WO2001074828A1 - Water soluble chiral diphosphines - Google Patents
Water soluble chiral diphosphines Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001074828A1 WO2001074828A1 PCT/FR2001/001000 FR0101000W WO0174828A1 WO 2001074828 A1 WO2001074828 A1 WO 2001074828A1 FR 0101000 W FR0101000 W FR 0101000W WO 0174828 A1 WO0174828 A1 WO 0174828A1
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Classifications
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- B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
- B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
- B01J2231/643—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes of R2C=O or R2C=NR (R= C, H)
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
- B01J2231/641—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes
- B01J2231/645—Hydrogenation of organic substrates, i.e. H2 or H-transfer hydrogenations, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes of C=C or C-C triple bonds
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- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0261—Complexes comprising ligands with non-tetrahedral chirality
- B01J2531/0266—Axially chiral or atropisomeric ligands, e.g. bulky biaryls such as donor-substituted binaphthalenes, e.g. "BINAP" or "BINOL"
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- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
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- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/827—Iridium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Definitions
- the invention relates to water-soluble chiral diphosphines useful as ligands in the synthesis of water-soluble complexes for asymmetric catalysis.
- the preparation of water-soluble catalyst complexes is desirable in order to facilitate the implementation of asymmetric reactions in a biphasic medium. Furthermore, the supply of water-soluble catalyst complexes makes it possible to carry out asymmetric reactions in a single-phase aqueous or hydroorganic medium.
- the catalyst is easily separated from the reaction products by elimination of the aqueous phase, the reaction products remaining dissolved in the organic phase.
- Application FR 99 02 1 19 relates to a process for the preparation of chiral diphosphines useful as ligands in the synthesis of complexes intended for asymmetric catalysis which correspond to formula I.
- A represents naphthyl or phenyl
- An and Ar 2 independently represent a saturated or aromatic carbocyclic group
- the present invention provides water soluble ligands prepared from the compounds of formula I which are useful in the preparation of water soluble complexes effective in asymmetric catalysis.
- the invention relates to a water-soluble compound of formula ⁇
- - A represents naphthyl or phenyl
- - An and Ar 2 independently represent a saturated or aromatic carbocyclic group
- X a , X b are independently chosen from an amino group, an ammonium group and an amino group modified by a linear polyoxyalkylenated chain; it being understood that at least one of X a and X b represents ammonium or modified amino.
- phenyl and naphthyl radicals are optionally substituted.
- carrier radical is understood to mean, according to the invention, an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycyclic radical, preferably C 3 - C 50 . Preferably, it is a C 3 -C 18 radical, preferably mono-, bi- or tricyclic.
- the carbocyclic radical can comprise a saturated part and / or an aromatic part.
- the carbocyclic radical comprises more than one cyclic nucleus (in the case of polycyclic carbocycles)
- the cyclic nuclei can be condensed two by two or attached two by two by ⁇ bonds.
- saturated carbocyclic radicals are cycloalkyl groups.
- cycloalkyl groups are cyclic saturated hydrocarbon radicals, preferably C 3 -C 18, more preferably C 3 -C 1 0, including cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl or norbornyl.
- aromatic carbocyclic radicals are the groups
- substituents of the phenyl, naphthyl and carbocyclic radicals are therefore any which do not interfere with the complexing of the ligand to the metal during the preparation of the catalyst.
- substituents are the alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, thioalkoxyalkyl, polyoxyalkylene, -S0 3 H, -S0 3 M radicals where M is a metallic or ammonium cation, -PO 3 H 2 , -PO 3 HM or -PO 3 M 2 where M is as defined above.
- alkyl means a hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, preferably having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, better still from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- M is an alkali metal cation such as Na, Li or K.
- alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl and thioalkoxyalkyl radicals the alkyl parts are saturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon radicals, comprising in particular up to 25 carbon atoms, and, for example from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, better still from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, isohexyl, neohexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3- methylpentyle, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1 - methyl-1-ethylpropyl, heptyle, 1-methylhexyl, 1-propylbutyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 1-methylheptyle, 2- ethylhexyl, 5,5-dimethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, 1-methylnonyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl and 7,7-
- polyoxyalkylene type substituent is meant a linear polyoxyalkylenated chain attached to the phenyl, naphthyl and carbocyclic groups by an oxygen atom situated at the end, said chain consisting of oxyalkylene units where alkylene is preferably C 2 -C 5 , better still in C 2 -C3.
- said chain comprises up to 200 oxyalkylene units, preferably from 100 to 150.
- the substituents are alkyl or alkoxy groups.
- A represents naphthyl or phenyl, optionally substituted by one or more radicals chosen from (C ⁇ -C 6 ) alkyl and (C ⁇ -C 6 ) alkoxy; and Ar-i, Ar 2 independently represent a phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more (CrC ⁇ Jalkyle or (C ⁇ -Ce) alkoxy; or a (C -Cs) cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by one or more groups (C ⁇ -C 6 ) alkyl.
- alkyl groups examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, isohexyl, neohexyl, 1- methylpentyle, 3-methylpentyle, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl and 1-methyl-1-ethylpropyl.
- the alkyl radical comprises from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- alkoxy designates the radical -O-alkyl where alkyl is as defined above.
- the cycloalkyl groups are chosen from cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
- each of the naphthyl and phenyl groups representing A can be substituted.
- Ar * ⁇ and Ar 2 are independently phenyl optionally substituted by methyl or tert-butyl; or (C 5 -C 6 ) cycloalkyl optionally substituted by methyl or tert-butyl.
- Ar-i and Ar 2 are identical.
- a much preferred meaning of Ar-i and Ar 2 is optionally substituted phenyl.
- A represents naphthyl optionally substituted by one to five, preferably one to two, groups chosen from (C 1 -C 6 ) alkyl and (C 1 -C 6 ) alkoxy. More preferably, A represents unsubstituted naphthyl.
- A represents optionally substituted phenyl
- a group of more particularly preferred compounds consists of the compounds of formula ⁇ prepared from compounds of formula I having an axis of symmetry C 2 to the exclusion of any other element of symmetry.
- Ar-i and Ar 2 are as defined above and S represents a compatible substituent as defined above, and for example alkyl or alkoxy, preferably Ci-C ⁇ ,
- the compounds of formula I are optically active.
- the racemic mixtures of the compounds of formula I lead to racemic ⁇ compounds which can be used according to the invention in combination with a chiral amine for the selective hydrogenation of ketones as will be explained below.
- amino group modified by a polyoxyalkylenated chain designates an amino group linked to a polyoxyalkylenated chain via an appropriate bridging chain.
- a polyoxyalkylenated chain is a polymer chain made up of alkylene oxide units, preferably of C 2 -C 5, for example C 2 -C 3 .
- the recurring units of the polyoxyalkylenated chains have the formula:
- Ri and R 2 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group optionally substituted by aryl; alkoxy and / or aryloxy; an aryl group; each aryl group being optionally substituted.
- alkyl and aryl groups are generally as defined above.
- Suitable substituents of the aryl group are, for example, alkyl and alkoxy.
- R 1 and R 2 in the above formula represent a hydrogen atom.
- a first group of ammonium salts consists of the salts resulting from the addition of a compound of formula I
- a second group of ammonium salts consists of the salts resulting from the addition of a compound of formula I
- mineral acid suitable for the preparation of a salt of a compound of formula I mention may be made of nitric acid, a hydrohalic acid (such as hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid), a sulfuric acid (including at least one acid function is in free form, the other possibly being in salified form) or a phosphoric acid (at least one acid function of which is in free form, the others possibly being in salified form).
- nitric acid such as hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid
- sulfuric acid including at least one acid function is in free form, the other possibly being in salified form
- a phosphoric acid at least one acid function of which is in free form, the others possibly being in salified form.
- sulfuric or phosphoric acid has at least one acid function in salified form, this is preferably salified with an alkali or alkaline-earth metal.
- the salt formula of the compound of formula I is preferably the following:
- monocarboxylic acid designates a saturated and / or cyclic, saturated or aromatic aliphatic molecule, carrying a single -COOH function.
- aliphatic and cyclic molecule is meant a molecule comprising both a cyclic part and an aliphatic part.
- polycarboxylic is meant according to the invention saturated aliphatic and / or saturated or aromatic cyclic molecules carrying more than one -COOH function, preferably carrying 1, 2 or 3 -COOH functions.
- Cyclic carboxylic acids are carbocyclic or heterocyclic, monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the carbocyclic radicals, saturated or aromatic, are as defined above.
- saturated or aromatic mono- or polycyclic heterocycles forming the heterocyclic radicals are pyridine, furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyrrazole, imidazole.
- Other examples are pyrrolidine, diox
- heterocycles are in particular pyridine, furan, thiophene, pyrrole, benzofuran and benzothiophene.
- carboxylic acids are acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, acid maleic, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, cinnamic acid, manoleic acid, triflic acid, methane-sulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid , salicylic acid and benzoic acid.
- the addition salt is easily prepared by bringing the acid and the compound of formula I into contact, at room temperature, in a suitable solvent capable of dissolving the compound of formula I.
- a suitable solvent is for example an aprotic solvent such as than a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon (of the dichloromethane or trichlorethylene type) or halogenated aromatic such as benzene or halogenated toluene.
- the acid When the acid is monocarboxylic, it is necessary to react at least two equivalents of acid on the compound of formula I. When the acid is dicarboxylic, one molar equivalent is sufficient.
- the inventors have realized that after coordination with an appropriate metal, the resulting water-soluble complex acts as a catalyst in asymmetric synthesis.
- the preferred polyoxyalkylenated derivatives (i) of the invention consist of one or more polyoxyalkylenated chains, of one or more Gi groups of formula:
- A, An and Ar 2 are as defined above, and further comprise the number of bridging chains suitable for the attachment of said groups Gi and G 2 to said polyoxyalkylenated chains.
- the groups Gi and / or G 2 can either cap the ends of polyoxyalkylenated chains, or be linked to internal units of said polyoxyalkylenated chains.
- a first type of polyoxyalkylene derivative (i) is a linear polyoxyalkylene carrying at least one group G-i as defined above.
- G-i can be located at the end of the polyoxyalkylenated chain, or be attached to an internal motif of the polyoxyalkylenated chain so as not to cap either end of the polyoxyalkylenated chain.
- a second type of polyoxyalkylene derivative (i) consists of at least one G 2 group as defined above, each amino radical of said group G being attached to a polyoxyalkylene chain.
- the two amino radicals of the same G 2 group can be attached to the same polyoxyalkylenated chain or to two distinct polyoxyalkylenated chains.
- each NH radical of said G 2 groups can either cap the end of a polyoxyalkylenated chain, or be connected to an internal motif of a polyoxyalkylenated chain so as not to cap the end of a polyoxyalkylenated chain.
- the NH radicals of the groups G1 and / or G2 above which are linked to the end of a polyoxyalkylenated chain are attached to said polyoxyalkylenated chain via a chain bridging formula:
- C is linked to -NH- and D is linked to the oxygen atom at the end of the polyoxyalkylenated chain, and where - C represents a bond, the group -CO-; or -CO-NH-;
- - alk represents a bond, an alkylene group or a group -CH (L) - where L is the side chain of an ⁇ -amino acid to which is optionally grafted a polyoxyalkylenated chain;
- - D represents the group -CO-; -NH-CO-; or the group -CH (OH) -CH 2 -.
- said bridging chain -C-alk-D- is chosen from:
- L is the side chain of a natural or synthetic ⁇ -amino acid to which a polyoxyalkylenated chain is optionally grafted.
- alkylene denotes a linear or branched aliphatic divalent hydrocarbon group, preferably having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, better still from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more advantageously still from 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- ⁇ -amino acid is meant according to the invention, any natural ⁇ -amino acid or any analog or synthetic derivative that can be envisaged.
- the letter ⁇ indicates that the amino function and the carboxylic acid function of the ⁇ -amino acid are attached to the same carbon atom which further carries a hydrogen atom and a side chain L.
- the side chains of natural ⁇ -amino acids are well known.
- the side chain can represent a hydrogen atom (as in the case of glycine); an alkyl group (as in the case of alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and praline); an alkyl group substituted by hydroxy, by alkythio, by thiol, by carboxy, by amino, by aminocarbonyl and / or by guanidino (as in the case of threonine, serine, methionine, cysteine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, arginine and lysine); an arylalkyl group optionally substituted for example by hydroxy (as in the case of tyrosine and phenylalanine); or a heteroarylalkyl group (as in the case of tryptophan and histidine).
- L represents the side chain of an ⁇ -amino acid, or alternatively the side chain of a basic ⁇ -amino acid having a terminal amino group substituted by -CO-O- POA, POA representing a polyoxyalkylenated chain.
- Particularly advantageous side chains are the side chains H (glycine), - (CH 2 ) 3 -OH (norleucine) and - (CH 2 ) -NH-CO-O-POA where POA is a polyoxyalkylenated chain.
- the groups G1 and / or G2 are attached to the polyoxyalkylenated chain without covering the ends of the said chain.
- the groups Gi and / or G2 are linked to an internal motif of the polyoxyalkylenated chain.
- the radicals -NH- of groups G1 and G 2 are linked to said polyoxyalkylenated chain by a bridging chain of formula -alk-CO- where alk represents an alkylene chain as defined above, CO is linked to NH and alk is directly attached to the polyoxyalkylene chain.
- the side chain has the formula
- the polyoxyalkylene derivative (i) comprises less than 20 G1 and / or G2 groups, preferably less than 15, better still less than 10.
- a first preferred subgroup of polyoxyalkylene derivatives (i) consists of polyoxyalkylene derivatives comprising a single group G1 or a single group G2. For these derivatives (i), it is preferred that the groups G1 or G2 are attached at the end of the polyoxyalkylenated chain.
- polyoxyalkylene derivatives consist of polyoxyalkylene derivatives (i) comprising from 2 to 20 groups G1 and / or G2, preferably from 3 to 15, better still from 4 to 10.
- the groups G1 or G2 do not cover the ends of the polyoxyalkylenated chains but are attached to internal units of said polyoxyalkylenated chains.
- this latter type of derivative (i) comprises exclusively G1 groups.
- the ends of the polyoxyalkylenated chains not carrying a G1 or G2 group are preferably capped by hydroxy or alkoxy groups.
- the derivative (i) comprises a single group Gi
- the latter is preferably linked to a linear polyoxyalkylenated chain having a number of "alkylene oxide" units of at least 20, preferably included between 20 and 150, better still between 50 and 120.
- the molar mass of the derivative (i) preferably varies between 1000 and 9000.
- the molar mass of the derivative (i) preferably varies between 3000 and 7000.
- the derivative (i) comprises a single group G 2
- this is preferably linked to two linear polyoxyalkylenated chains ⁇ by each of its groups -NH, each linear polyoxyalkylenated chain having a number of "alkylene oxide" units d '' at least 10, preferably between 10 and 150, better still between 50 and 120.
- the molar mass preferably varies between 2000 and 15000
- the molar mass preferably varies between 5000 and 12000.
- - n which is an average value, varies between 5 and 150, preferably between 15 and 150, better still between 50 and 120;
- - R 3 represents H or alkyl
- - W represents -O-C-alk-D, where C, alk and D are as defined above.
- n is defined so as to ensure the water-solubility of the corresponding compound II.
- water-soluble means a molecule which has a greater solubility in water than in octanol-1 as described in "Principles and Practices of solvent extraction", J. Rydberg, C diffas and GR Choppin, 1992, M. Dekker editions, chapter II, page 66.
- n is at least 10.
- n is between 10 and 150, better still between 50 and 120.
- the molar mass of compound II varies between 2000 and 15000, better still between 5000 and 12000.
- POA represents the monovalent group of formula:
- R * ⁇ , R 2 , n and R 3 are as defined above.
- R 3 H or -OCH 3 are preferred.
- the compound ⁇ is a compound of formula:
- the compounds of formula I can be prepared by implementing the following process, which comprises the steps consisting in: i) carrying out the bromination of a diol of formula XXXIV:
- A is as defined above; ii) esterifying the compound of formula XXXV obtained in the previous step by the action of a sulfonic acid or of an activated form thereof so as to obtain the corresponding disulfonate; iii) substituting the two bromine atoms for cyano groups by reacting the disulfonate obtained in the previous step with an appropriate nucleophilic agent so as to obtain the corresponding nitrile; iv) coupling of a phosphine of formula XXXVI:
- step (i) the phenyl nucleus, respectively naphthyl, of the diol of formula II, is brominated by the action of an appropriate brominating agent.
- A is a phenyl ring which is unsubstituted or bearing in the meta position relative to the OH group a substituent, such as (C ⁇ -C 6 ) alkyl or (Cr C ⁇ jalcoxy, the corresponding diol of formula XXXIVa:
- Si and S 2 are as defined for S above or independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group, preferably in C ⁇ -C 6 , leads to the corresponding brominated compound of formula XXXVa:
- the hydroxyl groups present on the naphthyl and phenyl nuclei direct the electrophilic reaction so that the position of the bromine atoms on these nuclei is well determined.
- the bromination reaction of phenyl or naphthyl rings is an electrophilic reaction which is easily carried out by the action of Br on the corresponding diol.
- This reaction can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst such as a Lewis acid and in particular iron chloride.
- a catalyst such as a Lewis acid and in particular iron chloride.
- the diols of formula XXXIV are so reactive that it is desirable to carry out the bromination at low temperature, for example between -78 ° and -30 ° C, preferably between -78 ° C and -50 ° C.
- the bromination takes place in an inert aprotic solvent such as a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon (for example chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene); a nitrated aromatic hydrocarbon such as nitrobenzene; an optionally halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon such as hexane, heptane, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride or dichloroethane; or an alicyclic hydrocarbon.
- a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon for example chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene
- a nitrated aromatic hydrocarbon such as nitrobenzene
- an optionally halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon such as hexane, heptane, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride or dichloroethane
- an alicyclic hydrocarbon such as a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon (for example chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene); a nitrated aromatic hydro
- aromatic hydrocarbons having aromatic nuclei depleted in electrons that is to say carrying one or more electron-withdrawing substituents, can be used.
- halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and in particular methylene chloride.
- the molar ratio of the brominating agent to the diol XXXIV varies between 2 and 5, better still between 2 and 3.
- the concentration of reagents can vary widely between 0.01 and 10 mol / l, for example between 0.05 and 1 mol / l.
- the hydroxyl functions of the diol XXXV are esterified by the action of a sulfonic acid or of an activated form thereof, so as to obtain the corresponding disulfonate.
- the nature of the sulfonic acid used is not decisive in itself.
- the sulfonic acid has the formula: P-SO 2 -OH where P represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group; an aromatic carbocyclic group; or an aliphatic group substituted by an aromatic carbocyclic group.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon group is understood to mean in particular an alkyl group as defined above, optionally substituted.
- the nature of the substituent is such that it does not react under the conditions of the esterification reaction.
- a preferred example of an alkyl group substituent is a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
- aromatic carbocyclic group is meant the mono- or polycyclic aromatic groups and in particular the mono-, bi- or tricyclic groups defined above and for example, phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl or phenanthryl.
- the aromatic carbocyclic group is optionally substituted.
- the nature of the substituent is not critical since it does not react under the conditions of esterification.
- the substituent is optionally halogenated alkyl, alkyl being as defined above and halogen representing chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine and, preferably chlorine.
- optionally halogenated alkyl denotes perfluorinated alkyl such as trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl.
- the sulfonic acid has the formula:
- P-SO2-OH where P represents (C 6 -C ⁇ 0 ) aryl optionally substituted by one or more (C ⁇ -C 6 ) optionally halogenated alkyl; (C ⁇ -C- 6 ) optionally halogenated alkyl; or (C 6 -C ⁇ 0 ) aryl- (C ⁇ -C 6 ) alkyl in which the aryl group is optionally substituted by one or more (Ci-C ⁇ jalkyle optionally halogen and the alkyl group is optionally halogen.
- Suitable examples of such sulfonic acids are paratoluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, the latter being more particularly preferred.
- an activated derivative of sulfonic acid is used.
- activated derivative is meant a sulfonic acid in which the acid function -SO 3 H is activated, for example by the formation of an anhydride bond or of the group -SO 3 CI.
- a particularly advantageous sulfonic acid derivative is the symmetrical anhydride of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, of formula (CF 3 - SO 2 ) 2 0.
- the disulfonate obtained at the end of step ii) corresponds to the formula XXXVII:
- a and P are as defined above.
- the conditions for the esterification reaction will be easily developed by a person skilled in the art. These depend in particular on the nature of the esterification agent.
- the esterifying agent is a sulfonic acid
- a higher reaction temperature between 20 and 100 ° C
- an activated form of this acid such as an anhydride or sulfonyl chloride
- a lower temperature may be suitable.
- the esterification is preferably carried out in a solvent.
- Suitable solvents are in particular aliphatic, aromatic or cyclic hydrocarbons, optionally halogenated, such as those defined above. above. Mention may be made of carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane. Dichloromethane is particularly preferred.
- the ethers can also be used as a solvent. Examples include C dialkyl ethers
- C- 6 diethyl ether and diisopropyl ether
- cyclic ethers tetrahydrofuran and dioxane
- dimethoxyethane dimethoxyethane and dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol.
- esterifying agent is an activated form of a sulfonic acid
- Basic examples are N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N-methylpiperidine, pyridine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 4- (1- pyrrolidinyl) pyridine, picoline, 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) pyridine, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylpyridine, quinoline, N, N-dimethylaniline and N, N-diethylaniline.
- the reaction can also be carried out in a two-phase mixture of water and an organic solvent such as a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon
- an esterifying agent in the form of anhydride and to operate in the presence of a water-soluble base such as KOH, NaOH or K 2 CO 3 , preferably KOH.
- the reaction of the sulfonic acid or its activated derivative on the brominated diol XXXV is stoichiometric. Nevertheless, it is preferable to operate in the presence of an excess of the acid or of its activated form. Thus, a ratio of the acid optionally in activated form, to the diol XXXV of between 2 and 5, better still between 2 and 3, is it recommended.
- the concentration of the reactants which is not a critical parameter according to the invention, may vary between 0.1 and 10 mol / l, advantageously between 1 and 5 mol / l.
- concentration of the reactants may vary between 0.1 and 10 mol / l, advantageously between 1 and 5 mol / l.
- the next step (iii) is a nucleophilic substitution.
- the two bromine atoms carried by the A nuclei are displaced by cyano groups by the action of an appropriate nucleophilic agent.
- the nucleophilic agent used is copper cyanide.
- the molar ratio of copper cyanide to disulfonate is preferably greater than 2, it can advantageously vary between 2 and 4, preferably between 2 and 3.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent.
- solvents that may be mentioned include amides such as formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and hexamethylphosphorylamide. Dimethylformamide is much preferred. Pyridine is also a suitable solvent.
- the reaction temperature is advantageously maintained between 50 and 200 ° C, for example between 70 and 190 ° C, better still between 80 and 180 ° C.
- a more particularly suitable temperature is between 100 and 190 ° C.
- the concentration of reagents in the reaction medium generally varies between 0.1 and 10 mol / l, for example between 2 and 7 mol / l.
- the isolation of the nitrile involves the decomposition of the intermediate complex formed and the trapping of the excess cyanide.
- the hydrolysis of the intermediate complex can be carried out either by the action of hydrated iron chloride, or by the action of aqueous ethylenediamine.
- reaction medium is poured into an aqueous solution of iron chloride at 50-80% (g / ml) containing concentrated hydrochloric acid.
- the resulting solution is heated to 40-80 ° C until complete decomposition of the complex.
- the medium is decanted and extracted in a conventional manner.
- reaction medium is poured into an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine (ethylenediamine / water: 1/5 - 1/1 (v / v), for example 1/3) then the whole is stirred vigorously. The medium is then decanted and extracted in a manner known per se.
- ethylenediamine ethylenediamine / water: 1/5 - 1/1 (v / v), for example 1/3
- XPAnAr 2 XXXVI in which X is a halogen or hydrogen atom and An, Ar 2 are as defined above with the nitrile obtained in the preceding step, in the presence of a metal-based catalyst of transition.
- Suitable catalysts for carrying out this step are catalysts based on nickel, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, platinum or a mixture of these metals.
- the preferred catalysts are nickel-based catalysts such as those selected from NiCI 2 ; NiBr 2 ; NiCI 2 (dppp); NiCI 2 (dppb); NiCI 2 (dppf); NiCI 2
- dppe means (diphenylphosphino) ethane
- dppp means (diphenylphosphino) propane
- dppb means (diphenylphosphino) butane
- dppf means (diphenylphosphino) ferrocenyl
- NiCI 2 (dppe) is preferred.
- the reaction is generally carried out at a temperature of 50 to 200 ° C, preferably from 80 to 130 ° C.
- the molar ratio of compound XXXVI to nitrile is at least 2. It generally varies between 2 and 4, for example between 2 and 3.
- the amount of catalyst is preferably such that the molar ratio of nitrile to catalyst varies between 5 and 100, in particular between 5 and 80.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in a polar aprotic solvent and in particular an amide such as those mentioned above . Again, N, N-dimethylformamide is preferred.
- Other types of polar solvents can nevertheless be used such as (CrC 6 ) alkanols (ethanol), aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene and benzene), ethers (dioxane) and acetonitrile.
- the precise reaction conditions depend on the nature of the compound of formula XXXVI involved in the reaction.
- Particularly suitable bases are pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 2,6-di-tertbutylpyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] - undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) and 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO or triethylenediamine).
- DABCO will be used as a base.
- the molar ratio of the nitrile to the catalyst is between 5 and 20, for example between 7 and 15.
- the amount of zinc is preferably such that the molar ratio of zinc to halPAnAr 2 varies between 1 and 2, preferably between 1, 2 and 1, 7.
- reaction mixture containing the solvent, the nitrile and the compound XXXVI it is desirable to cool the reaction mixture containing the solvent, the nitrile and the compound XXXVI to a temperature between -10 and 20 ° C throughout the addition of zinc to the reaction medium. Then, the reaction takes place by heating to an appropriate temperature between 50 and 200 ° C.
- the molar ratio of the nitrile to the catalyst is between 40 and 80, for example between 50 and 70.
- step (iv) When A represents phenyl optionally substituted preferably with (C ⁇ -C 6 ) alkyl or (C ⁇ -C 6 ) alkoxy, the compound obtained at the end of step (iv) has the formula XXXIXa:
- step (iv) When A represents naphthyl, the compound obtained at the end of step (iv) has the formula XXXIXb:
- step v a suitable reducing agent is lithium aluminum hydride (AILiH 4 ).
- AILiH 4 lithium aluminum hydride
- the use of another type of reducing agent is not excluded.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent or a mixture of solvents.
- the solvent advantageously comprises one or more aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene and xylene) in admixture with one or more ethers.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene
- ether mention may be made of C -C ⁇ alkyl ethers (diethyl ether and diisopropyl ether), cyclic ethers (dioxane, tetrahydrofuran), dimethoxyethane and dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol. Cyclic ethers of the tetrahydrofuran type are preferred.
- the reducing agent is AILiH 4
- the reduction may be carried out at a temperature between
- the molar ratio of the reducing agent to the compound of formula I generally varies between 1 and 30, for example between 2 and 20, in particular between 5 and 18.
- the concentration of reagents in the medium is variable; it can be maintained between 0.005 and 1 mol / l.
- a linear polyoxyalkylene having a reactive end (the other end being optionally protected by an appropriate protective group) is reacted with a molecule capable of reacting with said reactive end and, moreover, carrying a latent function capable of reacting, optionally after appropriate activation, with an amino group; then, if necessary, after activation of said latent function, the compound obtained is reacted with a compound of formula I as defined above.
- latent function is meant a function capable of reacting with an amino group or else a function which can easily be transformed into a reactive function so as to react it with an amino group.
- the reactive function comprises a free -COOH or activated carboxylic group of formula -CO-T where T is an activating group.
- activating groups are well known in the art, such as, for example, halogen (chlorine or bromine), azide, imidazolide, p-nitrophenoxy, 1 -benzotriazole, ON-succinimide, acyloxy and, more particularly, pivaloyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy such as, for example, C 2 H 5 OCO-0-, dialkyl- or dicycloalkyl-O-ureide.
- the latent function comprises a free carboxy function
- an activating agent such as for example dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or O- tetrafluoroborate [(cyano (ethoxycarbonyl) methylene) amino] -1, 1, 3,3-tetramethyIuronium (TOTU).
- DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- TOTU O- tetrafluoroborate [(cyano (ethoxycarbonyl) methylene) amino] -1, 1, 3,3-tetramethyIuronium
- POA-Fo the intermediate compound carrying the reactive function capable of reacting with the amino group.
- POA denotes a polyoxyalkylene and Fo a function capable of reacting with an amino group.
- -Nsu denotes the group
- POA a polyoxyalkylene group of formula R 3 -rO - alk 0 j - where R 3 and n are as defined above and alk 0 represents alkylene, linear or branched, preferably in C2-C 10 , better still in C 2 - C 6 , for example C 2 -C 3 .
- This method illustrates the preparation of a compound of formula III.
- a linear polyoxyalkylene carrying a leaving group X is reacted at one of its ends (and for example a halogen atom, an optionally substituted arylsulfonyloxy function, such as tosyloxy, or an optionally substituted alkylsulfonyloxy function such than mesyloxy) with an azide ion (for example from an alkali metal azide).
- an azide ion for example from an alkali metal azide.
- the resulting azide is reduced either by catalytic hydrogenation or by the action of a hydride such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride so as to lead to the amino derivative XIII.
- the intermediate compound of formula XI can be transformed into amino derivative XIII by synthesis of Gabriel.
- the compound of formula XI is treated with an alkali metal phthalimide or an alkali metal succinimide and then the resulting compound is hydrolyzed, for example by the action of a base such as a hydroxide.
- Gabriel's synthesis is notably described in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7, 919-930 (1968).
- the next step is to react the resulting amino derivative, of formula XIII, with phosgene.
- This last step involves a conventional reaction for the preparation of isocyanate.
- the skilled person can refer to Chem. Soc. Rev. 3, 209-230 (1974).
- XV having a free -OH end (and the other end of which is optionally protected by an appropriate protective group) in acid chloride of formula XVI.
- This transformation can be carried out simply by implementing the following reaction sequence: - The terminal hydroxy function of compound XV is transformed into a leaving group, for example into a halogen atom, into an optionally substituted arylsulfonyloxy function (tosyloxy) or into an optionally substituted alkylsulfonyloxy function (mesyloxy); - The resulting compound is reacted with a cyanide ion (for example from an alkali metal cyanide) under the conventional conditions recommended in the art for the preparation of nitriles;
- a cyanide ion for example from an alkali metal cyanide
- the carboxylic acid is then converted in a conventional manner into the corresponding acid chloride (for example by action of SOCI 2 ).
- the next step consists in reacting the carboxylic acid obtained of formula XVI with an azide such as an alkali metal azide.
- an azide such as an alkali metal azide.
- the pyrolysis of the resulting acylazide, of formula XVII leads to the corresponding isocyanate by Curtius rearrangement under the usual conditions prescribed in the literature.
- This method illustrates the preparation of a compound of formula IV.
- NSu denotes the N-succinimidyl group
- POA denotes a polyoxyalkylene as defined above.
- a first step the terminal hydroxy group of a polyoxyalkylene (the other end of which is optionally protected by an appropriate protective group) is reacted with succinic anhydride, and the resulting compound of formula XIX is isolated.
- This reaction is carried out under the conventional conditions of organic chemistry.
- the desired compound of formula IV is obtained by reaction of acid XIX with N-hydroxysuccinimide, if appropriate after activation of the carboxylic acid function.
- Activation of the carboxylic function can for example be obtained in the presence of carbodiimides such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimides and diisopropylcarbodiimides.
- N-hydroxysuccinimide on the acid chloride of formula XVI leads to the desired compound V.
- This reaction uses the usual conditions known to those skilled in the art.
- a base preferably an organic base.
- Suitable bases are, for example, N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N-methylpiperidine, pyridine, 4- (1-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine, picoline, 4- ( N, N-dimethylamino) pyridine, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylpyridine, quinoline, N, N-dimethylamine, N, N-diethylaniline, 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0 ] -undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) and 1,4-diazabicyclo
- pyridine or triethylamine are used.
- Diagram 5 illustrates a typical variant of synthesis.
- PEG is as defined above, AA denotes an ⁇ -amino acid of formula H 2 N-CH (L) -COOH and -NSu denotes the group N-succinimidyl.
- phosgene is reacted with the terminal hydroxy function of a polyethylene glycol, the other end of which is optionally protected by an appropriate protective group. This reaction leads, under conventional conditions, to compound XX.
- the carboxylic acid chloride XX is reacted with an ⁇ -amino acid in which, where appropriate, the reactive functions other than the amino function have been protected.
- the resulting compound XXI is then esterified by the action of N-hydroxysuccinimide, optionally in the presence of an appropriate activator such as. carbodiimide.
- an appropriate activator such as. carbodiimide.
- carbodiimides are dicyclohexylcarbodiimides and diisopropylcarbodiimides. The protective functions are eliminated before or after reaction with the
- the base is preferably an organic base as defined above in method D, more particularly pyridine or triethylamine.
- Diagram 7 NSu and PEG are as defined above.
- the terminal -CH 2 -OH function of a polyethylene glycol the other end of which is optionally protected is first of all oxidized in a conventional manner to the carboxy function.
- Figure 8 reports a simple synthetic variant.
- a linear polyoxyalkylene carrying a leaving group X is reacted at one of its ends (such as a halogen atom, an optionally substituted arylsulfonyloxy group - tosyloxy - or optionally substituted alkylsulfonyloxy - mesyloxy) and whose the other end is optionally protected by a protective group with allyl alcohol under the usual conditions of nucleophilic substitution.
- the resulting compound is epoxidized for example by the action of a peracid such as metachloroperbenzoic acid, perbenzoic acid or peracetic acid.
- Suitable protecting groups are the alkoxy groups (and in particular methoxy or ethoxy).
- the operating conditions for this latter reaction depend on the type of POA-Fo compound.
- the reaction can be carried out without solvent or in the presence of a solvent. In this case, a polar aprotic solvent is preferred.
- a suitable solvent is an aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon (such as dichloromethane or trichlorethylene) or a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon (such as benzene or halogenated toluene).
- aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloromethane or trichlorethylene
- a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene or halogenated toluene
- the reaction temperature depends on the reactivity of the Fo function. It generally varies between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the reaction medium.
- (i) comprises a group Gi
- less than one molar equivalent of the POA-Fo compound will preferably be used.
- (i) comprises a group G 2
- at least two molar equivalents of the compound POA-Fo will preferably be used.
- the polyoxyalkylene derivatives (i) in which the NH groups of the Gi and / or G2 groups are linked to an internal motif of the polyoxyalkylene chain via a bridging chain can be prepared by using a method analogous to method J proposed below, which more precisely illustrates the case of a bridging chain of formula -alk-CO-, where -CO- is linked to the NH function of groups G1 and / or G 2 and alk is directly linked to the polyoxyalkylenated chain. It should be understood that alk is as defined above.
- R ' represents -CH 2 -CH 2 -C0 2 -
- the anion XXIV is prepared simply by reacting the terminal hydroxy function of a polyoxyalkylene, the other end of which is optionally protected by an appropriate protective group with a base.
- suitable organic bases are N-methylmorpholine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N-methylpiperidine, pyridine, 4- (1- pyrrolidinyl) pyridine, picoline, 4- (N , N-dimethylamino) pyridine, 2,6-di-f-butyl-4-methylpyridine, quinoline, N, N-dimethylaniline and N, N-diethylaniline.
- Suitable inorganic bases are NaOH, KOH, NaHC0 3 , Na 2 C0 3 , KHC0 3 , K 2 C0 3 and NaH.
- the resulting anion then reacts on the epoxy XXV, causing the opening of the epoxide and the formation of the alcohol XXVI.
- the latter is again subjected to the action of a base and the alcoholate obtained is again reacted with the epoxide XXV.
- the water-soluble compounds of the invention can be used as ligands in the preparation of water-soluble metal complexes suitable for the asymmetric catalysis of hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration of unsaturated compounds, epoxidation of allyl alcohols, vicinal hydroxylation, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, cyclopropanation, isomerization of olefins, polymerization of propylene, addition of organometallic compounds to aldehydes, allyl alkylation, aldol-type reactions, Diels-Alder and, in general, CC bond formation reactions (such as allylic substitutions or Grignard cross-couplings).
- the complexes which can be used in this type of reaction are complexes of rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, iridium, cobalt, nickel or rhenium, preferably complexes of rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, palladium and platinum. Even more advantageously, rhodium, ruthenium or iridium complexes are used.
- the invention relates to the complexes of water-soluble ligands of formula ⁇ .
- Preferred complexes are those of rhodium, ruthenium or iridium.
- P represents a ligand according to the invention.
- a preferred group of rhodium and iridium complexes is defined by the formula:
- P represents a ligand according to the invention
- Y ⁇ represents an coordinating anionic ligand
- Me represents iridium or rhodium
- Lig represents a neutral ligand.
- Lig represents an olefin having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms
- - Y represents an anion PF 6 " , PCI 6 " , BF 4 " , BCI 4 “ , SbF 6 “ , SbCI 6 “ , BPh 4 ⁇ , B (C 6 F 5 ) 4 " , CI0 " , CN “ , CF 3 SO 3 " , halogen, preferably CI " or Br " , a 1, 3-diketonate, alkylcarboxylate, haloalkylcarboxylate anion with a lower alkyl radical (preferably Ci-Ce), a phenylcarboxylate or phenolate anion including the benzenic ring may be substituted by lower alkyl radicals (preferably C ⁇ -C 6 ) and / or halogen atoms, are particularly preferred.
- Lig 2 can represent two Lig ligands as defined above or a bidental ligand such as bidental ligand, linear or cyclic, polyunsaturated and comprising at least two unsaturations. It is preferred according to the invention that Lig 2 represents 1,5-cyclooctadiene, norbomadiene or that Lig represents ethylene.
- lower alkyl radicals is generally meant a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Other iridium complexes are those of formula:
- - P represents a ligand according to the invention
- - m is a non-zero integer greater than 1; it being understood that when m is 1, then Y
- m 1, the complex XXXII is a monomer.
- ruthenium complexes are those corresponding to the following formula XXXIII: [RuY, 3 arPY
- - P represents a ligand according to the invention
- - Ar represents benzene, p-methylisopropylbenzene or hexamethylbenzene;
- 3 represents a halogen atom, preferably chlorine or bromine;
- Y ⁇ 4 represents an anion, preferably an anion PF 6 " , PCI 6 “ , BF 4 “ , BCI 4 “ , B (C 6 F 5 ) 4 -, SbF 6 “ , SbCI 6 “ , BPh 4 “ , CI0 4 “ , CF3SO3 “ . It is also possible to use in the process of the invention complexes based on palladium and platinum.
- Pd (hal) 2 P and Pt (hal) 2 P where P represents a ligand according to the invention and hal represents halogen such as, for example, chlorine.
- the complexes comprising a ligand according to the invention and the transition metal can be prepared according to the known methods described in the literature.
- the complexes are generally prepared from a precatalyst, the nature of which varies according to the transition metal selected.
- the precatalyst is for example one of the following compounds: [Rh '(CO) 2 CI] 2 ; [Rh '(COD) CI] 2 where COD denotes cyclooctadiene; or Rh '(acac) (CO) 2 where acac denotes acetylacetonate.
- particularly suitable precatalysts are bis- (2-methylallyl) -cycloocta-1, 5-diene ruthenium and [RuCI 2 (benzene)] 2 .
- Ru (COD) ⁇ 3 - (CH2) 2CHCHs
- a solution or suspension is prepared containing the metal precatalyst, a ligand and a perfectly degassed solvent such as acetone (the ligand concentration of the solution or suspension varying between 0.001 and 1 mol / l), to which a methanolic solution of hydrobromic acid is added.
- the ratio of ruthenium to bromine advantageously varies between 1: 1 and 1: 4, preferably between 1: 2 and 1: 3.
- the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 1. It can be between 0.8 and 1.2.
- complexes of rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, iridium, cobalt, nickel or rhenium and more generally complexes of transition metals can be prepared.
- the complex is prepared by mixing the precatalyst, the ligand and an organic solvent and the reaction medium is maintained at a temperature between 15 and 150 ° C for 1 minute at 24 hours, preferably 30 to 120 ° C for 10 minutes to 5 hours.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene
- amides such as formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone or hexamethylphosphorylamide
- alcohols such as ethanol, methanol, n-propanol and isopropanol
- the solvent is an amide, in particular dimethylformamide
- the mixture of the ligand, the precatalyst and the solvent is heated to between 80 and 120 ° C.
- the reaction medium is heated to a temperature between 30 and 70 ° C.
- the catalyst is then recovered according to conventional techniques
- reaction to be catalyzed by the complex thus prepared can be carried out without intermediate isolation of the catalyst complex.
- the hydrogenation is for example carried out at a pressure varying between 1, 5 and 100 bar, and at a temperature between 20 ° C and 100 ° C.
- the exact conditions of implementation depend on the nature of the substrate to be hydrogenated. However, in the general case, a pressure of 20 to 80 bars, preferably 30 to 50 bars, and a temperature of 30 to 70 ° C, are particularly suitable.
- the complexes of the invention being water-soluble, the hydrogenation reaction is carried out either in aqueous or hydroorganic monophasic medium, or in hydroorganic biphasic medium.
- the hydrogenation reaction is carried out in a single-phase medium.
- Suitable water-miscible organic solvents are dimethylformamide and C 1 -C 4 aliphatic alcohols such as methanol or propanol.
- the hydrogenation reaction is carried out in a two-phase medium.
- the substrate can be dissolved in an organic solvent which is generally an aliphatic, saturated cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon. Examples of suitable solvents are cyclohexane or toluene.
- the ratio of the respective phases in the biphasic medium is arbitrary.
- the ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase is maintained between 0.5: 1 and 5: 1, preferably between 1: 1 and 3: 1.
- the substrate alone constitutes the organic phase.
- the molar ratio of the substrate to the catalyst generally varies from 1/100 to 1/100,000, preferably from 1/20 to 1/2000. This ratio is for example of 1/1000.
- the rhodium complexes prepared from the ligands of the invention are more particularly suitable for the asymmetric catalysis of isomerization reactions of olefins.
- the catalyst When the asymmetric reaction (and for example the hydrogenation reaction) is carried out in a two-phase medium, the catalyst is simply eliminated by separation from the aqueous phase.
- the asymmetric reaction (and for example the hydrogenation reaction) is carried out in an aqueous or hydroorganic single-phase medium, the catalyst is separated from the reaction medium by nanofiltration.
- the nanofiltration technique is more particularly suitable for the case of polymer type catalysts.
- the application of this technique is for example illustrated in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, vol. 8, no.12, 1975-1977, 1997.
- the complex of the invention is used in combination with a water-soluble additive which may be a water-soluble amine, a polyoxyalkylene such as a polyethylene glycol, or one of its corresponding monoalkyl or dialkyl ethers. It is thus possible to improve the enantioselectivity of the catalytic reaction.
- a water-soluble additive which may be a water-soluble amine, a polyoxyalkylene such as a polyethylene glycol, or one of its corresponding monoalkyl or dialkyl ethers.
- the polyoxyalkylene compounds which can be used preferably have at least 20, better still from 20 to 150, for example from 50 to 120 oxyalkylene units.
- the molar mass of the polyoxyalkylene is between 1000 and 9000.
- the molar mass of the polyoxyalkylene is between 3000 and 7000.
- the polyoxyalkylene is a polyethylene glycol.
- micellar systems which are known to positively influence the enantioselectivity of organic reactions due to their ability to promote the formation of micellar systems.
- the suitable substrates are of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid type and / or derivatives of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid. These substrates are described in EP 95943260.0.
- the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid and / or its derivative more particularly corresponds to formula A:
- R3 can be any hydrocarbon or functional group designated by R,
- R-j or R2 represents a hydrogen atom and if R-] is different from
- R2 then R3 is different from a hydrogen atom and different from -COOR4, .
- Rj is identical to R2 and represents any hydrocarbon or functional group designated by R, then R3 is different from -C - (R) 2 and different from -COOR4,
- , R2 and R3 can represent a functional group.
- a first group of preferred substrates is formed by substituted acrylic acids which are precursors of amino acids and / or derivatives.
- substituted acrylic acids is meant all of the compounds whose formula derives from that of acrylic acid by substitution of at most two of the hydrogen atoms carried by the ethylenic carbon atoms by a hydrocarbon group or by a functional group. They can be symbolized by the following chemical formula:
- Rg, R'g, identical or different represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, linear or branched having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or an acyl group preferably having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms , an acetyl or benzoyl group,
- R3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl radical having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic radical having 4 to 7 carbon atoms,
- - R-jo represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a second preferred group of substrates consists of itaconic acid and its derivatives of formula:
- Rj -j, Rj 2 identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl radical having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic radical having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms.
- RJ O, R'10 > identical or different represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a third preferred group of substrates is defined by the formula A3:
- - R " ⁇ o represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group, having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- - Rj 3 represents a phenyl or naphthyl group, optionally carrying one or more substituents.
- substrates by hydrogenation leading to 2- (3-benzoylphenyl) propionic acid (Ketoprofen ®), 2- (4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid (Ibuprofen ®), 2- (5-methoxynaphthylpropionic (Naproxene ® ).
- the appropriate ketone type substrates more preferably correspond to formula B:
- - R5 and RQ represent a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms optionally comprising one or more functional groups, - R5 and RQ can form a ring optionally comprising another heteroatom,
- - Z is or comprises a heteroatom, oxygen or nitrogen or a functional group comprising at least one of these heteroatoms.
- a first preferred group of such ketone substrates has the formula
- R5 is different from RQ, the radicals R5 and RQ represent a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms optionally comprising another ketone and / or acid function, ester, thioacid, thioester;
- R5 and RQ can form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, substituted or not, having from 5 to 6 atoms.
- ketones chosen from:
- Aldehyde / ketone type substrates having a second carbonyl group in position ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ or ⁇ relative to the first carbonyl group are also particularly suitable in the context of the invention.
- diketonic compounds are:
- keto acids or their derivatives and cetothioacids or their derivatives with a functional group (acid, ester, thioacid or thioester) in the ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ or ⁇ position relative to the carbonyl group.
- a functional group as acid, ester, thioacid or thioester
- Examples are: - 2-acetylbenzoic acid,
- the product obtained is generally a derivative of ⁇ -butyrolactone and in the case of a ⁇ -keto acid, it s' is a derivative of valerolactone.
- ketones there may be mentioned, among others, the following cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or polycyclic ketone compounds:
- R represents a phenyl substituted or not by alkyl radicals, alkoxy or a halogen atom; or R represents an alkyl or cycloalkyl group substituted or not substituted by alkyl, alkoxy radicals, or a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, ether or amino group; or R represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, alkoxy or amino group.
- ketones of steroid type for example 3-cholestanone, 5-cholesten-3-one.
- R14, R-15, Ri ⁇ e R ⁇ ⁇ which represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Examples of compounds of formula B2 are: - »N-alkylketoimine, such as: - N-isobutyl-2-iminopropane - N-isobutyl-1-methoxy-2-iminopropane - N-arylalkyl ketoimine, such as:
- the substrate is a ⁇ -ketoester (such as ethyl acetoacetate or methyl 3-oxovalerate), an ⁇ -ketoester (such as methyl benzoyiformate or methyl pyruvate), a ketone (such as acetophenone), or an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenic carboxylic acid (such as itaconic acid).
- a ⁇ -ketoester such as ethyl acetoacetate or methyl 3-oxovalerate
- an ⁇ -ketoester such as methyl benzoyiformate or methyl pyruvate
- a ketone such as acetophenone
- an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenic carboxylic acid such as itaconic acid
- the invention relates to the use of a water-soluble compound of the invention for the preparation of a metal complex of a transition metal intended for asymmetric catalysis, and more particularly of a ruthenium, iridium or rhodium complex.
- the invention also relates to the use of the combination of a water-soluble compound according to the invention, optically active, with a diamine, chiral or not, for the selective reduction of ketones.
- a chiral diamine is used in this association.
- the diamines which can be used for this purpose are the optically active diamines described in WO 97/20789 and the corresponding racemic diamines.
- the diamine is 1, 2-diamino-1, 2-diphenylethane; 1,1-bis (p-methoxyphenyl) -2-methyl-1,2-diaminoethane; 1,1-bis (p-methoxyphenyl) -2-isobutyl-1,2-diaminoethane; or 1, 1-bis (p-methoxyphenyl) -2-isopropyl-1, 2-diaminoethane.
- chiral diamines are more particularly those of formula:
- G 4 is alkyl, for example methyl, isobutyl or isopropyl.
- ketones which can be reduced according to this process are those described above.
- the conditions for implementing the reduction are those generally described above.
- the invention further relates to the use of the combination of a water-soluble, racemic compound according to the invention with a chiral diamine, for the selective reduction of ketones.
- the chiral diamine which can be used is as described in WO 97/20789, the ketones and the operating conditions being as defined above.
- the title compound can be prepared from (R) -6,6 ' ⁇ dibromo-2,2'-dihydroxy-1, 1' -binaphtyle following the procedure described below.
- This compound is prepared by carrying out the successive reactions illustrated in preparations 1 to 6 above but starting from (R) -2,2'-dihydroxy- 1, 1 '-binaphtyle.
- (S) -HydroNAP denotes the polymer obtained from (S) -6,6'-bis (aminomethyl) -2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1, 1 '-binaphthyl and by (R) - HydroNAP the polymer obtained from (R) -6,6'-bis (aminomethyl) -2,2'- bis (diphenylphosphine) -1, 1 '-binaphtyle.
- MALDI-TOF-MS Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption / lonisation Time of Flight / Mass Spectrometry: 6009.5 (monopolyoxyalkylenated); 11557.9 (dipolyoxyalkylene of formula 11).
- the general hydrogenation protocol is as follows.
- the previously degassed water (v1) is added, under argon, to the conical reactor where the catalyst has just been prepared.
- the water-insoluble ethyl acetoacetate (v2, x2 mmol) is then added (ratio: catalyst / substrate of 1/1000).
- the operation of vacuuming and filling the reactor is repeated ⁇ three times.
- the septum is then replaced by a pierced plug and the reactor is placed in an autoclave.
- the autoclave is purged three times under argon then three times under hydrogen before receiving 40 bar of hydrogen pressure.
- the autoclave is placed on a magnetic stirrer heating to a temperature of 50 ° C and stirring is continued overnight.
- the plug is replaced by a septum and then argon is reinjected into this reactor: the reaction mixture is designated solution M in the following.
- solution M (a single phase) is injected into a chromatography column for gas chromatography (Lipodex A 25 mx 0.25 mm). Solution M is extracted twice with 10 ml of pentane. For recycling, the aqueous phase containing the catalyst is reacted with v2 (x2 mmol) of ethyl apetoacetate. In all cases, the hydrogenation of ethyl acetoacetate leads to ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate.
- the previously degassed water (0.5 ml) is added, under argon, to the conical reactor where the catalyst complex of Example 5 has just been prepared. Itaconic acid (24.4 mg, 0.187 mmol) is then added (ratio: catalyst / substrate of 1/1000).
- the operation of vacuuming and filling the argon reactor is repeated three times.
- the septum is then replaced by a pierced plug and the reactor is placed in an autoclave.
- the autoclave is purged three times under argon then three times under hydrogen before receiving 40 bar of hydrogen pressure.
- the autoclave is placed on a magnetic stirrer at a temperature of 10 ° C and stirring is continued overnight.
- the reactor is then recovered, the plug being replaced by a septum, and the argon is reinjected into this reactor.
- the solution is placed in a 50 ml flask, the water is evaporated under vacuum and the solid obtained is dissolved in 20 ml of methanol.
- To this mixture are added 3 mL of thionyl chloride in order to esterify the acid at room temperature. After 2 hours of reaction, the solution is evaporated, the resulting solid is then dissolved in 20 ml of methanol.
- the solution thus obtained is ready to be injected into a chromatography column for gas chromatography for analysis of the activity and of the enantioselectivity of the reaction.
- the reactor is then recovered, the plug being replaced by a septum, and the argon is reinjected into this reactor.
- the organic phase diluted in 10 ml of methanol is injected into a chromatography column for gas chromatography (Lipodex A 25 mx 0.25 mm).
- the operation of vacuuming and filling the argon reactor is repeated three times.
- the septum is then replaced by a pierced plug and the reactor is placed in an autoclave.
- the autoclave is purged three times under argon then three times under hydrogen before receiving 40 bar of hydrogen pressure.
- the autoclave is placed on a magnetic stirrer heating to a temperature of 50 ° C and stirring is continued overnight.
- the reactor is then recovered, the plug being replaced by a septum, and the argon is reinjected into this reactor.
- the organic phase diluted in 15 ml of methanol is injected into a chromatography column for gas chromatography (Lipodex A 25 m x 0.25 mm).
- the methanol degassed beforehand (0.5 ml) is added, under argon, to the conical reactor where the catalyst has just been prepared.
- Acetophenone (0.52 ml, 4.46 mmol), potassium hydroxide and diamine (1 eq) are then added (catalyst / substrate ratio of 1/1000).
- the operation of vacuuming and filling the argon reactor is repeated three times.
- the septum is then replaced by a pierced plug and the reactor is placed in an autoclave.
- the autoclave is purged three times under argon then three times under hydrogen before receiving 40 bar of hydrogen pressure.
- the autoclave is placed on a magnetic stirrer which heats to a temperature of 50 ° C and stirring is maintained. During the night.
- the reactor is then recovered, the plug being replaced by a septum, and the argon is reinjected into this reactor.
- the organic phase diluted in 10 ml of methanol is injected with CPG (Lipodex A 25 mx 0.25 mm).
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/240,572 US20040102649A1 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2001-04-03 | Water soluble chiral diphoshpines |
EP01921464A EP1268496A1 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2001-04-03 | Water soluble chiral diphosphines |
AU2001248453A AU2001248453A1 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2001-04-03 | Water soluble chiral diphosphines |
JP2001572518A JP2003533442A (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2001-04-03 | Water-soluble chiral diphosphines |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0004232A FR2807042B1 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2000-04-03 | WATER-SOLUBLE CHIRAL DIPHOSPHINES USEFUL AS LIGANDS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF WATER-SOLUBLE COMPLEXES FOR ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS |
FR00/04232 | 2000-04-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001074828A1 true WO2001074828A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
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ID=8848806
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/001000 WO2001074828A1 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2001-04-03 | Water soluble chiral diphosphines |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040102649A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1268496A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003533442A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001248453A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2807042B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001074828A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10105104A1 (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-08 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of non-chiral and optically active hydroxyl-containing organic compounds |
FR2853653A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-15 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | New 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diphosphines and 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-di(phosphine oxides) useful for preparing polymers and transition metal complexes for use as hydrogenation catalysts |
FR2853652A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-15 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Chiral binaphthyl diphenyl phosphines and their complexes with transition metals, useful as catalysts for asymmetric reductions |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2849037A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-06-25 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | New 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2'-diphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyl derivatives, useful as ligands in transition metal complex catalysts for asymmetric reactions such as hydrogenation |
JP2008308690A (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-25 | Bio-Cancer Treatment Internatl Ltd | Poly (ethylene glycol) functional derivative and method of producing the same |
US8921486B2 (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2014-12-30 | University Of Kansas | Polymer-supported transition metal catalyst complexes and methods of use |
GB201714130D0 (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2017-10-18 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Process |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1998012202A1 (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-03-26 | Oxford Asymmetry International Plc. | Phosphine ligands |
US5990318A (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-11-23 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Soluble polyester-supported chiral phosphines |
EP1002801A1 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-05-24 | Solvias AG | Chiral diphenyldiphosphines and d-8 metal complexes thereof |
WO2000049028A1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-24 | Rhodia Chimie | Method for preparing chiral diphosphines |
-
2000
- 2000-04-03 FR FR0004232A patent/FR2807042B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-03 JP JP2001572518A patent/JP2003533442A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-03 EP EP01921464A patent/EP1268496A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-03 AU AU2001248453A patent/AU2001248453A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-03 WO PCT/FR2001/001000 patent/WO2001074828A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-03 US US10/240,572 patent/US20040102649A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998012202A1 (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-03-26 | Oxford Asymmetry International Plc. | Phosphine ligands |
US5990318A (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-11-23 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Soluble polyester-supported chiral phosphines |
EP1002801A1 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-05-24 | Solvias AG | Chiral diphenyldiphosphines and d-8 metal complexes thereof |
WO2000049028A1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-24 | Rhodia Chimie | Method for preparing chiral diphosphines |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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BAYSTON D.J. ET AL.: "Preparation and use of a polymer supported BINAP hydrogenation catalyst", JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY., vol. 63, no. 9, - 1 May 1998 (1998-05-01), AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. EASTON., US, pages 3137 - 3140, XP002174471, ISSN: 0022-3263 * |
LAMOUILLE T. ET AL.: "Hydrogenation of ethyl acetoacetate catalyzed by hydrosoluble BINAP derivatives", TETRAHEDRON LETTERS., vol. 42, no. 4, - 22 January 2001 (2001-01-22), ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, AMSTERDAM., NL, pages 663 - 664, XP002174472, ISSN: 0040-4039 * |
TER HALLE R ET AL: "'Diam-BINAP';a highly efficient monomer for the synthesis of heterogeneous enantioselective catalysts", TETRAHEDRON LETTERS,NL,ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, AMSTERDAM, vol. 41, no. 5, January 2000 (2000-01-01), pages 643 - 646, XP004187745, ISSN: 0040-4039 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10105104A1 (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-08-08 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of non-chiral and optically active hydroxyl-containing organic compounds |
US6787676B2 (en) | 2001-02-05 | 2004-09-07 | Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh | Process for the preparation of non-chiral and optically active organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups |
FR2853653A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-15 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | New 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diphosphines and 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-di(phosphine oxides) useful for preparing polymers and transition metal complexes for use as hydrogenation catalysts |
FR2853652A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-15 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Chiral binaphthyl diphenyl phosphines and their complexes with transition metals, useful as catalysts for asymmetric reductions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2003533442A (en) | 2003-11-11 |
EP1268496A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
AU2001248453A1 (en) | 2001-10-15 |
FR2807042A1 (en) | 2001-10-05 |
US20040102649A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
FR2807042B1 (en) | 2002-07-05 |
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