WO1999003114A2 - High-voltage resistor and high-voltage supply comprising such a high-voltage resistor - Google Patents
High-voltage resistor and high-voltage supply comprising such a high-voltage resistor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999003114A2 WO1999003114A2 PCT/IB1998/000924 IB9800924W WO9903114A2 WO 1999003114 A2 WO1999003114 A2 WO 1999003114A2 IB 9800924 W IB9800924 W IB 9800924W WO 9903114 A2 WO9903114 A2 WO 9903114A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- resistor
- substrate
- voltage resistor
- recesses
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
- H01C17/06—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base
- H01C17/065—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base by thick film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/003—Thick film resistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/22—Elongated resistive element being bent or curved, e.g. sinusoidal, helical
Definitions
- High-voltage resistor and high-voltage supply comprising such a high-voltage resistor
- the invention relates to a high-voltage resistor comprising a substantially rectangular substrate of an electrically insulating material which is provided, at two ends, with two electrodes which are connected to each other by means of a meander-shaped resistance layer.
- the invention also relates to a high-voltage supply comprising a transformer or a voltage multiplier as well as a high-voltage resistor, which are cast into an insulating mass.
- High-voltage resistors as well as high-voltage supplies in which such high-voltage resistors are incorporated are used, in particular, in monitors and display tubes.
- a high-voltage resistor of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph is described in the non-prepublished European patent application having publication no. 96203033.4 (PHN 16.059).
- the high-voltage resistor described in said document comprises an electrically insulating substrate of aluminium oxide on which a meander-shaped resistance layer of a sintered thick-film paste is provided by screen printing.
- Two electrodes of sintered AgPd paste are provided at the ends of the resistance layer, also by screen printing.
- the invention more particularly aims at providing a high-voltage resistor which, at the same dimensions and the same construction, can be operated at higher voltages and/or exhibits a longer service life. In addition, the formation of cracks in the epoxy should be reduced.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a high-voltage supply comprising a transformer or a voltage multiplier as well as a high-voltage resistor, which are cast into an insulating mass, which high-voltage supply can be operated at higher voltages and/or has a longer service life.
- a high-voltage resistor comprising a substantially rectangular substrate of an electrically insulating material which is provided, at two ends, with two electrodes which are connected to each other by a meander-shaped resistance layer, which high-voltage resistor is characterized in that one or more recesses are formed in a side face of the substrate.
- the invention is based on the experimentally gained insight that creep between the electrodes occurs to a substantial degree along the side face of the substrate.
- the creep distance along the side face of the substrate is increased substantially by providing one or more recesses.
- the risk of breakdown between the electrodes is reduced and higher voltages can be applied to the resistor.
- the measure in accordance with the invention enables the service life of the resistor to be increased.
- An advantageous embodiment of the high-voltage resistor in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the recesses extend to between the meander-shaped resistance layer. This measure results in a substantial further increase of the creep distance.
- Another interesting embodiment of the high-voltage resistor in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the recesses are provided at two opposite side faces of the substrate. It has been found that this measure results in a substantial reduction of the shortest distance between both side faces, thus causing the mechanical stresses in the insulating mask to be reduced. By virtue thereof, the risk of crack formation in the envelop- ing mass is reduced. This leads to a longer service life of the resistor.
- the invention also relates to a high-voltage supply comprising a transformer or voltage multiplier as well as a high-voltage resistor, which are cast into an insulating mass.
- this high-voltage supply is characterized in that a high-voltage resistor as described hereinabove is employed.
- Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a first embodiment of the high-voltage resistor in accordance with the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a second embodiment of the high-voltage resistor in accordance with the invention
- Fig. 3 schematically shows a high-voltage supply in accordance with the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a high-voltage resistor (1) which comprises a substantially rectangular substrate (2) of an electrically insulating material.
- a substantially rectangular substrate (2) of an electrically insulating material In this case, use was made of aluminium oxide.
- the dimensions of the substrate are 25.4 mm by 12.7 mrr. by 1.0 mm.
- Electrodes (3, 4) are provided at two ends of this substrate by screen printing using an AgPd paste.
- a meander-shaped resistance layer (5) is situated between the electrodes (3, 4). This layer is also provided by screen printing.
- For the resistance material use was made of a lead- ruthenate-containing paste.
- the substrate is also provided with a coating (6) of a synthetic resin, for example a silicon polymer.
- three recesses (7) are formed in a side face of the substrate situated between the ends of the substrate on which the electrodes are provided.
- the recesses can be formed by punching, cutting, etc., after the manufacture of the substrates or, of course, during the manufacture of said substrates.
- the recesses preferably extend to between the meander-shaped resistance layer.
- the formation of these recesses (7) causes the creep distance along the side face of the substrate between the electrodes (3, 4) to be substantially increased. By virtue thereof, the risk of breakdown between these electrodes is reduced and higher voltages can be applied to the resistor.
- Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the high-voltage resistor in accordance with the invention.
- the recesses are formed at two opposite side faces of the substrate. This measure has the additional advantage that the shortest distance between both side faces is reduced, which leads to a reduction of the mechanical stresses in the insulating mass. By virtue thereof, the risk of crack formation in the enveloping mass is reduced.
- a series of 20 high-voltage resistors of each of the types A, B and C were cast into an insulating mass of an epoxy. Subsequently, at a direct voltage of 20 kV, these resistors were subjected to a temperature cycling test. In this test, the resistors were maintained at a temperature of, successively, 40 °C and 100 °C for 3 hours. The percentage of rejects was determined after 11, 20, 28 and 36 temperature cycles.
- Table 1 shows the results of the experiment. The indicated percentages represent the number of resistors that passed the test after the indicated number of cycles. Table 1 also shows that the presence of the recesses has a favorable effect on the service life of a high-voltage resistor. The greatest effect is achieved if the recesses are formed in two opposite side faces of the substrate.
- Fig. 3 schematically shows a high-voltage supply which, in this case, comprises a transformer 11 as well as a high-voltage resistor 12. Both elements and a screen/focus potentiometer 13, which is known per se, are cast into an insulating mass of an epoxy material.
- the housing of the epoxy material is schematically indicated by means of a dotted line 14.
- a high-voltage resistor as described hereinabove is employed in said housing.
- the transformer 11 steps up the initial voltage via six layers of windings. Across the high-voltage resistor 12, there is applied 4/6 ⁇ s of the total stepped-up voltage.
- the Gl and G2 electrodes of a display tube 15 can be driven via the screen/focus potentiometer.
- the invented high-voltage resistor and high-voltage supply comprising such a high-voltage resistor can be operated at higher voltages and/or demonstrate a longer service life.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
- Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
- Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-voltage resistor comprising a substantially rectangular substrate of an electrically insulating material. This substrate is provided, at two ends, with two electrodes which are connected to each other by means of a meander-shaper resistance layer. In accordance with the invention, one or more recesses are formed in one side face or two opposite side faces of the substrate. Resistors of this type or high-voltage supplies comprising such a high-voltage resistor can be operated at higher voltages and/or demonstrate a longer service life.
Description
High-voltage resistor and high-voltage supply comprising such a high-voltage resistor
The invention relates to a high-voltage resistor comprising a substantially rectangular substrate of an electrically insulating material which is provided, at two ends, with two electrodes which are connected to each other by means of a meander-shaped resistance layer. The invention also relates to a high-voltage supply comprising a transformer or a voltage multiplier as well as a high-voltage resistor, which are cast into an insulating mass. High-voltage resistors as well as high-voltage supplies in which such high-voltage resistors are incorporated are used, in particular, in monitors and display tubes.
A high-voltage resistor of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph is described in the non-prepublished European patent application having publication no. 96203033.4 (PHN 16.059). The high-voltage resistor described in said document comprises an electrically insulating substrate of aluminium oxide on which a meander-shaped resistance layer of a sintered thick-film paste is provided by screen printing. Two electrodes of sintered AgPd paste are provided at the ends of the resistance layer, also by screen printing.
The applicant has found that a number of important disadvantages occur when the above-described high-voltage resistor is operated at high voltages of 20 kV and more. If these resistors are used under such conditions, they are customarily cast into an insulating mass, for example an epoxy. Temperature cycling tests to which high-voltage resistors in such an insulating mass were subjected showed that breakdown may occur at the above-mentioned high voltages. In addition, these tests showed that, under said conditions, the insulating mass may be subject to undesirable crack formation. These undesirable effects form an impediment to a long service life of the resistor or the high-voltage supply.
It is an object of the invention to obviate the above-mentioned drawbacks. The invention more particularly aims at providing a high-voltage resistor which, at the same dimensions and the same construction, can be operated at higher voltages and/or exhibits a longer service life. In addition, the formation of cracks in the epoxy should be reduced. A further object of the invention is to provide a high-voltage supply comprising a transformer or a voltage multiplier as well as a high-voltage resistor, which are cast into an insulating mass, which high-voltage supply can be operated at higher voltages and/or has a longer service life.
These and other objects of the invention are achieved by a high-voltage resistor comprising a substantially rectangular substrate of an electrically insulating material which is provided, at two ends, with two electrodes which are connected to each other by a meander-shaped resistance layer, which high-voltage resistor is characterized in that one or more recesses are formed in a side face of the substrate.
The invention is based on the experimentally gained insight that creep between the electrodes occurs to a substantial degree along the side face of the substrate. The creep distance along the side face of the substrate is increased substantially by providing one or more recesses. As a result, the risk of breakdown between the electrodes is reduced and higher voltages can be applied to the resistor. At an equal load, the measure in accordance with the invention enables the service life of the resistor to be increased.
An advantageous embodiment of the high-voltage resistor in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the recesses extend to between the meander-shaped resistance layer. This measure results in a substantial further increase of the creep distance. Another interesting embodiment of the high-voltage resistor in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the recesses are provided at two opposite side faces of the substrate. It has been found that this measure results in a substantial reduction of the shortest distance between both side faces, thus causing the mechanical stresses in the insulating mask to be reduced. By virtue thereof, the risk of crack formation in the envelop- ing mass is reduced. This leads to a longer service life of the resistor.
The invention also relates to a high-voltage supply comprising a transformer or voltage multiplier as well as a high-voltage resistor, which are cast into an insulating mass. In accordance with the invention, this high-voltage supply is characterized in that a high-voltage resistor as described hereinabove is employed. By increasing the creep distance and reducing the mechanical stresses in the insulating mass, the high-voltage supply in accordance with the invention can be operated at higher voltages and/or its service life extended.
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a first embodiment of the high-voltage resistor in accordance with the invention,
Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a second embodiment of the high-voltage resistor in accordance with the invention,
Fig. 3 schematically shows a high-voltage supply in accordance with the invention.
It is noted that, for clarity, the Figures are not drawn to scale. Fig. 1 shows a high-voltage resistor (1) which comprises a substantially rectangular substrate (2) of an electrically insulating material. In this case, use was made of aluminium oxide. The dimensions of the substrate are 25.4 mm by 12.7 mrr. by 1.0 mm. Electrodes (3, 4) are provided at two ends of this substrate by screen printing using an AgPd paste. A meander-shaped resistance layer (5) is situated between the electrodes (3, 4). This layer is also provided by screen printing. For the resistance material use was made of a lead- ruthenate-containing paste. The substrate is also provided with a coating (6) of a synthetic resin, for example a silicon polymer.
In accordance with the invention, three recesses (7) are formed in a side face of the substrate situated between the ends of the substrate on which the electrodes are provided. The recesses can be formed by punching, cutting, etc., after the manufacture of the substrates or, of course, during the manufacture of said substrates. As shown in the Figure, the recesses preferably extend to between the meander-shaped resistance layer. The formation of these recesses (7) causes the creep distance along the side face of the substrate between the electrodes (3, 4) to be substantially increased. By virtue thereof, the risk of breakdown between these electrodes is reduced and higher voltages can be applied to the resistor.
Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the high-voltage resistor in accordance with the invention. In Figs. 1 and 2, like reference numerals refer to like parts. In this embodiment, the recesses are formed at two opposite side faces of the substrate. This measure has the additional advantage that the shortest distance between both side faces is reduced, which leads to a reduction of the mechanical stresses in the insulating mass. By virtue thereof, the risk of crack formation in the enveloping mass is reduced.
In a number of comparative experiments, the properties of a number of known high-voltage resistors A (without recesses in the substrate) were compared to high- voltage resistors B in accordance with the first embodiment (recesses in a side face of the substrate) and to high-voltage resistors C in accordance with the second embodiment
(recesses in two opposite side faces of the substrate). A series of 20 high-voltage resistors of each of the types A, B and C were cast into an insulating mass of an epoxy. Subsequently, at a direct voltage of 20 kV, these resistors were subjected to a temperature cycling test. In this test, the resistors were maintained at a temperature of, successively, 40 °C and 100 °C for 3
hours. The percentage of rejects was determined after 11, 20, 28 and 36 temperature cycles.
Ex. 11 20 28 36
A 100 85 60 35 B 100 100 90 75 C 100 100 100 90
Table 1 shows the results of the experiment. The indicated percentages represent the number of resistors that passed the test after the indicated number of cycles. Table 1 also shows that the presence of the recesses has a favorable effect on the service life of a high-voltage resistor. The greatest effect is achieved if the recesses are formed in two opposite side faces of the substrate.
Fig. 3 schematically shows a high-voltage supply which, in this case, comprises a transformer 11 as well as a high-voltage resistor 12. Both elements and a screen/focus potentiometer 13, which is known per se, are cast into an insulating mass of an epoxy material. The housing of the epoxy material is schematically indicated by means of a dotted line 14. In accordance with the invention, a high-voltage resistor as described hereinabove is employed in said housing. The transformer 11 steps up the initial voltage via six layers of windings. Across the high-voltage resistor 12, there is applied 4/6Λs of the total stepped-up voltage. The Gl and G2 electrodes of a display tube 15 can be driven via the screen/focus potentiometer.
In summary, it is concluded that the invented high-voltage resistor and high-voltage supply comprising such a high-voltage resistor can be operated at higher voltages and/or demonstrate a longer service life.
Claims
1. A high-voltage resistor comprising a substantially rectangular substrate of an electrically insulating material which is provided, at two ends, with two electrodes which are connected to each other by means of a meander-shaped resistance layer, characterized in that one or more recesses are formed in a side face of the substrate.
2. A high- voltage resistor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the recesses extend to between the meander-shaped resistance layer.
3. A high-voltage resistor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recesses are provided at two opposite side faces of the substrate.
4. A high-voltage supply comprising a transformer or a voltage multiplier as well as a high-voltage resistor, which are cast into an insulating mass, characterized in that use is made of a high-voltage resistor as described in any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98923010A EP0925592A2 (en) | 1997-07-11 | 1998-06-11 | High-voltage resistor and high-voltage supply comprising such a high-voltage resistor |
| JP50835799A JP2001506423A (en) | 1997-07-11 | 1998-06-11 | High voltage resistance and high voltage power supply having such high voltage resistance |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97202176 | 1997-07-11 | ||
| EP97202176.0 | 1997-07-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999003114A2 true WO1999003114A2 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
| WO1999003114A3 WO1999003114A3 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
Family
ID=8228550
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB1998/000924 WO1999003114A2 (en) | 1997-07-11 | 1998-06-11 | High-voltage resistor and high-voltage supply comprising such a high-voltage resistor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0925592A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001506423A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999003114A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6841637B2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2005-01-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ring-opened azlactone chain transfer agents for radical polymerization |
| US6894133B2 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2005-05-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Azlactone initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization |
| US6992217B2 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2006-01-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ring-opened azlactone initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization |
| US9650463B2 (en) | 2013-05-20 | 2017-05-16 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Thermoplastic elastomers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of triglycerides |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1521618A (en) * | 1977-06-09 | 1978-08-16 | Plessey Co Ltd | Electrical resistors |
| US4306217A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1981-12-15 | Angstrohm Precision, Inc. | Flat electrical components |
| US4904951A (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1990-02-27 | Burr-Brown Corporation | Method and circuit for reducing effects of distributed capacitance associated with large thin film resistors |
-
1998
- 1998-06-11 EP EP98923010A patent/EP0925592A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-06-11 WO PCT/IB1998/000924 patent/WO1999003114A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-11 JP JP50835799A patent/JP2001506423A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4306217A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1981-12-15 | Angstrohm Precision, Inc. | Flat electrical components |
| GB1521618A (en) * | 1977-06-09 | 1978-08-16 | Plessey Co Ltd | Electrical resistors |
| US4904951A (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1990-02-27 | Burr-Brown Corporation | Method and circuit for reducing effects of distributed capacitance associated with large thin film resistors |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6894133B2 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2005-05-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Azlactone initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization |
| US6992217B2 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2006-01-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ring-opened azlactone initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization |
| US6841637B2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2005-01-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ring-opened azlactone chain transfer agents for radical polymerization |
| US9650463B2 (en) | 2013-05-20 | 2017-05-16 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Thermoplastic elastomers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of triglycerides |
| US9926392B2 (en) | 2013-05-20 | 2018-03-27 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Thermoplastic elastomers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of triglycerides |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2001506423A (en) | 2001-05-15 |
| WO1999003114A3 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
| EP0925592A2 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
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