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WO2001071838A2 - Installation combinee pile a combustible et moteur a combustion interne et/ou bruleur - Google Patents

Installation combinee pile a combustible et moteur a combustion interne et/ou bruleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001071838A2
WO2001071838A2 PCT/EP2001/003062 EP0103062W WO0171838A2 WO 2001071838 A2 WO2001071838 A2 WO 2001071838A2 EP 0103062 W EP0103062 W EP 0103062W WO 0171838 A2 WO0171838 A2 WO 0171838A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reformer
fuel cell
hydrogen
fuel
plant according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2001/003062
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2001071838A3 (fr
Inventor
Roland Hamelmann
Original Assignee
Proton Motor Fuel Cell Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Proton Motor Fuel Cell Gmbh filed Critical Proton Motor Fuel Cell Gmbh
Priority to AU2001254694A priority Critical patent/AU2001254694A1/en
Publication of WO2001071838A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001071838A2/fr
Publication of WO2001071838A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001071838A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for the simultaneous generation of electricity and a further form of energy, namely mechanical energy and / or externally usable heat, from one
  • Starting hydrocarbon-based fuel comprising:
  • Can produce separator supplied hydrogen and a supplied oxidizing agent (dl) an internal combustion engine which can be supplied with reduced hydrogen fuel from the separating device and with which mechanical energy can be generated; and or
  • (d2) a burner which can be supplied with hydrogen from the separating device and which can be used to generate externally usable heat. It is known to operate a fuel cell with hydrogen, which has been produced in a reformer from hydrocarbon-based starting fuel. The aim here was to push the reforming as far as possible, ie to obtain as high a proportion of the hydrogen atoms contained in the starting fuel as hydrogen, which can be fed to the fuel cell. This has led to complicated, complex reformers which, moreover, cannot be conveniently controlled to changing operating conditions of the fuel cell (e.g. changing power generation requirements).
  • the system according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that the reformer is deliberately designed for only partially reforming the starting fuel and that after the separation of the
  • Hydrogen remaining fuel reduced in hydrogen atoms is still high in energy and can be usefully burned in the internal combustion engine and / or the burner.
  • the term "externally usable heat” is intended to express that not only heat used internally in the system (especially in the reformer) is generated, but useful heat for purposes external to the system. Specific examples of this will be given later.
  • the system according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that electricity is generated in a fundamentally different way, namely in a fuel cell, and consequently it is possible to generate electricity with significantly better efficiency.
  • the size of the reformer and the construction work required for the reformer depend, of course, on the one hand, on the performance for which the system is designed. On the other hand, it plays a very important role, what share the power generation should have in the total energy output of the plant. The smaller this proportion, the more imperfect and thus smaller and less expensive the reformer can be made.
  • hydrocarbon-based starting fuels which can be used in the invention are mentioned here:
  • Methane natural gas, methanol, gasoline, diesel oil.
  • the system is provided with a design such that additional starting fuel which has not been passed through the reformer can be fed to the internal combustion engine and / or the burner.
  • the additional starting fuel can either be mixed with the hydrogen, reduced from the separator, or it can be mixed with two separate feeds, e.g. B. two
  • Nozzles in the burner to be worked In this way, the entire starting fuel flow does not have to be passed through the reformer, and there is an optimal adaptation of the reformer size to the proportion of electrical energy in the total energy output of the system.
  • the design of the plant will in many cases be such that the fuel, which is reduced in hydrogen atoms and comes from the separating device, is fed continuously to the internal combustion engine and / or the burner via a line.
  • the reformer In principle, all known types are considered for the reformer. Specifically, the construction working with steam reforming, the construction working with catalytic reforming, are preferred Construction working with partial oxidation, and mixed forms of these construction methods.
  • the reformer types working with steam reforming and those with partial oxidation ie blowing air / oxygen into the starting fuel
  • the reforming is usually carried out at an elevated temperature.
  • a first preferred concrete type of the separation device used is the type constructed with a hydrogen selective membrane.
  • Another preferred type of separator is an electrochemical hydrogen pump.
  • This is an electrolysis cell that is operated with electricity and selectively oxidizes or ionizes hydrogen anodically, has a proton-conducting membrane and cathodically reduces protons.
  • the electricity required can, but does not have to, be obtained from the fuel cell.
  • Electrochemical hydrogen pumps are known per se, so that no detailed description is required here.
  • the fuel cell is preferably a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.
  • the fuel cell is preferably designed for air as an oxidizing agent and / or for operation at ambient pressure and / or for cooling by the supplied air.
  • the system according to the invention can be designed in this way (e.g. by the power of the internal combustion engine and / or the burner in relation to the size of the fuel cell, by the size and design hydrogen yield of the reformer, by the choice of the ratio of the Output fuel flows through the reformer and in the bypass past the reformer) that a relatively large proportion of the total energy output of the system is generated by the internal combustion engine and / or the burner.
  • This is preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, even more preferably at least 50%, and even more preferably at least 80%.
  • Heat and / or mechanical energy can be varied in different ways:
  • One possibility is to supply the internal combustion engine and / or the burner with additional starting fuel that has not been passed through the reformer. This increases the proportion of heat / mechanical energy generated.
  • Another possibility is to vary the setting of the reformer and / or the trerm device, and thus the amount of hydrogen that is fed to the fuel cell.
  • the separating device hydrogen is separated from the partially reformed fuel coming from the reformer, which is fed to the fuel cell, while the hydrogen which is reduced Fuel is fed to an internal combustion engine and / or burner.
  • the hydrogen which is reduced Fuel is fed to an internal combustion engine and / or burner.
  • more or less hydrogen can be separated from the reformed fuel in the separation device and thus more or less electricity can be generated in the ratio.
  • the setting of the separating device takes place with a membrane
  • Separation device expediently by enlarging or reducing the membrane area, in the case of an electrochemical hydrogen pump by increasing or reducing the operating current.
  • the starting fuel is reformed to a greater or lesser extent in the reformer. If more fuel cell performance is desired, more fuel can either be fed to the reformer for reforming, or the hydrogen yield during the reforming can be increased by changing the setting of the reformer, or both.
  • the separation performance of a membrane trem device depends on the ratio of material flow / time unit, i.e. the separation performance of the membrane separation device increases with increasing hydrogen partial pressure in the partially reformed fuel coming from the reformer. If the separation device remains the same, an increase in the hydrogen yield in the reformer therefore results in a disproportionate increase in the amount of hydrogen fed to the fuel cell.
  • the hydrogen supply to the fuel cell can be throttled or prevented, for example by a suitable valve in the hydrogen supply line to the fuel cell, which is a has corresponding reduction or complete cessation of 'power generation result.
  • the excess hydrogen can then, for example, be fed into an intermediate store.
  • Possibilities for varying the ratio of electricity generated to externally usable heat and / or mechanical energy are possible, for example a change in the hydrogen yield of the reformer in combination with a change in the setting of the separating device, i.e. a change in the amount of hydrogen separated in the separating device.
  • the system according to the invention can be used particularly cheaply wherever there is a need for both electricity and heat and / or mechanical energy.
  • the second particularly preferred use is the combination of heating with a generator for vehicles, e.g. B. Bus in winter on a parking lot, camper in winter on a stand, caravan in
  • a third particularly preferred use is a motor vehicle, the internal combustion engine being provided as a vehicle drive motor and the current generated in the fuel cell for an additionally provided one
  • the system can be assigned a storage for the electricity generated by the fuel cell, preferably an electrochemical storage (for example of the type known as an "accumulator" with a number of different electrode materials and electrolytes), an electrochemical double-layer storage (this is practically a high-performance capacitor), a capacitive memory, or an inductive memory.
  • an electrochemical storage for example of the type known as an "accumulator” with a number of different electrode materials and electrolytes
  • an electrochemical double-layer storage this is practically a high-performance capacitor
  • a capacitive memory or an inductive memory.
  • the starter generator can be ideally used as a booster engine.
  • the use of the system according to the invention is always particularly advantageous when there is no power network available for the electricity required or when a connection to a power network can be established only with great effort.
  • the following, particularly preferred situations are mentioned for illustration:
  • an internal combustion engine in the presence of an internal combustion engine, its waste heat, in particular in the cooling water and exhaust gas, can be used if necessary, for. B. for heating purposes.
  • internal combustion engine is to be understood comprehensively as “machine for generating mechanical energy from the combustion of fuel”.
  • Preferred types are internal combustion piston engines, Stirling engines, gas turbines.
  • the invention also relates to a method for the combined generation of electricity and a further form of energy, namely mechanical energy and / or externally usable heat, from a hydrocarbon-based starting fuel which has the technical measures disclosed at the outset, optionally one or more of the preferred features disclosed above ,
  • An output fuel stream 2 is first divided into a first stream 2a to a reformer 4 and a second stream 2b directly to an internal combustion engine and / or a burner 6.
  • the distribution ratio of the streams 2a and 2b can vary widely by design, e.g. , B. between 100%: 0%
  • the distribution ratio can be varied in an existing or operated system, for. B. if one has an increased drive power requirement or an increased heat requirement with constant power requirement or if one has a higher power requirement with unchanged drive power requirement or heat requirement (it is understood that in these examples the total fuel supply must be increased).
  • the reformer 4 is a reformer that is deliberately only for a partial
  • Reforming the starting fuel supplied as stream 2a is designed. So it is a reformer that is not aimed at high hydrogen yield.
  • a hydrogen yield below 50% is preferred, more preferably below 20%, even more preferably below 10%, even more preferably below 5%.
  • “Hydrogen yield” here means the proportion of hydrogen atoms or molecules obtained from two hydrogen atoms in relation to all hydrogen atoms involved in the reaction in the reformer, that is to say including the hydrogen atoms from any water supplied.
  • a stream 8 of partially reformed fuel is fed from the reformer 4 to a separation device 10. While streams 2a and 2b are at least liquid streams when working with starting fuel that is liquid at room temperature, stream 8 is often a gas stream.
  • the separating device 10 can be concretely conceived in particular as a membrane separating device (with the membrane selectively allowing practically only hydrogen to pass through, not all other atoms and molecules) or as an electrochemical hydrogen pump.
  • the internal combustion engine 6 or the burner 6 need not have a particularly special design. Combustion engines are available that can be operated with gaseous fuel without any problems, and this applies even more to burners.
  • the hydrogen separated in the separating device 10 is fed as a stream 14 to a fuel cell, preferably polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell 16, as is an air stream 18.
  • a fuel cell preferably polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell 16
  • the discharge of the electrical current generated from the fuel cell 16 is symbolized by an arrow 20.
  • an arrow 22 indicates the release of mechanical energy and / or the release of heat that can be used externally (from the burner, possibly also from the internal combustion engine).
  • an arrow 24 is a
  • An arrow 26 indicates a flow of water formed by "cold combustion" in the fuel cell 16.
  • a preferably electrochemical memory 28 or capacitive memory 28 is shown, which is electrically connected to the fuel cell 16.
  • the output fuel stream 2b is drawn in a broken line to indicate that such a bypass of the reformer 4 and the separating device 10 is preferred, but is not absolutely necessary for carrying out the invention.
  • the output fuel stream 2b can, as shown as a first possibility, the parallel to the stream 12 of fuel reduced in hydrogen atoms
  • an output fuel stream 2b ' is drawn in to indicate that this stream 2b' can alternatively also be mixed with the stream 12 of fuel reduced in hydrogen atoms before the mixed stream
  • Waste heat from the internal combustion engine 6 and / or part of the heat generated in the burner 6 can be used to cover the heat requirement of the reformer 4.
  • connection lines between the components of the system have been described above as fluid flows 2, 2a, 2b, 2b ', 8, 12, 14. These connecting lines can of course also be concretely conceived as lines. It has already been pointed out above that an intermediate tank can also be provided in line 12 and / or in lines 2b, 2b '. The same naturally applies to lines 2 and 2a.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation permettant de produire à la fois du courant et une autre forme d'énergie, à savoir, de l'énergie mécanique et/ou de la chaleur utilisable à l'extérieur, à partir d'une combustible initial (2) à base d'hydrocarbure, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend (a) un reformeur (4) conçu pour un reformage partiel, avec formation d'hydrogène, d'un courant de combustible de départ (2a) alimentant ce reformeur ; (b) un dispositif de séparation (10) en liaison de circulation avec le reformeur (4), au moyen duquel l'hydrogène est séparé du courant de combustible partiellement reformé (8) ; (c) une pile à combustible (16) en liaison de circulation avec le dispositif de séparation, au moyen de laquelle le courant (20) est produit à partir de l'hydrogène (14) amené au dispositif de séparation (10) et d'un agent d'oxydation introduit (18) ; (d1) un moteur à combustion interne (6) auquel est amené le combustible (12) réduit en atomes d'hydrogène, provenant du dispositif de séparation (10); et/ou (d2) un brûleur (6) pouvant être alimenté en combustible (12), réduit en atomes d'hydrogène, provenant du dispositif de séparation (10) et permettant de produire de la chaleur utilisable à l'extérieur.
PCT/EP2001/003062 2000-03-18 2001-03-16 Installation combinee pile a combustible et moteur a combustion interne et/ou bruleur WO2001071838A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001254694A AU2001254694A1 (en) 2000-03-18 2001-03-16 Combination installation comprising a fuel cell and a combustion engine and/or burner

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10013597A DE10013597A1 (de) 2000-03-18 2000-03-18 Kombinationsanlage mit einer Brennstoffzelle und einem Verbrennungsmotor und/oder Brenner
DE10013597.8 2000-03-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001071838A2 true WO2001071838A2 (fr) 2001-09-27
WO2001071838A3 WO2001071838A3 (fr) 2002-05-30

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Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001254694A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10013597A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001071838A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6861169B2 (en) 2001-05-09 2005-03-01 Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. Cogeneration of power and heat by an integrated fuel cell power system
WO2008006334A1 (fr) 2006-07-13 2008-01-17 Enerday Gmbh Système de cellules électrochimiques comportant un reformeur et un brûleur de postcombustion
US7597068B2 (en) * 2006-03-01 2009-10-06 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Internal combustion engine with fuel reforming apparatus
CN107021455A (zh) * 2015-12-22 2017-08-08 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于制造氢气的系统和方法以及燃料电池

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JP4232137B2 (ja) * 2001-05-08 2009-03-04 スズキ株式会社 燃料電池
DE10152809B4 (de) * 2001-10-25 2004-07-22 Daimlerchrysler Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridantriebssystems
DE20205813U1 (de) * 2002-04-12 2003-02-20 Hymer AG, 88339 Bad Waldsee Freizeitfahrzeug mit Bordstromversorgung über Brennstoffzelle
DE10244883B4 (de) * 2002-09-26 2005-02-17 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Heizsystem für ein Fahrzeug
DE102005030474A1 (de) * 2005-06-28 2007-01-04 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Brennstoffzellensystem für ein Fahrzeug
EP1739777B1 (fr) 2005-06-28 2014-01-22 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG. Système de pile à combustible pour véhicules

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6861169B2 (en) 2001-05-09 2005-03-01 Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. Cogeneration of power and heat by an integrated fuel cell power system
US7597068B2 (en) * 2006-03-01 2009-10-06 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Internal combustion engine with fuel reforming apparatus
WO2008006334A1 (fr) 2006-07-13 2008-01-17 Enerday Gmbh Système de cellules électrochimiques comportant un reformeur et un brûleur de postcombustion
CN107021455A (zh) * 2015-12-22 2017-08-08 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于制造氢气的系统和方法以及燃料电池
CN107021455B (zh) * 2015-12-22 2022-04-05 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于制造氢气的系统和方法以及燃料电池

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001254694A1 (en) 2001-10-03
DE10013597A1 (de) 2001-09-27
WO2001071838A3 (fr) 2002-05-30

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