WO1998016824A1

WO1998016824A1 - Method for optic detection and treatment of cultivated plants and non biologically transformed cultivated plants

Info

Publication number: WO1998016824A1
Application number: PCT/DE1997/002346
Authority: WO
Inventors: Heinz Ganzelmeier; Dirk Rautmann; Peter Zwerger; Joachim Schiemann
Original assignee: Heinz Ganzelmeier; Dirk Rautmann; Peter Zwerger; Joachim Schiemann
Priority date: 1996-10-15
Filing date: 1997-10-14
Publication date: 1998-04-23
Also published as: AU4862397A; DE19642439C1

Abstract

The use of cultivated plants that are genetically marked with a fluorescent protein through light excitation makes it possible to detect optically and pick out said cultivated plants amidst weeds and other backgrounds, thereby enabling the adoption and controlled implementation of well-targeted weeding, fertilizing and harvesting measures.

Description

Process for the optical detection and treatment of crops and non-biologically transformed crop

The invention relates to a method for the optical detection and treatment of crop plants and / or crop plants in front of various backgrounds, in particular in addition to weeds, and a non-biologically transformed crop plant which is suitable for carrying out this method.

Internationally, the development of detector systems for the detection of crops has been intensively in the recent past, with the aim of achieving an effective and rational, but at the same time ecologically sensible processing of crops. It is particularly difficult to distinguish crops from undesired weed growth, since crop and weed are very similar in color and sometimes in shape and habit, depending on the stage of development. Such a detection is sought in plant production in order to map crops by remote sensing, for example, and to be able to target crop crops in a targeted and accurate manner. ^• •

DE 41 32 637 C2 already discloses a method for the optical detection and treatment of crop plants, namely for controlled weed control in crop cultivation by spraying herbicides onto an overgrown subsoil, in which the subsoil is continuously optically used by sensors sampled and the signals obtained after processing by a computer can be used to control a weed control device. It is essential for the process that the useful plants have a comparatively high planting density, such as, for example, grain stocks, and that useful plants (cereals) and weeds ("green plants") differ optically sufficiently clearly. Like other optoelectronic methods, or methods based on radar or ultrasound detection, the method has the disadvantage that the detection of useful plants against weeds is often still uncertain and completely fails with certain useful plants / weed combinations. This is due in particular to the fact that plants and weeds are not solid geometrical structures and vary greatly in their shape and color as well as their habit in the course of their growth and development, but also as a function of environmental influences. This limits the image analytical recognition in principle.

For various purposes, it appears desirable to cultivate crops and / or crops in front of different ones

Backgrounds, especially in addition to weeds, can be optically detected and optionally treated. Possible areas of application for such crop detection range from the ecological mapping of crops through targeted plant protection measures in agriculture, the targeted agricultural processing of crops to automatic harvesting processes and the sorting of crops.

The invention is therefore based on the problem that crop plants should be recognized and, if appropriate, treated with as high a precision and accuracy as possible in front of various and changing backgrounds, in particular next to other plants such as weeds.

To solve this problem, a method according to the invention is provided as specified in claim 1. 1 Φ 1 1 Φ 1 -P • P. ,

1 0 4-1 ß: 3 N 1 ß SH 1 g 1 g TJ 1 A

TJ 1 rl u Φ ß φ MH ß 1 X ß rd Φ Φ CQ g CQ Φ ß ß φ ü

1 ß φ PH Φ CO • H • H rd: rd u Φ • rl XI rd • H 1 X ß 4-1 0 • H Φ

• H Φ φ • H Φ TJ rl rd N MH 4-1 J 4-1 Φ ß u rd CQ MH • P Φ

& PQ ß -P Φ N ε Φ MH Φ x ß OH X CQ • H Φ TJ rd ß Cn: rd TJ ß X! TJ 3 Φ TJ rl • H OH Cn rd ß Φ rd Φ Φ OH N Φ Cn X 0: 0

TJ Φ 0 U ß TJ ß u & UN ß 3 φ 4-1 ß XI CQ ß & ri • H u> g Φ ß ß ß co • H Φ ß • H 0 3 4-1 0 MH 4-1 ß φ Cn rd • rl rd Φ J CQ Cn • H rd • HJ SH • H Φ £ rl ß 4J> OH: 3 TJ ^• H ß ß Φ -i ß -P ß 4-1 Cn

-P Φ g Φ 0 rH SH 3 CO Cn Φ XI MH • H -P Φ SH ß Φ u Xi

CQ φ ε • H xi 4-1 CQ φ • H 3 OH ß 3 «Cn CQ N PH • rl S 3 Xl rd ü

Φ TJ X! Φ -P u 3 -P -P «O Φ 4-1 φ CQ CO ß ß rd g 4-1 &: 3 X 3

XX ß u 3 4-1 SH ε fd X rd r- ß ß -P Φ rd ß ß ^• n N 0 TJ Φ SH fd ß 3 • H rd 3 SH U ε rl ß xi 3 φ rd xi 4-1 rH rd 0 4-1 ß ß 3 Φ u φ rH <-i TJ TJ Φ • H Φ rd: 3

N Cn ε «TJ U φ MH X> ß 3 rd Φ φ 4-1 xx φ rd • rl TJ 0 J CM TJ Φ J α ß X φ J 4-1 Xi 3 ß: 3 4- ⁾ JX ß MH ß C c ß JJ ß ß Φ u • HO ri rd fd Φ -P x: & φ ß Cn Φ CQ Φ φ rd Cn g 0 0 s CQ CQ SH 4-> φ

-P rd Φ υ Φ TJ N ß rd J Xl 4-J ß φ ß φ ^• H ß Φ φ CQ ß?

MH ß ß TJ • H Φ ß ß 3 • H TJ φ CQ Φ u 3 SH 4-1 -P TJ Φ O TJ ^• H 0 ß

OH 0 Q N 3 rd Φ 4-1 ß s φ ß u TJ CM td rd ß N 5 TJ P

H X 4-1 ß rH ß TJ ß 0 XI: 3 o g X 3 ß ß Cn 4-1

3 • H 4-1 CQ • rd MH Φ ß Φ Φ> • -PX • H. u ^• H rd X ß ß CQ

4-1 g ε xi rd J -P OH 4-1 rd> TJ ß ε Cn Xl & 0 ri ri ß u 3 φ rd rH φ u TJ SH MH X o ß • H rd TJ NN MH OH -P MH Φ ß 3 MH> TJ

3 TJ • rl • rH OH Φ 3 rd Φ ß • H φ CQ CQ ß ß XI ß OH CQ PH TJ r-i <OH ß

W Φ rQ o & 4-1 Xi PJ 0 ß Φ CQ Φ Φ rd Φ M • H u Φ g 0 Φ u TJ 1 CQ 3 4-1> 0 TJ -P SH 1 Φ φ 4-> •: rd X • H rl o φ> rH -P -P ^ 3 Φ SH φ TJ TJ CQ Φ -P ß Φ Cn & 4J ß X TJ φ> s P fd Cn rH φ «Φ ß OH ß SH X Φ MH 3 Φ ß • rl J Φ Φ Cn

TJ 4-1 Φ 3 4-1 CQ J φ OH 3 Φ Φ u XI MH rd XI • HJ 4-1 g TJ XX ß _* >. g ß 4-> _** «φ 3 -P Φ C TJ ß • rl SH u Φ ß ß SH N SH 4-1 3 ß

• φ Φ 4-1 Φ TJ φ rd rH Cn φ φ α, * r-i φ Φ Φ 4-1 Φ 3 φ

& J ε X Cn ß TJ φ rd XI ß CQ N ß 0 XI 5 ß • H 3 5 rd Xi -P

N ß Φ 3 ß Φ rd XX X u Φ φ ß X P CQ 0 4-1 ß N XI M: 3: rd

XX • H N. TJ rd ß o. TJ υ CQ 4-1 Φ ri CQ rd u 0: θ • H u 4-1 X MH ß rd 0 Φ 4-1 S ß o J ß rd ri u 3 SH »-» ß X CQ (H ß ß Φ φ rd • SH XI Cn XN Φ φ.MH ε MH 3 N Φ ß OH ß Φ P Φ 0

N • P rH • H OH u Q φ Xl u CQ Φ X q ß • H OH TJ ß φ 4-1 OH Φ i ß u MH ß CQ ß 4-1 Q 0 rd CM. Φ 4-1 1 • HJ OH rd NN ß • rH ß fd φ OH _* . Φ • H fd Φ Φ 4-1 TJ. N ß. g XI SH φ rl 3 rd ß 3 Φ Φ O

• H SH Xi 0 -P Q N • X ß ß φ Φ PQ rd u 3 φ rd MH 4-1 rd TJ Xi os>

MH 4-1 3 ü OH 4-1 ß 4-1 <0 Φ J xi • CQ fd 4-1 TJ S X CQ SH Φ υ

OH, 4-1 CQ 0 ß rd g: 3> X 4-1 φ N Φ ß ri ß u MH 0 MH CQ Φ Cn φ rH rd φ ri gß MH ß Φ Cn 0 0 3 rd ß φ TJ PH • H • rl ß

3 4-1 3 -P J Φ φ xi MH • H 0 Cn Φ ß • H Φ X & «X φ XI rd X ß TJ 3

-P Φ «CQ N TJ U OH 4-1> • ß 0, rd Xi Cn ug ß TJ: 3 TJ ß u rd. J ß ß CQ rl CQ CQ 3 X Φ CQ Φ _{* •} ß <φ φ 3 0 • H Xi φ Φ ß

3 rl: 3 Φ d ß • H 3 Φ Cn • ß 0 ß • rl TJ ß 0 • H ß PQ ß> υ CQ 3 φ

W φ X TJ 0 -P -P XI ß N ß • rH Φ ß -P Φ>. x: r-i 4-1 Φ • H Φ CQ φ TJ MH • rl OH H 3 Φ CQ CQ rd OH -P J ß u Φ g SH N 3 g Φ 4-1 CQ

Φ J U • H PH CQ 0 3 SH l-Q ß • H Φ TJ 0 SH CQ ß CQ • P H Φ 4-1 Φ & O td

CQ 0 Cn Φ Φ CQ w rd Φ 4-1 Φ Φ ß g Φ • H rd 4-1 -P Xi rd J u CQ MH

Φ ß TJ XX ß 3 Φ Φ Cn S Φ ß ß S ß X ß • H • U CQ 3 r-i φ SH

• H 4-1 3 0 Φ ε φ C "Φ TJ • rl 3 CQ CQ ß Φ ß 4-> Φ g X • rl ß 0 N φ • H Φ

Q ß rH »-. J Φ TJ φ • rl 4-1 ß TJ Φ Cn X rd N ^• H -P rH ß N u CQ CQ TJ ß Xi -P 4-1 4-1 o TJ OO Φ N 3 u X ß Φ g: rd Φ Φ 4-1 • rl MH w ß OH Φ

• rd rd XI Cn ß XS _* -. ^ N rd rd g X TJ CQ 3 Φ MH ß Φ CQ Xi

4- ⁾ X u • H u SH • P CQ Φ ß s ß TJ u in Xi Φ SH ß 4-1 • H φ • H

CQ -P • H 0 Φ 0 • H Φ • H Φ φ Φ o φ Φ MH ß 4-1 φ Φ Φ υ Φ SH Φ rd: rd Φ TJ Φ

• rl Φ CQ rH MH -P PI CQ ε 4-1 TJ> 4-1 S> XI N PH 3> S & Q PQ 4-1 QXU Xl o Pi

CQ CQ CQ O ß 1 Φ 1 1

SH 3 rd 1 CQ 1 1 ß SH J rH 1 1 1 -i xi β Φ <3 TJ ß r-i ß 1 rd 3 ß O φ 1 Cn • H r-i 3 υ ß

CQ ß Φ φ TJ 3 Φ Φ ß φ X -P Φ CQ X φ ß Φ 0 r <1 3 Φ 1 s rd X •: 3 TJ cq N SH «X> P TJ ti -i ü PQ 3 1 Pi MH rd ti ß

O TJ o ß MH rl: 0 ß • r | ü 0 Cn 3 X Φ 1 U ß SH 3 • H φ. t ~ - Φ Φ • r | U rd & CQ CQ ß SH ß «Φ ß ß Φ Φ P ß Φ Φ 4-1 ß Φ N Φ ß w TJ & Xi Cn S 0 t- rd • H Φ φ φ 3 1 MH • r | φ Φ • r | 3 Φ TJ ri ß EH ß ß rH g SH υ ß MH Cn TJ ß -PX! 4-1 rH -PW TJ NQ Φ CQ TJ ß ß 3 td rd ^• H φ

• H CQ • H 3 CQ SH PH ß rd: rd u: rd TJ xi. 0 ß -P Φ Φ Φ r X ß r-i Φ J

H υ & Φ rH TJ Φ 3 3 X CQ ß u S *. rd • CO ß ß N r-i 1 fd MH ß ß Cn • r | ES) ß -P Φ ü Φ • r | Φ rd • rl N φ SH t- ß • r | X ß X -P. OH

Φ rl O CQ TJ Φ Cn ß Cn XI a XX TJ φ MH Φ φ Φ ε rd c ^• HX rd φ XI ß SH U 3 Xi ß Φ Φ X Φ ß> rd O ε CQ rd N Φ X PH X • rH u ri MH u ß Φ 3

3> ü J 0 t-i Cn xi 4-1 PQ ß Φ p υ Φ TJ Cn CQ MH • r | rd TJ -P X φ J CQ CQ O • r | X Φ ti ß u • rl Φ Cn [3 CQ -P ß • H OH ß 3 XO rH u -P ß ri ß 4J -P u XI rd 0 3 Φ Φ ß ß • H Φ CQ cq 3 <-i Φ 3 • H ß

• H Φ Φ ß - rd 3 • P ß> -P ε OH • H Φ • rl -P Cn rl Φ rd N Φ Λ ß ß ». W CQ

MH -P -P ω -P t-i rd -i Cn • r | CO Q J u rl 0 Φ XX TJ X N u Φ Φ Φ w

4J 1 φ φ Φ • H Cn φ Cn 1 φ Φ t-i TJ: 3 ß ß • H ß TJ N CQ

W • H φ ß 4-1 Pi XX & CO ß XI ß ri. ß Cn • H 0 ß ti 0 MH Φ ^• t- φ Φ SH ß Φ Φ φ ε 5 • r | • H ε 3 U 3 φ CQ • H 4-1 • H rd φ CQ ß XW TJ Φ rd xi ß

SH t-i φ Φ ß φ P φ rd SH 4-> Φ ß r XI 4-1 Φ ü φ & r ^ \ 0 ß • H

Φ ti ti 3 ri • r (> ß Φ Φ Φ -P 4-1 «. Φ Φ Φ -P. XI rd ß PQ ß MH X! Ss Φ J rd φ 1 φ Φ φ 3 PQ 3 • H: rd ß ß 4J Cn • H • rl ß • rl X Φ • H ß OH rd ß & rd Cn Cn ß Φ Φ SH φ Φ Φ ß Et ß φ Φ ß 4-1 4-1 ε N φ Cn TJ TJ 3 0 C ε Φ φ TJ ß Φ ß X SH ε Cn X t ^ XI Q Cn Pi ß • r | «. G 3 Φ Φ

SH ^• H u rd 3 Cn TJ 0 O Φ CO -P Cn ri Cn CQ Cn -i • H ß ß 4-1 ß • H TJ

0 CO co Φ r-i • H ß & J 3 CQ o ß ß ß ß 0 u Φ φ -P Φ 0 t-i 0 Φ o

MH ß ß TJ 4-1 3 φ 0 SH xi Cn MH • P Φ • H _* »3 MH φ i ti X! ß 3 • r | XI τj <CQ Φ ß • rl Φ ß: 0 XI n 3 3 u ß SH N ti X ß • H υ φ U φ W -P rl Cn

Cn ß φ φ N rd ß N 1 N CQ 3 Φ SH ß XX Φ Φ • rl Φ Q • H • H Cn • r | Φ ß ß Φ ß ß x: ß φ Cn N ß 4-1 Φ rd CQ 4-1: rd φ XX • H N Φ rl CQ • H 3

3 ß φ Xi rd Φ 3> ß ß 4-1 Φ Φ • H ß TJ ti 3 4-> 4-1 X o Eä Φ 0 Φ 0 W Cn rl ß XI u ti PQ 3 ß 3 CQ N Φ Φ o MH <• rl CQ u ß SN Cn φ> TJ PH ß

X 0 φ CQ MH ß -P TJ rd xi • rl ß XI Ä OH ε ß CQ • H PQ •: 3

: 3 Es Cn • H OH SH • r | • rl ri X u Φ rd SH υ ß SH CQ Φ • H _* •> CQ Cn ß ß ß ß Q

MH φ Φ -P Φ ω ε • r | CQ 5 r-i rd • H φ 3 Φ Cn N ß CQ -P 3 ß ß Φ rd rd φ

CQ Cn Cn rd 3 TJ rd XI ß ß CQ MH φ Φ J 4-1 TJ ß ß fd Φ xi fd 3 • rl TJ J Φ

3 SH ε 4-1. J N • H Φ -i PH XI rl r-i 3 rd xi -P φ r-i 4-1 • SH ß

<Cn 0 o rH Φ 4-1 ß Φ N Φ TJ Φ 3 3 ß MH ri u: rd -P -P TJ u 3 ti & • H ß> 4-1 3 X Cn Φ φ ri ß • H SH ti PQ g «• H QA MH φ SH CQ SH ß φ g φ N & Φ ß 3 3 W Φ • H SH ri rd OH Φ φ ε PH ε Φ Φ O fd TJ • H XI

Φ J 4-1 rd: rd t-i TJ φ rd t-i CQ TJ CM ß • P SH ß: rd Cn Xl J xi O -P N 4-1 ».

4J rH • H rl 4-1 Φ MH MH • H o Φ rl Φ ß X • X N φ rt Φ w rl Cn

Cn ^• H ε TJ Φ O Cn J MH ti PH Φ CQ TJ Φ TJ fd Φ & u -P CQ ß PQ Φ Φ Cn φ X ß

3 XI rl TJ -P ß • H rd XI Φ Φ • rl r X) N 3 3 Φ o -P • H N: 3 3

N N TJ • rl Φ CQ 3 Q ß ß -P ß ß -P ß 4-1 XI rd xi 4-> Φ X! 4-> Cn ß MH r-i ß ß & Cn • H Φ Cn Φ «. : rd • H • H X Φ Cn 3 u: rd ß U X ß rd Φ J

0 φ 3 ß TJ MH ß Φ • H Λ ß φ φ ß ß rd • »ß CQ U XI • r | ^• rl φ 3 rH Cn ß

> CQ 3 r-i • H CQ U Φ Φ -P 4-1 o 3 rl t-i ß ß Φ ü Φ TJ -P r-i MH X rd φ φ -P • H rH. CQ φ J ß CQ TJ Cn Cn t- Φ • H rH r φ rd Φ Cn 3 ß φ J OH u X xx MH Φ ß TJ ri 4-1 Φ • H rl X ß Φ J CQ TJ ß -PXNX rd Φ φ TJ ß U rl φ

T MH 4-> XX ß N rd 4-1 ß xi N ε φ u 3 • H CQ ß P -P ß u. • H N rd 3 3 xi

00 SH • H • r | φ rd XI ß • H φ u ß Φ & rd X N ß • H rd • H Cn rd rd Φ ß E? ß ß xi 4-1 J ß ve φ Q φ Cn X Cn ε TJ rd X X ß Φ Φ ε X! ε ß r-i X • rl ß rd φ Φ r-i Φ

VH ß rl rl Φ cq • r | N φ 3> -i ü -P 1 Φ Cn N φ Φ Φ N 3 MH 1 Eä rd 0 t-i N PQ 3 Φ N oδ • r | X φ W PQ rd CO 4-1 -HJ MH Φ 4-1 J ß -P PQ X -P> -i PH -PX CQ MH ß W -P ß β \ φ ü XI ε 3 ε OH SH TJ 3 ß rd xi u 3 TJ 3 • »ß OH rd Φ X rd

O u MH ε Φ CQ CQ X rl CQ Φ ß rd ß ri ü Φ CQ X ß CQ td ß ß Φ SH ri ß SH U r- ß 3 3 φ • H 3 Φ U Φ rd 3 J Φ SH 3 rd MH • HX • r | U rd Φ Φ Φ Xl 3 MH • r | Φ • r | MH

H TJ td TJ TJ <TJ CQ> Q -P o X N TJ OH hQ u ε CQ X! J X X! Cn w -P OH φ J J PH

The detection of the crop plants can also serve to control their harvest. A harvesting machine for picking or clearing the crop is then controlled by the signal obtained by the method. The crop which has already been harvested can also be optically detected according to the invention, the treatment of the plant consisting in sorting the crop.

The procedure can alternatively be carried out online or offline. An online method here means a method in which the almost simultaneous detection of the plants by optical detection and the control of actuators, such as the switching of valves, the control of a crop protection device or the steering of a field cultivation device. An offline method is understood here to mean such a method in which the detection takes place in a first step, whereupon the data are assigned to spatial positions and then temporarily stored, for example on a data carrier. In a subsequent second step, the cultivated plants are then processed separately using the data obtained in step 1. In this way, field sprayers, chippers, fertilizer spreaders etc. can be controlled. The position of the individual crop plants can be recorded with a conventional GPS system. The data can be processed in the form of a card or in the form of instructions, e.g. a computer program for electronically controlled agricultural machinery. For the first stage of the offline process, in addition to driving over the arable land with a tractor equipped with detection systems, remote sensing with aircraft or satellites is also possible.

The connection of suitable transgenic crop plants with the detection and processing according to the invention provides a number of applications for the targeted control of devices in agricultural cultivation practice. 1 1 φ ß 1 ß 1 ß

CQ ». Φ CQ 1 • H ß xi p. -P Φ MH φ X ß Φ rd »CQ 4-1 Φ 1 p ß ß Φ ß u φ P ß ß 3 TJ N ü Φ X!

MH XI Φ ß SH TJ TJ φ ß Φ Φ XI • P • H TJ Φ φ 4-> Xi • H <P ß • P 4-1 ü m P u • P φ Φ 1 4-1 φ CQ TJ CQ CQ ß 3 SH u X! Φ P • P rd -i: rd CQ o W • H xl ß • H ß φ • H φ XJ TJ: 3 ß ε d Φ X g ^• ri u PP φ ri Cn P • P l ~ Φ υ Φ P - P g CM φ P Φ Φ. • PP: 3 CQ • ri TJ Φ φ TJ MH = 0 Φ Es

Φ P • rl Cn X • H 3 Cn ß cq SH -P MH ß CQ p TJ TJ CQ Pn S Cn N

^• H g Φ rQ CQ rd u ü X ß SH N ß Φ ri Φ: rd Φ CQ Xl φ rd • ri 4-1 ß CQ

TJ Xl ß ε φ • rH u • H 4-1 Φ • H rd 4-1 r-i J P U -P Q 4-1 Es ß P • P Φ ß Φ Cn P

H υ ß ß rd TJ Q • rl Φ Φ Φ TJ ri Φ 0 Φ SH p cq 0 XI φ P Φ ^• P ß Φ

X Φ Φ SH SH Φ PQ r- P CQ Cn 3 xi. : rd X> φ XX ß TJ 3 TJ u Cn ß 4-1 3 Cn P ri P 1 • rl ß Φ O -P Φ Cn ß TJ rd 4-1 rH u ε Cn rd ri MH op ß: 3 ß ß Φ Cn: 3 φ -P 0 ri> MH TJ ß: 3 CM Cn u TJ • P MH Φ xi A

3: rd P SH - 3 TJ SH MH ß ß> ri 3 rd 3 QP Φ _* »3 xi 3 cq N u ε ß

TJ ri Cn Φ TJ Φ • rl φ Φ TJ rd P Cn Φ Φ ß TJ • H υ rd 3 ß • P: rd φ ß JN ri ß> n ri> Φ & ß Cn ß ß Cn • ri Φ Φ rd & • P ß -i • P CQ xi

Xi Φ CQ ß • H 0 ß ß TJ XI 3 ß CQ: 3 Φ ß TJ Cn TJ Q CQ Φ X Φ Φ • P u ri φ ß Φ XX> ß 3 o φ rd u rl Cn J 4-1: 3 ß ß P 0 ü 4-1 XX φ

^• H ri TJ 0 NN Φ CQ • HP CQ X φ ß MH Φ TJ P rd • H. φ ß CQ Φ XX -PP

CQ Φ • H CQ ß Cn TJ • H g J Φ CQ U 4-1 3 MH 4-1 Cn: 3 MH ß P ß Φ ß • P • P 3 ß

ES X CQ Φ φ • H Φ Cn ß 3 CQ X o CQ • ri MH ß Φ Φ Xi td • P <J Cn rd φ

-P ü CQ Cn Xi & ß Φ rd Φ ü -P: 3 CQ p XI P rd X Q P P N cq ε • rl • P 0 φ ß u ß X φ Φ TJ s Φ CQ CQ ß φ Φ CM CQ TJ Φ X ß

: fd Φ φ ε 3 MH: rd fd o TJ • rl rd 4-1 TJ X Φ: 3 Φ 3 ß • H TJ. Φ ß ß rd ß Φ r-i MH xi 3 p 3 p TJ XI CQ ß ß u Cn rH CQ Φ Φ -P P ß ß TJ 3 -P P •

• rl φ 4-1 CM • H XX Q φ rd φ u • H Φ • H CQ CM CQ PNX Φ 3 Φ • P MH ß ß φ PQ XQ rd 3 & ß co N 4-1 3 rd 4-1 ß Φ Q g -P ß ε ß CX φ

Φ U ß ß • Φ CQ ß CQ Φ ß CO d 4-1 n CQ rd 4-1 -P T3 • P Φ rd Φ P -P

TJ ß ε • H Φ φ 3 ß -P rH 4-1 φ p Φ ^• H rd • H p P ri φ. Φ • P ε xi Q XI 3 • P

⁽ JO ß • H • rH rQ ß TJ Φ O rd: rd & φ ^• H TJ ri Φ p ε Xi φ MH TJ X! • P & rd • P u 4-1 Φ

: rd: 3 ß TJ g SH J Q MH xi: 3 rd Cn OH U CQ TJ Φ • CQ Xt

4-> • SH P Φ ß g φ 1 Φ _^ OH U MH 4-1 CM ß P -P • P rd CQ Pi ß • P 3 P

CQ rd PQ φ Cn cq 3 • H ß Φ Cn -P p • ß P CQ rd: rd: 3 3 xi r-i r-i Φ TJ Φ ß rd

Φ g • TJ Φ 4-1 • H ß N Φ φ 4-1 p 3 • H TJ SH Cn Q -P u Cn -P 4-1 ß φ TJ rd Φ

X! ß N P • H Cn CQ Φ • H 4-1 ß xi CQ φ -P MH Φ • H rH • H: 0 ß: rd 3 • P P Xi ß XI

Φ • HX Φ • P Φ rH MH: 3 • rl 4-1 ri • H ε MH P 3 Φ ε Φ P TJ φ U Φ J Φ u TJ XI 4-1 XX ß MH P MH φ 3 3 N Φ N 3 Φ W r- Φ ß Es Φ TJ Φ

• H -P • rH ü 3 ß MH OH = 0 ß &: rd «Φ ß 4-1: rd J CQ Cn Cn Φ ß ε xi

Φ CQ cq φ ß CQ Φ in rd O CQ Φ Φ MH rl OH • ri • H X o Φ Cn P ß CQ CQ φ 4-1 ß • P

P Φ rd P Φ ß TJ Φ TJ TJ Cn ß 3 -i CQ CQ Φ P ß ß φ 3 4-1 CQ ß P Φ φ

4-1 TJ MH Φ ß rd ß TJ g • H rd ß. Φ ß OH ß ß • ri 3 C X • P fd ß Φ o X! cü

P rd P PQ • rl • H ß ß ^• H Φ ß Φ P -P TJ Φ -P CQ Φ Φ Φ TJ OH ß Φ Cn: 0 • P> u

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Φ 3 ß φ ß Cn ß Φ 0 • 3 r-i Cn Cn Φ CQ J g 3 N CQ -P φ P -P 3 ß Φ Φ • P

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• H u Φ N Cn N P φ 3 3 rl MH φ & ß XI 3 Cn Φ Φ rd TJ: θ TJ Φ U ß

Φ φ MH TJ g ß ß ß Φ -P TJ ß Φ MH O P 4-> H-> • rl Φ Ä P TJ TJ X Cn Xi 3 • P 4-1: rd φ

& Q PH ß • H rd 3 rd &: rd P Φ ß U OH> C-l ß Φ TJ u XI Φ ß Cn P X O rH N

- ^ CQ d X r-i ß P Φ CQ Φ Φ ε Φ Φ • H CQ rd XI Cn 3 ß φ ß Cn CM ß

C * r-i CQ Φ MH u MH Φ Φ &: 3 P TJ: rd TJ ß -P Φ ß CM u ß P X 3 Φ • P P rd

00

Φ Φ r-i ε Φ OH φ OH r-i Cn J Xi 4-1 X ß φ • H Cn • H P Φ rd 3 φ u 4-1 X xi -P φ Φ

• rH TJ ri 3 NP TJ SH ri N 4-1 N rd 3 Φ 3 TJ Φ ß g -PN ß ß P TJ rd ri u • P 3 TJ • P MH oδ OH rd N ß 3 -P 3 Φ -P ι-i 4-1 MH rd PQ 3 Φ ß Φ Φ & rd P Φ Φ TJ PH

«\ CQ Cn rd -P 3 -P Es r-i • H P rl r-i xi Xi Cn rl 0 fd CQ CQ 3 φ P X! 3 i TJ -P

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Φ 3 Φ ß MH 3 P 3 ü OH • P OH XX ß Φ 0 rd 3: 3 TJ g MH • H • ri • P d xi • P rd ß • P φ • P φ

PQ CQ TJ 3 PH «X * o IQ CQ O: 3 P TJ> s rd Q 0 H PH TJ J O Cn: P w TJ H φ X TJ J

1 1 1 Φ Cn Cn 1 1

Φ cq 1 1 CQ ß 1 4-1 N ß P ß 1 4-1 ß

V © 3 rd CQ Φ 3 ß ß Φ P ^• P ß 1 3 Φ 3 3 1 fd • P 1

Φ g Φ P Cn Φ: rd Φ φ MH rd g td Cn TJ P TJ 0 X φ • P 1

X 4-1 CQ r-i TJ 3 • P P cq MH Cn W Φ -P t-i 3 Φ Φ ß g OH φ P

© υ co Cn d P ß g QX Xi: rd ^• P ß -P MH MH QP ^• P 3 • P 0 Φ CQ P PQ 0 t ^ ^• P ß g • P Φ ß rd g P 3 TJ x; td Q4 ß φ Φ -PPP 0 0> -i φ 3 _ß & Φ TJ • P MH ß Φ Cn TJ ß u xi P ß <XX -P Xl PH rd X 4-> • g P • P ri υ CQ ß P Φ Cn P ß 3 • P ri 3 Φ CO u XX OH o ß P φ QJQ 4-1: 3 ß Φ ß φ PQ Φ φ ri • ri 4-1 4-1 P ». • P ß P ^• P ε Φ o

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MH Φ Φ φ ß Cn υ MH ß φ td TJ Cn • P. 3 0 P CQ P ß Φ CQ 3 0 Xi ε o

P 4-1 PQ rd • P • P Φ ^• P cq ß 3 φ φ ß Cn> Φ Cn • P φ 3 ß ^• P TJ ri P ü P

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TJ XI X ß XI Φ ß P ß Φ 3 PX φ rd ß P φ ß X -P ß N 4-1 ^• P ü ß ß ß ü & ß φ Φ Cn Φ P ß co <φ • P • P • ri φ • P Φ Φ XI Pi CQ Φ Φ

3 3 CQ • P ß Φ Φ 4-1 TJ Q ß Φ 4-1 o TJ g CQ TJ Φ CQ OH u • P xi

N • P φ Φ ^• n Eä 3 ß Cn Φ g ES CQ> TJ Xi ß P ß> ϊ ß 4-1 • P CQ • PP MH Cn u

4-> g XI TJ: rd rd • ß X Φ • P ß U 0 0 Φ X φ 0 Φ Φ t-i Φ • P ß CQ

X • P Φ 0 • P Φ P Xi ß 3 P TJ ß Cn 3 rd CQ MH ri OH & P & XI TJ N 3 • P u Φ X & N • P TJ XP Φ TJ 3 Φ ß ß ß Φ CQ ri 0 P PH CQ φ P Φ TJ MH

CQ P u • P TJ P ß o J ß 0 4-1 4-1 P 3 ß PQ ß Φ -P φ ri & φ 4-> OH ß • P ß MH. XI ^• PP> P ^• P • PP Φ ß P fd N o> ß φ φ TJ ^• P CQ φ N

: 3 ü 4-1 P CQ P cq Es φ MH ß g Φ + J ß Φ Φ. P X Φ • P Cn Φ Φ Es Φ

3: 3 φ φ rd X • P & P O 3: 3 Φ 4-1 ß XI 4-1 P OH •. J OH ß X. XI ß A

P rd MH 4-1 X TJ 4-1 u φ Φ> Φ Φ Cn P -P Φ u Φ 4-1 ß CQ P ß ß ß φ <CQ

Φ P: rd Φ • P xi -P • P 4-1 Φ EH: rd Cn • P Xi P • PP Φ • P Φ rd ^• P • P Es ß r ^ X CQ P ß -P rH ti CQ. TJ CQ 4-1 ti CQ ri u X Φ φ P Φ TJ X Φ φ Φ P Φ

Cn ß Φ φ ß t-i X ß Φ Φ PQ Φ ß P PQ ß P CQ • P XI • P φ XX 0 P CQ Cn φ 4-1

^• P 3 -P Cn> Φ rd u ß TJ TJ Cn P Φ rd φ • P TJ • PP Φ TJ: 3

MH: rd N • P TJ X: rd rd ß N ß ω TJ ß P TJ Cn g ß 0 -P »ß 0 4-1 r-i P rH

3 ß P 4-1 -P P u CQ X rd ß φ 4-1 0 -P P 0 0 • P X -P ß Φ 4-1 ß φ Φ xi rQ

: rd Φ Φ • PX Φ CQ 4J X! φ _* . N ^• P ß • P> 0 ri ß φ • P Φ X! o P MH TJ υ

X g Cn P φ Es Φ rd ß Φ 4-1 Φ ß g 0 φ Φ MH 0 φ ß g P ü g MH O rd ß g N OH ri Cn -P φ XI • P 4-> rd> XI Cn ß P • ri 0 P • P Φ o CQ 0 ß 0 ß Φ

CQ o 4-1 CQ φ ß ß C Φ ß r-i TJ ß • P φ XX: 3 φ 4-1 4-1 • P P φ -P P ß

Φ X 3 TJ CQ Φ • P TJ TJ XP MH ß Cn Φ 3 φ CQ MH -PX 0 MH PH ß P φ xl • P ri Xi ß Φ ß Φ • P XI w PH 3 ß CQ ß φ 4-1 rd o ü g • P ^• P rd X u φ

4-> t-i ü rd 4-1 g rd Pi N ü 3 • P ß -P N X TJ Φ P • P 0 N P Φ W ü • P

CQ 0 CQ PQ • P 0 ri PQ ^• P ^• PP ß -PP Φ Φ CQ ß ü • P PH rH P Φ Φ rH CQ CQ ß

• P> ß g ß • ri ß XI r-i Φ Φ P Φ Es P • P rd • P ß TJ PH OH CQ X P • P rd

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= 0 rd • P 4-1 t-i Cn MH -. Φ Φ P ß • P TJ • P cq

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P • P rd ^• P • P 0> ß ß N φ -PX 0 • P Φ 3 PX! • P ß ß X 4-1 J CQ Φ r ß

3 φ r-i φ φ> Φ φ g 4-> Xt ß φ • CO OH TJ J 3 ü XI Φ Φ ß u: 3 • 3 OH approx

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3 Φ PQ P CQ φ rd CQ • P ß u TJ ß φ Φ φ MH 3 CQ CQ Φ • P CQ TJ rH 4-1 Φ X! P Φ

XN CQ • Φ MH • P φ ^• P • P ri ß TJ xx TJ PW CQ -P CQ φ _* »o 0 CQ U • P CQ

Tt ß ß Φ N TJ ß PP Es cq CQ ti ß: 0 0 w Φ P TJ -P Φ • P ß MH ε td • P Es • P r <Φ rd ß φ Φ N -P Φ Φ X • P . Φ ß φ • P • P P X φ P o t-i rH Φ

00 X rH • P -. ß rd XI XI • P Φ ß ß P φ xi ß φ TJ • P ß -P g OH u P Φ P> 1 -P &

• P MH Φ ß ^• P TJ: 3: 3 Φ g P φ • P xi ß XI u ri • P ß φ • P 0 φ X CQ rd PH X ß N CQ

06 Φ PH Φ Xi Φ XI xi rd Φ • P φ TJ Φ φ φ 4-1 W P XI. 1 O • P 4-> r-i βs Pi Cn g J ß ß Φ u ß 4-1 φ u MH TJ XI r-i MH P ß r-i xi φ P CQ o XI φ Φ Φ

0 Φ ß rj ß ß TJ: rd P ^• P Cn CQ PP u Cn MH P Φ ß -P ü u Φ • P φ P ü P CQ • P ß • P 3 rd rd rd rd rd ι-H φ Φ P rd φ φ 3: θ 0: 3 • P rd • P 3 • P • P ß • P 0 XI rd XI Φ OH

H TJ P ß Q X J P CM 4-1 ≥ φ g> Es g 4-> CM -P X g a r-i TJ 3 N 4-1 P U o Cn CQ

Use partially if you want to spray during flowering.

The light-emitting protein can advantageously be the "green fluorescence protein (gfp)" from the jellyfish Aequorea viktoria. However, the use of other fluorescence-triggering proteins, in particular from other jellyfish, is conceivable.

When using gfp, a further development of the invention provides that the wavelength range of the excitation and / or the emission of the gfp has been shifted by mutagenesis; this increases the security with which the emission signal of the crop can be separated from the detection signal of the weed or foreign plant. It is advantageous to use a filter in front of the fluorescence detector that transmits light exactly in the wavelength range of the desired window.

The gfp from the jellyfish Aequorea viktoria, which has recently found its way into molecular biology as a marker gene, is a 27 kDa monomeric protein that, when excited with UV or blue light (excitation spectrum with maximum at 395 nm with a secondary peak at 470 nm) produces a green fluorescence (emission at 509 nm with a shoulder at 540 nm) (Prasher et al 1992, Scheen et al 1995). Detection is also possible in the presence of the blue fluorescence of the vacuoles or the red chlorophyll autofluorescence of the plastids. A higher expression rate can also be achieved by optimizing the gfp cDNA sequence. A compartmentalization of the protein in the plant or the use of a light-inducible, tissue-specific or flower-specific promoter may also be indicated.

The transgenic crop plants can in particular be tobacco, potato, rapeseed, beta beet, corn, cereal or vegetable plants. The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. The drawings show:

Fig. 1 - a schematic representation of the detection of transgenic crops next to weeds,

Fig. 2 - the schematic representation of data acquisition in offline mode,

Fig. 3 - a schematic representation of a plant treatment controlled in offline operation,

Fig. 4 - the schematic representation of online operation with associated coverage ratio curves,

Fig. 5 - the schematic representation of a field with tramlines with the associated coverage ratio curve,

Fig. 6 - processing by chopping tools in row crops, and

Fig. 7 - a tape spray.

Fig. 1 shows the detection of transgenic crops next to weeds in a schematic representation. For the detection of green foreign plants in addition to crop plants, a green detector 1 for detecting the light emanating from green plants and a similar detector 2 as a fluorescence detector for the detection of GFP-emitted fluorescence light are used. A filter 3 is connected in front of the detector 2, which, if possible, transmits light of such a wavelength from a peak of the emission spectrum of the light-emitting protein that is not present in the light of the green plants or is present in the lowest possible intensity. If, starting from a light source 4, light of suitable wavelength for optical excitation is now emitted onto the transgenic crop 5, the answer is 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 1

1 ß 1 P ß P CN co Cn CQ φ P TJ 3 1. -P

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4-1 P • P ti ß 4-1 φ o 3 φ φ QPP fd ß rd Φ Hl TJ co <xi 1 0 MH ß 3 o Φ • P CQ φ ß Xi -i XI <φ 4-1 -P Cn Φ 3 MH ß TJ xi ß CO Φ TJ CQ MH • P rd r- Q Es Ee φ ü 3: 3 φ ß ß X ß P • P -P ß: 0 ß φ -P φ TJ • P ti: 0 φ rd P φ «NP • PP Φ: rd Φ ii t- Φ X ΓO Φ ri ß • P ß ß P φ TJ Φ TJ

X ß J ß 0 P 4-> ß 3 φ 4-1 MH ß φ 3 ß N rd φ ε • P 3 xi CM P n φ rd υ Φ Φ 4-1 ß X rd N φ CQ OH • PP * Φ ß. ß ß Cn φ u • P XI P

HP Cn _* -> ß X CQ Φ Φ rH TJ X Φ ε φ P XI Φ X! td Cn • P Cn 4-1 CQ ε & ß u Cn υ 3 Φ 4-1 Φ Φ ri TJ P MH. P ü XI W o P φ -P 3 ri • P ι-i ß ß P Φ Φ ß: rd CQ

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Xi 4-1 t-i ß XI XI 4-1 P φ ß • 0 u TJ Φ • P Φ φ Φ • P TJ • P Φ Φ P Φ X

PX Φ ß Φ: 3 ü ι-i 4-1 ti φ X! rH P ti CQ CQ -P TJ ^• ι — ι xi TJ TJ XI Hl Cn 3 ß u

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= 3 4-1 P CQ rd <J ß P O ß 4-1 ß CN 4-> fd ε X! Φ xi u CN rd φ XI CM P

3 4-1 Φ 3 TJ 1 rd Φ φ Φ 3 rd 3 P 4-1 XI φ φ TJ P 4-1 3 P OH ß ß

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». P Φ Cn ß ß o ß P P CQ rH> • P • P P • P ß • PQ o rd Es N & Φ • TJ Cn ß ß • P Cn. o> ε 3 φ φ P CQ Φ 0 Φ Φ ß 1 CN -P 1 -P N XI ß Φ

0 Φ rH 0 o • P TJ Φ CQ>> d ß φ 0 ß OH N Φ φ O o CQ • P -. ß φ 3 Φ • P

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Φ P Φ P φ Φ 3 Φ 0 ß φ • P • P Φ -P φ MH Xi P 4-1 O MH xi 4-1 φ CQ 3 1 ß Φ

H-l • P 4J 4-1 φ MH 4-1 TJ CQ φ 4-1 φ Φ 4-> • P φ r-i OA ü 3 Φ OH P ß CQ CM Φ H-l φ Φ φ s

X Es Φ xi XI MH • P TJ ß 4J • P OH ε Φ ε 3 rd J CQ 4-1 TJ ε ε Φ • P 0 MH ti ß> TJ XI u TJ ü: 3 • P Φ rd rd. fd Φ CO Φ Q rd ß ε • P ri ß ^• PW TJ Φ PH CQ 3 • P rd υ

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CQ P N • P CQ td Q o XI φ P • P r-i φ TJ Cn CO CM P ß PH ß 3 Φ 3 Φ o TJ Cn ß

X Φ 0 ß ω Φ P Cn> • P Φ ε rd TJ P Φ φ • P 0 3 φ 4-1 P rH ^• P Φ u • P Φ -P φ ß φ TJ 4-1 Φ ß. φ ß> φ Hl rH: 3 TJ TJ ε cq Φ TJ

P It ß N. Φ> 3 φ N: rd ΓO P ß -P • P φ Cn • P P P rH O φ MH ß • P rd • P rd

3 Φ Φ CQ 4-1 TJ PX Cn ß 4-1 (CN Φ φ CQ TJ ß N: rd φ φ -P Φ CN 4-1 rd Hl J TJ XI J Cn TJ Φ XI ti φ υ • P fd Cn CQ TJ XI • P φ X! P -P Cn QP 4-1 Cn Xi Cn H-> u xi P • P • ri -P Φ ri ri • P 4-1 Φ CN 4-1 4-1 P • P • P ß φ • P ß φ • P: rd ß O

^ Φ u X 0 Cn XX • P TJ • ri MH Φ P ^• P 3 ß ß CN ti 1 ß: 3 Φ φ • Φ TJ ε 3 PQ Φ P Hl ß fS CQ rd ü 3 XI φ φ ß Φ OH N φ Φ N φ d ß Φ MH Es N Cn -PP CQ N Φ P φ P

• P 3 CM N Φ 3 CN ß TJ rd ß 0 PN rd P 4-1 ro 3 rH H Φ Φ _" * N 3 TJ

06 J CN TJ Φ CN X! ß • ri rd φ • P Φ TJ rd • P φ ß Q φ rH t- ri P TJ Hl Φ _* »

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Φ 0 3 Φ: rd ß • P MH fd ß a rd 0 u ß 0 -P φ MH 3 Ά H-l a rd fd P 3 P rd a OH Φ • P XI

-P 4-1 ß X ti 3 PQ TJ P ß CQ CQ ^• P> co TJ OH fd CQ CQ xi co 0 N Φ ε CQ Cn Es: 3

has. For this purpose, a signal is transmitted to the field sprayer, which was determined in a sensor unit 40 from the difference signal of the detector output signals from the detectors 1 and 2.

In the lower half of the figure, coverage curves are shown, in which a relative coverage is plotted over a spatial coordinate that corresponds to the direction of travel of the field sprayer shown above. This means: a = total coverage, b = crop coverage, c = difference a-b = weed coverage, d = threshold. Weed nests are clearly recognized and can be treated separately. In areas where the curve c falls below the threshold d, syringes can be recorded.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a field 50 with tramlines 52 created therein. With the data of the degree of coverage curve shown below, a field processing device can be controlled precisely through the alleys. This additional automation relieves the driver and serves for precise processing.

Fig. 6 shows a row culture 60 that is to be processed between rows with a special chopping device. The treatment between the rows takes place continuously, while the treatment in the rows is carried out in a targeted manner by means of a sensor unit 40 and corresponding tools 61 and only between the crop plants. The chopper is controlled in a corresponding manner, as described for driving on alleys using Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 shows a belt spraying, which is controlled with the help of the determined data in such a way that the spray valves are only opened when weeds are located at the run-over point in the belt, as here on belt 70 in comparison to the non-weed belt 71 shown.

Claims

claims

1. A method for the optical detection and treatment of crops and / or crops in front of different backgrounds, in particular next to weeds, characterized in that

that the cultivated plant is a transgenic cultivated plant equipped with a marker gene integrated into the genome of its cells, the gene product of the marker gene being a protein which emits light upon optical excitation,

that the crop is irradiated against the background in which the gene product is optically excited,

that a light emission induced by the radiation of the transgenic crop is optically detected and a signal correlated with the crop and / or crop density is determined therefrom, and that information obtained therefrom is used for the control of actuators in the treatment of the crop.

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the background is an area overgrown by the crop plants, e.g. One field is that in addition to the crop density, the total amount of green plants is optically detected, preferably in the range of green light and a signal correlated with the total number of plants is determined, and that the ratio of crop to weed or Foreign plants is determined.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the signal obtained by difference formation is processed by a computer, compared with predetermined threshold values and automatically a yes-no decision for the treatment or a decision on the extent by means of the size of the signal the treatment is derived.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the signal obtained by difference formation or the crop signal is used to control mechanical or chemical crop protection or processing equipment, for example to control mechanical weed choppers or crop protection agents -Sprayers or for steering a field cultivator.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the treatment is carried out specifically in areas in which non-crop plants have been detected.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the treatment is an application of biological or chemical weed control agents.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the treatment is mechanical and that the control of the crop protection device consists in a row guidance of a weed chopper, wherein chopping between the rows and / or around the plants can take place.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment is carried out specifically on the crop or on parts of the crop.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the treatment is a targeted treatment of the crop, for example fertilization.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the treatment is a harvesting operation, for example picking or grubbing up the crop.

11. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the treatment is carried out on the harvested crop and consists in a sorting of crop.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the detection of the crop plants and the control of the actuators for processing with the aid of signals obtained by the detection takes place almost simultaneously (online).

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that those obtained on the basis of the detection

Signals are assigned to a spatial position, temporarily stored and used in a subsequent separate processing (offline).

14. Non-biologically transformed cultivated plant with a DNA nucleotide sequence stably integrated into the genome of its cells, which is suitable for photophysical excitation Coded light-emitting protein, characterized in that the expression of the light-emitting protein takes place under the control of various promoters, for example light-inducible, flower-specific or tissue-specific promoters.

15. Transformed crop according to claim 14, characterized in that the expression takes place under the control of the light-inducible rbcS promoter of the small subunit of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from the potato.

16. Transformed crop according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the light-emitting protein is the "green fluorescence protein (gfp)" from the jellyfish Aequorea viktoria, or a light-emitting protein of another jellyfish.

17. Transformed crop according to claim 16, characterized in that the wavelength range of the excitation and / or the emission of the gfp has been shifted by mutagenesis.

18. Transformed crop according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the crop plants are in particular:

Tobacco, potato, rapeseed, beta beet, corn, cereals, vegetables.