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WO1999054022A1 - Filtration unit for removing contaminants from fluids - Google Patents

Filtration unit for removing contaminants from fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999054022A1
WO1999054022A1 PCT/EP1999/002502 EP9902502W WO9954022A1 WO 1999054022 A1 WO1999054022 A1 WO 1999054022A1 EP 9902502 W EP9902502 W EP 9902502W WO 9954022 A1 WO9954022 A1 WO 9954022A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flat filter
filtration unit
unit according
housing space
adsorber particles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1999/002502
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Graus
Christian SCHÄFER
Original Assignee
Sartorius Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sartorius Ag filed Critical Sartorius Ag
Publication of WO1999054022A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999054022A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0415—Beds in cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
    • B01D2253/302—Dimensions
    • B01D2253/304—Linear dimensions, e.g. particle shape, diameter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4533—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for medical purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/006—Cartridges

Definitions

  • Filtration unit to remove pollutants from fluids.
  • the invention relates to a filtration unit for removing pollutants from fluids, such as liquids and gases, using particulate adsorbers, in particular using activated carbon particles.
  • the filtration units according to the invention can be used in rooms with special requirements for safety and cleanliness, for example in operating rooms of clinics for the adsorption of harmful gases which arise, for example, when mixing bone cement; in laboratories, for example for cleaning carrier gases for analysis devices; for the filtration of liquids for the removal of interfering accompanying substances, which are to be examined, for example, using diagnostic kits.
  • Filtration units of this type can be used as disposables and can be disposed of together with the adsorbed pollutants.
  • a filtration unit designed as a filter cartridge which has a bed of activated carbon particles between a polyester urethane foam layer and a glass fiber layer.
  • the activated carbon particles should be pressed together by the two layers so that the loose bed can move as little as possible. This is intended to avoid the formation of cavities through which fluid (air) laden with pollutants would break through unhindered. It is disadvantageous that the fluid is opposed to a high volume resistance, which leads to a reduction in the filter performance. As an alternative to this, it is also proposed to finely distribute the activated carbon particles in a coarse glass fiber fleece.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a filtration unit for removing pollutants from fluids using adsorber particles, which ensures high filtration and adsorption performance and avoid bypassing and contaminating the filtrate.
  • a filtration unit which consists of a housing which is provided on the opposite side with an inlet and an outlet connection, the connections being separated from the housing space by flat filter layers covering them and the housing space containing a bed of adsorber particles such that the The fluid to be filtered is intended to pass through the inlet connection, the first flat filter layer, the adsorber particles, the second flat filter layer and the outlet connection.
  • the housing space is between approximately 99 and approximately 97% filled with the adsorber particles and is tapered in at least one section, the flat filter layers being arranged centrally symmetrically to one another.
  • the taper is such that the volume of the housing space is reduced by at least about 5%, preferably by about 10%, compared to the volume of a housing space without such a taper.
  • the tapering of the housing space and the centrally symmetrical arrangement of the two flat filter layers means that the filtration unit can be operated in any position and that no bypass can be formed between the bed of adsorber particles and the housing wall, which the fluid to be filtered can pass unhindered without adsorption.
  • the housing space is formed in the tapered sections as a truncated cone or as a truncated pyramid.
  • the flat filter layers arranged centrally symmetrically to one another differ in size at least 5%, preferably at least 10%. In this embodiment, the tapering of the housing space is not necessary.
  • the flat filter layers consist of hydrophobic and for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions from hydrophilic materials, preferably from corresponding porous membranes. It has proven sufficient for the filtration performance if the flat filter layers have a pore diameter in the range from 0.2 to 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • Such hydrophobic membranes allow, for example, an air throughput of at least 3 liters per minute and cm 2 at a pressure difference of 0.1 bar.
  • membranes with the pore size range mentioned retain microorganisms and abrasion of the adsorber particles practically quantitatively.
  • Preferred hydrophobic membranes are those made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • the hydrophobic membranes When removing pollutants from gases, the hydrophobic membranes also act as a liquid barrier and protection for subsequent moisture-sensitive devices, such as pumps, analysis devices, etc.
  • a membrane with a pore diameter of more than 0.5 ⁇ m can be used for the first flat filter layer arranged on the inlet side .
  • Modified polyethersulfone, polyamide, cellulose acetate and cellulose hydrate membranes (Hydrosart®, Sartorius AG) have proven particularly useful as hydrophilic membranes.
  • the hydrophilic membranes consist of porous membrane adsorbers, for example in the form of ion exchange membranes.
  • porous membrane adsorbers are membranes which have functional groups, ligands or reactants on their inner and outer surface which enable them to interact with at least one substance in a liquid phase in contact with it are.
  • pollutants to the membrane adsorbers, which either are not bound by the adsorber particles or where the membrane adsorbers act as additional safety filters (Pohzeifilters), such as to ensure the separation of endotoxins from membrane adsorbers (DE -OS 195 43 371). 4
  • the flat filter layers are trimmed. It is generally sufficient if at least one of the flat filter layers is trimmed, preferably the second flat filter layer adjacent to the outlet connection.
  • the outlet connection itself can be designed as a filter support
  • the adsorber particles are selected depending on the adsorption task.
  • Activated carbon is often used.
  • Activated carbon particles usually have a specific inner surface area of 500 to over 2000 m 2 / g (BET determination method) .This enables them to bind a large number of substances non-specifically permanently or reversibly but also the outer surface of the activated carbon particles influences the adsorption kinetics, activated carbon with a grain size between 0.7 and 1.5 mm is preferably used.
  • the fill should have a height (adsorption length) of at least 1.5 cm
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a vertical section through an embodiment of a filtration unit according to the invention with a continuous
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a vertical section through a further embodiment of a filtration unit according to the invention with two tapers
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a vertical section through an alternative embodiment of a filtration unit according to the invention with filter layers of different sizes
  • the filtration unit 1 consists of a housing 2, which is provided on the opposite side with an inlet port 3 and an outlet port 4.
  • the ports 3, 4 are separated from the housing space 5 by a first 6 and a second flat filter layer 7 covering them
  • the housing space 5 contains one Dumping of adsorber particles 8
  • the housing space 5 is designed as a truncated cone in FIG. 1, with two tapering sections designed as a truncated cone in FIG. 2 and as a cylinder in FIG. 3.
  • the first flat filter layer 6 is on both sides in FIG. 1, in FIGS. 2 and 3 are supported on one side.
  • webs of fluid distribution channels 9, which are applied to the surface of the inlet connection 3 facing the flat filter layer 6, serve as filter support and, on the other hand, according to FIG is, an additional filter support 10, for example introduced in the form of a grid, fabric or fleece.
  • webs of fluid collection channels 11 of the outlet nozzle 4 serve as filter support
  • the active filter area of the first flat filter layer 6 arranged on the input side is at least 5% smaller than the active filter area of the second flat filter layer 7 arranged on the output side.
  • the filtration unit 1 can be operated in both directions. The position in which the filtration is successful is irrelevant it is used

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to filtration units for removing contaminants from fluids using adsorber particles. The housing (2) of the filtration unit (1) is provided with inlet (3) and outlet (4) connections which are separated from the housing chamber (5) by flat filter layers (6, 7). The housing chamber (5) is filled to between 97 and 99 % with the adsorber particles (8) and tapers with a volume reduction of at 5 %. The flat filter layers (6, 7) are arranged so that they are centrosymmetrical with each other. Instead of the housing being tapered, the flat filter layers may differ in size by at least 5 %. This guarantees highly effective filtration and adsorption and avoids bypasses and impurities in the filtrate. The inventive filtration units can be used in rooms with particular requirements in terms of safety and purity, for purifying support gases for analysis equipment and for filtering liquids in order to remove unwanted accompanying substances. They can also be disposed of as disposables along with the adsorbed contaminants.

Description

Filtrationseinheit zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Fluiden. Filtration unit to remove pollutants from fluids.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Filtrationseinheit zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Fluiden, wie Flüssigkeiten und Gasen mittels partikulärer Adsorber, insbesondere mittels Aktivkohlepartikel.The invention relates to a filtration unit for removing pollutants from fluids, such as liquids and gases, using particulate adsorbers, in particular using activated carbon particles.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Filtrationseinheiten sind verwendbar in Räumen mit besonderen Anforderungen an die Sicherheit und Reinheit, beispielsweise in Operationsräumen von Kliniken zur Adsorption schädlicher Gase, die beispielsweise bei der Anmischung von Knochenzement entstehen; in Laboratorien, beispielsweise zur Reinigung von Trägergasen für Analysengeräte; für die Filtration von Flüssigkeiten zur Entfernung störender Begleitstoffe, die besipielsweise durch Diagnostik-Kits untersucht werden sollen. Derartige Filtrationseinheiten sind als Disposabls einsetzbar und können zusammen mit den adsorbierten Schadstoffen entsorgt werden.The filtration units according to the invention can be used in rooms with special requirements for safety and cleanliness, for example in operating rooms of clinics for the adsorption of harmful gases which arise, for example, when mixing bone cement; in laboratories, for example for cleaning carrier gases for analysis devices; for the filtration of liquids for the removal of interfering accompanying substances, which are to be examined, for example, using diagnostic kits. Filtration units of this type can be used as disposables and can be disposed of together with the adsorbed pollutants.
Aus der US-PS 4 064 876 ist eine als Filterpatrone ausgebildete Filtrationseinheit bekannt, die zwischen einer Polyesterurethan-Schaumstoffschicht und einer Glasfaserschicht eine Schüttung von Aktivkohlepartikeln besitzt. Die Aktivkohleteilchen sollen durch die beiden Schichten so zusammengepreßt werden, daß die lose Schüttung sich möglichst wenig bewegen kann. Dadurch soll die Bildung von Hohlräumen vermieden werden, über welche mit Schadstoffen beladenes Fluid (Luft) ungehindert hindurchbrechen würde. Nachteilig ist, daß dem Fluid ein hoher Durchgangswiderstand entgegengesetzt wird, was zu einer Verminderung der Filterleistung führt. Als Alternative dazu wird auch vorgeschlagen, die Aktivkohleteilchen in einem groben Glasfaservlies fein zu verteilen. Nachteilig ist hier jedoch, daß die nur lose zwischen den Glasfasern gehaltenen Aktivkohlepartikel im Laufe der Zeit zerrieben werden und als Staub aus dem Vlies herausgespült werden. Dadurch wird das Filtrat verunreinigt, und es werden unerwünschte Bypässe freigeben, wodurch die Adsorptionskapazität der Filterpatrone vermindert wird.From US Pat. No. 4,064,876 a filtration unit designed as a filter cartridge is known which has a bed of activated carbon particles between a polyester urethane foam layer and a glass fiber layer. The activated carbon particles should be pressed together by the two layers so that the loose bed can move as little as possible. This is intended to avoid the formation of cavities through which fluid (air) laden with pollutants would break through unhindered. It is disadvantageous that the fluid is opposed to a high volume resistance, which leads to a reduction in the filter performance. As an alternative to this, it is also proposed to finely distribute the activated carbon particles in a coarse glass fiber fleece. The disadvantage here, however, is that the activated carbon particles, which are held only loosely between the glass fibers, are ground up over time and washed out of the fleece as dust. This will contaminate the filtrate and it will release unwanted bypasses, reducing the adsorption capacity of the filter cartridge.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht deshalb darin, eine Filtrationseinheit zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Fluiden unter Verwendung von Adsorberpartikeln zu schaffen, die eine hohe Filtrations- und Adsorptionsleistung gewährleistet und bei der Bypässe und Verunreinigungen des Filtrats vermieden werden.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a filtration unit for removing pollutants from fluids using adsorber particles, which ensures high filtration and adsorption performance and avoid bypassing and contaminating the filtrate.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Filtrationseinheit gelöst, die aus einem Gehäuse besteht, das stirnseitig gegenüberliegend mit einem Einlaß- und einem Auslaßstutzen versehen ist, wobei die Stutzen vom Gehäuseraum durch sie überdeckende Flachfllterlagen getrennt sind und der Gehäuseraum eine Schüttung von Adsorberpartikeln enthält derart, daß das zu filtrierende Fluid bestimmungsgemäß den Einlaßstutzen, die erste Flachfilterlage, die Adsorberpartikel, die zweite Flachfilterlage und den Auslaßstutzen passieren muß. Der Gehäuseraum ist dabei zwischen ungefähr 99 und ungefähr 97 % mit den Adsorberpartikeln gefüllt und zumindest in einem Abschnitt verjüngend ausgebildet, wobei die Flachfllterlagen zentralsymmetrisch zueinander angeordnet sind. Die Verjüngung ist derart vorhanden, daß sich das Volumen des Gehäuseraums um wenigstens ungefähr 5 %, vorzugsweise um ungefähr 10 % reduziert im Vergleich zum Volumen eines Gehäuseraums ohne eine derartige Verjüngung.The object is achieved by a filtration unit which consists of a housing which is provided on the opposite side with an inlet and an outlet connection, the connections being separated from the housing space by flat filter layers covering them and the housing space containing a bed of adsorber particles such that the The fluid to be filtered is intended to pass through the inlet connection, the first flat filter layer, the adsorber particles, the second flat filter layer and the outlet connection. The housing space is between approximately 99 and approximately 97% filled with the adsorber particles and is tapered in at least one section, the flat filter layers being arranged centrally symmetrically to one another. The taper is such that the volume of the housing space is reduced by at least about 5%, preferably by about 10%, compared to the volume of a housing space without such a taper.
Durch die Verjüngung des Gehäuseraumes und die zentralsymmetrische Anordnung der beiden Flachfllterlagen wird erreicht, daß die Filtrationseinheit in jeder beliebigen Lage betrieben werden kann und kein Bypaß zwischen Schüttung der Adsorberpartikel und der Gehäusewand ausgebildet werden kann, den das zu filtrierende Fluid ohne Adsorption ungehindert passieren kann. Durch die Füllung des Gehäuserumes mit einer Schüttung der Adsorberpartikel, die zwischen 97 und 99 % des Gehäusevolumens einnimmt, ist ein hoher Durchfluß des zu filtrierenden Fluids gewährleistet. In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ist der Gehäuseraum in den sich verjüngenden Abschnitten als Kegelstumpf oder als Pyramidenstumpf ausgebildet. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung unterscheiden sich die zentralsymmetrisch zueinander angeordneten Flachfilterlagen in ihrer Größe um wenigstens 5 %, vorzugsweise um wenigstens 10 %. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die Verjüngung des Gehäuseraumes nicht erforderlich.The tapering of the housing space and the centrally symmetrical arrangement of the two flat filter layers means that the filtration unit can be operated in any position and that no bypass can be formed between the bed of adsorber particles and the housing wall, which the fluid to be filtered can pass unhindered without adsorption. By filling the housing space with a bed of adsorber particles, which occupies between 97 and 99% of the housing volume, a high flow rate of the fluid to be filtered is guaranteed. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the housing space is formed in the tapered sections as a truncated cone or as a truncated pyramid. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the flat filter layers arranged centrally symmetrically to one another differ in size at least 5%, preferably at least 10%. In this embodiment, the tapering of the housing space is not necessary.
Für die Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Gasen bestehen die Flachfllterlagen aus hydrophoben und für die Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus wässrigen Lösungen aus hydrophilen Materialien, vorzugsweise aus entsprechenden porösen Membranen. Dabei hat es sich für die Filtrationsleistung als ausreichend erwiesen, wenn die Flachfllterlagen einen Porendurchmesser im Bereich von 0,2 bis 0,5 μm, vorzugsweise von 0,2 μm aufweisen. Derartige hydrophobe Membranen gestatten beispielsweise einen Luftdurchsatz von mindestens 3 Liter pro Minute und cm2 bei 0,1 bar Druckdifferenz. Außerdem halten Membranen mit dem genannten Porengrößenbereich Mikroorganismen und Abrieb der Adsorberpartikel praktisch quantitativ zurück. Als hydrophobe Membranen werden solche aus Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) bevorzugt. Die hydrophoben Membranen wirken bei der Schadstoffentfernung aus Gasen gleichzeitig als Flüssigkeitssperre und Schutz für nachfolgende feuchtigkeitsempfindliche Geräte, wie Pumpen, Analysengeräte usw. Zur Erhöhung der Filtrationsleistung kann für die erste eingangsseitig angeordnete Flachfilterlage eine Membran mit einem Porendurchmesser von mehr als 0,5 μm verwendet werden. Als hydrophile Membranen haben sich modifizierte Polyethersulfon-, Polyamid-, Celluloseacetat- und Cellulosehydratmembranen (Hydrosart® , Sartorius AG) besonders bewährt. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung bestehen die hydrophilen Membranen aus porösen Membranadsorbern, beispielsweise in Form von Ionenaustauschermembranen. Nach der WO-Al- 92/00805 (Sartorius AG) sind poröse Membranadsorber solche Membranen, die an ihrer inneren und äußeren Oberfläche funktioneile Gruppen, Liganden oder Reaktanden tragen, die zur Wechselwirkung mit mindestens einem Stoff einer mit ihm in Kontakt stehenden flüssigen Phase befähigt sind. Mit einer derartigen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist es möglich, spezifisch Schadstoffe an die Membranadsorber zu binden, die entweder nicht von den Adsorberpartikeln gebunden werden oder wo die Membranadsorber als zusätzliches Sicherheitsfilter (Pohzeifilter) wirken, wie beispielsweise zur Gewährleistung der Abtrennung von Endotoxinen an Membranadsorbern (DE-OS 195 43 371). 4For the removal of pollutants from gases, the flat filter layers consist of hydrophobic and for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions from hydrophilic materials, preferably from corresponding porous membranes. It has proven sufficient for the filtration performance if the flat filter layers have a pore diameter in the range from 0.2 to 0.5 μm, preferably from 0.2 μm. Such hydrophobic membranes allow, for example, an air throughput of at least 3 liters per minute and cm 2 at a pressure difference of 0.1 bar. In addition, membranes with the pore size range mentioned retain microorganisms and abrasion of the adsorber particles practically quantitatively. Preferred hydrophobic membranes are those made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). When removing pollutants from gases, the hydrophobic membranes also act as a liquid barrier and protection for subsequent moisture-sensitive devices, such as pumps, analysis devices, etc. To increase the filtration performance, a membrane with a pore diameter of more than 0.5 μm can be used for the first flat filter layer arranged on the inlet side . Modified polyethersulfone, polyamide, cellulose acetate and cellulose hydrate membranes (Hydrosart®, Sartorius AG) have proven particularly useful as hydrophilic membranes. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrophilic membranes consist of porous membrane adsorbers, for example in the form of ion exchange membranes. According to WO-Al-92/00805 (Sartorius AG), porous membrane adsorbers are membranes which have functional groups, ligands or reactants on their inner and outer surface which enable them to interact with at least one substance in a liquid phase in contact with it are. With such an embodiment of the invention it is possible to specifically bind pollutants to the membrane adsorbers, which either are not bound by the adsorber particles or where the membrane adsorbers act as additional safety filters (Pohzeifilters), such as to ensure the separation of endotoxins from membrane adsorbers (DE -OS 195 43 371). 4
In einer bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsform der Erfindung werden die Flachfllterlagen abgestutzt In der Regel ist es ausreichend, wenn wenigstens eine der Flachfllterlagen abgestutzt ist, vorzugsweise die zweite dem Ausgangsstutzen benachbarte Flachfilterlage Dabei kann der Auslaßstutzen selbst als Filterunterstutzung ausgebildet seinIn a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flat filter layers are trimmed. It is generally sufficient if at least one of the flat filter layers is trimmed, preferably the second flat filter layer adjacent to the outlet connection. The outlet connection itself can be designed as a filter support
Die Adsorberpartikel werden je nach Adsorptionsaufgabe ausgewählt Häufig wird Aktivkohle eingesetzt Aktivkohlepartikel haben üblicherweise eine spezifische innere Oberflache von 500 bis über 2000 m2/g (BET -Bestimmungsmethode) Sie ist dadurch in der Lage eine große Anzahl von Stoffen unspezifisch dauerhaft oder reversibel zu binden Da aber auch die äußere Oberflache der Aktivkohleteilchen die Adsorptionkinetik beeinflußt, wird Aktivkohle mit einer Korngroße zwischen 0,7 und 1,5 mm bevorzugt eingesetzt.The adsorber particles are selected depending on the adsorption task. Activated carbon is often used. Activated carbon particles usually have a specific inner surface area of 500 to over 2000 m 2 / g (BET determination method) .This enables them to bind a large number of substances non-specifically permanently or reversibly but also the outer surface of the activated carbon particles influences the adsorption kinetics, activated carbon with a grain size between 0.7 and 1.5 mm is preferably used.
Die Schuttung sollte zur Gewahrleistung einer ausreichenden Adsorption im Gehauseraum eine Höhe (Adsorptionslange) von wenigstens 1,5 cm aufweisenTo ensure adequate adsorption in the housing area, the fill should have a height (adsorption length) of at least 1.5 cm
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Figuren und des Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert Dabei zeigen dieThe invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the figures and the exemplary embodiment
Fig 1 schematisch einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemaßen Filtrationseinheit mit durchgehenderFig. 1 schematically shows a vertical section through an embodiment of a filtration unit according to the invention with a continuous
Gehauseverjüngung, Fig 2 schematisch einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemaßen Filtrationseinheit mit zwei sich verjungendenRejuvenation of the housing, FIG. 2 schematically shows a vertical section through a further embodiment of a filtration unit according to the invention with two tapers
Abschnitten im Gehäuse und Fig 3 schematisch einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine alternative Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemaßen Filtrationseinheit mit Filterlagen unterschiedlicher Große3 schematically shows a vertical section through an alternative embodiment of a filtration unit according to the invention with filter layers of different sizes
Gemäß der Figuren 1 bis 3 besteht die Filtrationseinheit 1 besteht aus einem Gehäuse 2 , das stirnseitig gegenüberliegend mit einem Einlaßstutzen 3 und einem Auslaßstutzen 4 versehen ist Die Stutzen 3, 4 sind vom Gehauseraum 5 durch eine erste 6 und eine zweite sie überdeckende Flachfilterlage 7 getrennt Der Gehauseraum 5 enthalt eine Schuttung von Adsorberpartikeln 8 Der Gehauseraum 5 ist in der Fig 1 als Kegelstumpf, in der Fig 2 mit zwei sich verjungenden als Kegelstumpf ausgebildeten Abschnitten und in der Fig 3 als Zylinder ausgebildet Die erste Flachfilterlage 6 ist in der Figur 1 beidseitig, in den Figuren 2 und 3 einseitig abgestutzt Dabei dienen zum einen Stege von Fluidverteilungskanalen 9, die auf der der Flachfilterlage 6 zugewandte Flache des Einlaßstutzen 3 aufgebracht sind, als Filterunterstutzung und zum anderen ist gemäß der Figur 1 zusatzlich auf der Seite der Flachfilterlage 6, die dem Gehauseraum 5 zugewandt ist, eine zusatzliche Filterunterstutzung 10, beispielsweise in Form eines Gitters, Gewebes oder Vlieses eingebracht Analog dienen Stege von Fluidsammelkanalen 11 des Auslaßstutzens 4 als FilterunterstutzungAccording to Figures 1 to 3, the filtration unit 1 consists of a housing 2, which is provided on the opposite side with an inlet port 3 and an outlet port 4. The ports 3, 4 are separated from the housing space 5 by a first 6 and a second flat filter layer 7 covering them The housing space 5 contains one Dumping of adsorber particles 8 The housing space 5 is designed as a truncated cone in FIG. 1, with two tapering sections designed as a truncated cone in FIG. 2 and as a cylinder in FIG. 3. The first flat filter layer 6 is on both sides in FIG. 1, in FIGS. 2 and 3 are supported on one side. On the one hand, webs of fluid distribution channels 9, which are applied to the surface of the inlet connection 3 facing the flat filter layer 6, serve as filter support and, on the other hand, according to FIG is, an additional filter support 10, for example introduced in the form of a grid, fabric or fleece. Similarly, webs of fluid collection channels 11 of the outlet nozzle 4 serve as filter support
Gemäß der Figur 3 ist die aktive Filterflache der ersten eingangsseitig angeordneten Flachfilterlage 6 um mindestens 5 % geringer als die aktive Filterflache der zweiten ausgangsseitig angeordneten Flachfilterlage 7 Die Filtrationseinheit 1 kann in beiden Richtungen betrieben werden Für den Erfolg der Filtration ist es unerheblich, in welcher Lage sie benutzt wirdAccording to FIG. 3, the active filter area of the first flat filter layer 6 arranged on the input side is at least 5% smaller than the active filter area of the second flat filter layer 7 arranged on the output side. The filtration unit 1 can be operated in both directions. The position in which the filtration is successful is irrelevant it is used
AusführungsbeispielEmbodiment
Eine gemäß der Figur 1 gefertigte und mit 0,2 μm PTFE-Membranen ausgestattete Filtrationseinheit (aktive erste Membranflache 5,5 cm2, aktive zweite Membranflache 1,4 cm2 ), die über eine Schuttung von 2,5 g Aktivkohle der Korngroße 0,7 bis 1,5 mm der Fa Adako-Pica verfügt, weist einen Durchfluß für Luft als Fluid von 2000 ml pro Minute bei einer Druckdifferenz von 0, 1 bar auf A filtration unit manufactured according to FIG. 1 and equipped with 0.2 μm PTFE membranes (active first membrane area 5.5 cm 2 , active second membrane area 1.4 cm 2 ), which is filled with 2.5 g of activated carbon of grain size 0 , 7 to 1.5 mm from Adako-Pica, has a flow rate for air as fluid of 2000 ml per minute at a pressure difference of 0.1 bar

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Als Disposable ausgebildete Filtrationseinheit (1) zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Fluiden bestehend aus einem Gehäuse (2), das stirnseitig gegenüberliegend mit einem Einlaß- (3) und einem Auslaßstutzen (4) versehen ist, wobei die Stutzen (3, 4) vom Gehäuseraum (5) durch sie überdeckende Flachfllterlagen (6, 7) getrennt sind, und der Gehäuseraum (5) eine Schüttung von Adsorberpartikeln (8) enthält derart, daß das zu filtrierende Fluid bestimmungsgemäß den Einlaßstutzen (3), die erste Flachfilterlage (6), die Adsorberpartikel (8), die zweite Flachfilterlage (7) und den Auslaßstutzen (4) passieren muß, der Gehäuseraum (5) zwischen 97 und 99 % mit den Adsorberpartikeln (8) gefüllt und zumindest in einem Abschnitt verjüngend ausgebildet ist derart, daß sich sein Volumen durch die Verjüngung um wenigstens 5 %, vorzugsweise um wenigstens 10 % reduziert im Vergleich zum Volumen eines Gehäuseraums (5) ohne eine derartige Verjüngung, die Flachfllterlagen (6, 7) zentralsymmetrisch zueinander angeordnet sind und zumindest die zweite Flachfilterlage (7) als Membran mit einem Porengrößenb ereich von 0,2 bis 0,5 μm ausgebildet ist, um Mikroorganismen und Abrieb der Adsorberpartikel zurückzuhalten.1. As a disposable filtration unit (1) for removing pollutants from fluids consisting of a housing (2), which is provided on the opposite side with an inlet (3) and an outlet (4), the connecting piece (3, 4) are separated from the housing space (5) by flat filter layers (6, 7) covering them, and the housing space (5) contains a bed of adsorber particles (8) in such a way that the fluid to be filtered is intended to contain the inlet port (3), the first flat filter layer (6 ), the adsorber particles (8), the second flat filter layer (7) and the outlet port (4) must pass, the housing space (5) is filled between 97 and 99% with the adsorber particles (8) and is tapered in at least one section, that the volume of the taper is reduced by at least 5%, preferably by at least 10%, compared to the volume of a housing space (5) without such a taper, the flat filter layers (6, 7) are arranged symmetrically to one another and at least the second flat filter layer (7) is designed as a membrane with a pore size range of 0.2 to 0.5 μm in order to retain microorganisms and abrasion of the adsorber particles.
2. Filtrationseinheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gehäuseraum (5) im sich verjüngenden Abschnitt als Kegelstumpf oder als Pyramidenstumpf ausgebildet ist.2. Filtration unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing space (5) is formed in the tapered section as a truncated cone or as a truncated pyramid.
3. Als Disposable ausgebildete Filtrationseinheit (1) zur Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Fluiden bestehend aus einem Gehäuse (2), das stirnseitig gegenüberliegend mit einem Einlaß- (3) und einem Auslaßstutzen (4) versehen ist, wobei die Stutzen (3, 4) vom Gehäuseraum (5) durch sie überdeckende Flachfilterlagen (6, 7) getrennt sind, und der Gehäuseraum (5) eine Schüttung von Adsorberpartikeln (8) enthält derart, daß das zu filtrierende Fluid bestimmungsgemäß den Einlaßstutzen (3), die erste Flachfilterlage (6), die Adsorberpartikel (8), die zweite Flachfilterlage (7) und den Auslaßstutzen (4) passieren muß, 73. Filtration unit (1) designed as disposable for removing pollutants from fluids, consisting of a housing (2) which is provided on the opposite side with an inlet (3) and an outlet connection (4), the connections (3, 4) are separated from the housing space (5) by flat filter layers (6, 7) covering them, and the housing space (5) contains a bed of adsorber particles (8) in such a way that the fluid to be filtered is intended for the inlet connection (3), the first flat filter layer (6 ), the adsorber particles (8), the second flat filter layer (7) and the outlet connection (4) must pass, 7
der Gehauseraum (5) zwischen 97 und 99 % mit den Adsorberpartikeln (8) gefüllt ist, die Flachfllterlagen (6, 7) zentralsymmetrisch zueinander angeordnet sind und sich die erste von der zweiten Flachfilterlage in ihrer Große um wenigstens 5 %, vorzugsweise um wenigstens 10 % unterscheidet und mindestens die zweite Flachfilterlage (7) als Membran mit einem Porengroßenbereich von 0,2 bis 0,5 μm ausgebildet ist, um Mikroorganismen und Abrieb der Adsorberpartikel zurückzuhaltenthe housing space (5) is filled between 97 and 99% with the adsorber particles (8), the flat filter layers (6, 7) are arranged centrally symmetrically to one another and the size of the first of the second flat filter layers is at least 5%, preferably at least 10 % differs and at least the second flat filter layer (7) is designed as a membrane with a pore size range of 0.2 to 0.5 μm in order to retain microorganisms and abrasion of the adsorber particles
4 Filtrationseinheit nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flachfllterlagen (6, 7) für die Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus Gasen aus hydrophoben Membranen bestehen4 filtration unit according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flat filter layers (6, 7) consist of gases from hydrophobic membranes for the removal of pollutants
5 Filtrationseinheit nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hydrophoben Membranen aus Polytetrafluorethylen bestehen5 Filtration unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the hydrophobic membranes consist of polytetrafluoroethylene
6 Filtrationseinheit nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flachfllterlagen (6, 7) für die Entfernung von Schadstoffen aus wassπgen Losungen aus hydrophilen Membranen bestehen6 Filtration unit according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flat filter layers (6, 7) for the removal of pollutants consist of water solutions from hydrophilic membranes
7 Filtrationseinheit nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hydrophilen Membranen Membranadsorber darstellen7 filtration unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the hydrophilic membranes represent membrane adsorbers
8 Filtrationseinheit nach den Ansprüchen 1 , 3 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste den Einlaßstutzen überdeckende Flachfilterlage einen größeren Porendurchmesser besitzt als die zweite Flachfilterlage8 filtration unit according to claims 1, 3 and 7, characterized in that the first flat filter layer covering the inlet connection has a larger pore diameter than the second flat filter layer
9 Filtrationseinheit nach vorstehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 89 filtration unit according to the preceding claims, characterized in that 8th
wenigstens eine der Flachfllterlagen (6, 7) ein- oder beidseitig abgestützt ist.at least one of the flat filter layers (6, 7) is supported on one or both sides.
10. Filtrationseinheit nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Auslaßstutzen (4) als Filterunterstützung (11) ausgebildet ist.10. Filtration unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the outlet port (4) is designed as a filter support (11).
11. Filtrationseinheit nach den vorstehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Adsorberpartikel (8) aus Aktivkohle bestehen.11. Filtration unit according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorber particles (8) consist of activated carbon.
12. Filtrationseinheit nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aktivkohle (8) eine Korngröße zwischen 0,7 und 1,5 mm hat und der Gehäuseraum (5) eine Länge von wenigstens 1,5 cm aufweist. 12. Filtration unit according to claim 11, characterized in that the activated carbon (8) has a grain size between 0.7 and 1.5 mm and the housing space (5) has a length of at least 1.5 cm.
PCT/EP1999/002502 1998-04-16 1999-04-14 Filtration unit for removing contaminants from fluids WO1999054022A1 (en)

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DE19816871.3 1998-04-16
DE1998116871 DE19816871C2 (en) 1998-04-16 1998-04-16 Filtration unit to remove pollutants from fluids

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DE19816871C2 (en) 2002-05-08
DE19816871A1 (en) 1999-10-21

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