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WO1999033594A1 - Wheel rim and method for producing same - Google Patents

Wheel rim and method for producing same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999033594A1
WO1999033594A1 PCT/US1998/027853 US9827853W WO9933594A1 WO 1999033594 A1 WO1999033594 A1 WO 1999033594A1 US 9827853 W US9827853 W US 9827853W WO 9933594 A1 WO9933594 A1 WO 9933594A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hoop
wheel rim
opposed ends
produce
wheel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/027853
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Garth Lawrence
Original Assignee
Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc. filed Critical Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc.
Priority to AU20232/99A priority Critical patent/AU2023299A/en
Publication of WO1999033594A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999033594A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
    • B60B3/002—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body characterised by the shape of the disc
    • B60B3/005—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body characterised by the shape of the disc in the section adjacent to rim
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
    • B21D53/30—Making other particular articles wheels or the like wheel rims
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B21/00—Rims
    • B60B21/02—Rims characterised by transverse section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B21/00—Rims
    • B60B21/02—Rims characterised by transverse section
    • B60B21/023—Rims characterised by transverse section the transverse section being non-symmetrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B21/00—Rims
    • B60B21/02—Rims characterised by transverse section
    • B60B21/026—Rims characterised by transverse section the shape of rim well
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B25/00—Rims built-up of several main parts ; Locking means for the rim parts
    • B60B25/002—Rims split in circumferential direction
    • B60B25/004—Rims split in circumferential direction one rim part comprising the wheel disc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
    • B60B3/02—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body integral with rim
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
    • B60B3/04—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body not integral with rim, i.e. disc body and rim being manufactured independently and then permanently attached to each other in a second step, e.g. by welding
    • B60B3/041—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body not integral with rim, i.e. disc body and rim being manufactured independently and then permanently attached to each other in a second step, e.g. by welding characterised by the attachment of rim to wheel disc
    • B60B3/044—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body not integral with rim, i.e. disc body and rim being manufactured independently and then permanently attached to each other in a second step, e.g. by welding characterised by the attachment of rim to wheel disc characterised by cross-sectional details of the attachment, e.g. the profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to vehicle wheels and in particular to an improved wheel rim and method for producing the same.
  • the method includes the steps of: (a) providing a flat sheet of suitable material, such as steel or aluminum; (b) forming the sheet into a cylindrical hoop or band; (c) securing the ends of the hoop together by a butt welding process; (d) flaring the lateral edges of the hoop radially outwardly to produce a rim preform having flanges suitable for positioning on a roll forming machine: (e) subjecting the rim preform to a series of roll forming operations to produce a wheel rim having a predetermined shape; and (f) expanding the wheel rim to produce a finished wheel rim having a predetermined circumference.
  • This invention relates to an improved wheel rim and method for producing the same.
  • the wheel rim of the present invention is produced using a blank which has been formed into a hoop and having the opposed ends thereof joined together using a friction stir welding process.
  • the method for producing the wheel rim of the present invention includes the steps of: (a) providing a flat blank of material having a pair of opposed ends; (b) providing a chamfer in the opposed ends of the flat blank; (c) positioning the opposed ends of the blank adjacent one another to form a generally cylindrical hoop; (d) providing a pair of flats on the hoop in the region where the opposed ends meet; (e) joining the flattened opposed ends of the hoop together using a friction stir welding process; and (f) subjecting the hoop to one or more metal forming processes in order to produce a desired wheel rim.
  • the use of the friction stir welding process to join the ends of the hoop together is more controllable, simpler, and uses less energy than the .known butt welding process typically used to produce a prior art wheel rim.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a first sequence of steps for producing a first embodiment of a wheel rim for use in a vehicle wheel in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a rim blank for use in producing the first embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the rim blank formed into a hoop for use in producing the first embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 A is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the hoop shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the hoop which is welded together for use in producing the first embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view showing the expanding of the hoop in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view showing the flaring of the hoop into a wheel rim preform in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view showing the initial metal forming of the hoop into a partially formed wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view showing the intermediate metal forming of the partially formed wheel rim in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view showing the final metal forming of the partially formed wheel rim in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross sectional view showing the expanding of the wheel rim to produce the wheel rim in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a partial sectional view of a finished full face fabricated vehicle wheel constructed using the first embodiment of the wheel rim produced in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a second sequence of steps for producing a second embodiment of a wheel rim for use in a vehicle wheel using a friction stir welding process in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a rim blank having chamfered ends for use in producing the second embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the rim blank having flattened end portions for use in producing the first embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the rim blank formed into a hoop for use in producing the second embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a portion of the hoop which is welded together for use in producing the second embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a partial sectional view of a finished ledge welded vehicle wheel constructed using the second embodiment of the wheel rim produced in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 18 is a partial cross sectional view of a finished well attached vehicle wheel constructed using a third alternate embodiment of a wheel rim produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 19 is a partial cross sectional view of a finished bead seat attached vehicle wheel constructed using a fourth alternate embodiment of a wheel rim produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 20 is a partial cross sectional view of a finished full face modular vehicle wheel constructed using a fifth alternate embodiment of a wheel rim produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 a block diagram showing a first sequence of steps for producing a vehicle wheel 100, such as shown in Fig. 11, and which incorporates a first embodiment of a wheel rim, indicated generally at 58, constructed in accordance with this invention.
  • the vehicle wheel 100 is a mil face fabricated type of vehicle wheel which is typically found on a passenger car or light truck.
  • a flat sheet or blank 30 of suitable material such as for example, steel, aluminum or alloys thereof, shown in Fig. 2 and having opposed ends 30A and 3 OB, is formed into a generally cylindrical hoop or band 32 shown in Fig. 3.
  • step 12 the hoop 32 is welded using a friction stir welding process.
  • the hoop 32 is supported on a fixture (not shown) and a rotating tool 34 of a friction stir weld tool is used to form a weld 36 which is effective to secure the ends 30A and 3 OB of the hoop 32 together and thereby produce a welded hoop 38, partially shown in Fig. 4.
  • a friction stir welding process is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,460,317 to Thomas et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a groove or chamfer 30C and 30D is provided in a lower portion of the respective ends 30A and 3 OB of the flat sheet of material 30 so that when the ends 30A and 30B are placed adjacent one another, the chamfers 30C and 30D cooperate to form a generally inverted V- shaped annular groove 30E in the lower portion thereof, shown in Fig. 3 A.
  • the hoop 38 is expanded in step 14 to produce a substantially cylindrical hoop 40 shown in Fig. 5.
  • the hoop 40 extends a predetermined axial length X, includes an inner surface 40A which defines an inner diameter Dl and an outer surface 40B which defines an outer diameter D2, and includes a substantially uniform first thickness T throughout its entire axial length X.
  • the hoop 40 can be other than illustrated if desired.
  • the hoop 40 can be of varying thicknesses as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,832,609 to Jansen, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • an end of the hoop 40 is flared upwardly as to produce a wheel rim preform 42 shown in Fig. 6.
  • the wheel rim preform 42 is subjected to a series of metal forming operations, as shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, to progressively produce variable thickness wheel rims 44, 46, and 48, respectively.
  • the metal forming operations of steps 18, 20, and 22 include subjecting the wheel rim preform 42 to a series of roll forming operations since tighter tolerances can be maintained in the wheel rim 48.
  • other metal forming operations can be used in one or more of the steps 18, 20, and 22 to progressively produce the wheel rim 48.
  • the wheel rim preform 42 can be subjected to foiward or reverse flow spinning operations, pressing operations, or any suitable combinations of roll forming, flow spinning, and pressing operations which are operative to cause deformation, reshaping, and/or thinning of the metal to produce a variable thickness wheel rim having 48 having a desired profile.
  • the welded hoop 40 can be used to produce a generally uniform or constant thickness wheel rim, indicated generally at 158 in Fig. 17, which is illustrated as being joined to a wheel disc 170 to produce a vehicle wheel 200, which is illustrated as being a "ledge welded" vehicle wheel which is typically used on a medium or heavy duty truck.
  • the wheel rim 48 includes an inboard tire bead seat retaining flange 50, an inboard tire bead seat 52, a generally axially extending well 54, and an outboard tire bead seat 56.
  • the wheel rim 48 is expanded to produce a finished wheel rim 58.
  • the finished wheel rim 58 defines a finished wheel rim axial length XI .
  • the axial length XI of the finished wheel rim 58 is greater than the axial length X of the hoop 40.
  • the axial length X of the hoop 40 and the axial length XI of the finished wheel rim 58 can be other than illustrated.
  • the axial length XI of the finished wheel rim 58 can be equal to or less than the axial length X of the hoop 40.
  • the finished wheel rim 58 is secured to a preformed full face wheel disc 60 by a weld 80 to produce the finished full face fabricated vehicle wheel 100, shown in Fig. 11.
  • the wheel disc 60 includes a central mounting portion 62, an intermediate bowl-shaped portion 64, and an outer annular portion 66 which defines an outboard tire bead seat retaining flange 68 of the full face fabricated vehicle wheel 100.
  • the wheel disc 60 can be formed from a suitable material, such as for example, steel, aluminum or alloys thereof.
  • a block diagram showing a second sequence of steps for producing a vehicle wheel 200 such as shown in Fig. 17, and which incorporates a second embodiment of a wheel rim, indicated generally at 158, constructed in accordance with this invention.
  • the vehicle wheel 200 is a fabricated truck type of vehicle wheel.
  • opposed ends 132 and 134 of a flat sheet or blank 130 of suitable material such as for example, steel, aluminum or alloys thereof, are provided with chamfers 132A and 134A, respectively, as shown in Fig. 13.
  • step 112 the opposed ends 132 and 134 are provided with "flattened" portions 136 and 138, respectively, shown in Fig. 14.
  • the term flattened portion means a portion of the blank 130 which is oriented at a predetermined angle relative to the remainder of the generally planar surface of the blank 130.
  • the opposed ends 132 and 134 are positioned adjacent one another so as to form the blank 130 into a generally cylindrical hoop or band 142 shown in Fig. 15.
  • the hoop 142 is welded using a friction stir welding process.
  • the hoop 142 is supported on a fixture (not shown) and a rotating tool 144 of a friction stir weld tool is used to form a weld 146 which is effective to secure the ends 132 and 134 of the hoop 142 together and thereby produce a welded hoop 148, partially shown in Fig. 16.
  • the chamfered ends 132 A and 134A cooperate to define a generally inverted V-shaped opening or recess in lower portion of the hoop 142 which is effective to provide complete penetration of the friction stir weld 146.
  • Fig. 16 the chamfered ends 132 A and 134A cooperate to define a generally inverted V-shaped opening or recess in lower portion of the hoop 142 which is effective to provide complete penetration of the friction stir weld 146.
  • the flattened portions 136 and 138 of the hoop 142 extend a predetermined distance X2 and X3, respectively, relative to ends 132 and 134 thereof.
  • the distance X2 and X3 are generally equal to one another.
  • the distances X2 and X3 can be other than illustrated if desired.
  • the hoop 142 is expanded in step 1 18, flared in step 120, subjected to a series of metal forming operations in steps 122, 124, and 126, and expanded in step 128 to produce the generally constant thickness truck style wheel rim 158, shown in Fig. 17.
  • the finished wheel rim 158 is secured to a preformed wheel disc 170 by a weld 180 to produce the finished ledge welded truck style vehicle wheel 200, shown in Fig. 17.
  • the wheel rim 158 includes an inboard tire bead seat retaining flange 160, an inboard tire bead seat 162, a well 164, an outboard tire bead seat 166, and an outboard tire bead seat retaining flange 168.
  • the wheel disc 170 includes a central mounting portion 172 and an outer annular portion 174.
  • the wheel disc 170 can be formed from a suitable material, such as for example, steel, aluminum or alloys thereof.
  • the present invention has been illustrated and described as forming a variable thickness wheel rim 58 for use in a full face fabricated vehicle wheel 100, and a constant thickness wheel rim 158 for use in a ledge welded vehicle wheel 200, the present invention can be practiced to form an associated wheel rim for use in other types of wheels.
  • the present invention can be practiced to produce a wheel rim 210, which is secured to a preformed wheel disc 212 to produce a well-attached fabricated vehicle wheel 214.
  • the present invention can be practiced to produce a wheel rim 220, which is secured to a preformed wheel disc 224 to produce a bead seat attached fabricated vehicle wheel 224.
  • the present invention can be practiced to produce a partial wheel rim 230, which is secured to a cast full face wheel disc 232 to produce a full face modular vehicle wheel 234.
  • One advantage of the present invention is that the friction stir welding process is more controllable than the prior art current butt welding process that is used to form the prior art welded hoop. Also, using the friction stir welding to weld the ends of the hoop together in accordance with the present invention is simpler and uses less energy than the .known prior art butt welding process typically used to weld the ends together of the prior art welded hoop used in making the prior art wheel rim.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

An improved wheel rim and method for producing the same using a rim blank which has been formed into a hoop and joined together by a friction stir welding process is disclosed. The method for producing the wheel rim of the present invention includes the steps of: (a) providing a flat blank of material having a pair of opposed ends; (b) providing a chamfer in the opposed ends of the flat blank; (c) positioning the opposed ends of the blank adjacent one another to form a generally cylindrical hoop; (d) providing a pair of flats on the hoop in the region where the opposed ends meet; (e) joining the flattened opposed ends of the hoop together using a friction stir welding process; and (f) subjecting the hoop to one or more metal forming processes in order to produce a desire wheel rim.

Description

TITLE
WHEEL RIM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/070,023, filed December 30, 1997.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates in general to vehicle wheels and in particular to an improved wheel rim and method for producing the same.
A typical sequence of steps which can be used to produce a wheel rim for a vehicle wheel is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,185,370 to Evans. As shown in this patent, the method includes the steps of: (a) providing a flat sheet of suitable material, such as steel or aluminum; (b) forming the sheet into a cylindrical hoop or band; (c) securing the ends of the hoop together by a butt welding process; (d) flaring the lateral edges of the hoop radially outwardly to produce a rim preform having flanges suitable for positioning on a roll forming machine: (e) subjecting the rim preform to a series of roll forming operations to produce a wheel rim having a predetermined shape; and (f) expanding the wheel rim to produce a finished wheel rim having a predetermined circumference.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to an improved wheel rim and method for producing the same. The wheel rim of the present invention is produced using a blank which has been formed into a hoop and having the opposed ends thereof joined together using a friction stir welding process. The method for producing the wheel rim of the present invention includes the steps of: (a) providing a flat blank of material having a pair of opposed ends; (b) providing a chamfer in the opposed ends of the flat blank; (c) positioning the opposed ends of the blank adjacent one another to form a generally cylindrical hoop; (d) providing a pair of flats on the hoop in the region where the opposed ends meet; (e) joining the flattened opposed ends of the hoop together using a friction stir welding process; and (f) subjecting the hoop to one or more metal forming processes in order to produce a desired wheel rim. The use of the friction stir welding process to join the ends of the hoop together is more controllable, simpler, and uses less energy than the .known butt welding process typically used to produce a prior art wheel rim.
Other advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, when read in light of the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a first sequence of steps for producing a first embodiment of a wheel rim for use in a vehicle wheel in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a rim blank for use in producing the first embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the rim blank formed into a hoop for use in producing the first embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 A is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the hoop shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the hoop which is welded together for use in producing the first embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view showing the expanding of the hoop in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view showing the flaring of the hoop into a wheel rim preform in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view showing the initial metal forming of the hoop into a partially formed wheel rim in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view showing the intermediate metal forming of the partially formed wheel rim in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view showing the final metal forming of the partially formed wheel rim in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 10 is a cross sectional view showing the expanding of the wheel rim to produce the wheel rim in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 11 is a partial sectional view of a finished full face fabricated vehicle wheel constructed using the first embodiment of the wheel rim produced in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a second sequence of steps for producing a second embodiment of a wheel rim for use in a vehicle wheel using a friction stir welding process in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a rim blank having chamfered ends for use in producing the second embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the rim blank having flattened end portions for use in producing the first embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the rim blank formed into a hoop for use in producing the second embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a portion of the hoop which is welded together for use in producing the second embodiment of the wheel rim in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a partial sectional view of a finished ledge welded vehicle wheel constructed using the second embodiment of the wheel rim produced in accordance with this invention. Fig. 18 is a partial cross sectional view of a finished well attached vehicle wheel constructed using a third alternate embodiment of a wheel rim produced in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a partial cross sectional view of a finished bead seat attached vehicle wheel constructed using a fourth alternate embodiment of a wheel rim produced in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a partial cross sectional view of a finished full face modular vehicle wheel constructed using a fifth alternate embodiment of a wheel rim produced in accordance with the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated in Fig. 1 a block diagram showing a first sequence of steps for producing a vehicle wheel 100, such as shown in Fig. 11, and which incorporates a first embodiment of a wheel rim, indicated generally at 58, constructed in accordance with this invention. As shown in this embodiment, the vehicle wheel 100 is a mil face fabricated type of vehicle wheel which is typically found on a passenger car or light truck. Initially in step 10, a flat sheet or blank 30 of suitable material, such as for example, steel, aluminum or alloys thereof, shown in Fig. 2 and having opposed ends 30A and 3 OB, is formed into a generally cylindrical hoop or band 32 shown in Fig. 3. Next, in step 12, the hoop 32 is welded using a friction stir welding process. To accomplish this, the hoop 32 is supported on a fixture (not shown) and a rotating tool 34 of a friction stir weld tool is used to form a weld 36 which is effective to secure the ends 30A and 3 OB of the hoop 32 together and thereby produce a welded hoop 38, partially shown in Fig. 4. Such a friction stir welding process is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,460,317 to Thomas et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Preferably, in order to provide complete penetration of the friction stir weld 36, a groove or chamfer 30C and 30D is provided in a lower portion of the respective ends 30A and 3 OB of the flat sheet of material 30 so that when the ends 30A and 30B are placed adjacent one another, the chamfers 30C and 30D cooperate to form a generally inverted V- shaped annular groove 30E in the lower portion thereof, shown in Fig. 3 A. Following this, the hoop 38 is expanded in step 14 to produce a substantially cylindrical hoop 40 shown in Fig. 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the hoop 40 extends a predetermined axial length X, includes an inner surface 40A which defines an inner diameter Dl and an outer surface 40B which defines an outer diameter D2, and includes a substantially uniform first thickness T throughout its entire axial length X. Alternatively, the hoop 40 can be other than illustrated if desired. For example, the hoop 40 can be of varying thicknesses as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,832,609 to Jansen, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Next, in step 16, an end of the hoop 40 is flared upwardly as to produce a wheel rim preform 42 shown in Fig. 6. Following this, in steps 18, 20, and 22, the wheel rim preform 42 is subjected to a series of metal forming operations, as shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, to progressively produce variable thickness wheel rims 44, 46, and 48, respectively. Preferably, the metal forming operations of steps 18, 20, and 22 include subjecting the wheel rim preform 42 to a series of roll forming operations since tighter tolerances can be maintained in the wheel rim 48. Alternatively, other metal forming operations can be used in one or more of the steps 18, 20, and 22 to progressively produce the wheel rim 48. For example, the wheel rim preform 42 can be subjected to foiward or reverse flow spinning operations, pressing operations, or any suitable combinations of roll forming, flow spinning, and pressing operations which are operative to cause deformation, reshaping, and/or thinning of the metal to produce a variable thickness wheel rim having 48 having a desired profile. Also, as will be discussed below, the welded hoop 40 can be used to produce a generally uniform or constant thickness wheel rim, indicated generally at 158 in Fig. 17, which is illustrated as being joined to a wheel disc 170 to produce a vehicle wheel 200, which is illustrated as being a "ledge welded" vehicle wheel which is typically used on a medium or heavy duty truck.
As shown in Fig. 9, the wheel rim 48 includes an inboard tire bead seat retaining flange 50, an inboard tire bead seat 52, a generally axially extending well 54, and an outboard tire bead seat 56. Next, in step 24, the wheel rim 48 is expanded to produce a finished wheel rim 58. The finished wheel rim 58 defines a finished wheel rim axial length XI . In the illustrated embodiment, the axial length XI of the finished wheel rim 58 is greater than the axial length X of the hoop 40. Alternatively, the axial length X of the hoop 40 and the axial length XI of the finished wheel rim 58 can be other than illustrated. For example, depending upon the particular structures of the rim blank 30 and the wheel rim 58, the axial length XI of the finished wheel rim 58 can be equal to or less than the axial length X of the hoop 40. In step 26, the finished wheel rim 58 is secured to a preformed full face wheel disc 60 by a weld 80 to produce the finished full face fabricated vehicle wheel 100, shown in Fig. 11. As shown therein, the wheel disc 60 includes a central mounting portion 62, an intermediate bowl-shaped portion 64, and an outer annular portion 66 which defines an outboard tire bead seat retaining flange 68 of the full face fabricated vehicle wheel 100. The wheel disc 60 can be formed from a suitable material, such as for example, steel, aluminum or alloys thereof.
Referring now to Fig. 12, there is illustrated a block diagram showing a second sequence of steps for producing a vehicle wheel 200, such as shown in Fig. 17, and which incorporates a second embodiment of a wheel rim, indicated generally at 158, constructed in accordance with this invention. As shown in this embodiment, the vehicle wheel 200 is a fabricated truck type of vehicle wheel. Initially in step 110, opposed ends 132 and 134 of a flat sheet or blank 130 of suitable material, such as for example, steel, aluminum or alloys thereof, are provided with chamfers 132A and 134A, respectively, as shown in Fig. 13. Next, in step 112, the opposed ends 132 and 134 are provided with "flattened" portions 136 and 138, respectively, shown in Fig. 14. As used herein, the term flattened portion means a portion of the blank 130 which is oriented at a predetermined angle relative to the remainder of the generally planar surface of the blank 130. In step 1 14, the opposed ends 132 and 134 are positioned adjacent one another so as to form the blank 130 into a generally cylindrical hoop or band 142 shown in Fig. 15. Next, in step 1 16, the hoop 142 is welded using a friction stir welding process. To accomplish this, the hoop 142 is supported on a fixture (not shown) and a rotating tool 144 of a friction stir weld tool is used to form a weld 146 which is effective to secure the ends 132 and 134 of the hoop 142 together and thereby produce a welded hoop 148, partially shown in Fig. 16. As shown in Fig. 16, the chamfered ends 132 A and 134A cooperate to define a generally inverted V-shaped opening or recess in lower portion of the hoop 142 which is effective to provide complete penetration of the friction stir weld 146. Also, as shown in Fig. 16, the flattened portions 136 and 138 of the hoop 142 extend a predetermined distance X2 and X3, respectively, relative to ends 132 and 134 thereof. In the illustrated embodiment, the distance X2 and X3 are generally equal to one another. However, the distances X2 and X3 can be other than illustrated if desired.
Following this, the hoop 142 is expanded in step 1 18, flared in step 120, subjected to a series of metal forming operations in steps 122, 124, and 126, and expanded in step 128 to produce the generally constant thickness truck style wheel rim 158, shown in Fig. 17. Next, in step 130, the finished wheel rim 158 is secured to a preformed wheel disc 170 by a weld 180 to produce the finished ledge welded truck style vehicle wheel 200, shown in Fig. 17. As shown therein, the wheel rim 158 includes an inboard tire bead seat retaining flange 160, an inboard tire bead seat 162, a well 164, an outboard tire bead seat 166, and an outboard tire bead seat retaining flange 168. The wheel disc 170 includes a central mounting portion 172 and an outer annular portion 174. The wheel disc 170 can be formed from a suitable material, such as for example, steel, aluminum or alloys thereof. While the present invention has been illustrated and described as forming a variable thickness wheel rim 58 for use in a full face fabricated vehicle wheel 100, and a constant thickness wheel rim 158 for use in a ledge welded vehicle wheel 200, the present invention can be practiced to form an associated wheel rim for use in other types of wheels. For example, as shown in Fig. 18, the present invention can be practiced to produce a wheel rim 210, which is secured to a preformed wheel disc 212 to produce a well-attached fabricated vehicle wheel 214. Also, as shown in Fig. 19, the present invention can be practiced to produce a wheel rim 220, which is secured to a preformed wheel disc 224 to produce a bead seat attached fabricated vehicle wheel 224. In addition, as shown in Fig. 20, the present invention can be practiced to produce a partial wheel rim 230, which is secured to a cast full face wheel disc 232 to produce a full face modular vehicle wheel 234.
One advantage of the present invention is that the friction stir welding process is more controllable than the prior art current butt welding process that is used to form the prior art welded hoop. Also, using the friction stir welding to weld the ends of the hoop together in accordance with the present invention is simpler and uses less energy than the .known prior art butt welding process typically used to weld the ends together of the prior art welded hoop used in making the prior art wheel rim.
In accordance with the provisions of the patents statues, the principle and mode of operation of this invention have been described and illustrated in its preferred embodiments. However, it must be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically explained and illustrated without departing from the scope or spirit of the attached claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A method for forming a hoop comprising the steps of: (a) providing a flat blank of material having a pair of opposed ends; (b) positioning the opposed ends of the flat blank adjacent one another to form a generally cylindrical hoop; and
(c) joining the flattened opposed ends of the hoop together by a friction stir welding process.
2. The method according to Claim 1 and prior to step (c) the step of forming a pair of flats on the hoop in the region where the opposed ends meet.
3. The method according to Claim 1 and prior to step (c) the step providing a chamfer in the opposed ends of the flat blank, the chamfer in the opposed ends of the flat blank cooperates to define a generally inverted V-shaped opening in the hoop.
4. The method according to Claim 1 and subsequent to step (c) the step of subjecting the hoop to one or more metal forming processes in order to produce a wheel rim having a desired shape.
5. The method according to Claim 4 wherein the hoop is subjected to a series of roll forming operations.
6. The method according to Claim 4 wherein the hoop is subjected to a series of flow spinning operations.
7. The method according to Claim 4 wherein the hoop is subjected to a series of flow spinning and roll forming operations.
8. The method according to Claim 4 wherein the metal forming processes are operative to produce a wheel rim having a generally uniform thickness.
9. The method according to Clam 4 wherein the wheel rim includes at least an inboard tire bead seat retaining flange, an inboard tire bead seat, a well, and an outboard tire bead seat.
10. A method for forming a wheel rim comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a flat blank of material having a pair of opposed ends;
(b) forming a chamfer in the opposed ends of the flat blank; (c) positioning the opposed ends of the blank adjacent one another to foim a generally cylindrical hoop;
(d) forming a pair of flats on the hoop in the region where the opposed ends meet;
(e) joining the flattened opposed ends of the hoop together using a friction stir welding process; and
(f) subjecting the hoop to one or more metal forming processes in order to produce a desired wheel rim.
11. The method according to Claim 10 wherein the flat on one end of the hoop extends a first predetermined distance and the flat on an opposite end of the hoop extends a second predetermined distance which is generally the same as the first predetermined distance.
12. The method according to Claim 10 wherein the metal forming processes of step (f) are operative to produce a generally uniform thickness wheel rim.
13. The method according to Claim 10 wherein during step (f) the hoop is subjected to a series of roll forming operations.
14. The method according to Claim 10 wherein during step (f) the hoop is subjected to a series of flow spinning operations.
15. The method according to Claim 10 wherein during step (f) the hoop is subjected to a series of flow spinning and roll forming operations.
16. The method according to Claim 10 wherein during step (f) the metal forming processes are operative to produce a wheel rim having a generally uniform thickness.
17. The method according to Claim 10 wherein the wheel rim includes at least an inboard tire bead seat retaining flange, an inboard tire bead seat, a well, and an outboard tire bead seat.
18. The method according to Claim 10 and further including the step of securing the wheel rim to a preformed wheel disc to produce a vehicle wheel.
19. A hoop adapted for use in producing a wheel rim for use in a vehicle wheel comprising: a generally cylindrical hoop formed from a generally flat blank having opposed ends thereof joined together by a friction stir welding process.
20. The hoop defined in Claim 19 wherein said hoop includes a pair of flats formed therein in a region wherein said opposed ends meet
21. The hoop defined in Claim 19 wherein said hoop includes a chamfer in said opposed ends, said chamfer in said opposed ends adapted to define a generally inverted V-shaped opening in a lower portion of said hoop which is effective to provide complete penetration of the weld.
PCT/US1998/027853 1997-12-30 1998-12-30 Wheel rim and method for producing same WO1999033594A1 (en)

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US6352193B1 (en) 2000-08-01 2002-03-05 General Electric Company Apparatus for joining electrically conductive materials
US6607119B2 (en) * 1999-03-24 2003-08-19 Framatome Anp Gmbh Method and apparatus for welding two work pieces
US6648206B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2003-11-18 Tracey W. Nelson Friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
WO2004052585A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-24 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing cylindrical body, friction stir welding method, and friction stir welding device
US6785962B2 (en) * 2002-05-23 2004-09-07 Hayes Lemmerz International Method for producing a full face fabricated vehicle wheel
US7225968B2 (en) 2003-08-04 2007-06-05 Sii Megadiamond, Inc. Crack repair using friction stir welding on materials including metal matrix composites, ferrous alloys, non-ferrous alloys, and superalloys
US7270257B2 (en) 2003-01-30 2007-09-18 Sii Megadiamond, Inc. Out-of-position friction stir welding of high melting temperature alloys
US7530486B2 (en) 2003-05-05 2009-05-12 Sii Megadiamond, Inc. Applications of friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
US7608296B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2009-10-27 Brigham Young University Anvil for friction stir welding high temperature materials
US7651018B2 (en) 2004-10-05 2010-01-26 Sii Megadiamond Expandable mandrel for use in friction stir welding
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CN109317814A (en) * 2018-10-26 2019-02-12 平高集团有限公司 A kind of friction stir welding method of cylinder weld seam

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US6607119B2 (en) * 1999-03-24 2003-08-19 Framatome Anp Gmbh Method and apparatus for welding two work pieces
US7152776B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2006-12-26 Sii Megadiamond, Inc. Friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
US6648206B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2003-11-18 Tracey W. Nelson Friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
US9061370B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2015-06-23 Brigham Young University Friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
US6779704B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2004-08-24 Tracy W. Nelson Friction stir welding of metal matrix composites, ferrous alloys, non-ferrous alloys, and superalloys using a superabrasive tool
US7124929B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2006-10-24 Sii Megadiamond, Inc. Friction stir welding of metal matrix composites, ferrous alloys, non-ferrous alloys, and superalloys using a superabrasive tool
US8302834B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2012-11-06 MegaStar Technologies LLC Friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
US7993575B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2011-08-09 Megastir Technologies, LLC Friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
US7661572B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2010-02-16 Brigham Young University Friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
WO2002000450A1 (en) * 2000-06-29 2002-01-03 Societe De Technologie Michelin Vehicle wheel assembled beneath the seat
US6935704B2 (en) 2000-06-29 2005-08-30 Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. Vehicle wheel with assembly under the rim seat
US6352193B1 (en) 2000-08-01 2002-03-05 General Electric Company Apparatus for joining electrically conductive materials
US7608296B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2009-10-27 Brigham Young University Anvil for friction stir welding high temperature materials
US6785962B2 (en) * 2002-05-23 2004-09-07 Hayes Lemmerz International Method for producing a full face fabricated vehicle wheel
US7556187B2 (en) 2002-12-06 2009-07-07 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing cylindrical body, friction stir welding method, and friction stir welding device
US7815094B2 (en) 2002-12-06 2010-10-19 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing cylindrical body, and friction stir welding method
WO2004052585A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-24 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing cylindrical body, friction stir welding method, and friction stir welding device
US7270257B2 (en) 2003-01-30 2007-09-18 Sii Megadiamond, Inc. Out-of-position friction stir welding of high melting temperature alloys
US7530486B2 (en) 2003-05-05 2009-05-12 Sii Megadiamond, Inc. Applications of friction stir welding using a superabrasive tool
US7225968B2 (en) 2003-08-04 2007-06-05 Sii Megadiamond, Inc. Crack repair using friction stir welding on materials including metal matrix composites, ferrous alloys, non-ferrous alloys, and superalloys
US7651018B2 (en) 2004-10-05 2010-01-26 Sii Megadiamond Expandable mandrel for use in friction stir welding
US8056797B2 (en) 2005-10-05 2011-11-15 Megastir Technologies Expandable mandrel for use in friction stir welding
US8550326B2 (en) 2005-10-05 2013-10-08 Megastir Technologies Llc Expandable mandrel for use in friction stir welding
FR2989632A1 (en) * 2012-04-23 2013-10-25 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Wheel for vehicle i.e. car, has fastening screws, where bearing surface of screws is shifted towards outside to ensure passage of web between volume of clamp of brake and base plate of fastening screws
CN109317814A (en) * 2018-10-26 2019-02-12 平高集团有限公司 A kind of friction stir welding method of cylinder weld seam

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