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WO2001055497A1 - Traitement de salissures sur des textiles - Google Patents

Traitement de salissures sur des textiles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001055497A1
WO2001055497A1 PCT/US2001/002654 US0102654W WO0155497A1 WO 2001055497 A1 WO2001055497 A1 WO 2001055497A1 US 0102654 W US0102654 W US 0102654W WO 0155497 A1 WO0155497 A1 WO 0155497A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cleaning
textile
weight
water
cleaning composition
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/002654
Other languages
English (en)
Original Assignee
Custom Cleaner, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE2000104040 external-priority patent/DE10004040A1/de
Application filed by Custom Cleaner, Inc. filed Critical Custom Cleaner, Inc.
Publication of WO2001055497A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001055497A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C11D17/047—Arrangements specially adapted for dry cleaning or laundry dryer related applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
    • C11D17/0017—Multi-phase liquid compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0043—For use with aerosol devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/43—Solvents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a compositions and methods for the treatment and pre-treatment of stains using a sprayable liquid textile cleaning liquid applied via a bottle with a spray system.
  • the invention also entails kits that include these liquid cleaning compositions and other elements.
  • compositions for pre-treating stains before the actual washing process are known from the prior art and as commercially available products. They are mostly marketed in paste form. Liquid detergents or detergent gels which are normally used for washing the hands or for machine washing may also be used for pre-treating stains. Detergents gels in particular can be applied to stains. They are left to act on the stains for a considerable time, after which the textile is washed in a conventional washing process.
  • Stain pre-treatment compositions which are sprayed onto stains are also known from the prior art and contain either relatively large quantities of anionic and, above all, nonionic surfactants, which produce a detergency- boosting effect in the subsequent washing process, and/or active substances which support the removal of bleachable soils in the subsequent washing process.
  • compositions and kits which have a freshening and/or cleaning effect on textiles in a commercially available domestic tumble dryer rather than in a standard washing process have also been available on the market for some time.
  • Corresponding freshening and/or cleaning processes are referred to in the context of the present invention as "dry-cleaning" processes. Dry-cleaning processes are also the subject of numerous patents and patent applications, such as, for example U.S. Patent 5.238,587, U.S. Patent 5,658,651, U.S. Patent 5,746,776, U.S. Patent 5,869,410, U.S. Patent 5,972,041 and U.S. Patent 5,997,586, and International patent applications WO 93/23603, WO 96/39556,
  • the textiles can be pre-treated in a domestically available tumble dryer before the dry-cleaning process is carried out.
  • liquid textile cleaning compositions are applied to stained textiles from a bottle using an aid such as, for example, a sponge or a stamp or, alternatively, the stains are dabbed with an impregnated sheet which, for example, may be of textile material or a even a normal paper towel, for example from a kitchen roll.
  • One of the problems addressed by the present invention is the removal of stains from textiles. This is achieved using a novel combination of a pre- treatment step and a subsequent treatment step.
  • Another aspect of the present invention entails a kit containing constituents which would effectively support the removal of stains, especially in dry-cleaning processes.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a sprayable liquid water-based textile cleaning composition in a bottle with a spray system for pre-treating stains, more particularly in a dry-cleaning process.
  • the sprayable liquid water- based textile cleaning composition contains significant quantities of organic solvents.
  • Anionic and nonionic surfactants are also present, including at least three different surfactants and, more particularly, at least four different surfactants.
  • the present invention relates to a process for cleaning a soiled textile in which the stained/soiled textile is placed with the stained area on an absorbent substrate, a liquid textile cleaning composition is applied to the stained area from a bottle with a spray system and the liquid textile cleaning composition is left for a time sufficient to act on the stained area.
  • the present invention relates to a textile cleaning kit comprising one or more bags and/or one or more flat porous cleaning sheets impregnated with a cleaning liquid or a cleaning gel.
  • the kit additionally contains a sprayable liquid water-based textile cleaning composition in a bottle with a spray system and optionally one or more absorbent substrates for the stain pre-treatment.
  • the invention in another embodiment, relates to a sprayable liquid textile cleaning composition which is applied in particular via a bottle with a spray system.
  • the composition is especially suitable for the pre-treatment of stains or soils on textiles, and preferably for pre-treatment of stains or soils on textiles which are subsequently subjected to a dry-cleaning process.
  • This composition may (but not necessarily) comprise several phases and, more particularly, two phases.
  • stain pre-treatment or soil pre- treatment is understood to be the general treatment of soil particles, unwanted constituents, secondary products and other substances undesirably coming into contact with textiles.
  • the typical consumer expects a stain or soil pre-treatment to rid the textile at least substantially from, for example, dust, dirt, perspiration and unwanted odors present in perspiration and nicotine, mustiness and perfume residues which have collected in the textile, and visible relatively small and relatively large stains.
  • the expression "textiles” encompasses not only clothing and sheeting, but also other articles which, hitherto, would normally have been chemically cleaned, including sheets and covers, curtains, small carpets, upholstery, towels, stuffed animals and the like.
  • any of the hitherto known pre-treatment compositions or textile cleaning compositions used in dry-cleaning processes may be used as the liquid or sprayable textile cleaning composition.
  • Sprayable liquid water-based compositions additionally containing organic solvents are particularly preferred.
  • the water content, based on the composition as a whole, is preferably less than 99% by weight and, in particularly advantageous embodiments, is between 40 and 98% by weight, more particularly between 60 and 95% by weight and advantageously between about 75 and 90% by weight, depending on the content of other constituents.
  • the quantity of organic solvent is of lesser importance and, for example, may be between 2 and 30% by weight and is preferably between 5 and 25% ⁇ by weight and, more preferably, up to 20% by weight. Quantities of organic solvent of 5 to 15% by weight have proved to be particularly advantageous.
  • the organic solvent is preferably both ecologically and toxicologically safe, i.e. non-toxic, and miscible with water.
  • Glycol ethers are preferably used as sole organic solvent or as the principal constituent of a mixture of organic solvents. These materials are lower (alkoxy) or lower (alkoxy) lower (alkoxy) ethers of ethanol or isopropanol. Some glycol ethers are commercially obtainable under the names of Arcosolv® (Arco Chemical Co.) or Cellosolve®, Carbitol® or Propasol®
  • glycol ethers also include, for example, ButylCarbitol®, HexylCarbitol®, MethylCarbitol® and Carbitol® itself, (2- (2-ethoxy)-ethoxy)-ethanol.
  • the glycol ether may readily be selected by the expert on the basis of its volatility, its solubility in water, its percentage by weight in the dispersion as a whole and the like.
  • Pyrrolidone solvents such as N-alkyl pyrrolidones, for example N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-C 8 - ⁇ -alkyl pyrrolidone, or 2-pyrrolidone, may also be used.
  • glycerol derivatives are preferably used as sole solvent or as part of a solvent mixture.
  • Alcohols which may be used as co-solvents for the purposes of the present invention include liquid polyethylene glycols of low molecular weight, for example polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight of 200. 300, 400 or 600.
  • suitable co-solvents are other alcohols, for example (a) lower alcohols, such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and n-butanol, (b) ketones, such as acetone and methylethyl ketone, (c) C - 4 polyols, such as a diol or a triol, for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol or mixtures thereof.
  • diols octane-l,2-diol is particularly preferred.
  • organic solvents suitable in principle are conventional chlorinated solvents of the kind typically used in institutional chemical cleaning. These solvents include inter alia the di- to tetrachlorinated derivatives of methane, the di- to pentachlorinated derivatives of ethane, the mono- to trichlorinated derivatives of cyclohexane and monochlorobenzene.
  • Special examples are carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, 1,1- dichloroethane, 1 ,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2- trichloroethane, trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane, tetrachloroethane, pentachloroethane, monochlorocyclohexane, 1 ,4-dichlorocyclohexane, monochlorobenzene, and mixtures of the above.
  • these chlorinated hydrocarbons are less preferred for use in the home.
  • the sprayable liquid textile cleaning compositions may be single-phase homogeneous compositions or multiphase and, more particularly, two-phase compositions.
  • one phase may have an aqueous base and the other an organic base.
  • the multiphase sprayable liquid textile cleaning compositions are either applied from a multi-compartment bottle with a spray system or, alternatively, are repeatedly shaken before use to form a temporary emulsion.
  • Organic solvents suitable for forming the two phases of the composition are, for example, hydrocarbons and alkyl ethers.
  • Preferred hydrocarbons are in particular those which have a boiling point above 150°C and preferably above 180°C.
  • Particularly preferred multiphase and, more particularly, two-phase sprayable liquid textile cleaning compositions contain paraffins or isoparaffins with a boiling range of 200 to 300°C. Isoparaffms are particularly suitable for use as sole organic solvent in the multiphase sprayable liquid textile cleaning compositions, although it can be of advantage for the composition as a whole to contain not only hydrocarbons as an organic solvent, but also one of the water-miscible organic solvents mentioned above.
  • Suitable alkyl ethers are, in particular, dialkyl ethers, above all C 6 - 8 alkyl ethers and preferably C 8 _ ⁇ alkyl ethers, for example dialkyl ether.
  • the content of organic solvent in the multiphase and, more particularly, two-phase sprayable liquid textile cleaning compositions is preferably from 5 to 30%) by weight and more preferably from 8 to 25% by weight.
  • the compositions advantageously contain 2 to 20% by weight and more particularly 3 to 15% by weight of dialkyl ethers and/or hydrocarbons with high boiling ranges, especially paraffins and isoparaffins with a boiling range above 180°C. If water-miscible and water-immiscible organic solvents are used, the ratio by weight of the water-miscible organic solvents to the water-immiscible organic solvents is preferably 3: 1 to 1 :3 and more preferably 2:1 to 1 :2. Ratios by weight of about 1.5:1 to 1 :1.5 are particularly preferred.
  • BPPs butoxypropoxy propanols
  • emulsifiers would have to be additionally used. For examples of possible emulsifiers. see the disclosure of WO 96/30580.
  • compositions according to the invention and the compositions used in accordance with the invention may contain surfactants selected from anionic, nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic, amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof.
  • the surfactant content of the compositions may vary over a wide range. The surfactants may even be present in relatively small quantities which can still have a soil-dispersing and hence cleaning-boosting effect.
  • the surfactant content of the compositions is, for example, in the range from 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.5 to 10%) by weight and more preferably in the range from 1 to 8%> by weight of anionic and/or nonionic surfactants.
  • Amphoteric surfactants and/or cationic surfactants are preferably used for the purposes of the invention and may additionally act as fabric softeners. Even relatively small quantities of anionic surfactants not only boost the cleaning effect, but they can also be helpful in achieving more rapid distribution of the composition in the dryer.
  • Nonionic surfactants include the condensation products of ethylene oxide with hydrophobic polyoxyalkylene formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.
  • the hydrophobic part of these compounds has a sufficiently high molecular weight to make them insoluble in water.
  • the addition of polyoxyethylene structural units to this hydrophobic part increases the solubility of the molecule as a whole in water and the liquid character of the product is retained to the point where the polyoxyethylene content is about 50% by weight of the total weight of the condensation product.
  • Examples of compounds of this type are certain of the commercially obtainable Pluronic® surfactants (BASF Wyandotte Corp.), more particularly those where the polyoxypropylene ether has a molecular weight of about 1 ,500 to 3,000 and the polyoxyethylene content is about 35 to 55% by weight of the molecule.
  • Pluronic® L-62 A product with such a composition commercially available as Pluronic® L-62.
  • Preferred nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, more particularly primary alcohols preferably containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles ethylene oxide (EO) per mole alcohol, in which the alcohol residue may be linear or preferably 2-methyl- branched or may contain linear and methyl-branched groups in the form of the mixtures typically present in oxoalcohol residues.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, palm kernel, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole alcohol are particularly preferred.
  • Preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C] 2 - ⁇ 4 alcohols containing 3EO or 4EO, C 9 -n alcohols containing 7EO, Cn.1. 5 or C[ 3 .i 5 alcohols containing 3EO, 5EO, 7EO or 8EO, C12-18 alcohols containing 3EO, 5EO. or 7EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C ⁇ 2 .] 4 alcohol containing 3EO and C ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 8 alcohol containing 7EO.
  • the degrees of ethoxylation mentioned are statistical mean values which can be a whole number or a broken number for a particular product.
  • Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NREs).
  • fatty alcohols containing more than 12EO may also be used.
  • examples include (tallow) fatty alcohols containing 14EO, 16EO, 20EO, 25EO, 30EO or 40EO.
  • Examples of compounds of condensation products of C ⁇ - 15 fatty alcohol containing 3 to 15 moles ethylene oxide per mole alcohol are Cn. 13 fatty alcohols containing about 7EO, for example Neodol® 23-6.5 of Shell Chemical Co..
  • Tergitol® 15-S-15 which is formed by condensation of about 15 moles ethylene oxide with a secondary C ⁇ - 15 alcohol
  • Tergitol® TMN-6 the condensation product of about 6 moles ethylene oxide and isolauryl alcohol
  • Incropol® CS-12 a mixture of stearyl and cetyl alcohol condensed with about 12 moles ethylene oxide.
  • Incropol® L-7 lauryl alcohol containing 7EO
  • Tergitol® 15-S-3 the condensation product of about 3 moles ethylene oxide with a mixture of secondary Cn-1 5 alcohols.
  • Other preferred nonionic surfactants are C 8 .
  • fatty acid amides for example the monoamides of a mixture of arachic and behenic acid and the mono- or dialkanolamides of C 8 .
  • 22 fatty acids for example the diethanolamide, monoethanolamide or monoisopropanolamide of coconut, lauric. myristic or stearic acid or mixtures thereof. Examples thereof include the monoethanolamide of stearic acid.
  • nonionic surfactants which may be used are the ethylene oxide esters of C 6 - ⁇ 2 alkyl phenols, such as (nonylphenoxy)polyoxyethylene ethers.
  • the esters obtained by condensation of about 8 to 12 moles ethylene oxide with nonyl phenol are particularly suitable.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants are the ethylene oxide esters of alkyl mercaptans, such as dodecylmercaptan polyoxyethylene thioesters, the ethylene oxide esters of fatty acids, such as the lauric acid ester of polyethylene glycol and the lauric acid ester of methoxy polyethylene glycol, the ethylene oxide esters of fatty acid amides, the condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial fatty acid esters, such as sorbitol, such as the lauric acid ester of sorbitol polyethylene glycol ether, and other similar materials, the ratio of ethylene oxide to the acid, the phenol, the amide or the alcohol being about 5:1 to 50:1.
  • alkyl mercaptans such as dodecylmercaptan polyoxyethylene thioesters
  • the ethylene oxide esters of fatty acids such as the lauric acid ester of polyethylene glycol and the lauric acid ester of methoxy polyethylene glycol
  • alkyl glycosides corresponding to the general formula RO(G) x where R is a primary linear or methyl -branched, more particularly 2- methyl-branched, aliphatic radical containing 8 to 22 and preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G stands for a glycose unit containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose, may be used as further nonionic surfactants.
  • the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is a number of 1 to 10 and preferably a number of 1.2 to 1.4.
  • nonionic surfactants which are used either as sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, particularly together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and/or alkyl glycosides, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, fatty acid alkyl esters preferably containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, more particularly the fatty acid methyl esters which are described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably produced by the process described in International patent application WO-A- 90/13533.
  • C ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 8 fatty acid methyl esters containing on average 3 to 15 EO and more particularly 5 to 12 EO are particularly preferred.
  • Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxyfatty acid amides corresponding to formula (I):
  • R CO is an aliphatic acyl radical containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms
  • R is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms
  • [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
  • the polyhydroxyfatty acid amides are preferably derived from reducing sugars containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, more particularly from glucose.
  • the group of polyhydroxyfatty acidamide s also includes compounds corresponding to formula (II):
  • R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms
  • R 4 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or an aryl group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or an aryl group or a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C M alkyl or phenyl groups being preferred
  • [Z] is a linear polyhydroxyalkyl group, of which the alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated, derivatives of such a group.
  • [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • a sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • the N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds may then be converted into the required polyhydroxyfatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst, for example, in accordance with the teaching of International patent application WO-A-95/07331.
  • Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type (which are also classed as amphoteric surfactants), for example N-cocoalkyl-N,N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N,N-dihydroxyethyl amine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamide type are also suitable.
  • Amine oxides such as these are obtainable, for example, under the name of Schercamox® (Scher Chem. Co.).
  • a suitable surfactant from this series is, for example, Schercamox® DML (lauryl dimethylamine oxide).
  • Other amphoteric surfactants are known to the expert from the prior art.
  • Gemini surfactants are so-called gemini surfactants.
  • Gemini surfactants are generally understood to be compounds which contain two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups per molecule. These groups are generally separated from one another by a so-called Aspacer®. The spacer is generally a carbon chain which should be long enough for the hydrophilic groups to have a sufficient spacing to be able to act independently of one another.
  • Gemini surfactants are generally distinguished by an unusually low critical micelle concentration and by an ability to reduce the surface tension of water to a considerable extent. In exceptional cases, however, gemini surfactants are not only understood to be dimeric surfactants, but also trimeric surfactants.
  • Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C9-13 alkyl benzenesulfonates.
  • olefin sulfonates i.e., mixtures of alkene and hydroxy-alkane sulfonates, and the disulfonates obtained, for example, from C 1 - ⁇ 8 monoolefins with an internal or teminal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products.
  • Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are the alkane sulfonates obtained from C12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
  • the esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut oil, palm kernel oil or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
  • Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters, i.e. the monoesters.
  • diesters and triesters and mixtures thereof which are obtained where production is carried out by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
  • Preferred alk(en)yl sulfates are the alkali metal salts and, in particular, the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid semiesters of Cio-is fatty alcohols, for example cocofatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol, or C ⁇ o- 2 o oxoalcohols and the corresponding semiesters of secondary alcohols with the same chain length.
  • Other preferred alk(en)yl sulfates are those with the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, linear alkyl chain based on a petrochemical and which are similar in their degradation behavior to the corresponding compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
  • C 1 0 -1 6 alkyl sulfates and C )2 -i5 alkyl sulfates and also C 14 . ⁇ 5 alkyl sulfates and C14-1 6 alkyl sulfates are particularly preferred from the perspective of washing performance.
  • Other suitable anionic surfactants are 2,3 -alkyl sulfates which may be produced, for example, in accordance with US 3,234,258 or US 5,075,041 and which are commercially obtainable as products of the Shell Oil Company under the name of DAN®.
  • the sulfuric acid monoesters of linear or branched 07-21 alcohol ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched C 9 - ⁇ alcohols containing on average 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C ⁇ o- ⁇ 8 fatty alcohols containing 1 to 4 EO, are also suitable. In view of their high foaming capacity, they are normally used in only relatively small quantities, for example in quantities of 1 to 5% by weight, in detergents.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are the salts of alkyl sulfosuccinic acid which are also known as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which represent monoesters and/or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and, more particularly, ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _j fatty alcohol molecules or mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol molecule derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols which, considered in isolation, represent nonionic surfactants (for a description, see below).
  • sulfosuccinates those of which the fatty alcohol molecules are derived from narrow-range ethoxylated fatty alcohols are particularly preferred.
  • Alk(en)yl succinic acid preferably containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk(en)yl chain or salts thereof may also be used.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, for-example of N-methyl taurine (taurides) and/or of N-methyl glycine (sarcosides).
  • taurides N-methyl taurine
  • sarcosides N-methyl glycine
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are, in principle, soaps.
  • Suitable soaps are, in particular, saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and soap mixtures derived in particular from natural fatty acids, for example coconut oil, palm kernel oil or tallow fatty acids, but also oleates.
  • the anionic surfactants may be present in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
  • the anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts and, more preferabh'. in the form of their sodium salts.
  • anionic surfactants even in relatively small quantities of 0.2 to 0.5%) by weight has a positive effect. Even relatively large contents, for example above 0.5% by weight to 5%> by weight, are entirely desirable; contents of up to as much as 10% by weight are also possible providing the compositions remain sprayable liquid.
  • Cationic surfactants which may be used are any of those typically present in fabric softeners. They generally belong to the large classes of quaternary ammonium salts or so-called esterquats. Other suitable cationic surfactants are described, for example, in WO 93/23603. Besides their softening effect, some of these substances also have an antistatic and/or germ-inhibiting effect.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized by the use of a sprayable liquid cleaning composition containing anionic and nonionic surfactants.
  • the sprayable liquid compositions preferably contain at least three different and, more preferably, at least four different surfactants.
  • Suitable enzymes are, in particular, enzymes from the class of hydrolases, such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, cellulases or other glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures thereof. All these hydrolases contribute to the removal of stains, such as protein-containing, fat-containing or starch- containing stains, and discoloration in the washing process. Cellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases can contribute towards color retention and towards increasing fabric softness by removing pilling and microfibrils. Oxidoreductases may also be used for bleaching and for inhibiting dye transfer.
  • hydrolases such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, cellulases or other glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures thereof. All these hydrolases contribute to the removal of stains, such as protein-containing, fat-containing or starch- containing stains, and discoloration in the washing process. Cellulases and
  • Enzymes obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus and Humicola insolens are particularly suitable.
  • Proteases of the subtilisin type are preferably used, proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus being particularly preferred.
  • enzyme mixtures for example of protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease and cellulase or of cellulase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or of protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes and cellulase, but especially protease- and/or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytic enzymes.
  • lipolytic enzymes are the known cutinases. Peroxidases or oxidases have also been successfully used in some cases.
  • Suitable amylases include in particular ⁇ - amylases, isoamylases, pullanases and pectinases.
  • Preferred cellulases are cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and ⁇ -glucosidases, which are also known as cellobiases, and mixtures thereof. Since the various cellulase types differ in their CMCase and avicelase activities, the desired activities can be established by mixing the cellulases in the appropriate ratios.
  • the enzymes may be adsorbed to supports and/or encapsulated in membrane materials to protect them against premature decomposition.
  • the percentage content of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules may be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight and is preferably from 0.1 to about 2% by weight.
  • compositions may additionally contain relatively small quantities of a bleaching agent, more particularly an oxygen bleaching agent, such as hydrogen peroxide.
  • a bleaching agent more particularly an oxygen bleaching agent, such as hydrogen peroxide.
  • the content of bleaching agent is generally in the range from about 1 to 5% by weight.
  • compositions may additionally contain perfumes, deodorants, preservatives, antibacterial agents, insect repellents (mothproofing agents) and/or dyes and also one or more finishes, lubricants, fungicides, etc., providing these additives do not affect the distribution and the removal properties of the composition for relatively small or large stains, pH adjusters such as, for example, organic acids, more particularly citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and mixtures thereof, may also be present.
  • the quantities in which such additives are present - if at all - are generally from about 0.2 to 5% by weight of the composition as a whole.
  • Organic fragrances such as cedarwood oil, which also have an insect-repelling effect, are preferably used.
  • the sprayable liquid compositions are used in a bottle with a spray system for the stain pre-treatment.
  • Bottles with a spray system are known to the expert from the prior art.
  • Particularly suitable spray bottles are those with a pump or trigger spray container which enable a fine and concentrated spray jet to be directed under control onto the textile.
  • Foam-generating pumps are also suitable.
  • One such foam-generating pump is the F2 Finger Pump Foamer marketed by Airspray®.
  • Single-lever or single-arm dispensers which comprise and enclose a liquid container and a foam generator are also known to the expert from the prior art. An improved embodiment of one such foam dispenser is described in hitherto unpublished German patent application 199 51 011.3.
  • sprayable textile cleaning compositions applied via bottles with spray systems has clear advantages over the stain pre-treatment systems available on the market or hitherto described in the prior art — particularly when delicate textiles are being treated — because fiber damage is minimized by the contact-free application of the cleaning formulation from the pump or trigger spray bottle.
  • a system of a sprayable liquid cleaning composition in a pump or trigger spray bottle also provides for faster and easier handling and hence for more effective soil removal. The improvement in soil removal is clearly apparent, especially where a foam dispenser is used.
  • the bottles may be made of any material known for such purposes: they are normally plastic bottles, polyethylene and polypropylene being preferred. However, other suitable materials are also known in this art.
  • the bottle In order to protect the spray nozzle, the bottle may be fitted with a closure cap. Corresponding embodiments are also known from the prior art.
  • the stained textile is placed with the stained area on an absorbent substrate and the liquid textile cleaning composition is applied to the soiled area from a spray bottle.
  • the sprayable liquid textile cleaning composition may also be applied to the textile in the form of a blanket foam, depending on the spray system used.
  • the textiles used in this process may be of any conventional type. However, it is particularly preferred to use textiles which are otherwise only washed in "delicates" programs of commercially available washing machines or even have to be chemically cleaned. Accordingly, the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for cleaning textiles of wool, cotton, synthetic fibers, including rayon, and silk.
  • Absorbent substrates are known from the prior art. Absorbent substrates used in a stain pre-treatment process before a subsequent dry-cleaning process are also known from the prior art and may also be used in the process according to the invention. Particularly suitable absorbent substrates are cellulose-containing substrates, for example airlaid cellulose or conventional household kitchen roll (paper towels), as described in WO 93/23603 or other above-mentioned applications, or an absorbent pad of a plastic. Kitchen towels are preferably folded together before use and placed beneath the stained textile as if were in several layers. Typical plastic pads which may be used are made, for example, from polyurethane foams. A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized by the use of an absorbent substrate comprising an absorbent layer and a water- impermeable layer.
  • the absorbent layer advantageously has a fabric weight of 150 to 800 g/crr and, more particularly, in the range from 200 to 600 g/cm ⁇ - Its water absorption capacity is preferably at least 1.5 g/cm ⁇ and more preferably at least 2 g/cm ⁇ -
  • the advantages of an absorbent substrate laminated with a water- impermeable layer will immediately become clear to the user in use.
  • the water- impermeable layer preferably consists of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene or plastic-coated board.
  • the list of materials for the water- impermeable layer is by no means complete. The expert knows which other materials may be used in addition to those mentioned.
  • spray bottles which dispense from 0.01 to 2 g, preferably from 0.02 to 1 g and more preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 g of composition per spray are used in the process.
  • the spraying process may be repeated one or more times, depending upon the type of soil and the stain and the size of the stain.
  • the liquid textile cleaning composition applied is left to act for an indefinite period.
  • the textile cleaning composition is preferably left to act for between 10 and 300 seconds and more preferably for between 15 and 250 seconds.
  • a contact time of 20 to 180 seconds has proved to be particularly advantageous.
  • a flat porous sheet impregnated with a cleaning formulation is pressed onto the stained area or the stained area is dabbed with the flat porous sheet in addition to the spray treatment and, in particular, after one of the above-mentioned contact times of the liquid cleaning composition.
  • Suitable flat porous sheets are already known from the prior art and may consist of a fibrous or cellular flexible material which has sufficient thermal stability for use in a dryer and which may retain sufficient quantities of a cleaning liquid or cleaning gel to effectively clean textiles without significant leakage or "bleeding" of the liquid or gel in storage.
  • Sheets of the type in question include sheets of woven and non-woven synthetic and natural fibers, felt, paper or foam, such as hydrophilic polyurethane foam.
  • Non- wovens are generally defined as adhesively bonded fibrous products which have a mat-like or coated fiber structure, or those which comprise fiber mats where the fibers are distributed in a random or statistical arrangement.
  • the fibers may be natural, such as wool, silk, jute, hemp, cotton, linen, sisal or ramie; or synthetic, such as rayon, cellulose ester, polyvinyl derivatives, polyolefins, polyamides or polyesters. In general, any fiber diameter or titer is suitable for the purposes of the invention.
  • non-wovens used tend not to disintegrate or tear when used, for example, in a normal domestic tumble dryer.
  • non-wovens suitable as substrates for the purposes of the present invention are known, for example, from WO 93/23603.
  • Preferred porous cleaning sheets consist of one or more fibrous materials, more particularly cotton, finished cotton, polyamide, polyester or blends thereof.
  • the cleaning liquid or cleaning gel with which the sheet is impregnated may have the same composition as or a different composition from the sprayable textile cleaning liquid stored in a spray bottle.
  • the composition of the cleaning liquid or gel is at least substantially identical with the composition of the sprayable textile cleaning liquid.
  • the sprayable water-based cleaning liquid, which may comprise one or more phases and which is used in a spray bottle, and the cleaning liquid or gel on the porous cleaning sheet preferably have 90 to 100%) and more preferably 95 to 100% the same composition.
  • the thickened gel-like cleaning compositions additionally comprise a quantity of organic gelling agent of which the effect is to thicken or gel the liquid dispersions when they are cooled and applied to the sheets.
  • Any organic gelling agent or mixture of organic gelling agents may be used providing it stabilizes the composition for the dry-cleaning process and allows it to adhere to the sheets during production, storage and use and providing there are sheets which distribute the solvent and the surfactants without leaving any significant residue behind on the textile.
  • Suitable gelling agents include modified starches, modified celluloses, such as CMC or HPMS, fatty acid salts and polysaccharide gums, i.e. polysaccharide gums which may be gelled in situ by addition of an effective quantity of one or more metal or ammonium cations.
  • Preferred gums for use in the present invention are vegetable gums such as the alkali metal salts of alginic acid (alginates), carrageen, pectin, guar gum and mixtures thereof. These "strong" gums revert to the gel state from the solution or from the dispersion and thus provide a continuous gel structure.
  • organic gelling agents which may be used in the practical application of the present invention, are polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl. alcohol, polyacrylamides and polymeric organic waxes.
  • Suitable polymeric waxes include ethylene/acrylate copolymers, ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers and polyethylene (for example oxidized polyethylenes). Materials such as these are commercially available in the form of aqueous emulsions or dispersions. Wax-like polyethylene glycols, above all those with a molecular weight of about 800 to 2,000, are preferred.
  • the gelling agent(s) is preferably used in the liquid or thickened gel-like cleaning compositions.
  • a white residue can be deposited onto the textile to be cleaned when the coated sheet is applied thereto.
  • a metal salt such as a metal halide
  • Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts are preferred for this purpose, potassium, sodium, lithium or calcium chloride in particular being used.
  • the salt is effective in very small quantities, for example even in quantities of 0.0025 to 0.1%) by weight, based on the composition as a whole. So far as the production of thickened gel-like cleaning compositions suitable for impregnating flat porous sheets are concerned, reference is made, for example, to the disclosure of WO 93/23603.
  • the finished sheets are preferably packed in a moisture-impermeable case, for example in (metal) foil or in a case of a composite material of the metal/plastic film or (metal) foil/treated paper type.
  • the damp and cleaned part of the textile is placed on a new and dry, preferably folded, household kitchen towel or another dry absorbent pad (in addition to the treatment described in the foregoing) for the substantially complete removal of the dissolved soil and the cleaning formulation.
  • a new and dry, preferably folded, household kitchen towel or another dry absorbent pad is then placed on the damp cleaned part of the textile, pressure being applied to the upper kitchen towel or to the absorbent pad.
  • the textile thus pre- treated is optionally placed in a plastic bag with other pre-treated or non-pre- treated textiles and a flat porous cleaning sheet stably impregnated with a cleaning liquid or cleaning gel.
  • Corresponding plastic bags are also described in the prior art and may be permeable or substantially impermeable to water vapor.
  • the bag is then tumbled with the textile and the impregnated cleaning sheet in a standard domestic tumble dryer, the cleaning liquid or gel on the cleaning sheet coming into contact with the soiled textiles and dispersing the soil.
  • the tumbling process in a standard domestic tumble dryer preferably takes place at temperatures of 40 to 95°C, advantageously over a period of 15 to 45 minutes. After the tumbling process, the cleaned textiles are removed from the bag.
  • the plastic bags may consist of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, for example Nylon, polyester or a multilayer complex of such materials.
  • Polypropylene and polypropylene/polyamide bags are particularly preferred.
  • the bags are welded at their sides or at their lower end. depending on the production process.
  • one side is open and provided with a Velcro closure held in place by an adhesive or by welding.
  • the bag may be vented or include other suitable openings as described, for example, in US patent US 5,658,651 or in International patent applications WO 97/27354 or WO 98/31863.
  • a bag substantially impermeable to water vapor is preferably used, representing a closed system so that the evaporated cleaning liquid can effectively be contained in the bag.
  • a closed system is formed from the bag by providing the opening of the bag with a reversible closure system.
  • the bags preferably have a closure system of press studs, clips, a slide fastener, a Velcro fastener, a zip fastener or opposite strips with a reclosable adhesive.
  • the bag can be discarded after use.
  • the bag is preferably made of a dryer-resistant and heat-resistant material so that it may be repeatedly used in several cleaning processes.
  • the present invention relates to a textile cleaning kit comprising one or more bags which may be substantially impermeable or permeable to water vapor and one or more flat porous cleaning sheets impregnated with a cleaning liquid or a cleaning gel.
  • the kit additionally contains (a) a sprayable liquid water-based textile cleaning composition of the type described above in a bottle with a spray system and (b) optionally one or more absorbent substrates of the type described above.
  • Examples 1 to 11 for sprayable liquid water-based textile cleaning compositions in a bottle with a pump or trigger spray container are set out in Table 1.
  • Table 1 Sprayable cleaning composition in a spray bottle (figures % by weight), Examples 1 to 6
  • Isoparaffin (boiling range 5 00 10 00 between 200 and 260°C)
  • Examples 9 to 1 1 disclose two-phase textile cleaning compositions which were shaken before spraying
  • the pH value of the compositions of Examples 1 to 1 1 was between 7 40 and 8.0 at 20°C
  • Carrageenane (Hercules) 1 00 0 50 1 00
  • Carrageenane (Hercules) 1 00 1 00 0 50
  • Any of textile cleaning compositions 1 to 1 1 may be combined with any of cleaning compositions 12 to 23.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition à base d'eau, liquide, pulvérisable, destinée au nettoyage de textiles et logée dans un flacon pulvérisateur, utilisée pour le prétraitement de salissures dans un procédé de nettoyage à sec. Cette composition peut comprendre une ou plusieurs phases. L'invention concerne également un procédé destiné au nettoyage de textiles sales, utilisant cette composition, logée dans un flacon pulvérisateur, et des kits comprenant ce flacon pulvérisateur.
PCT/US2001/002654 2000-01-31 2001-01-29 Traitement de salissures sur des textiles WO2001055497A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2000104040 DE10004040A1 (de) 2000-01-31 2000-01-31 Behandlung von Schmutz auf Textilien
DE10004040.3-43 2000-01-31
DE10036605A DE10036605A1 (de) 2000-01-31 2000-07-27 Behandlung von Schmutz auf Textilien
DE10036605.8 2000-07-27

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WO2003102294A1 (fr) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede de distribution sequentielle d'une composition liquide consommable en couches, et produit la contenant
WO2007043024A2 (fr) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Methode de traitement d'article textile
US9671410B2 (en) 2011-01-16 2017-06-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Biomarker-based methods for identifying and formulating compositions that improve skin quality and reduce the visible signs of aging in skin
EP3418359A1 (fr) * 2017-06-22 2018-12-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Produit de nettoyage
US10662395B2 (en) 2015-11-16 2020-05-26 Firmenich Sa Odor neutralizer for ammonia and primary or secondary amines
US10966916B2 (en) 2014-11-10 2021-04-06 The Procter And Gamble Company Personal care compositions
US10987290B2 (en) 2017-10-20 2021-04-27 The Procter And Gamble Company Aerosol foam skin cleanser
CN113150891A (zh) * 2013-01-18 2021-07-23 萨特隆股份公司 具有除雾和/或清洁作用的干擦拭物
US11124739B2 (en) 2017-06-22 2021-09-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning product
US11180715B2 (en) 2017-06-22 2021-11-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Sprayable cleaning composition
US11207248B2 (en) 2014-11-10 2021-12-28 The Procter And Gamble Company Personal care compositions with two benefit phases
US11207261B2 (en) 2014-11-10 2021-12-28 The Procter And Gamble Company Personal care compositions with two benefit phases
US11365397B2 (en) 2018-11-29 2022-06-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Methods for screening personal care products
US11419805B2 (en) 2017-10-20 2022-08-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Aerosol foam skin cleanser

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AUPQ984400A0 (en) * 2000-09-01 2000-09-28 Novapharm Research (Australia) Pty Ltd Surfactant sytem
DE10060096A1 (de) * 2000-12-02 2002-07-04 Henkel Kgaa Mehrphasiges Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel mit Bleiche
DE10163578A1 (de) * 2001-12-21 2003-07-03 Henkel Kgaa Wäschevorbehandlungsmittel
US20050223500A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-10-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Solvent treatment of fabric articles
GB0403008D0 (en) * 2004-02-11 2004-03-17 Reckitt Benckiser Uk Ltd Composition and method
EP3415603A1 (fr) * 2017-06-13 2018-12-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Produit de consommation
EP3418370B1 (fr) * 2017-06-13 2021-05-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Produit de consommation
WO2018231750A1 (fr) 2017-06-13 2018-12-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Procédé de traitement d'au moins un vêtement

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003102294A1 (fr) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede de distribution sequentielle d'une composition liquide consommable en couches, et produit la contenant
WO2007043024A2 (fr) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Methode de traitement d'article textile
WO2007043024A3 (fr) * 2005-10-13 2008-01-24 Procter & Gamble Methode de traitement d'article textile
US9671410B2 (en) 2011-01-16 2017-06-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Biomarker-based methods for identifying and formulating compositions that improve skin quality and reduce the visible signs of aging in skin
CN113150891A (zh) * 2013-01-18 2021-07-23 萨特隆股份公司 具有除雾和/或清洁作用的干擦拭物
US10966916B2 (en) 2014-11-10 2021-04-06 The Procter And Gamble Company Personal care compositions
US11207248B2 (en) 2014-11-10 2021-12-28 The Procter And Gamble Company Personal care compositions with two benefit phases
US11207261B2 (en) 2014-11-10 2021-12-28 The Procter And Gamble Company Personal care compositions with two benefit phases
US10662395B2 (en) 2015-11-16 2020-05-26 Firmenich Sa Odor neutralizer for ammonia and primary or secondary amines
EP3418359A1 (fr) * 2017-06-22 2018-12-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Produit de nettoyage
US11124739B2 (en) 2017-06-22 2021-09-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning product
US11180715B2 (en) 2017-06-22 2021-11-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Sprayable cleaning composition
US10987290B2 (en) 2017-10-20 2021-04-27 The Procter And Gamble Company Aerosol foam skin cleanser
US11419805B2 (en) 2017-10-20 2022-08-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Aerosol foam skin cleanser
US11365397B2 (en) 2018-11-29 2022-06-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Methods for screening personal care products

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