WO1998016293A1

WO1998016293A1 - Oscillating shower for disc filter

Info

Publication number: WO1998016293A1
Application number: PCT/US1997/018751
Authority: WO
Inventors: Donald Brown; Johan Martensson; Bal K. Sethi; Robert C. Emmett; Steven S. Davis
Original assignee: Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority date: 1996-10-15
Filing date: 1997-10-14
Publication date: 1998-04-23
Also published as: SE9901346D0; FI990840A; FI990840A0; SE9901346L; CA2268781A1; ID27674A; SE518835C2; AU5146698A

Abstract

An oscillating shower (30) for use with a disc filter. The disc filter includes at least one disc (2) and oscillating showers that periodically remove a precoat layer of solids from the surface of the disc. Each oscillating shower (30) moves over the surface of the disc (2) at a varying speed so that water is uniformly applied to the interior and exterior of the disc. At the interior of the disc, where there is a smaller surface area, the oscillating shower moves faster than at the exterior of the disc where the surface area is greater.

Description

OSCILLATING SHOWER FOR DISC FILTER

Background of the Invention

Field of the Invention

The invention relates generally to an agitator used in a disc filter and

in particular to an eductor agitator that is driven by the input slurry.

Prior Art

Disc filters for separating solid particles from liquid are known in the art.

Published International Patent application WO 93/23140 discloses a conventional

rotatable disc filter. As shown in FIGURE 1 , the disc filter includes a plurality of hollow discs 2 having side walls 3 of a filter material. The hollow discs 2 are

coupled to a hollow axle 4 through holes 9. The discs 2 are positioned within a

container 5 which has an inlet 6 (shown in FIGURE 2) for introducing a slurry of

liquid containing solid particles into the container 5. A vacuum pump 7 draws the

liquid through the discs 2. The solid particles accumulate on the surface of the

filter material 3, thereby separating the liquid from the solid particles.

As shown in FIGURE 2, the container 5 is filled approximately half way with

the slurry. Sections of the disc 2 rotate counter-clockwise, enter the slurry and

emerge coated with solid material. A scraper 11 is used to remove solid material

formed on the disc 2. It is desirable to leave a certain amount of the solid

material, referred to as the precoat, on the disc 2. The precoat acts as an

additional filter. The scraper 11 removes a layer of solid material (referred to as

the cake layer) formed on top of the precoat layer The cake falls into a chute 12

and is transferred away from the filter using known conveyance mechanisms. After the filter has been running for some time, the precoat layer becomes

less permeable and does not provide adequate filtering. Accordingly, it is

necessary to periodically remove the precoat layer. The disc filter shown in

FIGURE 2 accomplishes removal of the precoat layer by using an oscillating

spray pipe 14 fitted with a spray nozzle 15. The spray nozzle 15 moves between the periphery and center of the disc 2, sprays water on the disc 2, and removes

the precoat layer.

The use of an oscillating shower to remove solid material from a disc filter

is also described in U.S. Patents 3,252,577 and 4,332,680. A problem common to all these devices is that the shower arm moves at a fixed speed. Because there is

much less disc surface area at the interior of the disc, more water than necessary

is applied to the inner portion of the disc which wastes water. If the speed of the

oscillating shower is increased to correspond to the interior region of the disc, then insufficient spray is achieved at the outer region of the disc.

The disc filter shown in FIGURES 1 and 2 may also be equipped with an

agitator as shown in FIGURE 3. In order for the disc filter to operate efficiently,

the solid particles must be distributed throughout the liquid. This allows the solid

particles to contact the entire surface area of the disc 2 and provides for optimal filtering. In addition, the agitation prevents the solid particles from accumulating

at the bottom of the container 5 and forming a solid mass. As shown in FIGURE

3, an agitator 24 is placed in the container 5. Air is forced through the agitator 24

in order to agitate the slurry. However, using air as the source of the agitation

has drawbacks. The liquid in the disc filter is forced towards the discs 2 through pressure in the container 5. As the liquid passes through the disc there is a

pressure drop. Air bubbles entrained in the liquid will expand at this point and as

a result will partially block the passage of the liquid in the precoat, and thereby

reduce the filter capacity.

Summary of the Invention:

The above-discussed and other drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art

are overcome or alleviated by the disc filter system of the present invention. In

accordance with the present invention, the disc filter includes oscillating showers that periodically remove the precoat layer of solids from the filter discs. Each

oscillating shower moves over the surface of the disc at a varying speed so that

water is uniformly sprayed on the interior and exterior of the disc. At the interior of

the disc, where there is a smaller surface area, the oscillating shower moves

faster than at the exterior of the disc where the surface area is greater. The disc

filter also includes an agitator that forces a portion of the input slurry through a

nozzle and eductor assembly. The output of the eductor assembly agitates the

slurry in the container and prevents the solid particles from settling in the bottom

of the container.

The oscillating shower that oscillates at varying speeds sprays a uniform

amount of water on the surface of the disc. This reduces the amount of water

used in removing the precoat layer and reduces the number of nozzles. Reducing

the number of nozzles decreases the initial and maintenance costs for the disc

filter. The eductor agitator receives the input slurry and uses a portion of the

slurry inside the filter vessel to agitate the contents of the disc filter. This

eliminates the source of compressed air previously used for agitation and thus reduces the energy consumption of the disc filter. The filter capacity is also

improved by not introducing air into the slurry.

The above-discussed and other features and advantages of the present

invention will be appreciated and understood by those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in

the several FIGURES:

FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a conventional disc filter;

FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional end view of the conventional disc filter;

FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional side view of a conventional disc filter

including an agitator;

FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional end view of the disc filter of the present

invention;

FIGURE 4A is a block diagram of the disc filter control system;

FIGURE 5 is an enlarged view of the oscillating shower wand;

FIGURE 6 is a cross-sectional side view of the disc filter of FIGURE 4;

FIGURE 7 is an enlarged view of the oscillating shower actuator;

FIGURES 8A-8C illustrate the path and speed of the oscillating shower

over the filter discs for first and subsequent passes; and FIGURE 9 is an enlarged, exploded view of an eductor agitator.

Detailed Description of the Invention

FIGURE 4 is cross-sectional end view of the disc filter of the present

invention. The disc filter includes at least one disc 2. The disc 2 is similar to

those described in the prior art in that solid material is removed from liquid by

forcing the liquid through filtering discs 2. The liquid is forced through the discs 2

by creating a pressure differential between the container or vessel 5 and the

interior of discs 2 (e.g. by pressurizing container 5 or creating a vacuum in the

interior of discs 2). The discs 2 may be a perforated material such as metal and covered with a filter material such as polypropylene. The filter material is referred

to generally as the filter cloth. Each disc 2 is divided into disc sectors 70 which

are covered with the filter cloth. The discs 2 are positioned within a container 5

that holds the solid/liquid slurry. The level of the slurry can vary but typically is

approximately the center of the disc 2. As the discs 2 rotate, each sector 70 fully enters the slurry and an amount of solid material is deposited on the surface of

each disc sector 70. The solid material is then removed from each sector 70 to

separate the solid from the liquid.

An oscillating shower 30 includes an oscillating shower wand 32 having

shower nozzles 34. The oscillating shower 30 is used to remove the precoat layer

of solids formed on the surface of the disc 2. During normal filtering, the

oscillating shower 30 is not used. At the end of a filtering cycle, the precoat layer

has become impervious to effectively filter and must be removed. The container 5

is drained, the disc 2 is rotated counter-clockwise (as shown of Fig. 4) at a low speed and the oscillating shower removes the precoat layer formed on the disc 2.

In accordance with an important feature of the present invention, the oscillating

shower uniformly sprays the surface of the disc 2 at a varying speed and in a

predetermined pattern. The details of the oscillation pattern of the oscillating

shower 30 are described below with reference to FIGURES 8A-8C.

A scraper mechanism 40 includes a blade 42 that removes the cake layer

from the precoat layer. During filtration, the disc 2 rotates counter-clockwise (as shown on Fig. 4). As each disc sector 70 passes through the slurry and emerges

from the slurry, additional solid material is deposited on the surface of the disc sector 70. As the disc sectors 70 pass the scraper blade 42, the cake layer

formed on top of the precoat layer is removed. The removed solid material falls

into the chute 46. A chute shower 44 sprays water into the chute 46 and allows

the solid material to slide towards the bottom of the chute 46. The solid material is sluiced down into the lime mud mix tank, using chute sprays and recirculated

slurry from the mix tank.

A wash shower 50 is an optional addition to the disc filter. The wash

shower includes a wash pipe 52 and a plurality of wash shower nozzles 54. The

wash shower nozzles 54 spray water at the solid material formed on the disc

sectors 70 as each disc sector 70 while it is in the slurry. When each disc sector

70 emerges from the slurry, it contains both the solid and some of the liquid.

Wash shower 50 replaces a portion of the liquid with water thereby preventing the

liquid which contain higher concentration of chemicals from being discarded in

chute 40. This increases the filtering efficiency of the disc filter. In accordance with yet an another important feature of this invention, an

eductor agitator 60 agitates the slurry in the container 5. If the slurry is not

agitated, the solid material will collect at the bottom of the container 5. This

reduces the filter efficiency. The solid material accumulates at the bottom of the

container 5 can be extremely difficult to remove and can cause mechanical

problems. The educator agitator 60 receives the input slurry from the disc filter

inlet pipe and a portion of the slurry in the vessel and emits a stream of slurry towards the center of the vessel. This sufficiently agitates the slurry to prevent

settling of the solid material but does not require the deleterious use of air which

conventional systems have used as described above. As shown in FIGURE 6, an

eductor agitator 60 is positioned at each side of each disc. The details of the

eductor agitator 60 are described below with reference to FIGURE 9.

The operation of the disc filter will now be summarized. The liquid/solid

slurry is fed into the container 5 through an inlet pipe. The container 5 is then

pressurized and the discs 2 are rotated counter-clockwise (as shown in Fig. 4).

As the disc sectors 70 emerge from the slurry, they are coated with a cake of the

solid material and liquid. The wash shower 50, if used, displaces the liquid to

prevent the liquid from being discarded down chute 40. The cake layer formed on top of the precoat layer is then removed by scraper blade 42. This process

continues for a desired time period until the precoat layer becomes too impervious

and must be removed to sustain filter capacity. At this time, the container is

drained, the discs 2 are slowly rotated, and the oscillating shower 30 removes the precoat layer. Once the precoat layer is removed, the filtering process is

resumed.

Instead of removing the precoat at the end of the filtering cycle, the

decision to initiate the oscillating shower 30 may be made automatically by control

circuitry. When either a high slurry level or a pressure drop is detected by control

circuity, the oscillating shower is activated. As shown in FIGURE 4A, a slurry level sensor 200 positioned within the container 5 detects the level of the slurry.

A pressure sensor 210 detects if the pressure in the vacuum system is increasing.

Both these conditions indicate that flow through the filter discs 2 is impeded and

that the filter sectors 70 need cleaning. Upon detection of one or both of these

conditions, the control circuitry 220 initiates the precoat removal cycle.

FIGURE 5 is an enlarged view of the oscillating shower 30 shown in

FIGURE 4. The oscillating shower wand 32 is made up of an upper section 35

and a nozzle section 33. These two sections of pipe are joined through coupler

36 which has threads formed in both ends. The coupler 36 allows the nozzle

section 33 to be removed from the upper section 35 for replacement and/or

maintenance of nozzles 34. The nozzles 34 are formed on the nozzle section 33

and direct water away from the nozzle section 33 towards the surface of the discs

2. Gussets 37 are formed on the upper section 35 to strengthen the oscillating

shower wand 32. The oscillating shower wand 32 receives water from the high

pressure pipe 31. The high pressure pipe 31 is mounted in bearings 39 which are

supported by bearing brackets 38. FIGURE 5 shows the oscillating shower wand

32 in three positions. FIGURE 6 is a side cross-sectional view of the disc filter. As described

above, the oscillating shower wands 32 are coupled to a high pressure pipe 31.

The high pressure pipe 31 rotates within bearings 39 (shown in FIGURE 5) which

are supported by bearing support brackets 38. The oscillating shower wands 32

are positioned adjacent to each surface of the discs 2. Nozzles 34 extend away

from the oscillating shower wand 32 and direct a spray of water at the surface of

the discs 2. The precoat layer removed by nozzles 34 falls into chutes 40 as previously described.

The oscillating shower wands 32 are driven by a pneumatic actuator 82 which is mounted on an actuator support 80. The pneumatic actuator 82 drives

an actuator arm 85 which oscillates the high pressure pipe 31. A feed pipe 84

provides water to the high pressure pipe 31. The feed pipe includes a rotating

section 89 which is coupled to the high pressure pipe 31. A bearing/swivel joint

86 couples the rotating section 89 to the feed pipe 84 and allows water to pass

from the feed pipe 84 to the rotating section 89 and allows the rotating section 89

to rotate relative to the feed pipe 84. The bearing/swivel joint 86 is mounted to a

support bearing bracket 87. The rotating section 89 is connected to the high

pressure pipe 31 through a split seal 83 and a seal mounting plate 81. The seal

mounting plate 81 seals the container 5 at the area where the high pressure pipe

31 extends through the container wall. As the actuator arm 85 is driven up and

down, the feed pipe 84 remains stationary while the rotating section 89 and the

high pressure pipe 31 are rotated. FIGURE 7 is an enlarged end view of the region including the pneumatic

actuator 82. The bearing/swivel joint 86 is not shown in FIGURE 7 for clarity.

The pneumatic actuator 82 is mounted to a pivot joint 88 which allows the

pneumatic actuator to move away from the rotating section 89 as needed. The

actuator arm 85 is connected to the rotating section 89 through a connection arm (not shown in the drawings) welded to the rotating section 89 and rotatably

coupled to the actuator arm 85. As previously described, as the actuator arm 85

moves up and down, the rotating section 89 rotates and causes the high pressure

pipe 31 to rotate in an oscillatory manner. The rotation of the high pressure pipe 31 oscillates the oscillating shower wands 32 over the surfaces of discs 2.

FIGURES 8A-8C illustrate the path followed by the oscillating shower

nozzles 34 over the surface of a disc 2 (shown in FIGURE 4). FIGURE 8A

illustrates a single pass by the oscillating shower, FIGURE 8B illustrates a double

pass and FIGURE 8C illustrates a triple pass. The path of the oscillating shower nozzles 34 is shown by track 90. The oscillating shower wand 32 travels between

a first radial position and a second radial position on the surface of the disc 2. As

shown in FIGURE 8A, the first radial position is at or near the periphery of the

disc 2. The second radial position is near the center of the disc 2.

The track 90 is divided into a plurality of track sections 92 that indicate the

distance that the shower nozzles 34 travel per unit time. As shown in FIGURE

8A, the track sections 92 near the center of the disc are larger than the track

sections 92 at the periphery of the disc. The shower nozzles 34 move faster near

the center of the disc than at the periphery of the disc. The pneumatic arm 85 is driven faster when the nozzles 34 are near the center of the disc and slower when

the nozzles 34 are near the periphery of the disc. There is less surface area near

the center of the disc 2 and thus, the nozzles 34 moves faster near the center of

the disc and still effectively spray the disc surface. As the surface area increases

away from the center of the disc, the nozzles 34 slow down in order to achieve

uniform coverage of the disc surface. The speed of the oscillating shower wand 32 is dependent upon the radial position of the oscillating shower wand 32.

FIGURE 8B illustrates the amount of coverage when the oscillating shower makes

two passes over the surface of the disc. FIGURE 8C illustrates that the entire

disc surface is covered when the oscillating shower makes three passes over the

surface of the disc.

The variance in the speed of the shower nozzles provides several

advantages. Less nozzles are needed to effectively cover the surface of the disc

as compared to stationary showers. This reduces the costs of manufacturing and

maintaining nozzles. In addition, less water is used by the varying speed

oscillating shower than conventional fixed speed showers. Further, it provides a

more thorough job cleaning the surface, without leaving uncleaned areas.

FIGURE 9 is an enlarged, exploded view of the eductor agitator 60 shown

in FIGURE 4. The eductor agitator 60 includes an eductor inlet pipe 62. The

eductor inlet pipe 62 is fed from the main inlet pipe that provides the slurry to the

container 5. This eliminates the source of compressed air used in the prior art

systems and reduces energy consumption. The eductor inlet pipe 62 is coupled to an eductor nozzle 64 which

increases the speed of the slurry. The eductor nozzle 64 is mounted on the

eductor inlet pipe 62. The inlet pipe has a flange 622 which provides for mounting

the inlet pipe 62 and the nozzle 64 to an eductor assembly 66. The eductor

assembly 66 has a flange 662 which provides an area for mounting the eductor assembly 66 to the container wall. An eductor inlet 664 is a cylindrical opening

having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the nozzle 64.

The feed slurry is fed from the feed pipe into the inlet pipe 62 and through the

nozzle 64. The nozzle 64 directs the feed through the center of the eductor assembly 66. This creates a low pressure zone in the eductor assembly which

draws additional slurry already in the container through the eductor assembly 66.

Hence, the flow out of the eductor assembly 66 is increased multiple times in

relation to the feed slurry flow emitted from the eductor nozzle 64. A plurality of

eductor agitators 60 are placed within the container 5. As shown in FIGURE 6, an

eductor agitator 60 is preferably placed at each side of each disc 2. In this way,

the slurry near each disc 2 surface is agitated. The eductor agitators 60 may be

fed individually or from a common header pipe 668.

In accordance with the present invention, the oscillating shower uses

variable speed to uniformly apply water to the entire surface of the discs in a disc

filter. Near the periphery of the disc, the oscillating shower wand moves slower

than near the center of the disc due to the larger amount of surface area per

degree at the periphery of the circular disc. This variation in speed reduces the

amount of water used and reduces the number of nozzles necessary to distribute the water. In accordance with still another feature of this invention, the disc filter

includes eductor agitators that maintain the solid material in suspension so that

filtering efficiency is increased. The eductor agitators also prevent the solid

material from accumulating at the bottom of the container.

While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various

modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the

spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the

present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation.

Claims

What is claimed is:

CLAIM 1. An oscillating shower for use with a disc filter including at least one disc, the improvement comprising: said oscillating shower oscillating over a surface of the disc at a varying speed.

CLAIM 2. The oscillating shower of claim 1 wherein the oscillating shower travels radially over the surface of the disc.

CLAIM 3. The oscillating shower of claim 2 wherein the speed of oscillating shower is dependent on the radial position of the oscillating shower.

CLAIM 4. The oscillating shower of claim 3 wherein the speed of the oscillating shower is greater at a second radial location than at a first radial location.

CLAIM 5. The oscillating shower of claim 4 wherein the first radial position is near the periphery of the disc and the second radial position is near the center of the disc.

CLAIM 6. The oscillating shower of claim 1 wherein said oscillating shower comprises an oscillating shower wand and at least one nozzle for directing liquid at the surface of the disc.

CLAIM 7. The oscillating shower of claim 6 wherein said oscillating shower wand is connected to a high pressure pipe, said high pressure pipe providing said liquid to said oscillating shower wand. CLAIM 7. A filter having a filter medium and an oscillating shower for cleaning the filter medium, the disc filter comprising: at least one sensor for detecting a predetermined condition; and control circuitry responsive to said at least one sensor for initiating the oscillating shower.

CLAIM 8. The filter of claim 7 wherein said filter contains a slurry and said sensor comprises a slurry level detector for detecting the level of the slurry.

CLAIM 9. The filter of claim 7 wherein said filter is a pressure filter and said sensor comprises a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the filter.

CLAIM 10. The filter of claim 7 wherein said filter is a pressure filter containing a slurry and said at least one sensor comprises a slurry level detector for detecting the level of the slurry and a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the filter.