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WO2000016894A1 - Calcium absorbent - Google Patents

Calcium absorbent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000016894A1
WO2000016894A1 PCT/EP1998/005984 EP9805984W WO0016894A1 WO 2000016894 A1 WO2000016894 A1 WO 2000016894A1 EP 9805984 W EP9805984 W EP 9805984W WO 0016894 A1 WO0016894 A1 WO 0016894A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydroxide
soda lime
lithium
alkaline earth
earth metal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/005984
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Harald FÖRSTER
Fatima Asskali
Uwe Warnken
Original Assignee
Foerster Harald
Fatima Asskali
Uwe Warnken
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Foerster Harald, Fatima Asskali, Uwe Warnken filed Critical Foerster Harald
Priority to PCT/EP1998/005984 priority Critical patent/WO2000016894A1/en
Priority to EP98952608A priority patent/EP1115482A1/en
Publication of WO2000016894A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000016894A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/22—Carbon dioxide-absorbing devices ; Other means for removing carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel soda lime composition.
  • “Soda lime” is used in absorbers of anesthetic machines.
  • halogenated anesthetics e.g. Isoflurane, enflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and others have been found to react under certain circumstances, particularly when the soda lime is dry, to react with the usual soda lime, e.g. The release of fluorine can produce carbon monoxide, which leads to massive damage to the patient. It has also already been observed that when using relatively low-water products in the soda lime, an extreme temperature rise occurs, which indicates conversion reactions.
  • Förster and Dudziak (Anaesthesist 46 (1 997), 1 054-1 063) describe that the reaction of dry soda lime with halogenated gas anesthetics is due to the amount of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide in the soda lime.
  • Forster et al. (Anaesthesiologist 46 (1 997), 1 071 -1 075) also describe different reactions of sevoflurane with individual components of the soda lime. It is concluded that the decay reactions of halogenated inhalation anesthetics could be prevented using a newly designed soda lime. However, there is no more concrete information on the composition of such a new soda lime.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a soda lime which, when halogenated anesthetics are used, avoids undesirable changes in these anesthetics and in particular prevents the elimination of fluorine with the formation of carbon monoxide, even in the absence of water.
  • This task is solved by a soda lime that is free of
  • the soda lime according to the invention preferably consists predominantly of calcium hydroxides.
  • the narcotic sevoflurane was heated with alkali hydroxides and with alkaline earth hydroxides.
  • the boiling point of sevoflurane is 58 ° C.
  • the alkali hydroxides the formation of large amounts of decomposition products of sevoflurane could be determined.
  • the reaction of sevoflurane with potassium hydroxide was extremely violent. After initial warming up, the reaction proceeded without further heat addition. The reaction with lithium hydroxide was extremely weak. With the alkaline earth hydroxides (magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide), decomposition products were only detectable to a small extent.
  • reaction with alkaline earth metal hydroxides gave rise to a compound, which is referred to as compound A and was not identified in more detail.
  • the main product of the reaction with alkali hydroxides was methanol, whereas formaldehyde and formic acid have so far not been found to any great extent.
  • the other halogenated hydrocarbons used as gas anesthetics differ from sevoflurane in particular in that they have a significantly lower boiling point.
  • the chain reaction typical of sevoflurane ie the rapid, narrow-area heating of the soda lime to approx. 120 ° C
  • the heat release is accordingly considerably lower, but is also present.
  • a higher stationary concentration of the hydrogen halide is required to trigger the chain reaction. Since the boiling point of sevofluorane is significantly higher than the initial temperature in the soda lime of the absorber, a precipitate can only form on the soda lime when this gas enters the absorber. It's like that assume that with all halogenated gas narcotics, the reaction basis for the formation of undesired compounds is the elimination of hydrogen halide or the substitution of the halogen by a hydroxy group.
  • soda lime which is largely free of potassium hydroxide but also of sodium hydroxide, corresponding reactions are not to be expected or are not expected to be disruptive.
  • a correspondingly composed soda lime (practically free of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide) can accordingly ensure, when used in absorbers of anesthetic machines, that even with artificial drying of the soda lime used, there are no undesirable and harmful substances for the patient from volatile anesthetics based on halogenated hydrocarbons can be formed.
  • composition of soda lime of various commercial products calcium hydroxide 85 to 90%
  • the preparations contain either potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide or both sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
  • the essential feature of the soda lime according to the invention is accordingly that it contains neither sodium hydroxide nor potassium hydroxide.
  • the preferred basis of the new soda lime is calcium hydroxide, to which, for example, barium hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide and / and lithium hydroxide or / and lithium peroxide and optionally silicates or other substances can be added as auxiliaries.
  • the soda lime according to the invention preferably contains> 20% by weight of lithium hydroxide or / and lithium peroxide, particularly preferably> 50% by weight and even more preferably> 70% by weight of lithium hydroxide or / and lithium peroxide.
  • the soda lime consists of lithium hydroxide and / or lithium peroxide and may optionally also contain a lower proportion of alkaline earth metal hydroxides.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a calcium absorbent for anesthesia apparatuses, which is free from potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and primarily consists of alkaline earth hydroxide.

Description

ATEMKALK DEATH LIME
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft eine neuartige Atemkalkzusammensetzung. "Atemkalk" wird in Absorbern von Narkosegeräten verwendet.The invention relates to a novel soda lime composition. "Soda lime" is used in absorbers of anesthetic machines.
Bei Einsatz von halogenierten Narkotika, wie z.B. Isofluran, Enfluran, Desfluran, Sevofluran u.a., hat sich herausgestellt, dass unter bestimmten Umständen, insbesondere wenn der Atemkalk trocken ist, Reaktionen mit dem üblichen Atemkalk auftreten, wobei z.B. durch Fluorabspaltung Kohlenmonoxid entstehen kann, das zu einer massiven Schädigung des Patienten führt. Es wurde auch bereits beobachtet, dass bei Verwendung relativ wasserarmer Produkte im Atemkalk ein extremer Temperaturanstieg auftritt, der auf Umsetzungsreaktionen hindeutet.When using halogenated anesthetics, e.g. Isoflurane, enflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and others have been found to react under certain circumstances, particularly when the soda lime is dry, to react with the usual soda lime, e.g. The release of fluorine can produce carbon monoxide, which leads to massive damage to the patient. It has also already been observed that when using relatively low-water products in the soda lime, an extreme temperature rise occurs, which indicates conversion reactions.
Förster und Dudziak (Anaesthesist 46 ( 1 997), 1 054-1 063) beschreiben, dass die Reaktion von trockenem Atemkalk mit halogenierten Gasanästhetika auf den Gehalt des Atemkalks an Kaliumhydroxid und an Natriumhydroxid zurückzuführen ist. Förster et al. (Anaesthesist 46 ( 1 997), 1 071 -1 075) beschreiben ebenfalls unterschiedliche Reaktionen von Sevofluran mit einzelnen Komponenten des Atemkalks. Es wird gefolgert, dass mittels eines neu zu konzepierenden Atemkalks die Zerfallsreaktionen von halogenierten Inhalationsanästhetika verhindert werden könnten. Konkretere Hinweise auf die Zusammensetzung eines solchen neuen Atemkalks finden sich jedoch nicht.Förster and Dudziak (Anaesthesist 46 (1 997), 1 054-1 063) describe that the reaction of dry soda lime with halogenated gas anesthetics is due to the amount of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide in the soda lime. Forster et al. (Anaesthesiologist 46 (1 997), 1 071 -1 075) also describe different reactions of sevoflurane with individual components of the soda lime. It is concluded that the decay reactions of halogenated inhalation anesthetics could be prevented using a newly designed soda lime. However, there is no more concrete information on the composition of such a new soda lime.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Atemkalk zu schaffen, welcher bei Einsatz von halogenierten Narkotika unerwünschte Veränderungen dieser Narkotika vermeidet und insbesondere Fluorabspaltung unter Bildung von Kohlenmonoxid verhindert und zwar auch in Abwesenheit von Wasser. Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Atemkalk, der frei ist vonThe invention is therefore based on the object of providing a soda lime which, when halogenated anesthetics are used, avoids undesirable changes in these anesthetics and in particular prevents the elimination of fluorine with the formation of carbon monoxide, even in the absence of water. This task is solved by a soda lime that is free of
Natriumhydroxid und Kaliumhydroxid und im wesentlichen ausSodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide and essentially
Erdalkalimetallhydroxiden besteht. Vorzugsweise besteht der erfindungsgemäße Atemkalk überwiegend aus Calciumhydroxiden.Alkaline earth metal hydroxides. The soda lime according to the invention preferably consists predominantly of calcium hydroxides.
Die Erfindung und das zugrundeliegende Problem werden durch die nachstehend beschriebenen Versuche näher erläutert.The invention and the underlying problem are explained in more detail by the experiments described below.
In einer Reaktionsapparatur mit Rückflusskühler wurde das Narkotikum Sevofluran mit Alkalihydroxiden und mit Erdalkalihydroxiden erwärmt. Die Siedetemperatur von Sevofluran beträgt 58°C. Bei Verwendung der Alkalihydroxide konnte das Entstehen von größeren Mengen von Abbauprodukten von Sevofluran festgestellt werden. Darüber hinaus war die Reaktion von Sevofluran mit Kaliumhydroxid außerordentlich heftig. Nach initialer Erwärmung lief die Reaktion ohne weitere Wärmezufuhr weiter. Die Reaktion mit Lithiumhydroxid war außerordentlich schwach ausgeprägt. Auch mit den Erdalkalihydroxiden (Magnesiumhydroxid, Calciumhydroxid und Bariumhydroxid) waren nur in geringem Umfang Zersetzungsprodukte feststellbar. Bei der Reaktion mit Erdalkalihydroxiden entstand vorwiegend eine als Compound A bezeichnete, nicht näher identifizierte Verbindung. Wesentliches Produkt der Reaktion mit Alkalihydroxiden war Methanol, während bislang Formaldehyd und Ameisensäure nicht in größerem Ausmaß gefunden wurden.In a reaction apparatus with a reflux condenser, the narcotic sevoflurane was heated with alkali hydroxides and with alkaline earth hydroxides. The boiling point of sevoflurane is 58 ° C. When using the alkali hydroxides, the formation of large amounts of decomposition products of sevoflurane could be determined. In addition, the reaction of sevoflurane with potassium hydroxide was extremely violent. After initial warming up, the reaction proceeded without further heat addition. The reaction with lithium hydroxide was extremely weak. With the alkaline earth hydroxides (magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide), decomposition products were only detectable to a small extent. The reaction with alkaline earth metal hydroxides gave rise to a compound, which is referred to as compound A and was not identified in more detail. The main product of the reaction with alkali hydroxides was methanol, whereas formaldehyde and formic acid have so far not been found to any great extent.
Als Ursache für die Zersetzung wird die Abspaltung von Flusssäure aus den Halogenwasserstoffen unter dem Einfiuss von Alkalihydroxiden angenommen. Wahrscheinlich ist auch ein Austausch von Fluor gegen Hydroxid. Extrem wirksam ist dabei Kaliumhydroxid, weniger wirksam ist Natriumhydroxid. Lithiumhydroxid und die Erdalkalihydroxide gehen derartige Reaktionen gar nicht oder nur in sehr geringem Umfang ein. Aus Sevofluran entstehen je nach Reaktionslage 1 bis 2 Mol Fluorid pro Mol. Bei extremen Bedingungen können sogar mehr als 2 Mol Fluorid entstehen. Am heftigsten erfolgt die Reaktion auf trockenem Atemkalk, wobei Temperaturen bis 1 20°C erreicht werden können. In Anwesenheit von Wasser (feuchter Atemkalk) erfolgt lediglich eine abgeschwächte Reaktion, wobei vorwiegend Compound A und eine weitere, als Compound B bezeichnete Substanz entstehen. Diese Verbindungen können auch bei ordnungsgemäßer Anwendung um 2 % des durchgeleiteten Sevofluoran ausmachen. Die Anwesenheit von Wasser verhindert insbesondere durch die Verdunstungswärme eine stärkere Erwärmung der Reaktionsmatrix. Bei trockenem Atemkalk entfällt diese Kühlmöglichkeit. Durch die Erhitzung aufgrund der freiwerdenden Reaktionswärme kann eine Kettenreaktion entstehen, die dazu führt, dass das vorhandene Sevofluoran in einer engen Reaktionszone vollständig reagiert, wobei zumindest teilweise ein nichtflüchtiges Reaktionsprodukt entsteht. Die hohe Wärmeentwicklung von ca. 200 bis 300 kg/Mol entsteht möglicherweise durch eine Polymerisation von intermediär gebildeten Fluorethenen (z.B. n-Fluor-lsopropen), Hexafluorisopropanol wurde bei der Reaktion mit Magnesiumhydroxid isoliert. Eine Oxidation als Reaktionsgrundlage ist hingegen weniger wahrscheinlich, da die Reaktion auch unter Sauerstoffausschluss abläuft.The decomposition of hydrofluoric acid from the hydrogen halides under the influence of alkali hydroxides is assumed to be the cause of the decomposition. An exchange of fluorine for hydroxide is also likely. Potassium hydroxide is extremely effective, while sodium hydroxide is less effective. Lithium hydroxide and the alkaline earth metal hydroxides do not undergo such reactions at all or only to a very small extent. Sevoflurane produces 1 to 2 moles of fluoride per mole depending on the reaction situation. Under extreme conditions, even more than 2 moles of fluoride can be formed. The most violent reaction is on dry soda lime, where temperatures up to 1 20 ° C can be reached. In the presence of water (moist soda lime) there is only a weakened reaction, predominantly compound A and a further substance, referred to as compound B, are formed. These compounds can account for 2% of the passed sevofluorane even when used properly. The presence of water prevents the reaction matrix from heating up, particularly due to the heat of evaporation. This cooling option does not apply to dry soda lime. Heating due to the heat of reaction released can result in a chain reaction, which leads to the fact that the sevofluorane present reacts completely in a narrow reaction zone, a non-volatile reaction product being formed at least in part. The high heat development of approx. 200 to 300 kg / mol is possibly caused by a polymerization of intermediate formed fluoroethenes (eg n-fluoro-isopropene). Hexafluoroisopropanol was isolated during the reaction with magnesium hydroxide. Oxidation as the basis for the reaction, on the other hand, is less likely since the reaction also takes place in the absence of oxygen.
Die anderen als Gasnarkotika eingesetzten Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe unterscheiden sich von Sevofluran insbesondere durch einen wesentlich niedrigeren Siedepunkt. Dadurch entsteht offenbar die für Sevofluran typische Kettenreaktion (d.h. das rasche engzonale Aufheizen des Atemkalks auf ca. 1 20°C) nicht. Die Wärmefreisetzung ist dementsprechend erheblich niedriger, jedoch gleichfalls vorhanden. Auch kann es sein, dass für das Auslösen der Kettenreaktion eine höhere stationäre Konzentration des Halogenwasserstoffs erforderlich ist. Da nur bei Sevofluoran der Siedepunkt deutlich höher ist als die initiale Temperatur im Atemkalk des Absorbers kann sich nur bei Eintritt dieses Gases in den Absorber ein Niederschlag auf dem Atemkalk bilden. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass bei allen halogenierten Gasnarkotika die Reaktionsgrundlage für das Entstehen unerwünschter Verbindungen die Abspaltung von Halogenwasserstoff oder die Substitution des Halogens durch eine Hydroxygruppe darstellt.The other halogenated hydrocarbons used as gas anesthetics differ from sevoflurane in particular in that they have a significantly lower boiling point. As a result, the chain reaction typical of sevoflurane (ie the rapid, narrow-area heating of the soda lime to approx. 120 ° C) does not appear. The heat release is accordingly considerably lower, but is also present. It may also be that a higher stationary concentration of the hydrogen halide is required to trigger the chain reaction. Since the boiling point of sevofluorane is significantly higher than the initial temperature in the soda lime of the absorber, a precipitate can only form on the soda lime when this gas enters the absorber. It's like that assume that with all halogenated gas narcotics, the reaction basis for the formation of undesired compounds is the elimination of hydrogen halide or the substitution of the halogen by a hydroxy group.
Als Voraussetzung dafür stellte sich das Vorhandensein insbesondere von Kaliumhydroxid oder auch von Natriumhydroxid heraus. Bei Verwendung eines Atemkalks, der weitgehend frei ist von Kaliumhydroxid aber auch von Natriumhydroxid, sind entsprechende Reaktionen nicht oder nicht in störendem Umfang zu erwarten. Ein entsprechend zusammengesetzter Atemkalk (praktisch frei von Kaliumhydroxid und von Natriumhydroxid) kann dementsprechend bei Anwendung in Absorbern von Narkosegeräten sicherstellen, dass auch bei artefizieller Trocknung des eingesetzten Atemkalks keine unerwünschten und für den Patienten schädliche Substanzen in störendem Umfang aus volatilen Anästhetika auf der Basis von Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen gebildet werden können. Es ist aber zweckmäßig, zusätzlich die Feuchtigkeit des Atemkalkes regelmäßig zu überprüfen, einen Wassergehalt des Atemkalkes sicherzustellen oder bei Anwendung von Bis-Fluorhydroxymethan-haltigen Narkosemitteln auf eine mögliche Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung zu achten.A prerequisite for this was found to be potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. When using soda lime, which is largely free of potassium hydroxide but also of sodium hydroxide, corresponding reactions are not to be expected or are not expected to be disruptive. A correspondingly composed soda lime (practically free of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide) can accordingly ensure, when used in absorbers of anesthetic machines, that even with artificial drying of the soda lime used, there are no undesirable and harmful substances for the patient from volatile anesthetics based on halogenated hydrocarbons can be formed. However, it is advisable to regularly check the moisture of the soda lime, to ensure a water content of the soda lime or to watch out for possible carbon monoxide poisoning when using anesthetics containing bis-fluorohydroxymethane.
Zusammensetzung von Atemkalk verschiedener Handelsprodukte Calciumhydroxid 85 bis 90 %Composition of soda lime of various commercial products calcium hydroxide 85 to 90%
Kaliumhydroxid bis 6 % Natriumhydroxid bis 6 %Potassium hydroxide up to 6% Sodium hydroxide up to 6%
Bariumhydroxid bis 6 %.Barium hydroxide up to 6%.
Keines der handelsüblichen Präparate oder der bei wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen eingesetzten Präparate erwies sich als frei von Kaliumhydroxid und Natriumhydroxid. Die Zubereitungen enthalten entweder Kaliumhydroxid oder Natriumhydroxid oder sowohl Natriumhydroxid wie auch Kaliumhydroxid. Das wesentliche Merkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Atemkalkes besteht dementsprechend darin, dass dieser weder Natriumhydroxid noch Kaliumhydroxid enthält. Bevorzugte Grundlage des neuen Atemkalkes ist Calciumhydroxid, dem z.B. Bariumhydroxid oder/und Magnesiumhydroxid oder/und Lithiumhydroxid oder/und Lithiumperoxid sowie gegebenenfalls Silikate oder andere Substanzen als Hilfsstoffe zugesetzt sein können.None of the commercially available preparations or the preparations used in scientific studies were found to be free of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. The preparations contain either potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide or both sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The essential feature of the soda lime according to the invention is accordingly that it contains neither sodium hydroxide nor potassium hydroxide. The preferred basis of the new soda lime is calcium hydroxide, to which, for example, barium hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide and / and lithium hydroxide or / and lithium peroxide and optionally silicates or other substances can be added as auxiliaries.
Vorzugsweise enthält der erfindungsgemäße Atemkalk > 20 Gew.-% Lithiumhydroxid oder/und Lithiumperoxid, besonders bevorzugt > 50 Gew.- % und noch mehr bevorzugt > 70 Gew.-% Lithiumhydroxid oder/und Lithiumperoxid. Am meisten bevorzugt besteht der Atemkalk aus Lithiumhydroxid oder/und Lithiumperoxid und kann gegebenenfalls zusätzlich einen geringeren Anteil an Erdalkalihydroxiden enthalten. The soda lime according to the invention preferably contains> 20% by weight of lithium hydroxide or / and lithium peroxide, particularly preferably> 50% by weight and even more preferably> 70% by weight of lithium hydroxide or / and lithium peroxide. Most preferably, the soda lime consists of lithium hydroxide and / or lithium peroxide and may optionally also contain a lower proportion of alkaline earth metal hydroxides.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Atemkalk für die Verwendung in Narkosegeräten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er frei ist von Kaliumhydroxid und Natriumhydroxid und überwiegend aus Erdalkalihydroxid oder/und Lithiumhydroxid oder/und Lithiumperoxid besteht, mit der Maßgabe, daß der Atemkalk nicht Caiciumhydroxid ist oder die Zusammensetzung 80 : 20 Caiciumhydroxid : Bariumhydroxid hat.1 . Soda lime for use in anesthesia machines, characterized in that it is free from potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and mainly consists of alkaline earth hydroxide and / or lithium hydroxide or / and lithium peroxide, with the proviso that the soda lime is not calcium hydroxide or the composition 80:20 calcium hydroxide: Has barium hydroxide.
2. Atemkalk nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet dass er überwiegend aus Caiciumhydroxid besteht mit einem geringeren Anteil an anderen Erdalkalihydroxiden oder/und2. soda lime according to claim 1, characterized in that it mainly consists of calcium hydroxide with a lower proportion of other alkaline earth metal hydroxides or / and
Lithiumhydroxid oder/und Lithiumperoxid.Lithium hydroxide and / or lithium peroxide.
3. Atemkalk nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die anderen Erdalkalihydroxide aus Magnesiumhydroxid oder/und Bariumhydroxid bestehen.3. soda lime according to claim 2, characterized in that the other alkaline earth metal hydroxides consist of magnesium hydroxide and / or barium hydroxide.
4. Atemkalk nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er mindestens 20 % Lithiumhydroxid oder/und Lithiumperoxid enthält.4. soda lime according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least 20% lithium hydroxide and / or lithium peroxide.
5. Atemkalk nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er aus Lithiumhydroxid oder/und Lihtiumperoxid besteht.5. soda lime according to claim 4, characterized in that it consists of lithium hydroxide and / or Lihtiumperoxid.
6. Atemkalk nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er zusätzlich einen geringeren Anteil an Erdalkalihydroxiden enthält.6. soda lime according to claim 5, characterized in that it additionally contains a lower proportion of alkaline earth metal hydroxides.
7. Atemkalk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er zusätzlich Hilfsstoffe, insbesondere Silikate enthält.7. soda lime according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally contains auxiliary substances, in particular silicates.
8. Verfahren zur Verringerung von durch Atemkalk hervorgerufenen Veränderungen halogenierter Narkotika in Narkoseverfahren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man einen Atemkalk verwendet, welcher frei ist von Kaliumhydroxid und Natriumhydroxid und überwiegend aus Erdalkalihydroxid oder/und Lithiumhydroxid oder/und Lithiumperoxid besteht.8. A method for reducing changes in halogenated anesthetics caused by soda lime in anesthetic procedures, characterized in that an soda lime is used which is free of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and consists predominantly of alkaline earth metal hydroxide and / or lithium hydroxide and / or lithium peroxide.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das halogenierte Narkotikum Sevofluran ist.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the halogenated narcotic is sevoflurane.
1 0. Verwendung eines Atemkalks, der frei ist von Kaliumhydroxid und Natriumhydroxid und überwiegend aus Erdalkalihydroxid oder/und Lithiumhydroxid oder/und Lithiumperoxid besteht zur Verringerung von durch Atemkalk hervorgerufenen Veränderungen halogenierter Narkotika. 1 0. Use of soda lime that is free of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and mainly consists of alkaline earth hydroxide and / or lithium hydroxide and / or lithium peroxide to reduce changes in halogenated narcotics caused by soda lime.
PCT/EP1998/005984 1998-09-18 1998-09-18 Calcium absorbent WO2000016894A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

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WO2001045837A1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-28 Chemetall Gmbh Method for dry absorption of co2 in anaesthetic apparatuses
EP2099560A1 (en) * 2006-12-26 2009-09-16 Allied Healthcare Products, Inc. Carbon dioxide absorbent

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US2322206A (en) * 1942-12-16 1943-06-22 Edison Inc Thomas A Gas absorbent and method for preparing the same
US3489693A (en) * 1967-04-03 1970-01-13 Automatic Sprinkler Corp Carbon dioxide absorbent
US3923057A (en) * 1974-06-20 1975-12-02 Einstein Coll Med Anesthesia delivery system
EP0530731A1 (en) * 1991-09-03 1993-03-10 Central Glass Company, Limited Absorption of carbon dioxide gas contained in exhalation of inhalation anesthetic subject
WO1998023370A1 (en) * 1996-11-25 1998-06-04 Armstrong Medical Limited Carbon dioxide absorbent in anaesthesiology

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US2322206A (en) * 1942-12-16 1943-06-22 Edison Inc Thomas A Gas absorbent and method for preparing the same
US3489693A (en) * 1967-04-03 1970-01-13 Automatic Sprinkler Corp Carbon dioxide absorbent
US3923057A (en) * 1974-06-20 1975-12-02 Einstein Coll Med Anesthesia delivery system
EP0530731A1 (en) * 1991-09-03 1993-03-10 Central Glass Company, Limited Absorption of carbon dioxide gas contained in exhalation of inhalation anesthetic subject
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001045837A1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-28 Chemetall Gmbh Method for dry absorption of co2 in anaesthetic apparatuses
EP2099560A1 (en) * 2006-12-26 2009-09-16 Allied Healthcare Products, Inc. Carbon dioxide absorbent
EP2099560A4 (en) * 2006-12-26 2012-01-25 Allied Healthcare Prod Carbon dioxide absorbent

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