is preferably an electric actuator, which can be controlled by various remote control systems with or without wires, by a control integrated in one of the elements of the chair, by a control with manual, vocal, oral or foot control, etc.
  • the chair comprises means for memorizing the position of the jack, for memorizing and simply finding a corresponding position of the backrest-seat-leg rest assembly.
  • Figure 1 is a representation of the trajectory of the torso of a user, between the prone position and the standing position
  • Figures 2 to 6 illustrate in a decomposed manner the comfort positions successively obtained
  • Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the effect spacing between seat and back when moving into the sitting position, and reconciliation in the standing and lying positions
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view from 3/4 below of a preferred embodiment of the chair
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of the chair from 3/4 above and cut along a longitudinal median plane
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of the chair from the side and slightly from below and from the rear, also in section along a longitudinal median plane
  • - Figures 12 to 17 illustrate the successive positions of the chair between the lying position and the standing position
  • the figures 18 to 21 are similar views showing a possible alternative embodiment of the chair according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows the five representative positions of a user between the prone position (I) and the standing position (V), successively passing through the positions: semi-seated (II), seated (III) and semi-standing (IV).
  • Line T illustrates the trajectory of the user's torso when passing through these different positions.
  • the transition from the lying position (I) to the sitting position (III) corresponds to a pivoting of the trunk relative to the thighs around the hip joint H
  • the transition from the sitting position to the standing position (V) is a translation of the trunk along a substantially rectilinear and oblique trajectory.
  • the displacement of the backrest which accompanies that of the trunk, takes place more precisely along a circular or substantially circular trajectory, having its center near the knee joint G.
  • Figures 2 to 6 illustrate the five positions mentioned above of the user's body. As an illustration, certain characteristic angles corresponding to so-called comfort positions have been indicated.
  • the thighs are inclined by 14 °, the knees higher than the hips.
  • the trunk is kept permanently tilted slightly back, for example 5 °.
  • the thighs straightening up to find themselves substantially at the vertical in the standing position.
  • the chair comprises a frame 10 carrying by means of an articulation mechanism the backrest 1, the seat 2 and a leg rest 3.
  • the chassis 10 is produced for example from welded tubes, and comprises a base 101 on which a base is fixed, composed in the example represented by four swivel casters 102.
  • the chassis comprises a vertical frame, constituted for example of two rigid feet 103 made of folded sheets, rigidly linked to the base 101.
  • the chassis also comprises a chassis stiffening bar, for example made up of a curved tube in the shape of a "U" 104, the branches extend substantially vertically to form grab bars 105, intended to support the load of the chair in certain positions, as will be seen later.
  • the backrest 1 is mounted articulated, along a hinge axis A, by lower end tabs 11 on rear ends 41, bent upwards, of a lifting frame 4, itself articulated, towards the front, along a hinge axis B, on the upper ends of the front legs 103 of the chassis.
  • the rear ends 41 of the lifting frame 4 carry stops 42, adapted to come to rest in vertical support on the upper ends 106 of the support bars 105 of the chassis.
  • a control jack for example an electric jack, 5 is mounted between the frame 10 and the backrest 1, the body 51 of the jack being articulated at E on the frame 10 near the front feet 103, and its rod being articulated at F on a casing 12 of a mechanism for adjusting its position, integral with the backrest 1 and at the rear thereof.
  • the jack 5 makes it possible to directly control the pivoting of the backrest around the articulation A, and to adjust its position between a horizontal position, corresponding to the reclining position of the chair (I), and a vertical position corresponding to its sitting position (III).
  • a bracket 6 in the shape of an inverted U is pivotally mounted on the chassis 10 between the feet 103, the ends of the branches of the said U being articulated on the feet 103 along an axis K located in the lower part of the said feet.
  • a first set of arms 31 connects the front edge of the seat 2 on which it is articulated in M to the upper legs 61 of the stirrup, to which it is connected by an articulation with an axis coincident with the axis C, or neighbor of the latter,
  • a second arm 32 is also articulated by one end on a second leg 62 of the stirrup 6 along an axis L, close to the axis C or which can even be confused with it, and its other end is connected in N on l 'rear of the leg rest 3, substantially mid-height thereof.
  • axis M is also coincident with the axis of articulation between the seat 2 and the legrest 3, or located in the immediate vicinity of the latter.
  • a lever 7 On the rear of the seat is mounted articulated according to an axis P a lever 7 with arms arranged in the shape of a "V". The ends of the two identical arms of a first set of arms 71 of this lever are also articulated in Q respectively on the curved rear ends 41 of the lifting frame 4, at a distance below the articulation A of the backrest on said frame 4.
  • a second arm 72 located substantially in the median plane of the chair, is connected by a rod 73 to the lower end of an adjustment rod 13 linked to the rear casing 12 of the backrest.
  • the V-shaped lever is a return lever essentially intended to control the movement of the rear of the seat relative to the lifting frame when it is pivotally controlled about the Q axis by the own pivoting of the backrest, via the link 73.
  • the system of parts constituted by the lever 7 and the link 73 can therefore be replaced by any functionally equivalent system, based on systems of levers, cams, eccentrics, etc., since such systems make it possible to control the adequate movement of the seat relative to the backrest, or vice versa.
  • these means intended ultimately to obtain a relative pivoting of the backrest with respect to the seat around the virtual geometric axis corresponding to the point H of hip joint of the user are entirely located at the rear of the seat and the backrest, and therefore have no space towards the front of the backrest or the top of the seat, where the actual relative pivot axis of the backrest is located relative to the seat.
  • the adjustment rod 13 has a longitudinal slot 14 in which is placed a pin 15 secured to the housing 12, and which can slide on this pin, and the upper end of the adjustment rod is secured to a rear wall 16 of the housing 12 by a manual tightening adjustment member, for example a knurled knob 17, the threaded rod of which passes through an oblong hole 18 extending in the longitudinal direction of the backrest. It is thus possible to adjust the position of the upper end of the adjustment rod 13 relative to the backrest, by adjusting its position relative to the oblong hole, and by locking it in the desired position by means of the knurled button 17.
  • a manual tightening adjustment member for example a knurled knob 17
  • This adjustment allows thus to adjust, by acting on the angular position of the lever 7 by means of the rod 73, the relative position of the backrest with respect to the seat, therefore to modify the value of their spacing e, that is to say also to modify the position of the geometrical axis of relative pivoting, to adapt the seat to the morphology of the user.
  • the overall displacements can be broken down into two successive phases, the first of which relates to the transition from the lying position to the sitting position, and the second the transition from the sitting position to the standing position.
  • the backrest 1, the seat 2, and the legrest 3 are in horizontal alignment.
  • the rod of the jack 5 is retracted as far as possible.
  • the lifting frame 4 is supported by its stops 41 on the support bars 105 of the chassis.
  • the backrest in the horizontal position keeps the link bar 30 pushed forward, which also keeps the stirrup 6 pivoted forward.
  • the end of the adjustment rod 13 being also in an advanced position, it acts on the lever 7 in the direction of a pivoting of the latter around the axis Q, which keeps the axis P and therefore the rear of the seat in a retracted position, adjoining the bottom of the backrest.
  • the output of the rod 52 of the jack 5 can be controlled, to bring the chair into the semi-seated position shown in Figures 13 and 14.
  • the output of the rod of the jack has the effect of pushing the axis F rearward, pivoting the backrest around axis A.
  • the connecting bar 30 is pulled rearward by axis D, which rotates the stirrup 6 also towards the rear, and the lower end of the adjustment rod is also moved rearward, causing the lever 7 to pivot about the axis Q, still fixed relative to the chassis, and therefore a displacement of the axis P towards 1 front, in turn causing a displacement of the seat forward.
  • the articulation axis C of the connecting bar 30 having then arrived in a maximum rear position, owing to the pivoted rearward position, as far as the stop, of the stirrup 6, visible in FIG. 15, all of the front part of the chair is then immobilized, namely the stirrup 6, the arms 31 and 32, the leg rest 3, and the hinge pin M of the front of the seat.
  • the lifting frame 4, and the connecting bar 30 then form with the backrest and the chassis a deformable parallelogram ABCD, in which the points B and C are then fixed relative to the chassis.
  • this parallelogram begins to deform, by pivoting the lifting frame 4 around the axis B and the connecting bar 30 around the axis C , fixed with respect to the chassis as indicated above.
  • This has in particular the effect of lifting the rear end of the lifting frame 4 and of releasing the stops 42 from their support on the upper ends of the support bars 105, as can be seen in FIG. 16 where the chair is shown. in the semi-upright position.
  • the pivoting of the backrest with respect to the seat takes place, both for the passage from the lying position to the sitting position, and for the passage from the sitting position to the standing position, along an immaterial instantaneous axis X permanently located at substantially constant distances from the backrest and the seat respectively, so as to be as close as possible to the position of the pivot axis of the user's hips H.
  • the legrest can be equipped with footrests, produced for example in the form of plates extending substantially perpendicular to the legrest and connected to the latter by a system of possibly sliding tubes to allow adjustment in position relative to said legrest.
  • footrests are raised above the ground, thus making it possible to move the chair on its casters.
  • the footrests come to rest on the ground, and in such a way that the front wheels of the chair are raised, the chair then resting only on the rear wheels and on the said footrests, which ensures its stability and avoids any risk of rolling or sliding on the ground during the lifting phase when the occupant is brought into a standing position.
  • FIGS 18 to 21 schematically illustrate another embodiment of the invention.
  • the front of the seat 2 and the top of the leg rest 3 are articulated together at a fixed point M 'on a front upper end of the chassis 10'.
  • This fixed point M ' also serves as an articulation for the lifting frame 4', on the curved rear end of which a back frame 12 'is articulated at A'.
  • the ' lower end of the backrest frame 12' carries a roller 121 which comes into contact with a cam track 106 secured to the rear part of the chassis, when the backrest is raised from the lying position under the thrust of the 5 'jack whose body is articulated on the chassis at E' and the rod articulated on the back frame at F '.
  • a set of bars and connecting rods controls the movement of the rear part of the seat 2 from the movement of the backrest 1.
  • a connecting rod 75 is articulated on the rear of the seat in P ', and in R' on a set of bars linked to the back frame.
  • This set of bars comprises a bar 76 connected to the lower end of the backrest frame at the level of the axis Q 'of the roller 121.
  • Another bar 77 connects the connection point R' to the backrest frame to close to joint A '.
  • a connecting bar 30 ' is articulated on the back frame in its lower part in D', and connects this one on the one hand in C, or at a neighboring point, to an arm 31 'articulated in M', and on the other hand in L 'to an arm 32' whose end is connected to the legrest in N '.
  • the front end of the connecting bar 30 ′ is provided with a roller 45 of axis C ′ which, when changing from the seated position to the standing position, as seen in FIGS.
  • the invention will find its application not only in the medical or paramedical field, where the total amplitude of its movements between the supine position and the standing position will be advantageously used, but also in applications where only part of the kinematics described previously as a whole will be commonly used, such as in the general field of the comfort seat or leisure, ergonomic, for furniture seats or seats usable in various means of transport, especially for the driver for example, such as in motor vehicles, planes or boats, public transport vehicles, etc.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Chairs For Special Purposes, Such As Reclining Chairs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a multiple-position armchair comprising a frame (10), a seat (2), a back (1) and a leg-rest (3) mutually articulated. The articulation means (4, 6, 7, 30, 31, 32) and the control means (5) are designed to ensure co-ordinated movements of the seat, the back and the leg-rest in accordance with a predetermined continuous and unique law of displacement between a supine position (I) and an upright position (V), passing through a seated position (III). The articulation means (7, 73) of the back relative to the seat and the trajectory of the instantaneous geometrical axis (X) of articulation of the back relative to the seat are determined such that said axis (X) is permanently located at substantially constant distances respectively of the general plane of the set and the general plane of the back, so as to remain permanently substantially at the level of the user's hip joint (H).

Description

Fauteuil multi-positions . Multi-position armchair.
La présente invention concerne un fauteuil multi- positions, du type permettant de passer de manière continue et séquentielle d'une position couchée à une position debout, et inversement, en passant par des positions intermédiaires, notamment semi-assis, assis, semi-debout. Typiquement un tel fauteuil comporte une assise, un dossier, et un repose-jambes, articulés entre eux et par rapport à un châssis reposant sur le sol .The present invention relates to a multi-position armchair, of the type making it possible to pass continuously and sequentially from a lying position to a standing position, and vice versa, passing through intermediate positions, in particular semi-seated, seated, semi-standing . Typically such an armchair comprises a seat, a backrest, and a leg rest, articulated between them and with respect to a frame resting on the ground.
On connaît déjà des fauteuils multi-positions de confort, destinés à assurer différentes positions de confort, généralement entre une position couchée, ou semi-allongée, et une position assise. Parfois, pour des fauteuils destinés à apporter une aide aux personnes à mobilité réduite, le fauteuil est conçu de manière à pouvoir, par le biais de moyens moteurs complémentaires, accompagner le mouvement de l'utilisateur jusque dans une position debout.Multi-position comfort chairs are already known, intended to ensure different comfort positions, generally between a lying position, or a semi-lying position, and a sitting position. Sometimes, for armchairs intended to provide assistance to persons with reduced mobility, the armchair is designed so as to be able, by means of complementary motor means, to accompany the movement of the user even in a standing position.
Par ailleurs, pour des utilisations typiquement du domaine médical, on connaît des fauteuils articulés, tels que par exemple des fauteuils de dentiste, permettant de soutenir le patient dans diverses positions entre la position assise et une position semi-allongée. Également dans le domaine médical, existent des lits ou tables d'opération articulées de manière à pouvoir passer d'une position couchée, la table étant alors parfaitement plate, à une position semi-assise. Dans ce type d'application, il n'est pas au premier chef recherché à fournir une position de confort pour la personne assise ou couchée, mais une position la plus adéquate pour pratiquer les opérations médicales ou les soins du patient. En particulier, puisqu'il n'y a pas lieu a priori d'assurer de fortes amplitudes de mouvement pendant que le patient est sur la table d'opération ou le fauteuil, il n'y a pas non plus de besoin manifeste d'assurer une continuité de confort entre les positions extrêmes de la table ou du fauteuil d'opération.Furthermore, for uses typically in the medical field, articulated chairs are known, such as for example dental chairs, making it possible to support the patient in various positions between the sitting position and a semi-reclining position. Also in the medical field, there are articulated operating beds or tables so as to be able to pass from a lying position, the table then being perfectly flat, to a semi-sitting position. In this type of application, it is not primarily sought to provide a position of comfort for the seated or lying person, but a position most suitable for practicing medical operations or patient care. In particular, since there is no a priori need to ensure large amplitudes of movement while the patient is on the operating table or the chair, there is also no obvious need ensure continuity of comfort between the extreme positions of the operating table or chair.
Dans des applications médicales, il est donc essentiellement recherché de pouvoir placer le dispositif de support du patient, tel que lit, table ou fauteuil, dans la position la plus adéquate pour la ou les opérations à réaliser, la manière dont s'effectue le passage d'une position à l'autre ayant moins d'importance. C'est pourquoi, il peut d'ailleurs être privilégié dans de telles applications des systèmes multi-commandes permettant d'assurer des réglages fins des positions relatives des différentes parties du dispositif, sans par contre nécessiter une coordination de tous les déplacements. Dans le domaine du fauteuil de confort, les exigences sont différentes puisqu'il est nécessairement envisagé de pouvoir passer d'une position à une autre de manière continue ou quasi continue.In medical applications, it is therefore essentially sought to be able to place the patient support device, such as a bed, table or chair, in the most suitable position for the operation or operations to be carried out, the way in which the passage is carried out. from one position to another having less importance. This is why, it can moreover be privileged in such applications multi-command systems making it possible to ensure fine adjustments of the relative positions of the different parts of the device, without, however, requiring coordination of all movements. In the field of the comfort chair, the requirements are different since it is necessarily envisaged to be able to move from one position to another continuously or almost continuously.
Dans certains cas, les positions de l'assise et du dossier peuvent être commandées de manière indépendante. Cependant on comprendra aisément que toutes les combinaisons de positions ne peuvent pas être raisonnablement utilisées, et en conséquence les réglages ne permettent classiquement de positionner la partie du siège réglée que dans une plage limitée de positions. Il n'empêche que sur l'ensemble des combinaisons possibles, d'autant plus nombreuses qu'il y a plusieurs parties réglables, la plupart des combinaisons peuvent en fait se révéler inconfortables, inutiles et même contraires à l'ergonomie, et peuvent même contribuer à une amplification de certains problèmes physiques de l'utilisateur, et ceci sans que l'utilisateur en soit forcément bien conscient au départ. Ces problèmes sont particulièrement connus et étudiés par exemple pour des sièges d'automobiles, ou des aménagements de postes de travail, où des considérations ergonomiques conduisent à lier les mouvements de l'assise et du dossier par exemple, pour empêcher des combinaisons de positions inconfortables ou même nuisibles.In some cases, the seat and back positions can be controlled independently. However, it will be readily understood that all combinations of positions cannot be reasonably used, and consequently the adjustments conventionally allow the adjusted part of the seat to be positioned only within a limited range of positions. However, out of all the possible combinations, all the more numerous as there are several adjustable parts, most combinations can in fact prove to be uncomfortable, useless and even contrary to ergonomics, and can even contribute to an amplification of certain physical problems of the user, and this without the user being necessarily well aware of it at the start. These problems are particularly known and studied for example for car seats, or workstation arrangements, where ergonomic considerations lead to link the movements of the seat and back for example, to prevent combinations of uncomfortable or even harmful positions.
Par ailleurs, dès lors que le fauteuil doit pouvoir assurer un pivotement de grande amplitude entre le dossier et l'assise, par exemple entre une position totalement allongée à l'horizontale tant de l'assise que du dossier, dans le prolongement l'un de l'autre, et une position assise avec le dossier quasi perpendiculaire à l'assise, se pose le problème de l'articulation entre ces deux éléments. En effet, si la position de l'axe de pivotement relatif du dossier par rapport à l'assise est fixe et située sensiblement au niveau de l'intersection des plans moyens de ces éléments, il s'ensuit que le passage d'une position où l'assise et le dossier sont sensiblement alignés à une position où ils sont sensiblement perpendiculaires, par exemple d'une position couchée à une position assise, s'accompagne d'un effet de compression de la partie basse du tronc de l'utilisateur, c'est à dire de la région lombaire, qui se trouve en quelque sorte coincée entre dossier et assise par un effet de tenaille. Cet effet résulte du fait que, lors d'un tel mouvement du fauteuil, le mouvement du corps de l'utilisateur est aussi une rotation du tronc, appuyé sur le dossier, par rapport aux cuisses, appuyées sur l'assise, et que cette rotation s'effectue selon l'axe de pivotement des hanches, appelé point « H » qui est forcément décalé par rapport aux plans généraux de l'assise et du dossier, donc par rapport à l'axe de pivotement relatif de ces éléments .Furthermore, as soon as the chair must be able to provide a large amplitude pivot between the backrest and the seat, for example between a fully extended horizontal position both of the seat and of the backrest, in the extension one on the other, and a seated position with the back almost perpendicular to the seat, there is the problem of the articulation between these two elements. Indeed, if the position of the relative pivot axis of the backrest with respect to the seat is fixed and located substantially at the intersection of the mean planes of these elements, it follows that the passage from one position where the seat and the backrest are substantially aligned at a position where they are substantially perpendicular, for example from a lying position to a sitting position, is accompanied by a compression effect of the lower part of the user's trunk , that is to say of the lumbar region, which is somehow wedged between backrest and seat by a pincer effect. This effect results from the fact that, during such a movement of the chair, the movement of the user's body is also a rotation of the trunk, supported on the backrest, with respect to the thighs, supported on the seat, and that this rotation takes place along the pivot axis of the hips, called point "H" which is necessarily offset from the general planes of the seat and backrest, therefore relative to the relative pivot axis of these elements.
Inversement, lors d'un passage d'une position où l'assise et le dossier sont sensiblement à angle droit vers une position où ils sont sensiblement alignés, c'est un effet de traction qui se produit, et qui tend ainsi à tirer et écarter les vêtements de l'utilisateur, lequel se voit partiellement déshabillé au bout de plusieurs de ces manœuvres .Conversely, when passing from a position where the seat and the back are substantially at right angles to a position where they are substantially aligned, it is a pulling effect which occurs, and which therefore tends to pull and discard the user's clothing, who is partially undressed after several these maneuvers.
Certains sièges ergonomiques ont déjà été proposés pour résoudre ce type de problèmes, mais visent uniquement à rapprocher l'axe de pivotement relatif du dossier par rapport à l'assise de l'axe de pivotement des hanches de l'utilisateur, sur des courses limitées, par exemple pour permettre d' assurer un réglage en hauteur avec variation de l'inclinaison de l'assise tout en conservant la direction générale verticale du dossier, comme le montre le document US 5261723, ou pour assurer une coordination de l'inclinaison de l'assise avec une modification volontaire de l'inclinaison du dossier comme le montre le document US 5577802.Some ergonomic seats have already been proposed to solve this type of problem, but are only intended to bring the relative pivot axis of the backrest relative to the seat to the pivot axis of the user's hips, over limited strokes , for example to allow a height adjustment with variation of the inclination of the seat while maintaining the general vertical direction of the backrest, as shown in document US 5261723, or to ensure a coordination of the inclination of the seat with a voluntary modification of the inclination of the backrest as shown in document US 5,577,802.
Aucun système connu à ce jour ne permet d'éviter les problèmes évoqués ci-dessus dans le cas d'un fauteuil tel que visé par l'invention, destiné à permettre un passage continu d'une position couchée à une position debout, en passant par une position assise et toutes les positions intermédiaires, et en assurant tout le confort et l'ergonomie désirable dans toutes ces positions.No system known to date makes it possible to avoid the problems mentioned above in the case of an armchair as intended by the invention, intended to allow a continuous transition from a lying position to a standing position, while passing by a sitting position and all intermediate positions, and ensuring all the comfort and ergonomics desirable in all these positions.
L'invention a donc pour but de résoudre ces problèmes. Elle vise en particulier à proposer un fauteuil multi-positions ergonomique et confortable et empêchant de plus de le placer dans des positions non souhaitées et physiologiquement nuisibles .The invention therefore aims to solve these problems. It aims in particular to propose an ergonomic and comfortable multi-position armchair and moreover preventing it from being placed in unwanted and physiologically harmful positions.
Elle vise aussi à assurer une transition sans heurts d'une position extrême à l'autre, permettant notamment d'amener l'utilisateur jusque dans la position debout, offrant encore à ce stade un réel appui tant pour conforter l'équilibre de l'utilisateur juste à son arrivée dans la position debout, que pour le soulager autant que possible de l'accroissement de l'effort de soutien à exercer par ses jambes au moment où il retrouve la position debout.It also aims to ensure a smooth transition from one extreme position to the other, allowing in particular to bring the user into the standing position, still offering at this stage real support both to consolidate the balance of the user just when he arrives in the standing position, only to relieve him as much as possible of the increase in the support effort to be exerted by his legs when he regains the standing position.
Avec ces objectifs en vue, l'invention a pour objet un fauteuil multi-positions du type comportant un châssis, apte à reposer sur le sol, une assise et un dossier pivotant par rapport à l'assise selon un axe de pivotement transversal, l'assise, le dossier et le châssis étant par ailleurs reliés entre eux par des moyens d'articulations et des moyens de commande pour régler leurs positions relatives.With these objectives in view, the object of the invention is a multi-position armchair of the type comprising a frame, suitable for resting on the floor, a seat and a backrest pivoting with respect to the seat along a transverse pivot axis, the seat, the backrest and the frame being also connected between them by means of articulations and control means for adjusting their relative positions.
Selon l'invention, le fauteuil est caractérisé en ce que les moyens d' articulation comprennent : - une armature de relevage articulée sur une partie avant du châssis selon un axe de pivotement transversal et à l'arrière de laquelle est articulée une partie basse du dossier, un ensemble de liaison reliant l'extrémité arrière de l'assise à un point d'extrémité inférieure du dossier, distant de l'articulation du dossier sur l'armature de relevage, et les moyens de commande sont agencés de manière à assurer des déplacements coordonnés de l'assise et du dossier selon une loi de déplacement prédéterminée continue et unique entre une position assise où le dossier est sensiblement vertical alors que l'assise est sensiblement horizontale et soit une position couchée où le dossier et l'assise sont sensiblement en alignement horizontal, soit une position debout où le dossier et l'assise sont sensiblement en alignement vertical, en passant par des positions intermédiaires, les dits moyens d'articulation ainsi que la trajectoire de l'axe géométrique instantané d'articulation du dossier par rapport à l'assise étant déterminés de manière que le dit axe géométrique instantané soit en permanence situé à des distances sensiblement constantes respectivement du plan général de l'assise et du plan général du dossier, de manière à rester en permanence sensiblement au niveau de l'articulation de la hanche de l'utilisateur. La position de l'axe instantané de pivotement entre assise et dossier assure une variation d'écartement progressive entre l'arrière de l'assise et le bas du dossier, lors d'une variation de l'inclinaison relative entre dossier et assise, cette variation d'écartement étant propre à éviter tout effet de compression ou de traction entre le tronc et les cuisses de l'utilisateur. Ainsi, comme on le comprendra mieux par la suite, lors du passage de la position couchée à la position assise, cet écartement croît, pour éviter l'effet de tenaille prémentionné, puis décroît de la position assise vers la position debout, pour éviter l'effet de déshabillage également pré-mentionné.According to the invention, the chair is characterized in that the articulation means comprise: - a lifting frame articulated on a front part of the chassis along a transverse pivot axis and at the rear of which is articulated a lower part of the backrest, a connecting assembly connecting the rear end of the seat to a lower end point of the backrest, distant from the articulation of the backrest on the lifting frame, and the control means are arranged so as to ensure coordinated movements of the seat and the backrest according to a predetermined continuous and unique displacement law between a sitting position where the backrest is substantially vertical while the seat is substantially horizontal and either a lying position where the backrest and the seat are substantially in horizontal alignment, i.e. a standing position where the backrest and seat are substantially in vertical alignment, passing through intermediate positions. res, said articulation means as well as the trajectory of the instantaneous geometric axis of articulation of the backrest with respect to the seat being determined so that said instantaneous geometric axis is permanently located at substantially constant distances respectively from the general plan of the seat and the general plan of the backrest, so as to remain permanently substantially at the level of the hip joint of the user. The position of the instantaneous pivot axis between seat and backrest ensures a progressive variation in spacing between the rear of the seat and the bottom of the backrest, during a variation of the relative inclination between backrest and seat, this variation of spacing being able to avoid any compression or traction effect between the trunk and the thighs of the user. Thus, as will be better understood later, when switching from the lying position to the sitting position, this spacing increases, to avoid the aforementioned pincer effect, then decreases from the sitting position towards the standing position, to avoid the stripping effect also pre-mentioned.
Ces objectifs peuvent être atteints par le fait que, préférentiellement , l'armature de relevage, l'ensemble de liaison, et les articulations entre ces éléments et l'assise et le dossier sont agencés de manière que, lorsque le dossier pivote relativement par rapport à la dite armature de relevage autour de l'axe de l'articulation, le dossier entraîne, par l'intermédiaire du dit ensemble de liaison, un pivotement de l'assise tel que le bord inférieur du dossier et le bord arrière de l'assise se rapprochent l'un de l'autre lorsque le dossier et l'assise se déplacent vers une position où ils sont sensiblement en alignement, et s'éloignent l'un de l'autre lorsque le dossier et l'assise se déplacent vers la position assise.These objectives can be achieved by the fact that, preferably, the lifting frame, the connection assembly, and the articulations between these elements and the seat and the backrest are arranged so that, when the backrest pivots relatively with respect to to the said lifting frame around the axis of the articulation, the backrest causes, by means of said connecting assembly, a pivoting of the seat such that the lower edge of the backrest and the rear edge of the seat move towards each other when the backrest and seat move to a position where they are substantially in alignment, and move away from each other when the backrest and seat move towards the sitting position.
Selon une disposition particulière, le fauteuil comporte des moyens de réglage de la position du point d'extrémité inférieure du dossier par rapport au dossier, pour pouvoir ajuster la position du dossier par rapport à l'assise en fonction de la morphologie de l'utilisateur.According to a particular arrangement, the chair includes means for adjusting the position of the lower end point of the backrest relative to the backrest, in order to be able to adjust the position of the backrest relative to the seat according to the morphology of the user. .
Egalement, selon une disposition très préférentielle, le fauteuil comporte un repose-jambes pivotant par rapport à l'assise selon un axe de pivotement transversal, et les moyens d'articulation sont agencés de manière à assurer le déplacement coordonné du repose-jambes par rapport à l'assise et au dossier, selon une loi de déplacement prédéterminée continue et unique entre une position couchée où le dossier, l'assise et le repose-jambes sont sensiblement en alignement horizontal et une position debout où le dossier, l'assise et le repose-jambes sont sensiblement en alignement vertical, en passant par des positions intermédiaires dont une position assise où le dossier et le repose-jambes sont sensiblement verticaux alors que l'assise est sensiblement horizontale.Also, according to a very preferential arrangement, the armchair comprises a leg rest pivoting with respect to the seat along a transverse pivot axis, and the articulation means are arranged to ensure the coordinated movement of the legrest with respect to the seat and the backrest, according to a predetermined continuous and unique displacement law between a lying position where the backrest, the seat and the legrest are substantially in horizontal alignment and a standing position where the backrest, seat and legrest are substantially in vertical alignment, passing through intermediate positions including a seated position where the backrest and legrest are substantially vertical while the seat is substantially horizontal.
La loi de déplacement unique conduit donc à ce que, dès lors que le réglage d'adaptation à l'utilisateur a été effectué, il n'existe ensuite qu'une combinaison possible de positions pour l'ensemble du dossier, de l'assise et du repose-jambes pour une position choisie de l'assise ou du dossier. Toutes les positions étant par ailleurs étudiées de manière à assurer le confort optimal de l'utilisateur, il s'ensuit que ce confort est assuré automatiquement en permanence lors du passage d'une position quelconque à une autre. Par ailleurs, et de manière particulièrement avantageuse, le fait qu'il n'y ait qu'une loi de déplacement possible pour les trois éléments dossier, assise et repose-jambes, permet de n'utiliser qu'un seul organe de commande, par exemple un vérin électrique, pour commander l'ensemble du fauteuil, chaque position du vérin déterminant de manière assurée la position de chacun des éléments du fauteuil. La manipulation du fauteuil en est ainsi grandement simplifiée, et particulièrement aisée notamment pour un utilisateur ayant une mobilité réduite.The law of single displacement therefore leads to the fact that, once the adjustment for adaptation to the user has been made, there is then only one possible combination of positions for the entire backrest, of the seat. and the legrest for a selected position of the seat or the backrest. All the positions being moreover studied so as to ensure optimal comfort for the user, it follows that this comfort is ensured automatically at all times when switching from any position to another. Furthermore, and in a particularly advantageous manner, the fact that there is only one possible displacement law for the three backrest elements, seat and legrest, makes it possible to use only one control member, for example an electric actuator, for controlling the whole of the chair, each position of the actuator determining in a assured manner the position of each of the elements of the chair. The handling of the chair is thus greatly simplified, and particularly easy in particular for a user with reduced mobility.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'ensemble de liaison comprend un levier de renvoi monté pivotant vers l'arrière de l'armature de relevage et articulé par ailleurs par une extrémité supérieure sur l'arrière de l'assise, et une biellette reliant le point d'extrémité inférieure du dossier à une extrémité inférieure du dit levier de renvoi.According to a preferred embodiment, the connection assembly comprises a return lever mounted pivoting towards the rear of the lifting frame and articulated moreover by an upper end on the rear of the seat, and a connecting rod the end point lower backrest at a lower end of said return lever.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le levier de renvoi est un levier en V dont la pointe est montée pivotante à l'arrière de l'assise et qui comporte un premier bras articulé sur l'extrémité arrière de 1 ' armature de relevage et un deuxième bras sur l'extrémité duquel est reliée la biellette.According to a particular embodiment, the return lever is a V-shaped lever whose tip is pivotally mounted at the rear of the seat and which comprises a first arm articulated on the rear end of the lifting frame and a second arm on the end of which is connected the link.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, qui sera mieux défini par la suite, l' ensemble de liaison comprend seulement une biellette reliant le point d'extrémité inférieure du dossier à l'arrière de 1 'assise.According to a second embodiment, which will be better defined below, the connection assembly only comprises a link connecting the lower end point of the backrest to the rear of the seat.
Selon une autre disposition de l'invention, l'armature de relevage comportant vers l'arrière une butée adaptée pour reposer sur une barre d'appui solidaire du châssis, tant que le fauteuil est situé dans une position entre la position couchée et la position assise. Selon encore une autre disposition, l'armature constitue avec le châssis, le dossier et une barre de liaison inférieure reliée au dossier dans sa partie inférieure, un parallélogramme déformable assurant le déplacement du dossier entre la position assise et la position debout selon une translation au cours de laquelle le dossier reste sensiblement vertical. Cette translation est effectuée selon une trajectoire sensiblement rectiligne, ou circulaire autour d'un axe situé sensiblement au niveau de l'articulation entre assise et repose-jambes, soit encore à proximité de l'articulation du genou.According to another arrangement of the invention, the lifting frame comprising towards the rear a stop adapted to rest on a support bar secured to the chassis, as long as the chair is located in a position between the lying position and the position seated. According to yet another arrangement, the frame constitutes with the chassis, the backrest and a lower connecting bar connected to the backrest in its lower part, a deformable parallelogram ensuring the movement of the backrest between the sitting position and the standing position in a translation at during which the backrest remains substantially vertical. This translation is carried out along a substantially rectilinear or circular trajectory around an axis located substantially at the joint between the seat and the legrest, that is to say close to the knee joint.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques : le fauteuil comporte une barre de liaison inférieure dont l'extrémité arrière est articulée sur le dossier dans sa partie inférieure, et dont l'extrémité avant est reliée au repose-jambes de manière que l'inclinaison du repose-jambe soit commandée par l'inclinaison du dossier. la barre de liaison inférieure est articulée d'une part sur une extrémité inférieure d'un carter arrière du dossier, et d'autre part sur un étrier monté pivotant à l'avant du châssis, l'étrier étant également relié par des bras articulés respectivement à l'articulation entre assise et repose-jambes et à la face arrière du dit repose-jambes - pour adapter la position relative du dossier par rapport à l'assise en fonction de l'utilisateur, le point d'extrémité inférieure du dossier est situé à l'extrémité inférieure d'une tige de réglage fixée sur un carter arrière du dossier de manière réglable en position. - la tige de réglage est fixée à son extrémité supérieure sur le carter arrière de dossier par des moyens de serrage manuel agencés de manière à pouvoir ajuster la position verticale de l'extrémité supérieure de la tige de réglage par rapport au dossier. - les moyens de commande comportent un vérin monté articulé entre le châssis et un carter arrière inférieur du dossier. Le vérin est préférentiellement un vérin électrique, qui peut être commandé par divers systèmes de télécommande avec ou sans fils, par une commande intégrée dans un des éléments du fauteuil, par une commande à pilotage manuel, vocal, buccal ou au pied, etc.According to other characteristics: the chair has a lower link bar, the rear end of which is articulated on the backrest in its lower part, and the front end of which is connected to the legrest so that the inclination of the legrest is controlled by the inclination of the backrest. the lower link bar is articulated on the one hand on a lower end of a rear case of the backrest, and on the other hand on a stirrup mounted pivoting at the front of the chassis, the stirrup being also connected by articulated arms respectively at the articulation between seat and legrest and at the rear face of said legrest - to adapt the relative position of the backrest to the seat according to the user, the lower end point of the backrest is located at the lower end of an adjustment rod fixed to a rear casing of the backrest so as to be adjustable in position. - The adjustment rod is fixed at its upper end to the rear folder casing by manual clamping means arranged so as to be able to adjust the vertical position of the upper end of the adjustment rod relative to the folder. - The control means comprise a jack mounted articulated between the chassis and a lower rear casing of the backrest. The actuator is preferably an electric actuator, which can be controlled by various remote control systems with or without wires, by a control integrated in one of the elements of the chair, by a control with manual, vocal, oral or foot control, etc.
- le fauteuil comporte des moyens de mémorisation de position du vérin, pour mémoriser et retrouver simplement une position correspondante de l'ensemble dossier-assise-repose-jambe.- The chair comprises means for memorizing the position of the jack, for memorizing and simply finding a corresponding position of the backrest-seat-leg rest assembly.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront dans la description qui va être faite d'un fauteuil multi-positions conforme à l'invention.Other characteristics and advantages will appear in the description which will be given of a multi-position chair according to the invention.
On se reportera aux dessins annexés dans lesquels la figure 1 est une représentation de la trajectoire du torse d'un utilisateur, entre la position couchée et la position debout, les figures 2 à 6 illustrent de manière décomposée les positions de confort successivement obtenues, les figures 7 et 8 illustrent l'effet d'écartement entre assise et dossier lors du passage dans la position assise, et de rapprochement dans les positions debout et couché,Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a representation of the trajectory of the torso of a user, between the prone position and the standing position, Figures 2 to 6 illustrate in a decomposed manner the comfort positions successively obtained, Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the effect spacing between seat and back when moving into the sitting position, and reconciliation in the standing and lying positions,
- la figure 9 est une vue en perspective de 3/4 dessous d'un mode de réalisation préféré du fauteuil, la figure 10 est une vue du fauteuil en perspective de 3/4 dessus et coupe selon un plan médian longitudinal, la figure 11 est une vue du fauteuil en perspective de côté et légèrement de dessous et d'arrière, également en coupe selon un plan médian longitudinal , - les figures 12 à 17 illustrent les positions successives du fauteuil entre la position couchée et la position debout, les figures 18 à 21 sont des vues similaires montrant une variante possible de réalisation du fauteuil selon l'invention.- Figure 9 is a perspective view from 3/4 below of a preferred embodiment of the chair, Figure 10 is a perspective view of the chair from 3/4 above and cut along a longitudinal median plane, Figure 11 is a perspective view of the chair from the side and slightly from below and from the rear, also in section along a longitudinal median plane, - Figures 12 to 17 illustrate the successive positions of the chair between the lying position and the standing position, the figures 18 to 21 are similar views showing a possible alternative embodiment of the chair according to the invention.
La figure 1 montre les cinq positions représentatives d'un utilisateur entre la position couchée (I) , et la position debout (V) , en passant successivement par les positions : semi-assise (II) , assise (III) et semi-debout (IV) . Le tracé T illustre la trajectoire du torse de l'utilisateur lors du passage par ces différentes positions. On notera en particulier que le passage de la position couchée (I) à la position assise (III) correspond à un pivotement du tronc par rapport aux cuisses autour de l'articulation des hanches H, alors que le passage de la position assise à la position debout (V) est une translation du tronc selon une trajectoire sensiblement rectiligne et oblique. En fait, comme on le verra par la suite, le déplacement du dossier, qui accompagne celui du tronc, s'effectue plus précisément selon une trajectoire circulaire ou sensiblement circulaire, ayant son centre à proximité de l'articulation des genoux G.Figure 1 shows the five representative positions of a user between the prone position (I) and the standing position (V), successively passing through the positions: semi-seated (II), seated (III) and semi-standing (IV). Line T illustrates the trajectory of the user's torso when passing through these different positions. It will be noted in particular that the transition from the lying position (I) to the sitting position (III) corresponds to a pivoting of the trunk relative to the thighs around the hip joint H, while the transition from the sitting position to the standing position (V) is a translation of the trunk along a substantially rectilinear and oblique trajectory. In fact, as will be seen later, the displacement of the backrest, which accompanies that of the trunk, takes place more precisely along a circular or substantially circular trajectory, having its center near the knee joint G.
Les figures 2 à 6 illustrent les cinq positions mentionnées ci-dessus du corps de l'usager. On y a indiqué à titre illustratif certains angles caractéristiques correspondant à des positions dites de confort. Ainsi, dans la position semi-assise de la figure 3, le dos étant incliné à environ 50° par rapport à l'horizontale, les cuisses sont inclinées de 14°, les genoux plus haut que les hanches . A partir de la position assise (figure 4), jusqu'à la position debout (figure 6), le tronc est maintenu en permanence incliné légèrement en arrière, par exemple de 5°. Partant de la position assise où les cuisses sont encore légèrement inclinées par rapport à l'horizontale, par exemple de 3°, on passe à la position debout par un déploiement progressif des jambes, les cuisses se redressant jusqu'à se retrouver sensiblement à la verticale dans la position debout. Sur les dessins des figures 7 et 8 , on a représenté schématiquement les positions relatives du dossier 1 et de l'assise 2 du fauteuil selon l'invention, dans les positions debout (V) , assis (III) , et couché (I) . On constate que, conformément à l'invention, le dossier et l'assise s'écartent l'un de l'autre lorsque le fauteuil est dans la position assise. Comme on le voit bien sur les dessins, cet écartement e permet de conserver un contact optimal et constant entre d'une part les cuisses et l'assise, et d'autre part entre le dos et le dossier, et ceci dans toutes les positions, assurant ainsi le confort souhaité. En relation avec les figures 9 à 16, on va maintenant décrire un mode de réalisation préférentiel d'un fauteuil conforme à l'invention.Figures 2 to 6 illustrate the five positions mentioned above of the user's body. As an illustration, certain characteristic angles corresponding to so-called comfort positions have been indicated. Thus, in the semi-seated position of FIG. 3, the back being inclined at approximately 50 ° relative to the horizontal, the thighs are inclined by 14 °, the knees higher than the hips. From the seated position (Figure 4) to the standing position (Figure 6), the trunk is kept permanently tilted slightly back, for example 5 °. Starting from the sitting position where the thighs are still slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal, for example 3 °, one passes to the standing position by a progressive deployment of the legs, the thighs straightening up to find themselves substantially at the vertical in the standing position. In the drawings of FIGS. 7 and 8, the relative positions of the backrest 1 and of the seat 2 of the chair according to the invention are shown diagrammatically in the standing (V), seated (III) and lying (I) positions. . It can be seen that, according to the invention, the backrest and the seat move away from one another when the chair is in the sitting position. As can be clearly seen in the drawings, this spacing e makes it possible to maintain optimal and constant contact between on the one hand the thighs and the seat, and on the other hand between the back and the backrest, and this in all positions , thus ensuring the desired comfort. In relation to FIGS. 9 to 16, we will now describe a preferred embodiment of an armchair in accordance with the invention.
Le fauteuil comporte un châssis 10 portant par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme d'articulation le dossier 1, l'assise 2 et un repose-jambes 3.The chair comprises a frame 10 carrying by means of an articulation mechanism the backrest 1, the seat 2 and a leg rest 3.
Le châssis 10 est réalisé par exemple en tubes soudés, et comporte un soubassement 101 sur lequel est fixé un piétement, composé dans l'exemple représenté par quatre roulettes pivotantes 102. A l'avant, le châssis comporte une armature verticale, constituée par exemple de deux pieds rigides 103 en tôles pliées, rigidement liés au soubassement 101. Vers l'arrière, le châssis comporte par ailleurs une barre de rigidification du châssis, constituée par exemple d'un tube cintré en forme de "U" 104, dont les branches s'étendent sensiblement verticalement pour former des barres d'appui 105, destinées à supporter la charge du fauteuil dans certaines positions, comme on le verra par la suite. Le dossier 1 est monté articulé, selon un axe d'articulation A, par des pattes d'extrémité inférieure 11 sur des extrémités arrières 41, recourbées vers le haut, d'une armature de relevage 4, elle-même articulée, vers l'avant, selon un axe d'articulation B, sur les extrémités supérieures des pieds avant 103 du châssis. Les extrémités arrière 41 de l'armature de relevage 4 portent des butées 42, adaptées pour venir reposer en appui vertical sur les extrémités supérieures 106 des barres d'appui 105 du châssis. Par ailleurs, un vérin de commande, par exemple un vérin électrique, 5 est monté entre le châssis 10 et le dossier 1, le corps 51 du vérin étant articulé en E sur le châssis 10 à proximité des pieds avant 103, et sa tige étant articulée en F sur un carter 12 de mécanisme de réglage en position, solidaire du dossier 1 et à l'arrière de celui-ci.The chassis 10 is produced for example from welded tubes, and comprises a base 101 on which a base is fixed, composed in the example represented by four swivel casters 102. At the front, the chassis comprises a vertical frame, constituted for example of two rigid feet 103 made of folded sheets, rigidly linked to the base 101. Towards the rear, the chassis also comprises a chassis stiffening bar, for example made up of a curved tube in the shape of a "U" 104, the branches extend substantially vertically to form grab bars 105, intended to support the load of the chair in certain positions, as will be seen later. The backrest 1 is mounted articulated, along a hinge axis A, by lower end tabs 11 on rear ends 41, bent upwards, of a lifting frame 4, itself articulated, towards the front, along a hinge axis B, on the upper ends of the front legs 103 of the chassis. The rear ends 41 of the lifting frame 4 carry stops 42, adapted to come to rest in vertical support on the upper ends 106 of the support bars 105 of the chassis. Furthermore, a control jack, for example an electric jack, 5 is mounted between the frame 10 and the backrest 1, the body 51 of the jack being articulated at E on the frame 10 near the front feet 103, and its rod being articulated at F on a casing 12 of a mechanism for adjusting its position, integral with the backrest 1 and at the rear thereof.
Ainsi, tant que les butées 42 de l'armature de relevage restent au contact des barres d'appui 105, comme on le verra par la suite, le vérin 5 permet de commander directement le pivotement du dossier autour de l'articulation A, et d'ajuster sa position entre une position horizontale, correspondant à la position couchée du fauteuil (I) , et une position verticale correspondant à sa position assise (III) .Thus, as long as the stops 42 of the armature of lifting remain in contact with the support bars 105, as will be seen later, the jack 5 makes it possible to directly control the pivoting of the backrest around the articulation A, and to adjust its position between a horizontal position, corresponding to the reclining position of the chair (I), and a vertical position corresponding to its sitting position (III).
Un étrier 6 en forme de U inversé est monté pivotant sur le châssis 10 entre les pieds 103, les extrémités des branches du dit U étant articulées sur les pieds 103 selon un axe K situé en partie basse des dits pieds. Une double barre de liaison inférieure 30, s 'étendant longitudinalement sous l'assise, relie l'extrémité inférieure du carter arrière 12 du dossier, sur laquelle elle est articulée en D, à des premières pattes supérieures 61 de l'étrier 6 sur lesquelles elle est articulée selon un axe C, à distance de l'articulation K de l'étrier sur le châssis.A bracket 6 in the shape of an inverted U is pivotally mounted on the chassis 10 between the feet 103, the ends of the branches of the said U being articulated on the feet 103 along an axis K located in the lower part of the said feet. A double lower link bar 30, extending longitudinally under the seat, connects the lower end of the rear casing 12 of the backrest, on which it is articulated in D, to first upper tabs 61 of the stirrup 6 on which it is articulated along an axis C, at a distance from the articulation K of the stirrup on the chassis.
Vers l'extrémité supérieure de l'étrier 6, sont également raccordés des bras de soutien de l'avant de l'assise 2 et du repose-jambes 3 :Towards the upper end of the stirrup 6, are also connected support arms from the front of the seat 2 and the legrest 3:
- un premier ensemble de bras 31 relie le bord avant de l'assise 2 sur laquelle il est articulé en M aux pattes supérieures 61 de l'étrier, auxquelles il est relié par une articulation d'axe confondu avec l'axe C, ou voisin de ce dernier,a first set of arms 31 connects the front edge of the seat 2 on which it is articulated in M to the upper legs 61 of the stirrup, to which it is connected by an articulation with an axis coincident with the axis C, or neighbor of the latter,
- un deuxième bras 32 est également articulé par une extrémité sur une deuxième patte 62 de l'étrier 6 selon un axe L, voisin de l'axe C ou pouvant même être confondu avec lui, et son autre extrémité est reliée en N sur l'arrière du repose-jambes 3, sensiblement à mi- hauteur de celui-ci.- A second arm 32 is also articulated by one end on a second leg 62 of the stirrup 6 along an axis L, close to the axis C or which can even be confused with it, and its other end is connected in N on l 'rear of the leg rest 3, substantially mid-height thereof.
On notera que l'axe M est également confondu avec l'axe d'articulation entre l'assise 2 et le repose-jambes 3 , ou situé à proximité directe de ce dernier.It will be noted that the axis M is also coincident with the axis of articulation between the seat 2 and the legrest 3, or located in the immediate vicinity of the latter.
Sur l'arrière de l'assise est monté articulé selon un axe P un levier 7 à bras disposés en forme de « V ». Les extrémités des deux bras identiques d'un premier ensemble de bras 71 de ce levier sont par ailleurs articulées en Q respectivement sur les extrémités arrière recourbées 41 de l'armature de relevage 4, à distance en dessous de l'articulation A du dossier sur la dite armature 4. Un second bras 72, situé sensiblement dans le plan médian du fauteuil, est relié par une biellette 73 à l'extrémité inférieure d'une tige de réglage 13 liée au carter arrière 12 du dossier. On notera que le levier en V est un levier de renvoi essentiellement destiné à commander le déplacement de l'arrière de l'assise par rapport à l'armature de relevage lorsqu'il est commandé en pivotement autour de 1 ' axe Q par le propre pivotement du dossier, par l'intermédiaire de la biellette 73. Le système de pièces constitué par le levier 7 et la biellette 73 pourra donc être remplacé par tout système fonctionnellement équivalent, basé sur des systèmes de leviers, cames, excentriques, etc., dès lors que de tels systèmes permettent de piloter le déplacement adéquat de l'assise par rapport au dossier, ou inversement. On notera cependant que, de manière propre à l'invention, ces moyens destinés finalement à obtenir un pivotement relatif du dossier par rapport à l'assise autour de l'axe géométrique virtuel correspondant au point H d'articulation de la hanche de l'utilisateur, sont entièrement situés à l'arrière de l'assise et du dossier, et ne présentent donc aucun encombrement vers l'avant du dossier ou le dessus de l'assise, où se trouve pourtant 1 ' axe réel de pivotement relatif du dossier par rapport à 1 'assise.On the rear of the seat is mounted articulated according to an axis P a lever 7 with arms arranged in the shape of a "V". The ends of the two identical arms of a first set of arms 71 of this lever are also articulated in Q respectively on the curved rear ends 41 of the lifting frame 4, at a distance below the articulation A of the backrest on said frame 4. A second arm 72, located substantially in the median plane of the chair, is connected by a rod 73 to the lower end of an adjustment rod 13 linked to the rear casing 12 of the backrest. It will be noted that the V-shaped lever is a return lever essentially intended to control the movement of the rear of the seat relative to the lifting frame when it is pivotally controlled about the Q axis by the own pivoting of the backrest, via the link 73. The system of parts constituted by the lever 7 and the link 73 can therefore be replaced by any functionally equivalent system, based on systems of levers, cams, eccentrics, etc., since such systems make it possible to control the adequate movement of the seat relative to the backrest, or vice versa. It will be noted, however, that, in a manner specific to the invention, these means intended ultimately to obtain a relative pivoting of the backrest with respect to the seat around the virtual geometric axis corresponding to the point H of hip joint of the user, are entirely located at the rear of the seat and the backrest, and therefore have no space towards the front of the backrest or the top of the seat, where the actual relative pivot axis of the backrest is located relative to the seat.
La tige de réglage 13 comporte une lumière longitudinale 14 dans laquelle est placé un pion 15 solidaire du carter 12, et qui peut coulisser sur ce pion, et l'extrémité supérieure de la tige de réglage est solidarisée sur une paroi arrière 16 du carter 12 par un organe de réglage à serrage manuel, par exemple un bouton moleté 17, dont la tige filetée passe dans un trou oblong 18 s' étendant dans la direction longitudinale du dossier. On peut ainsi ajuster la position de l'extrémité supérieure de la tige de réglage 13 par rapport au dossier, en réglant sa position par rapport au trou oblong, et en la bloquant dans la position désirée au moyen du bouton moleté 17. Ce réglage permet ainsi d'ajuster, en agissant sur la position angulaire du levier 7 par l'intermédiaire de la biellette 73, la position relative du dossier par rapport à l'assise, donc de modifier la valeur de leur écartement e, c'est à dire aussi de modifier la position de l'axe géométrique de pivotement relatif, pour adapter le siège à la morphologie de l'utilisateur.The adjustment rod 13 has a longitudinal slot 14 in which is placed a pin 15 secured to the housing 12, and which can slide on this pin, and the upper end of the adjustment rod is secured to a rear wall 16 of the housing 12 by a manual tightening adjustment member, for example a knurled knob 17, the threaded rod of which passes through an oblong hole 18 extending in the longitudinal direction of the backrest. It is thus possible to adjust the position of the upper end of the adjustment rod 13 relative to the backrest, by adjusting its position relative to the oblong hole, and by locking it in the desired position by means of the knurled button 17. This adjustment allows thus to adjust, by acting on the angular position of the lever 7 by means of the rod 73, the relative position of the backrest with respect to the seat, therefore to modify the value of their spacing e, that is to say also to modify the position of the geometrical axis of relative pivoting, to adapt the seat to the morphology of the user.
On va maintenant décrire, en particulier en lien avec les figures 12 à 16, les mouvements des différents éléments du fauteuil lors du passage de la position couchée à la position debout. Le mouvement inverse s'en déduira de manière évidente, puisque le fauteuil a une seule loi de déplacements .We will now describe, in particular in connection with FIGS. 12 to 16, the movements of the various elements of the chair during the transition from the lying position to the standing position. The reverse movement will be evident from this, since the chair has only one law of displacement.
Les déplacements globaux peuvent se décomposer en deux phases successives, dont la première concerne le passage de la position couchée à la position assise, et la deuxième le passage de la position assise à la position debout.The overall displacements can be broken down into two successive phases, the first of which relates to the transition from the lying position to the sitting position, and the second the transition from the sitting position to the standing position.
Dans la position couchée, représentée figure 12, le dossier 1, l'assise 2, et le repose-jambes 3 sont en alignement horizontal . La tige du vérin 5 est rentrée au maximum. L'armature de relevage 4 est en appui par ses butées 41 sur les barres d'appui 105 du châssis. Le dossier en position horizontale maintien la barre de liaison 30 poussée vers l'avant, ce qui a pour effet de maintenir également l'étrier 6 pivoté vers l'avant. Par ailleurs l'extrémité de la tige de réglage 13 étant également dans une position avancée, elle agit sur le levier 7 dans le sens d'un pivotement de ce dernier autour de l'axe Q, ce qui maintient l'axe P et donc l'arrière de l'assise dans une position reculée, jouxtant le bas du dossier. De la combinaison de la position reculée de l'assise, entraînant l'axe M et le haut du repose-jambes 3, et de la position avancée de l'étrier 6, il résulte que les bras 31 et 32 sont amenés dans une position pivotée vers l'arrière, conduisant à maintenir le repose-jambes à l'horizontale.In the lying position, shown in Figure 12, the backrest 1, the seat 2, and the legrest 3 are in horizontal alignment. The rod of the jack 5 is retracted as far as possible. The lifting frame 4 is supported by its stops 41 on the support bars 105 of the chassis. The backrest in the horizontal position keeps the link bar 30 pushed forward, which also keeps the stirrup 6 pivoted forward. Furthermore, the end of the adjustment rod 13 being also in an advanced position, it acts on the lever 7 in the direction of a pivoting of the latter around the axis Q, which keeps the axis P and therefore the rear of the seat in a retracted position, adjoining the bottom of the backrest. From the combination of the retracted position of the seat, driving the axis M and the top of the legrest 3, and the advanced position of the stirrup 6, it follows that the arms 31 and 32 are brought into a position pivoted backwards, leading to keep the legrest horizontal.
A partir de cette position couchée, la sortie de la tige 52 du vérin 5 peut être commandée, pour amener le fauteuil dans la position semi-assise représentée figures 13 et 14. La sortie de la tige du vérin a pour effet de pousser l'axe F vers l'arrière, faisant pivoter le dossier autour de l'axe A. Ce faisant, la barre de liaison 30 est tirée vers l'arrière par l'axe D, ce qui fait pivoter l'étrier 6 également vers l'arrière, et l'extrémité inférieure de la tige de réglage est également déplacée vers l'arrière, entraînant un pivotement du levier 7 autour de l'axe Q, encore fixe par rapport au châssis, et donc un déplacement de l'axe P vers 1 ' avant , entraînant à son tour un déplacement de l'assise vers l'avant. De la combinaison de l'avancée de l'assise et du recul de la barre de liaison 30, il résulte un pivotement vers l'avant des deux bras 31, 32, ayant pour effet de soulever l'avant de l'assise dans un premier temps, et de redresser le repose-jambes 3, comme on le voit bien aux figures 13 ou 14. On voit bien également l'écartement qui est généré entre l'arrière de l'assise et le bas du dossier.From this lying position, the output of the rod 52 of the jack 5 can be controlled, to bring the chair into the semi-seated position shown in Figures 13 and 14. The output of the rod of the jack has the effect of pushing the axis F rearward, pivoting the backrest around axis A. In doing so, the connecting bar 30 is pulled rearward by axis D, which rotates the stirrup 6 also towards the rear, and the lower end of the adjustment rod is also moved rearward, causing the lever 7 to pivot about the axis Q, still fixed relative to the chassis, and therefore a displacement of the axis P towards 1 front, in turn causing a displacement of the seat forward. The combination of the advance of the seat and the decline of the connecting bar 30 results in a pivoting forwards of the two arms 31, 32, having the effect of lifting the front of the seat in a first, and straighten the legrest 3, as can be seen in Figures 13 or 14. We can also see the gap that is generated between the rear of the seat and the bottom of the backrest.
En poursuivant ce mouvement au-delà de la position semi-assise, le dossier continue à se redresser, continuant à faire- pivoter l'étrier 6 vers l'arrière. Comme l'assise continue également à être déplacée vers l'avant, il en résulte que l'axe M de l'avant de l'assise redescend," après être passé par une altitude maximum obtenue dans la position semi-assise, ce qui a pour effet de ramener l'assise vers l'horizontale, alors que le repose-jambes arrive en position sensiblement verticale en même temps que le dossier, comme on le voit figure 15. L'étrier 6 arrive alors en butée contre une butée fixe 107 solidaire du châssis.By continuing this movement beyond the semi-seated position, the backrest continues to straighten, continuing to rotate the stirrup 6 backwards. As the seat also continues to be moved forward, it follows that the axis M of the front of the seat descends, " after going through a maximum altitude obtained in the semi-seated position, which has the effect of bringing the seat towards the horizontal, while the legrest arrives in a substantially vertical position at the same time as the backrest , as seen in Figure 15. The stirrup 6 then comes into abutment against a fixed stop 107 secured to the chassis.
L'axe d'articulation C de la barre de liaison 30 étant alors arrivé dans une position arrière maximale, du fait de la position pivotée vers l'arrière, jusqu'en butée, de l'étrier 6, visible figure 15, toute la partie avant du fauteuil se trouve alors immobilisée, à savoir l'étrier 6, les bras 31 et 32, le repose-jambes 3, et l'axe d'articulation M de l'avant de l'assise. L'armature de relevage 4, et la barre de liaison 30 forment alors avec le dossier et le châssis un parallélogramme déformable ABCD, dans lequel les points B et C sont alors fixes par rapport au châssis. Sous l'effet de la poursuite de la sortie de la tige du vérin, ce parallélogramme commence à se déformer, en faisant pivoter l'armature de relevage 4 autour de l'axe B et la barre de liaison 30 autour de l'axe C, fixe par rapport au châssis comme indiqué ci-dessus. Ceci a notamment pour effet de soulever l'extrémité arrière de l'armature de relevage 4 et de dégager les butées 42 de leur appui sur les extrémités supérieures des barres d'appui 105, comme on peut le voir figure 16 ou le fauteuil est représenté dans la position semi-debout.The articulation axis C of the connecting bar 30 having then arrived in a maximum rear position, owing to the pivoted rearward position, as far as the stop, of the stirrup 6, visible in FIG. 15, all of the front part of the chair is then immobilized, namely the stirrup 6, the arms 31 and 32, the leg rest 3, and the hinge pin M of the front of the seat. The lifting frame 4, and the connecting bar 30 then form with the backrest and the chassis a deformable parallelogram ABCD, in which the points B and C are then fixed relative to the chassis. Under the effect of the continued output of the cylinder rod, this parallelogram begins to deform, by pivoting the lifting frame 4 around the axis B and the connecting bar 30 around the axis C , fixed with respect to the chassis as indicated above. This has in particular the effect of lifting the rear end of the lifting frame 4 and of releasing the stops 42 from their support on the upper ends of the support bars 105, as can be seen in FIG. 16 where the chair is shown. in the semi-upright position.
On notera incidemment que ça n'est que dans la position assise que l'appui de la butée 42 sur les barres 105 et l'appui de l'étrier sur les butées 107 sont réalisés simultanément. De la position assise vers la position couchée, seules les butées 42 sont fonctionnelles, et de la position assise vers la position debout, seules les butées 107 sont fonctionnelles.It will be noted incidentally that it is only in the seated position that the support of the stop 42 on the bars 105 and the support of the stirrup on the stops 107 are produced simultaneously. From the sitting position to the lying position, only the stops 42 are functional, and from the sitting position to the standing position, only the stops 107 are functional.
Par ailleurs, en poursuivant le mouvement à partir de la position assise, par l'effet de parallélogramme déformable, et les axes C et D étant fixes par rapport au dossier, celui-ci se déplace parallèlement à lui-même, autrement dit en restant dans la position verticale acquise lors de l'arrivée de l'ensemble du fauteuil en position assise. Le pivotement de l'armature de relevage provoque simultanément le pivotement de l'assise autour de son axe d'articulation avant M, jusqu'à son arrivée en position verticale, en alignement vertical avec le repose-jambes, simultanément avec l'arrivée du dossier également dans cet alignement vertical, correspondant à la position debout illustrée figure 17. On notera que le système de levier 7 et biellette 73 provoque simultanément le rapprochement du bord arrière de l'assise, c'est-à-dire son bord supérieur dans cette position, avec le bord inférieur du dossier.Furthermore, by continuing the movement from from the seated position, by the deformable parallelogram effect, and the axes C and D being fixed relative to the backrest, the latter moves parallel to itself, in other words remaining in the vertical position acquired during the arrival of the entire chair in the seated position. The pivoting of the lifting frame simultaneously causes the seat to pivot about its front articulation axis M, until it arrives in a vertical position, in vertical alignment with the legrest, simultaneously with the arrival of the folder also in this vertical alignment, corresponding to the standing position illustrated in Figure 17. It will be noted that the lever system 7 and link 73 simultaneously causes the rear edge of the seat to come together, that is to say its upper edge in this position, with the lower edge of the backrest.
On notera aussi que le pivotement du dossier par rapport à l'assise s'effectue, tant pour le passage de la position couchée à la position assise, que pour le passage de la position assise à la position debout, selon un axe instantané immatériel X situé en permanence à des distances sensiblement constantes respectivement du dossier et de l'assise, de manière à être le mieux possible en concordance avec la position de l'axe de pivotement des hanches H de l'utilisateur.It will also be noted that the pivoting of the backrest with respect to the seat takes place, both for the passage from the lying position to the sitting position, and for the passage from the sitting position to the standing position, along an immaterial instantaneous axis X permanently located at substantially constant distances from the backrest and the seat respectively, so as to be as close as possible to the position of the pivot axis of the user's hips H.
Selon une disposition non représentée, mais de manière générale connue en soi, le repose-jambes peut être équipé de repose-pied, réalisés par exemple sous la forme de plaques s 'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement au repose-jambes et reliées à ce dernier par un système de tubes éventuellement coulissants pour en permettre le réglage en position par rapport au dit repose-jambes . Au-delà de la position assise vers la position couchée, les repose-pied sont surélevés par rapport au sol, permettant ainsi de déplacer le fauteuil sur ses roulettes. A partir de la position assise et vers la position debout, les repose- pied viennent en appui sur le sol, et de manière telle que les roues avant du fauteuil se trouvent soulevées, le fauteuil reposant alors uniquement sur les roues arrière et sur les dits repose-pied, ce qui assure sa stabilité et évite tout risque de roulement ou glissement sur le sol pendant la phase de levage où l'occupant est amené en position debout.According to an arrangement not shown, but generally known per se, the legrest can be equipped with footrests, produced for example in the form of plates extending substantially perpendicular to the legrest and connected to the latter by a system of possibly sliding tubes to allow adjustment in position relative to said legrest. Beyond the sitting position towards the lying position, the footrests are raised above the ground, thus making it possible to move the chair on its casters. From the seated position and towards the standing position, the footrests come to rest on the ground, and in such a way that the front wheels of the chair are raised, the chair then resting only on the rear wheels and on the said footrests, which ensures its stability and avoids any risk of rolling or sliding on the ground during the lifting phase when the occupant is brought into a standing position.
Les figures 18 à 21 illustrent schématiquement un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.Figures 18 to 21 schematically illustrate another embodiment of the invention.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'avant de l'assise 2 et le haut du repose-jambes 3 sont articulés ensemble en un point fixe M' sur une extrémité supérieure avant du châssis 10' .In this embodiment, the front of the seat 2 and the top of the leg rest 3 are articulated together at a fixed point M 'on a front upper end of the chassis 10'.
Ce point fixe M' , ou un point voisin fixe sur le châssis, sert également d'articulation pour l'armature de relevage 4', sur l'extrémité arrière recourbée de laquelle une armature de dossier 12' est articulée en A'. L'extrémité' inférieure de l'armature de dossier 12' porte un galet 121 qui entre en contact avec un chemin de came 106 solidaire de la partie arrière du châssis, lorsque le dossier est relevé à partir de la position couchée sous la poussée du vérin 5' dont le corps est articulé sur le châssis en E' et la tige articulée sur l'armature de dossier en F' .This fixed point M ', or a neighboring fixed point on the chassis, also serves as an articulation for the lifting frame 4', on the curved rear end of which a back frame 12 'is articulated at A'. The ' lower end of the backrest frame 12' carries a roller 121 which comes into contact with a cam track 106 secured to the rear part of the chassis, when the backrest is raised from the lying position under the thrust of the 5 'jack whose body is articulated on the chassis at E' and the rod articulated on the back frame at F '.
Un ensemble de barres et de bielles commande le déplacement de la partie arrière de l'assise 2 à partir du mouvement du dossier 1. Une bielle 75 est articulée sur l'arrière de l'assise en P' , et en R' sur un ensemble de barres liées à l'armature de dossier. Cet ensemble de barres comporte une barre 76 reliée sur l'extrémité inférieure de l'armature de dossier au niveau de l'axe Q' du galet 121. Une autre barre 77 relie le point de liaison R' à l'armature de dossier à proximité de l'articulation A' . Une barre de liaison 30' est articulée sur l'armature de dossier dans sa partie inférieure en D' , et relie celle-ci d'une part en C , ou en un point voisin, à un bras 31' articulé en M', et d'autre part en L' à un bras 32' dont l'extrémité est reliée au repose-jambes en N' . L'extrémité avant de la barre de liaison 30' est pourvue d'un galet 45 d'axe C ' qui, lors du passage de la position assise à la position debout, comme on le voit figures 20 et 21, se place sur un chemin de guidage et d'appui 46 obligeant la barre de liaison 30' à pivoter autour de l'axe c" de ce galet 45, le relevage du fauteuil se faisant alors par utilisation du parallélogramme déformable A'M'C'D' formé notamment par la barre de liaison 30' et l'armature de relevage 4'. Dans la phase de passage de la position couchée à la position assise, le pivotement du repose-jambes est commandé par le bras 32', entraîné par le déplacement vers l'arrière de la barre de liaison 4', provoqué lui- même par le pivotement du dossier. L'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisations qui ont été décrits ci-dessus uniquement à titre d'exemples. Le fauteuil selon l'invention trouvera son application non seulement dans le domaine médical ou paramédical, où l'amplitude totale de ses déplacements entre la position couchée et la position debout sera avantageusement utilisée, mais aussi dans des applications où on n'utilisera couramment qu'une partie de la cinématique décrite précédemment dans son ensemble, telles que de le domaine général du siège de confort ou de loisir, à visée ergonomique, pour des sièges d'ameublement ou encore des sièges utilisables dans divers moyens de transport, notamment pour le conducteur par exemple, tels que dans des véhicules automobiles, avions ou bateaux, véhicules de transport en commun, etc. A set of bars and connecting rods controls the movement of the rear part of the seat 2 from the movement of the backrest 1. A connecting rod 75 is articulated on the rear of the seat in P ', and in R' on a set of bars linked to the back frame. This set of bars comprises a bar 76 connected to the lower end of the backrest frame at the level of the axis Q 'of the roller 121. Another bar 77 connects the connection point R' to the backrest frame to close to joint A '. A connecting bar 30 'is articulated on the back frame in its lower part in D', and connects this one on the one hand in C, or at a neighboring point, to an arm 31 'articulated in M', and on the other hand in L 'to an arm 32' whose end is connected to the legrest in N '. The front end of the connecting bar 30 ′ is provided with a roller 45 of axis C ′ which, when changing from the seated position to the standing position, as seen in FIGS. 20 and 21, is placed on a guide and support path 46 forcing the connecting bar 30 'to pivot about the axis c "of this roller 45, the lifting of the chair then being done by using the deformable parallelogram A'M'C'D' formed in particular by the link bar 30 ′ and the lifting frame 4 ′. In the phase of transition from the supine position to the seated position, the pivoting of the legrest is controlled by the arm 32 ′, driven by the movement towards the rear of the connecting bar 4 ′, itself caused by the pivoting of the backrest The invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described above only by way of examples. the invention will find its application not only in the medical or paramedical field, where the total amplitude of its movements between the supine position and the standing position will be advantageously used, but also in applications where only part of the kinematics described previously as a whole will be commonly used, such as in the general field of the comfort seat or leisure, ergonomic, for furniture seats or seats usable in various means of transport, especially for the driver for example, such as in motor vehicles, planes or boats, public transport vehicles, etc.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Fauteuil multi-positions comportant un châssis1. Multi-position armchair with a frame
(10 ; 10'), apte à reposer sur le sol, une assise (2) et un dossier (1) pivotant par rapport à l'assise selon un axe de pivotement transversal, l'assise, le dossier et le châssis étant par ailleurs reliés entre eux par des moyens d'articulations et des moyens de commande pour régler leurs positions relatives, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'articulation comprennent : - une armature de relevage (4 ; 4') articulée sur une partie avant du châssis selon un axe de pivotement transversal (B, M') et à l'arrière de laquelle est articulée (axe A) une partie basse du dossier (1) , un ensemble de liaison ( 7, 73; 75) reliant l'extrémité arrière de l'assise à un point (R ; R') d'extrémité inférieure du dossier, distant de l'articulation (A) du dossier sur l'armature de relevage, et les moyens de commande (5 ; 5') sont agencés de manière à assurer des déplacements coordonnés de l'assise et du dossier selon une loi de déplacement prédéterminée continue et unique entre une position assise (III) où le dossier est sensiblement vertical alors que l'assise est sensiblement horizontale et soit une position couchée (I) où le dossier et l'assise sont sensiblement en alignement horizontal, soit une position debout (V) où le dossier et l'assise sont sensiblement en alignement vertical, en passant par des positions intermédiaires, les dits moyens d'articulation ainsi que la trajectoire de l'axe géométrique instantané (X) d'articulation du dossier par rapport à l'assise étant déterminés de manière que le dit axe géométrique instantané (X) soit en permanence situé à des distances sensiblement constantes respectivement du plan général de l'assise et du plan général du dossier, de manière à rester en permanence sensiblement au niveau de l'articulation (H) de la hanche de l'utilisateur.(10; 10 '), capable of resting on the ground, a seat (2) and a backrest (1) pivoting relative to the seat along a transverse pivot axis, the seat, the backrest and the chassis being by elsewhere connected to each other by articulation means and control means for adjusting their relative positions, characterized in that the articulation means comprise: - a lifting frame (4; 4 ') articulated on a front part of the chassis along a transverse pivot axis (B, M ') and at the rear of which is articulated (axis A) a lower part of the backrest (1), a connection assembly (7, 73; 75) connecting the rear end of the seat at a point (R; R ') of the lower end of the backrest, distant from the articulation (A) of the backrest on the lifting frame, and the control means (5; 5') are arranged so as to ensure coordinated movements of the seat and backrest according to a predetermined continuous and unique displacement law between a sitting position (III) where the back is substantially vertical while the seat is substantially horizontal and either a lying position (I) where the back and the seat are substantially in horizontal alignment, or a standing position (V) where the backrest and seat are substantially in vertical alignment, passing through intermediate positions, the said means of articulation as well as the trajectory of the instantaneous geometric axis (X) of articulation of the backrest with respect to the seat being determined so that said instantaneous geometric axis (X) is permanently located at substantially constant distances respectively from the general plane of the seat and from the general plane of the backrest, so as to remain permanently substantially at the level of the hip joint (H) of the user.
2. Fauteuil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'armature de relevage, l'ensemble de liaison, et les articulations entre ces éléments et l'assise et le dossier sont agencés de manière que, lorsque le dossier pivote relativement par rapport à la dite armature de relevage autour de l'axe de l'articulation (A), le dossier entraîne, par l'intermédiaire du dit ensemble de liaison, un pivotement de l'assise tel que le bord inférieur du dossier et le bord arrière de l'assise se rapprochent l'un de l'autre lorsque le dossier et l'assise se déplacent vers une position (I, V) où ils sont sensiblement en alignement, et s'éloignent l'un de l'autre lorsque le dossier et l'assise se déplacent vers la position assise (III) .2. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting frame, the connection assembly, and the articulations between these elements and the seat and the backrest are arranged so that when the backrest pivots relatively relative at said lifting frame around the axis of the articulation (A), the backrest causes, by means of said connecting assembly, a pivoting of the seat such that the lower edge of the backrest and the rear edge of the seat approach each other when the backrest and the seat move to a position (I, V) where they are substantially in alignment, and move away from each other when the backrest and seat move to the sitting position (III).
3. Fauteuil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de liaison comprend un levier de renvoi (7) monté pivotant (en Q) vers l'arrière de l'armature de relevage (4) et articulé par ailleurs par une extrémité supérieure (en P) sur l'arrière de l'assise, et une biellette (73) reliant le point (R) d'extrémité inférieure du dossier à une extrémité inférieure du dit levier de renvoi .3. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting assembly comprises a return lever (7) pivotally mounted (in Q) towards the rear of the lifting frame (4) and also articulated by a upper end (in P) on the rear of the seat, and a link (73) connecting the point (R) of the lower end of the backrest to a lower end of said return lever.
4. Fauteuil selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le levier de renvoi est un levier en V (7) dont la pointe est montée pivotante à l'arrière de l'assise (2) et qui comporte un premier bras (71) articulé sur l'extrémité arrière de l'armature de relevage (4) et un deuxième bras (72) sur l'extrémité duquel est reliée la biellette (73) .4. Chair according to claim 3, characterized in that the return lever is a V-shaped lever (7) whose tip is pivotally mounted at the rear of the seat (2) and which comprises a first arm (71) articulated on the rear end of the lifting frame (4) and a second arm (72) on the end of which is connected the link (73).
Fauteuil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l' ensemble de liaison comprend une biellette (75) reliant le point (R') d'extrémité inférieure du dossier à l'arrière de l'assise.Armchair according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection assembly comprises a link (75) connecting the point (R ') of the lower end of the back to the rear of the seat.
6. Fauteuil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'armature de relevage (4 ; 4') constitue avec le châssis, le dossier et une barre de liaison inférieure6. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting frame (4; 4 ') constitutes with the chassis, the backrest and a lower connecting bar
(30 ; 30') reliée au dossier dans sa partie inférieure, un parallélogramme déformable (ABCD ; A'M'C'D') assurant le déplacement du dossier entre la position assise et la position debout selon une translation au cours de laquelle le dossier reste sensiblement vertical.(30; 30 ') connected to the backrest in its lower part, a deformable parallelogram (ABCD; A'M'C'D') ensuring the movement of the backrest between the sitting position and the standing position in a translation during which the backrest remains substantially vertical.
7. Fauteuil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'armature de relevage (4) comporte vers l'arrière une butée (42) adaptée pour reposer sur une barre d'appui (105) solidaire du châssis, tant que le fauteuil est situé dans une position entre la position couchée et la position assise.7. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting frame (4) comprises rearward a stop (42) adapted to rest on a support bar (105) secured to the frame, as the chair is located in a position between the lying position and the sitting position.
8. Fauteuil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un repose-jambes (3) pivotant par rapport à l'assise selon un axe de pivotement transversal (M ; M'), et les moyens d'articulation sont agencés de manière à assurer le déplacement coordonné du repose- jambes par rapport à l'assise et au dossier, selon une loi de déplacement prédéterminée continue et unique entre une position couchée (I) où le dossier, l'assise et le repose-jambes sont sensiblement en alignement horizontal et une position debout (V) où le dossier, l'assise et le repose-jambes sont sensiblement en alignement vertical, en passant par des positions intermédiaires dont une position assise (III) où le dossier et le repose-jambes sont sensiblement verticaux alors que l'assise est sensiblement horizontale. 8. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a leg rest (3) pivoting relative to the seat along a transverse pivot axis (M; M '), and the articulation means are arranged so as to ensure the coordinated movement of the legrest with respect to the seat and the backrest, according to a predetermined continuous and unique displacement law between a lying position (I) where the backrest, the seat and the legrest are substantially in horizontal alignment and a standing position (V) where the back, the seat and the legrest are substantially in vertical alignment, passing through intermediate positions including a seated position (III) where the back and the legrest are substantially vertical while the seat is substantially horizontal.
9. Fauteuil selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une barre de liaison inférieure (30 ; 30') dont l'extrémité arrière est articulée sur le dossier dans sa partie inférieure, et dont l'extrémité avant est reliée au repose-jambes de manière que l'inclinaison du repose-jambe soit commandée par l'inclinaison du dossier.9. Chair according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a lower connecting bar (30; 30 ') whose rear end is articulated on the backrest in its lower part, and whose front end is connected to the legrest so that the inclination of the legrest is controlled by the inclination of the backrest.
10. Fauteuil selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la barre de liaison inférieure (30) est articulée d'une part sur une extrémité inférieure d'un carter arrière (12) du dossier, et d'autre part sur un étrier (6) monté pivotant à l'avant du châssis, l'étrier (6) étant également relié par des bras articules (31, 32) respectivement à l'articulation (M) entre assise (2) et repose-jambes (3) et à la face arrière du dit repose- jambes .10. Armchair according to claim 9, characterized in that the lower link bar (30) is articulated on the one hand on a lower end of a rear casing (12) of the backrest, and on the other hand on a stirrup ( 6) pivotally mounted at the front of the chassis, the stirrup (6) also being connected by articulated arms (31, 32) respectively to the articulation (M) between seat (2) and legrest (3) and on the back of said leg rest.
11. Fauteuil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu' il comporte des moyens de réglage de la position du point (R ; R') d'extrémité inférieure du dossier par rapport au dossier, pour pouvoir ajuster la position du dossier par rapport à l'assise en fonction de la morphologie de l'utilisateur.11. Armchair according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means for adjusting the position of the point (R; R ') of the lower end of the backrest with respect to the backrest, in order to be able to adjust the position of the backrest with respect to at the seat according to the morphology of the user.
12. Fauteuil selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le point (R ; R') d'extrémité inférieure du dossier est situé à l'extrémité inférieure d'une tige de réglage (13) fixée sur un carter arrière (12) du dossier de manière réglable en position.12. Chair according to claim 11, characterized in that the point (R; R ') of the lower end of the backrest is located at the lower end of an adjustment rod (13) fixed on a rear casing (12) backrest adjustable in position.
13. Fauteuil selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la tige de réglage (13) est fixée à son extrémité supérieure sur le carter arrière (12) de dossier par des moyens de serrage manuel (17) agencés de manière à pouvoir ajuster la position verticale de l'extrémité supérieure de la tige de réglage par rapport au dossier.13. Armchair according to claim 12, characterized in that the adjustment rod (13) is fixed at its upper end to the rear casing (12) of the backrest by manual clamping means (17) arranged so as to be able to adjust the vertical position of the upper end of the adjustment rod relative to the backrest.
14. Fauteuil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande comportent un vérin, notamment un vérin électrique (5) , monté articulé entre le châssis (10) et un carter arrière inférieur (12) du dossier.14. Chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the control means comprise a jack, in particular an electric jack (5), mounted articulated between the frame (10) and a lower rear casing (12) of the backrest.
15. Fauteuil selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de mémorisation de position du vérin. 15. Chair according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises means for memorizing the position of the jack.
PCT/FR2001/003949 2000-12-12 2001-12-11 Multiple-position armchair WO2002047513A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002219288A AU2002219288A1 (en) 2000-12-12 2001-12-11 Multiple-position armchair

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0016283A FR2817720A1 (en) 2000-12-12 2000-12-12 MULTI-POSITION ARMCHAIR
FR00/16283 2000-12-12

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WO2002047513A1 true WO2002047513A1 (en) 2002-06-20

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CN109157344A (en) * 2018-09-21 2019-01-08 刘雁斌 A kind of device for self-care tool
CN113520087A (en) * 2021-08-19 2021-10-22 礼恩派(嘉兴)有限公司 Movable seat device of theater chair
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009117884A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2009-10-01 Kang Jun Sofa chair with a crus cushion
US8783403B1 (en) 2013-01-08 2014-07-22 Llyod L. Robbins Transfer accessible vehicle for disabled person
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US20220386776A1 (en) * 2018-11-14 2022-12-08 Ohad Paz Tilting/lifting chair
CN113520087A (en) * 2021-08-19 2021-10-22 礼恩派(嘉兴)有限公司 Movable seat device of theater chair

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002219288A1 (en) 2002-06-24
FR2817720A1 (en) 2002-06-14

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