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WO2001054799A1 - Method and plant for purifying fumes containing condensable pollutants - Google Patents

Method and plant for purifying fumes containing condensable pollutants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001054799A1
WO2001054799A1 PCT/FR2001/000286 FR0100286W WO0154799A1 WO 2001054799 A1 WO2001054799 A1 WO 2001054799A1 FR 0100286 W FR0100286 W FR 0100286W WO 0154799 A1 WO0154799 A1 WO 0154799A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fumes
temperature
pollutants
crystallization chamber
separator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2001/000286
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruno Coustenoble
Original Assignee
Lab S.A.
Genevet
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lab S.A., Genevet filed Critical Lab S.A.
Priority to AU2001231939A priority Critical patent/AU2001231939A1/en
Publication of WO2001054799A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001054799A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and an installation for purifying smoke containing condensable pollutants.
  • the invention relates more particularly, but not exclusively, to the treatment of fumes emitted in the glass industry, such fumes containing pollutants, such as arsenic and its oxides.
  • the purification of fumes containing condensable pollutants consists, in known manner, in lowering the temperature of these fumes, so as to cause condensation of the aforementioned pollutants.
  • a slow cooling of these fumes leads to the formation of pasty deposits on the walls of the corresponding installations.
  • Such deposits which can be salts or oxides, occur to a degree proportional to the amount of pollutants contained in the fumes.
  • the invention proposes to implement a process which, while ensuring reliable purification of the fumes, generates only weak deposits of pollutants, makes it possible to overcome to a large extent the clogging phenomena. and involves relatively low costs, both in terms of energy and in terms of sizing of the installation.
  • the smoke is cooled, in a cooling unit, to a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of said pollutants, - quenching, outside the cooling unit, the fumes thus cooled by means of a gaseous flow of mixture, the temperature of which is substantially lower than that of said cooled fumes, so as to bring the latter below the condensation temperature of said pollutants,
  • the smoke mixed with the gas flow is placed in a crystallization chamber so as to grow crystals of said condensable pollutants
  • the fumes to be purified which are discharged from an industrial oven at a temperature for example of around 600 ° C., are first of all subjected to prior cooling, which aims to bring them to a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of the pollutants they contain.
  • a temperature could be, for example, 20 to 80 ° C higher than the above-mentioned condensation temperature.
  • the temperature of the cooling unit is between 150 and 250 ° C, preferably between 180 and 240 ° C.
  • the prior cooling phase of the fumes is followed by a step of mixing these cooled fumes with a gas flow, or current.
  • This mixture, or quenching which is carried out outside the cooling unit, makes it possible to suddenly cool the fumes, so as to bring them to a temperature lower than that of condensation of the pollutants. It should be noted that, in accordance with the invention, since this quenching is carried out with previously cooled fumes, it uses a gas flow whose flow rate is relatively unimportant, since excessive dilution is avoided fumes to be treated.
  • downstream smoke treatment facilities mixed with this stream can have relatively small dimensions, which is advantageous in economic terms. This is to be compared with a solution which would require direct quenching of the fumes leaving the furnace, which would require a large gas flow rate and large downstream installations.
  • the temperature of this gas flow is for example between -10 and 60 ° C, preferably between 20 and 50 ° C.
  • the fumes previously cooled, then mixed with the cold gas flow, are then admitted into a crystallization chamber.
  • the cooled fumes can be mixed with the gas flow in this crystallization chamber. This mixing step can also be carried out in a separate unit, upstream of the aforementioned chamber.
  • the residence time of the fumes in the crystallization chamber is between 3 and 30 seconds, preferably between 7 and 15 seconds. This guarantees a satisfactory crystallization yield.
  • the temperature of the crystallization chamber is between 70 and 150 ° C, preferably between 80 and 130 ° C.
  • the fumes Downstream of the crystallization chamber, the fumes are led to a solid and gaseous phase separator, such as an electro-filter or a bag filter. Since a substantial part of the pollutants has been crystallized in the aforementioned chamber, the risk of problems associated with deposits in the separator is thus considerably reduced.
  • the passage of fumes in this separator leads to the evacuation of condensed pollutants, formed in the crystallization chamber. The fumes having undergone this purification are then discharged, for example by a chimney.
  • the temperature of the separator is higher than that of the chamber crystallization, the difference between these two temperatures up to 10 ° C. This avoids, to an additional extent, the problems of deposits in the separator, for example clogging.
  • the temperature of the separator is lower than that of the crystallization chamber, the difference between these two temperatures possibly reaching 10 ° C. This choice of relative temperatures leads to additional condensation of the pollutants, within the separator itself.
  • the crystals collected in the separator are at least partially recycled, so as to add them to the gas flow during the step of quenching the cooled flue gases.
  • a preliminary fraction of the crystals is collected in the crystallization chamber, which is at least partially recycled, so as to add them to the gas flow during the step of quenching the fumes. cooled.
  • the condensable pollutants include arsenic and / or one of its oxides.
  • the invention also relates to a smoke purification installation containing condensable pollutants, comprising: - means for supplying the smoke to be purified,
  • a mixing device linked to the both with the cooling unit and with means for supplying a gaseous mixture flow, the temperature of which is substantially lower than that of the cooled flue gases, discharged from the cooling unit, - a crystallization chamber, communication with said mixing device,
  • a solid and gaseous phase separator connected to said crystallization chamber.
  • the installation comprises first recycling means, capable of recycling crystals collected in the separator in the direction of the mixing device;
  • the installation comprises second recycling means, capable of recycling a prior fraction of the crystals, collected in the crystallization chamber, in the direction of the mixing device;
  • the first and / or second recycling means open into a flow divider, in particular of the centrifugal type with cyclonic effect; - the separator is a bag filter or an electro-filter.
  • the dedusted fumes, circulating in line 8, are then directed into a cooling enclosure 10, or their temperature is brought to a value higher than the condensation temperature of the pollutants which they contain.
  • the cooled flue gases, discharged through line 12, are then admitted into a mixer 14, operating for example by air jets.
  • This mixer 14 is supplied, by a line 16, by means of a cold gas flow. The latter can be introduced into a sheath upstream of the mixer, as shown, or even directly into the mixer 14.
  • the cooled fumes, then mixed are then directed, via a conduit 18, to a crystallization chamber 20. It is it should be noted that, as a variant, the phase of mixing with the abovementioned cold gas flow can be carried out directly in the crystallization chamber 20.
  • the fumes stay between 3 and 30 seconds, preferably between 7 and 15 seconds in this chamber 20 , so as to allow the pollutants contained in the fumes to crystallize.
  • a first fraction of the crystals thus formed is evacuated from the crystallization chamber 20, by a line 22.
  • the latter is placed in communication with a flow divider 24, by for example a cyclone, which is itself connected, via a conduit 26, with the mixer 14.
  • a line 28 allows the discharge of the other part of the crystals, collected from the crystallization chamber 20.
  • the fumes separated from the first fraction of crystals mentioned above are directed, through the conduit 30, towards a solid gas separator 32, which is for example an electro-filter or a bag filter.
  • a solid gas separator 32 which is for example an electro-filter or a bag filter.
  • the passage of the fumes in the latter causes additional purification, by separation of a second fraction of the pollutant crystals, formed in the crystallization chamber 20.
  • This second fraction is evacuated from the separator 32 via a line 34.
  • the purified fumes are discharged from the separator 32 by a line 35, and for example led to a chimney not shown.
  • this second fraction of pollutants is not recycled, so that the line 34 ensures their evacuation from the installation.
  • This configuration is particularly advantageous, in the case where it is desired that the product recovered by line 28, for example arsenic oxide, be particularly pure.
  • the second fraction of crystals, conveyed by the line 34 is directed, at least in part, towards the flow divider 24, via a conduit 36. In this way , this second fraction of the pollutants coming from the separator 32 is partially recycled towards the mixer 14 and partially evacuated by the conduit 26.
  • This variant of FIG. 2 is advantageous, in the case where the crystals recovered by the line 22 are present in too much quantity low, to ensure, once recycled, satisfactory nucleation in chamber 20.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method which consists in: cooling the fumes, in a cooling unit (10) down to a temperature higher that the condensation temperature of said pollutants; and soaking (in 14) the resulting cooled fumes using a mixing gas stream, so as to bring the latter below the condensation temperature of said pollutants; then leaving the fumes mixed with the gas stream in a crystallisation chamber (20), so as to grow the crystals of said condensable pollutants; and transferring (through 30) the fumes derived from the chamber (20) into a separator (32).

Description

PROCEDE ET INSTALLATION D'EPURATION DE FUMEES CONTENANT DES POLLUANTS CONDENSABLES PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PURIFYING SMOKE CONTAINING CONDENSABLE POLLUTANTS
La présente invention concerne un procédé et une installation d'épuration de fumées contenant des polluants condensables .The present invention relates to a process and an installation for purifying smoke containing condensable pollutants.
L'invention vise plus particulièrement, mais non exclusivement, le traitement de fumées émises dans l'industrie verrière, de telles fumées renfermant des polluants, tels que l'arsenic et ses oxydes.The invention relates more particularly, but not exclusively, to the treatment of fumes emitted in the glass industry, such fumes containing pollutants, such as arsenic and its oxides.
L'épuration de fumées contenant des polluants condensables consiste, de manière connue, à abaisser la température de ces fumées, de manière à provoquer une condensation des polluants précités. Un tel procédé présente cependant un inconvénient, en ce sens qu'un refroidissement lent de ces fumées conduit à la formation de dépôts pâteux sur les parois des installations correspondantes. De tels dépôts, qui peuvent être des sels ou des oxydes, se produisent dans une mesure proportionnelle à la quantité de polluants renfermés par les fumées .The purification of fumes containing condensable pollutants consists, in known manner, in lowering the temperature of these fumes, so as to cause condensation of the aforementioned pollutants. However, such a method has a drawback, in that a slow cooling of these fumes leads to the formation of pasty deposits on the walls of the corresponding installations. Such deposits, which can be salts or oxides, occur to a degree proportional to the amount of pollutants contained in the fumes.
Afin de pallier ces inconvénients, l'invention se propose de mettre en oeuvre un procédé qui, tout en assurant une épuration fiable des fumées, ne génère que de faibles dépôts de polluants, permet de s'affranchir dans une mesure importante des phénomènes de colmatage et implique des coûts relativement peu élevés, aussi bien en termes énergétiques qu'en termes de dimensionnement de l'installation.In order to overcome these drawbacks, the invention proposes to implement a process which, while ensuring reliable purification of the fumes, generates only weak deposits of pollutants, makes it possible to overcome to a large extent the clogging phenomena. and involves relatively low costs, both in terms of energy and in terms of sizing of the installation.
A cet effet, elle a pour objet un procédé d'épuration de fumées contenant des polluants condensables, comprenant les étapes suivantes : on refroidit les fumées, dans une unité de refroidissement, jusqu'à une température supérieure à la température de condensation desdits polluants, - on trempe, en dehors de l'unité de refroidissement, les fumées ainsi refroidies au moyen d'un flux gazeux de mélange, dont la température est substantiellement inférieure à celle desdites fumées refroidies, de manière à porter ces dernières au-dessous de la température de condensation desdits polluants,To this end, it relates to a process for purifying smoke containing condensable pollutants, comprising the following stages: the smoke is cooled, in a cooling unit, to a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of said pollutants, - quenching, outside the cooling unit, the fumes thus cooled by means of a gaseous flow of mixture, the temperature of which is substantially lower than that of said cooled fumes, so as to bring the latter below the condensation temperature of said pollutants,
- on fait séjourner, dans une chambre de cristallisation, les fumées mélangées au flux gazeux, de façon à faire croître des cristaux desdits polluants condensables,- the smoke mixed with the gas flow is placed in a crystallization chamber so as to grow crystals of said condensable pollutants,
- on admet les fumées provenant de la chambre de cristallisation, dans un séparateur de phases solide et gazeuse .- the fumes from the crystallization chamber are admitted into a solid and gaseous phase separator.
Conformément à l'invention, les fumées à épurer, qui sont rejetées d'un four industriel à une température par exemple d'environ 600°C, sont tout d'abord soumises à un refroidissement préalable, qui vise à les amener à une température supérieure à la température de condensation des polluants qu'elles renferment. Une telle température pourra être, par exemple, supérieure de 20 à 80°C à la température de condensation précitée.In accordance with the invention, the fumes to be purified, which are discharged from an industrial oven at a temperature for example of around 600 ° C., are first of all subjected to prior cooling, which aims to bring them to a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of the pollutants they contain. Such a temperature could be, for example, 20 to 80 ° C higher than the above-mentioned condensation temperature.
Ce refroidissement préalable a pour but de porter la température des fumées à une valeur qui soit à la fois, suffisamment faible pour que le mélange postérieur avec le flux gazeux puisse être mis en oeuvre sans faire appel à un volume gazeux trop important, et suffisamment élevé pour ne pas induire de dépôt substantiel de polluants condensés sur les parois froides de l'unité de refroidissement. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la température de l'unité de refroidissement est comprise entre 150 et 250°C, de préférence entre 180 et 240°C.The purpose of this pre-cooling is to bring the temperature of the flue gases to a value which is at the same time sufficiently low that the subsequent mixture with the gas flow can be implemented without using too large and sufficiently high gas volume. so as not to induce a substantial deposit of condensed pollutants on the cold walls of the cooling unit. According to a characteristic of the invention, the temperature of the cooling unit is between 150 and 250 ° C, preferably between 180 and 240 ° C.
La phase de refroidissement préalable des fumées est suivie par une étape de mélange de ces fumées refroidies avec un flux, ou courant, gazeux. Ce mélange, ou trempe, qui est réalisé en dehors de l'unité de refroidissement, permet de refroidir brusquement les fumées, de façon à les amener à une température inférieure à celle de condensation des polluants. Il est à noter que, conformément à l'invention, étant donné que cette trempe est mise en oeuvre avec des fumées préalable- ment refroidies, elle fait appel à un flux gazeux dont le débit est relativement peu important, car on évite une dilution excessive des fumées à traiter.The prior cooling phase of the fumes is followed by a step of mixing these cooled fumes with a gas flow, or current. This mixture, or quenching, which is carried out outside the cooling unit, makes it possible to suddenly cool the fumes, so as to bring them to a temperature lower than that of condensation of the pollutants. It should be noted that, in accordance with the invention, since this quenching is carried out with previously cooled fumes, it uses a gas flow whose flow rate is relatively unimportant, since excessive dilution is avoided fumes to be treated.
Par ailleurs, étant donné le faible débit de ce flux d'appoint, les installations aval de traitement des fumées mélangées à ce flux peuvent présenter des dimensions relativement restreintes, ce qui est avantageux en termes économiques. Ceci est à comparer avec une solution qui ferait appel à une trempe directe des fumées en sortie du four, qui nécessiterait un débit gazeux important et des installations aval de grandes dimensions .Furthermore, given the low flow rate of this flow In addition, the downstream smoke treatment facilities mixed with this stream can have relatively small dimensions, which is advantageous in economic terms. This is to be compared with a solution which would require direct quenching of the fumes leaving the furnace, which would require a large gas flow rate and large downstream installations.
La température de ce flux gazeux est par exemple comprise entre -10 et 60°C, de préférence entre 20 et 50°C. Les fumées préalablement refroidies, puis mélangées au flux gazeux froid, sont ensuite admises dans une chambre de cristallisation. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, les fumées refroidies peuvent être mélangées au flux gazeux dans cette chambre de cristallisation. Cette étape de mélange peut également être mise en oeuvre dans une unité séparée, en amont de la chambre précitée.The temperature of this gas flow is for example between -10 and 60 ° C, preferably between 20 and 50 ° C. The fumes previously cooled, then mixed with the cold gas flow, are then admitted into a crystallization chamber. According to a characteristic of the invention, the cooled fumes can be mixed with the gas flow in this crystallization chamber. This mixing step can also be carried out in a separate unit, upstream of the aforementioned chamber.
L'admission de ces fumées dans la chambre de cristallisation induit une nucléation et une croissance des polluants à condenser, qui conduit à la formation et à la croissance de cristaux. Avantageusement, en vue de la croissance des cristaux, le temps de séjour des fumées dans la chambre de cristallisation est compris entre 3 et 30 secondes, de préférence entre 7 et 15 secondes . Ceci garantit un rendement de cristallisation satisfaisant. La température de la chambre de cristallisation est comprise entre 70 et 150°C, de préférence entre 80 et 130°C.The admission of these fumes into the crystallization chamber induces nucleation and growth of the pollutants to be condensed, which leads to the formation and growth of crystals. Advantageously, with a view to the growth of the crystals, the residence time of the fumes in the crystallization chamber is between 3 and 30 seconds, preferably between 7 and 15 seconds. This guarantees a satisfactory crystallization yield. The temperature of the crystallization chamber is between 70 and 150 ° C, preferably between 80 and 130 ° C.
En aval de la chambre de cristallisation, les fumées sont conduites vers un séparateur de phases solide et gazeuse, tel qu'un électro-filtre ou un filtre à manches. Etant donné qu'une partie substantielle des polluants a été cristallisée dans la chambre précitée, le risque de problèmes liés à des dépôts dans le séparateur est ainsi considérablement réduit. Le passage des fumées dans ce séparateur conduit à l'évacuation des polluants condensés, formés dans la chambre de cristallisation. Les fumées ayant subi cette épuration sont ensuite rejetées, par exemple par une cheminée.Downstream of the crystallization chamber, the fumes are led to a solid and gaseous phase separator, such as an electro-filter or a bag filter. Since a substantial part of the pollutants has been crystallized in the aforementioned chamber, the risk of problems associated with deposits in the separator is thus considerably reduced. The passage of fumes in this separator leads to the evacuation of condensed pollutants, formed in the crystallization chamber. The fumes having undergone this purification are then discharged, for example by a chimney.
Selon une première caractéristique de l'invention, la température du séparateur est supérieure à celle de la chambre de cristallisation, la différence entre ces deux températures pouvant atteindre 10°C. Ceci permet d'éviter, dans une mesure supplémentaire, les problèmes de dépôts dans le séparateur, par exemple de colmatage. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la température du séparateur est inférieure à celle de la chambre de cristallisation, la différence entre ces deux températures pouvant atteindre 10 °C. Ce choix de températures relatives conduit à une condensation supplémentaire des polluants, au sein du séparateur même.According to a first characteristic of the invention, the temperature of the separator is higher than that of the chamber crystallization, the difference between these two temperatures up to 10 ° C. This avoids, to an additional extent, the problems of deposits in the separator, for example clogging. According to another characteristic of the invention, the temperature of the separator is lower than that of the crystallization chamber, the difference between these two temperatures possibly reaching 10 ° C. This choice of relative temperatures leads to additional condensation of the pollutants, within the separator itself.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, on recycle au moins partiellement les cristaux collectés dans le séparateur, de manière à les ajouter au flux gazeux lors de l'étape de trempe des fumées refroidies. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on collecte, dans la chambre de cristallisation, une fraction préalable des cristaux, que l'on recycle au moins partiellement, de manière à les ajouter au flux gazeux lors de l'étape de trempe des fumées refroidies. Ces opérations de recyclage, qui conduisent à introduire des particules de polluants sous forme solide, assurent un rendement amélioré de cristallisation, dans la chambre de cristallisation. Ces poussières constituent en effet des noyaux de cristallisation et permettent par ailleurs de maîtriser les risques de corrosion liés à la présence d'oxydes de soufre et de métaux lourds, ainsi qu'à la forte teneur en eau dans les fumées, car ils contribuent à une précipitation simultanée de ces autres polluants.According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, the crystals collected in the separator are at least partially recycled, so as to add them to the gas flow during the step of quenching the cooled flue gases. According to another characteristic of the invention, a preliminary fraction of the crystals is collected in the crystallization chamber, which is at least partially recycled, so as to add them to the gas flow during the step of quenching the fumes. cooled. These recycling operations, which lead to the introduction of particles of pollutants in solid form, ensure an improved crystallization yield in the crystallization chamber. This dust in fact constitutes nuclei of crystallization and also makes it possible to control the risks of corrosion linked to the presence of sulfur oxides and heavy metals, as well as to the high water content in the fumes, because they contribute to simultaneous precipitation of these other pollutants.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les polluants condensables comprennent l'arsenic et/ou un de ses oxydes .According to another characteristic of the invention, the condensable pollutants include arsenic and / or one of its oxides.
L'invention a également pour objet une installation d'épuration des fumées contenant des polluants condensables, comprenant : - des moyens d'amenée des fumées à épurer,The invention also relates to a smoke purification installation containing condensable pollutants, comprising: - means for supplying the smoke to be purified,
- une unité de refroidissement des fumées mise en relation avec les moyens d'amenée,- a smoke cooling unit linked to the supply means,
- un dispositif de mélange, mis en relation à la fois avec l'unité de refroidissement et avec des moyens d'amenée d'un flux gazeux de mélange, dont la température est substantiellement inférieure à celle des fumées refroidies, évacuées de l'unité de refroidissement, - une chambre de cristallisation, mise en communication avec ledit dispositif de mélange,- a mixing device, linked to the both with the cooling unit and with means for supplying a gaseous mixture flow, the temperature of which is substantially lower than that of the cooled flue gases, discharged from the cooling unit, - a crystallization chamber, communication with said mixing device,
- un séparateur de phases solide et gazeuse, mis en relation avec ladite chambre de cristallisation.- A solid and gaseous phase separator, connected to said crystallization chamber.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention : - l'installation comprend des premiers moyens de recyclage, aptes à recycler des cristaux collectés dans le séparateur en direction du dispositif de mélange ;According to other characteristics of the invention: - the installation comprises first recycling means, capable of recycling crystals collected in the separator in the direction of the mixing device;
- l'installation comprend des seconds moyens de recyclage, aptes à recycler une fraction préalable des cristaux, collectée dans la chambre de cristallation, en direction du dispositif de mélange ;- The installation comprises second recycling means, capable of recycling a prior fraction of the crystals, collected in the crystallization chamber, in the direction of the mixing device;
- les premiers et/ou seconds moyens de recyclage débouchent dans un diviseur de flux, notamment du type centrifuge à effet cyclonique ; - le séparateur est un filtre à manches ou un électro-filtre .- The first and / or second recycling means open into a flow divider, in particular of the centrifugal type with cyclonic effect; - the separator is a bag filter or an electro-filter.
L'invention va être décrite ci-dessous, en référence aux figures 1 et 2 annexées, données à titre d'exemple non limitatif, qui sont des représentations schématiques de deux installations d'épuration des fumées conformes à l'invention. Les fumées à épurer, véhiculées par une ligne 2, sont tout d'abord débarrassées, de façon grossière, d'une partie de leurs poussières dans un dépoussiéreur 4, qui peut être un électro-filtre ou un cyclone. De la sorte, une fraction des contaminants initialement présents dans les fumées est évacuée par le conduit 6. Il est à noter cependant que cette phase de dépoussiérage préalable est optionnelle.The invention will be described below, with reference to Figures 1 and 2 attached, given by way of non-limiting example, which are schematic representations of two smoke purification plants according to the invention. The fumes to be purified, conveyed by a line 2, are first of all roughly removed from part of their dust in a dust collector 4, which can be an electro-filter or a cyclone. In this way, a fraction of the contaminants initially present in the flue gases is evacuated via line 6. It should be noted, however, that this phase of preliminary dedusting is optional.
Les fumées dépoussiérées, circulant dans la ligne 8, sont ensuite dirigées dans une enceinte de ref oidissement 10, ou leur température est portée à une valeur supérieure à la température de condensation des polluants qu'elles renferment. Les fumées refroidies, évacuées par le conduit 12, sont ensuite admises dans un mélangeur 14, opérant par exemple par jets d'air. Ce mélangeur 14 est alimenté, par une ligne 16, au moyen d'un flux gazeux froid. Ce dernier peut être introduit dans une gaine en amont du mélangeur, comme représenté, ou bien encore directement dans le mélangeur 14. Les fumées refroidies, puis mélangées, sont ensuite dirigées, via un conduit 18, vers une chambre de cristallisation 20. Il est à noter que, en variante, la phase de mélange avec le flux gazeux froid précité peut être mise en oeuvre directement dans la chambre de cristallisation 20. Les fumées séjournent entre 3 et 30 secondes, de préférence entre 7 et 15 secondes dans cette chambre 20, de façon à permettre aux polluants renfermés dans les fumées de se cristalliser.The dedusted fumes, circulating in line 8, are then directed into a cooling enclosure 10, or their temperature is brought to a value higher than the condensation temperature of the pollutants which they contain. The cooled flue gases, discharged through line 12, are then admitted into a mixer 14, operating for example by air jets. This mixer 14 is supplied, by a line 16, by means of a cold gas flow. The latter can be introduced into a sheath upstream of the mixer, as shown, or even directly into the mixer 14. The cooled fumes, then mixed, are then directed, via a conduit 18, to a crystallization chamber 20. It is it should be noted that, as a variant, the phase of mixing with the abovementioned cold gas flow can be carried out directly in the crystallization chamber 20. The fumes stay between 3 and 30 seconds, preferably between 7 and 15 seconds in this chamber 20 , so as to allow the pollutants contained in the fumes to crystallize.
Une première fraction des cristaux ainsi formés, qui correspond à ceux dont les dimensions sont les plus importan- tes, est évacuée de la chambre de cristallisation 20, par une ligne 22. Cette dernière est mise en communication avec un diviseur de flux 24, par exemple un cyclone, qui est lui-même en relation, par un conduit 26, avec le mélangeur 14. Une ligne 28 permet l'évacuation de l'autre partie des cristaux, recueillis depuis la chambre de cristallisation 20.A first fraction of the crystals thus formed, which corresponds to those whose dimensions are the most important, is evacuated from the crystallization chamber 20, by a line 22. The latter is placed in communication with a flow divider 24, by for example a cyclone, which is itself connected, via a conduit 26, with the mixer 14. A line 28 allows the discharge of the other part of the crystals, collected from the crystallization chamber 20.
Les fumées séparées de la première fraction de cristaux évoquées ci-dessus sont dirigées, par le conduit 30, en direction d'un séparateur gaz solide 32, qui est par exemple un électro-filtre ou un filtre à manches. Le passage des fumées dans ce dernier provoque une épuration complémentaire, par séparation d'une seconde fraction des cristaux de polluants, formés dans la chambre de cristallisation 20. Cette seconde fraction est évacuée du séparateur 32 par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne 34. Les fumées épurées sont rejetées du séparateur 32 par une ligne 35, et par exemple conduites vers une cheminée non représentée.The fumes separated from the first fraction of crystals mentioned above are directed, through the conduit 30, towards a solid gas separator 32, which is for example an electro-filter or a bag filter. The passage of the fumes in the latter causes additional purification, by separation of a second fraction of the pollutant crystals, formed in the crystallization chamber 20. This second fraction is evacuated from the separator 32 via a line 34. The purified fumes are discharged from the separator 32 by a line 35, and for example led to a chimney not shown.
Selon une première variante de l'invention, représentée à la figure 1, cette seconde fraction de polluants n'est pas recyclée, de sorte que la ligne 34 assure leur évacuation de l'installation. Cette configuration est particulièrement avantageuse, dans le cas où on désire que le produit récupéré par la ligne 28, par exemple des oxyde d'arsenic, soit particulièrement pur. Selon une autre variante illustrée à la figure 2, la deuxième fraction de cristaux, véhiculée par la ligne 34, est dirigée, au moins en partie, vers le diviseur de flux 24, par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit 36. De la sorte, cette deuxième fraction des polluants provenant du séparateur 32 est partiellement recyclée vers le mélangeur 14 et partiellement évacuée par le conduit 26. Cette variante de la figure 2 est avantageuse, dans le cas où les cristaux récupérés par la ligne 22 sont présents en quantité trop faible, pour assurer, une fois recyclés, une nucléation satisfaisante dans la chambre 20. According to a first variant of the invention, shown in Figure 1, this second fraction of pollutants is not recycled, so that the line 34 ensures their evacuation from the installation. This configuration is particularly advantageous, in the case where it is desired that the product recovered by line 28, for example arsenic oxide, be particularly pure. According to another variant illustrated in FIG. 2, the second fraction of crystals, conveyed by the line 34, is directed, at least in part, towards the flow divider 24, via a conduit 36. In this way , this second fraction of the pollutants coming from the separator 32 is partially recycled towards the mixer 14 and partially evacuated by the conduit 26. This variant of FIG. 2 is advantageous, in the case where the crystals recovered by the line 22 are present in too much quantity low, to ensure, once recycled, satisfactory nucleation in chamber 20.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé d'épuration de fumées contenant des polluants condensables, comprenant les étapes suivantes :1. A process for purifying smoke containing condensable pollutants, comprising the following steps:
- on refroidit les fumées, dans une unité de refroidissement (10), jusqu'à une température supérieure à la température de condensation desdits polluants, on trempe (en 14) , en dehors de l'unité de refroidissement (10), les fumées ainsi refroidies au moyen d'un flux gazeux de mélange, dont la température est substantiellement inférieure à celle desdites fumées refroidies, de manière à porter ces dernières au-dessous de la température de condensation desdits polluants, - on fait séjourner, dans une chambre de cristallisation (20), les fumées mélangées au flux gazeux, de façon à faire croître des cristaux desdits polluants condensables,- the fumes are cooled, in a cooling unit (10), to a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of said pollutants, quenching (at 14), outside the cooling unit (10), the fumes thus cooled by means of a gaseous flow of mixture, the temperature of which is substantially lower than that of said cooled flue gases, so as to bring the latter below the condensation temperature of said pollutants, - it is made to stay in a crystallization (20), the fumes mixed with the gas flow, so as to grow crystals of said condensable pollutants,
- on admet (par 30) les fumées provenant de la chambre de cristallisation (20), dans un séparateur (32) de phases solide et gazeuse.- We admit (by 30) the fumes from the crystallization chamber (20), in a separator (32) of solid and gaseous phases.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on recycle au moins partiellement (par 34, 36, 26) des cristaux collectés dans le séparateur (32), de manière à les ajouter au flux gazeux lors de l'étape de trempe des fumées refroidies .2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least partially recycled (par 34, 36, 26) of the crystals collected in the separator (32), so as to add them to the gas flow during the step of quenching of cooled fumes.
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on collecte, dans la chambre de cristallisation (20), une fraction préalable des cristaux, que l'on recycle au moins partiellement (par 22, 26) de manière à les ajouter au flux gazeux lors de l'étape de trempe des fumées refroidies .3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that one collects, in the crystallization chamber (20), a preliminary fraction of the crystals, which one recycles at least partially (by 22, 26) so as to add them to the gas flow during the step of quenching the cooled fumes.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la température de l'unité de refroidissement (10) est comprise entre 150 et 250°C, de préférence entre 180 et 240°C.4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the temperature of the cooling unit (10) is between 150 and 250 ° C, preferably between 180 and 240 ° C.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les fumées refroidies sont mélangées au flux gazeux dans la chambre de cristallisation (20) . 5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cooled fumes are mixed with the gas flow in the crystallization chamber (20).
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la température de la chambre de cristallisation (20) est comprise entre 70 et 150°C, de préférence entre 80 et 130°C. 6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature of the crystallization chamber (20) is between 70 and 150 ° C, preferably between 80 and 130 ° C.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, en vue de la croissance desdits cristaux, le temps de séjour des fumées dans la chambre de cristallisation (20) est compris entre 3 et 30 secondes, de préférence entre 7 et 15 secondes. 7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, with a view to the growth of said crystals, the residence time of the fumes in the crystallization chamber (20) is between 3 and 30 seconds, preferably between 7 and 15 seconds.
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la température du séparateur (32) est supérieure à celle de la chambre de cristallisation (20) , la différence entre ces deux températures pouvant atteindre 10°C. 8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the temperature of the separator (32) is higher than that of the crystallization chamber (20), the difference between these two temperatures can reach 10 ° C.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la température du séparateur (32) est inférieure à celle de la chambre de cristallisation (20), la différence entre ces deux températures pouvant atteindre 10°C. 9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the temperature of the separator (32) is lower than that of the crystallization chamber (20), the difference between these two temperatures can reach 10 ° C.
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les polluants condensables comprennent l'arsenic et/ou un de ses oxydes.10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the condensable pollutants include arsenic and / or one of its oxides.
11. Installation d'épuration des fumées contenant des polluants condensables, comprenant : - des moyens d'amenée (2) des fumées à épurer,11. Installation for purifying fumes containing condensable pollutants, comprising: - means for supplying (2) the fumes to be purified,
- une unité de refroidissement (10) des fumées, mise en relation avec les moyens d'amenée (2) ,- a smoke cooling unit (10), linked to the supply means (2),
- un dispositif de mélange (14) , mis en relation à la fois avec l'unité de refroidissement (10) et avec des moyens d'amenée (16) d'un flux gazeux de mélange, dont la température est substantiellement inférieure à celle des fumées refroidies, évacuées de l'unité de refroidissement,- a mixing device (14), connected both with the cooling unit (10) and with means (16) for supplying a gaseous mixture flow, the temperature of which is substantially lower than that cooled flue gases, discharged from the cooling unit,
- une chambre de cristallisation (20) , mise en communication avec ledit dispositif de mélange (14), - un séparateur (32) de phases solide et gazeuse, mis en relation avec ladite chambre de cristallisation (20) .- a crystallization chamber (20), placed in communication with said mixing device (14), - a separator (32) of solid and gaseous phases, connected to said crystallization chamber (20).
12. Installation selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend des premiers moyens de recyclage (34, 36, 26) , aptes à recycler des cristaux collectés dans le séparateur (32) en direction du dispositif de mélange (14) .12. Installation according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises first recycling means (34, 36, 26), able to recycle crystals collected in the separator (32) in the direction of the mixing device (14).
13. Installation selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des seconds moyens de recyclage (22, 26), aptes à recycler une fraction préalable des cristaux, collectée dans la chambre de cristallation (20) , en direction du dispositif de mélange (14) .13. Installation according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that it comprises second recycling means (22, 26), capable of recycling a prior fraction of the crystals, collected in the crystallization chamber (20), towards the mixing device (14).
14. Installation selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisée en ce que les premiers (34, 36, 26) et/ou seconds (22, 26) moyens de recyclage débouchent dans un diviseur de flux (24), notamment du type centrifuge à effet cyclonique.14. Installation according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the first (34, 36, 26) and / or second (22, 26) recycling means open into a flow divider (24), in particular of the centrifugal type with cyclonic effect.
15. Installation selon l'une des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisée en ce que le séparateur (32) est un filtre à manches ou un électro-filtre. 15. Installation according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the separator (32) is a bag filter or an electro-filter.
PCT/FR2001/000286 2000-01-31 2001-01-30 Method and plant for purifying fumes containing condensable pollutants WO2001054799A1 (en)

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FR00/01220 2000-01-31
FR0001220A FR2804883B1 (en) 2000-01-31 2000-01-31 PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PURIFYING SMOKE CONTAINING CONDENSABLE POLLUTANTS

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US20190388837A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2019-12-26 Dongtai Hi-Tech Equipment Technology Co., Ltd Waste Gas Processing Device, Vacuum Coating System, and Operation Method of Waste Gas processing Device
CN112807921A (en) * 2021-01-30 2021-05-18 成都易态科技有限公司 Mixed gas processing system

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CN112807921B (en) * 2021-01-30 2022-05-13 成都易态科技有限公司 Mixed gas processing system

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