WO1998009037A1

WO1998009037A1 - Arrangement for the fastening of covering and sealing sheets

Info

Publication number: WO1998009037A1
Application number: PCT/EP1997/003725
Authority: WO
Inventors: Helmut Österle
Original assignee: Sfs Industrie Holding Ag
Priority date: 1996-08-26
Filing date: 1997-07-12
Publication date: 1998-03-05
Also published as: DE19634453C2; DE19634453A1; AU3767197A

Abstract

In an arrangement for the mechanical fastening of sheets (3) on a solid background large surface washers (5) and appropriate fasteners(4) are used. The large surface washers (5) are provided with a multiplicity of through-holes and are preferably designed as a perforated plate. Placed below the washer (5) is a section (9)made of the same material as the sheets (3). By means of inductive warming of the washer (5) the surfaces of the section (9) and the sheet(3) which face each other are melted on and solidly linked to each other across the through-holes.

Description

Arrangement for fastening cover and / or sealing sheets

The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for the mutual attachment of tape, strip or plate-shaped cover and / or sealing sheets made of plastic or plastic-like material or for mechanical attachment of such covering and / or sealing sheets to a solid surface.

The mutual fastening of covering and / or sealing sheets in the overlapping hem area has hitherto normally been achieved by the use of hot air, the two facing surface areas of the sheets being heated by hot air nozzles, partially melted and then pressed together, so that they harden after cooling are interconnected.

It has also become known to firmly connect fastening parts made of plastic by applying sweat welding agents to the covering and / or sealing sheets, these fastening parts made of plastic being held on the solid base by means of screws.

Adhesive plates for flat roof sealing sheets (DE 295 14 717 U1) are also known, with which insulating sheets or sheets are initially attached to the solid base and a protective film is then removed from the top of the adhesive plate. As a result, the adhesive plate coated with a cold adhesive is exposed, so that a firm connection is achieved for the roofing membrane placed over it after laying out the flat roof sealing sheets. The production of such adhesive plates with a cold adhesive coating and the arrangement of an additional protective film is complex and extremely cost-intensive.

Various other coating compositions have already become known which are applied to fastening elements, these adhesive layers being able to be activated by the influence of heat and / or radiation energy. Such a one-component, adhesive coating compound (DE 44 08 865 AD requires various processing stages if such an arrangement is used, for example, for covering and / or sealing sheets. Problems arise again and again, especially when using adhesives, since the two surfaces to be connected have a corresponding Pressure must be pressed against each other and the surfaces to be joined together must be extremely clean and above all free of water. The present invention has therefore set itself the task of simplifying the mutual connection of covering and / or sealing sheets or, if appropriate, additionally of fastening parts made of plastic in an arrangement and a method of the type mentioned at the outset and, above all, to make them safer.

This is achieved according to the invention by plate-like, tape-like, strip-like or rail-like elements which can be used between overlapping regions of the covering and / or sealing sheets or between covering and / or sealing sheets and adjacent fastening parts made of plastic or an adjacent section of covering and / or sealing sheets Components made of metal, which are provided with several or a plurality of through openings or are perforated, the surfaces of the covering and / or sealing sheets or the fastening parts made of plastic lying on both sides of the components by heating the metal components through the through openings or the perforation can be connected to one another.

The measures according to the invention thus create a possibility of directly connecting the surfaces to be connected to one another without the interposition of adhesives or additional cover foils. This means that there is no longer any foreign body in the form of an adhesive or other coating compound, because the parts to be connected are directly connected to one another by melting their surfaces facing each other. For this reason, only simple metal components are to be used in the area of the surfaces to be welded to one another, the mutual connection of the two parts taking place through the through openings or a perforation in the metal components.

An embodiment variant provides that large-area metal washers provided for seam fastening of two overlapping covering and / or sealing sheets are provided with through-openings or perforations. The mechanical fastening can therefore take place in the hem area, as before, after which the next covering and / or sealing sheet is placed on the mutual connection of the two sheets on their mutually facing surfaces through the through openings or the perforation. With such an arrangement, in addition to the edge welding by hot air, a special connection can also be achieved in the area of the large-area washers. Another embodiment variant provides that a rail which is provided for fastening seams of covering and / or sealing sheets and runs parallel to the overlapping edges is provided with a plurality of through openings or with a perforation. With such a rail, practically the entire edge area of two overlapping covering and / or sealing webs can be mutually connected, again the two mutually facing web surfaces being directly welded to one another. In this way, not only can an optimal mutual connection be achieved, but depending on the size and number of through openings and / or the formation of the perforation, an optimal seal can also be achieved.

Another variant provides that large-area metal washers provided for fastening cover and / or sealing sheets at a distance from the edge regions are provided with a plurality of through openings or with a perforation, and that a section of cover is provided on the underside of the washers - And / or sealing sheets is arranged. With such a variant, for example, an insulation layer can initially be connected to the solid base, a section of the material of the covering and / or sealing sheet being inserted only below the washers. By heating the washers provided with the through openings or the perforation, the two mutually facing surfaces of the same sheet material are firmly connected to one another, which enables optimum field fastening in the roofing sheet area. Especially with field fastening, i.e. in the case of fastening outside the overlapping seam of the roofing membranes, an optimal fastening of the roofing membranes is necessary, the roofing membrane itself not to be penetrated by the fastener.

In this context, it is advantageous if the section on the underside of the washers is adapted to the size of the latter in a divider manner and is firmly connected to them. As a result, preparatory work can be carried out for a construction site in that the plate-like section of the covering and / or sealing sheets is held captively in advance.

Another possibility in this connection arises if the section on the underside of the washers is a strip-shaped section of the covering and / or sealing sheets, which can be placed on the substrate with the fasteners before the washers are inserted. It is thus possible to lay out a strip on the area of the intended fastening points during field fastening, on which then the washers with the fasteners are inserted. After the covering and / or sealing membrane has been put on, the two mutually facing surfaces of the two membranes can be melted by heating the metal component, so that these are firmly connected through the through openings or the perforation.

Another embodiment provides that a metal component with a plurality of through openings or a perforation is placed on the top of a large-area washer made of plastic, onto which a cover and / or sealing sheet can be placed, or is firmly integrated on this top. This measure creates the possibility of firmly connecting webs directly to the tops of any large plastic washers that may be used, by simply inserting a metal component with the corresponding through openings or perforation between these two parts. Here, too, a connection of the two mutually facing surfaces is created directly through the through openings, without additional layers of adhesive or the like having to be applied.

It is further proposed that a component made of metal with a plurality of through openings or with a perforation is placed on the top of a large-area washer with a tubular extension for telescoping a fastener, or is firmly integrated on this surface. The measures according to the invention can thus also be used with such a type of washers, so that this particular embodiment with the telescopic mutual displacement possibility of the washer and fastener is also suitable for field fastening.

One of the simplest ways to implement the measures according to the invention is that the component is made of metal as a perforated plate. Depending on the opposing surfaces that are to be connected to one another, a perforated plate with larger or smaller and closely following or further through openings can be used. However, it is also possible to use a perforated plate in which the holes are so fine and close together that one can speak of perforation. In this context, it is possible that such a perforated plate is then also the starting material for the most varied designs of a metal, strip, strip or rail-like component. However, there is also the possibility that the same size is distributed over the entire surface of the metal component Through openings are formed with the same or different shape. Depending on the type of connection required, it is possible to choose not only the size but also the shape of the through openings.

However, it is also conceivable that through openings of different sizes and of the same or different shape are provided distributed over the entire surface of the metal component. Within the scope of the invention there are therefore a multitude of possibilities which can be selected in adaptation to the intended use.

Such a variant provides that through openings are provided in the form of straight or circularly extending slots.

A special design in this context provides that the slots in a large-area washer are oriented approximately radially in a radial manner with respect to a central hole for the passage of a fastener and, if appropriate, run open towards the edge of the washer. This enables mutual attachment of the two surfaces facing one another right up to the edge of the washer, so that an optimal mutual attachment can take place.

The method according to the invention provides that between overlapping areas of the covering and / or sealing sheets or between covering and / or sealing sheets and adjacent fastening parts made of plastic or an adjacent section of covering and / or sealing sheets, plates, tapes, strips or rail-like components made of metal, provided with several or a plurality of through openings or perforated, and that the components made of metal are adjusted to the melting temperature of the surfaces of the covering and / or sealing sheets or the fastening parts which lie on both sides of the components are made of plastic, the melted areas being connected to one another on both sides of the metal components through the through openings or the perforation. Not only is the construction of the invention particularly advantageous, the method to be used here also enables simple handling and secure mutual fastening of the sections to be connected to one another. It is therefore only necessary to carry out the previously usual work when laying covering and / or sealing sheets and then only to heat the metallic components accordingly, so that the concrete and effective connection takes place in the immediate area of these metallic components. finds. Process steps such as the application of adhesives or protective layers for adhesives etc. can therefore be omitted.

A very effective process step is that the metal components are heated by inductive heating to the melting temperature of the surfaces of the covering and / or sealing sheets or the fastening parts made of plastic. Inductive heating is therefore of particular advantage, since this can take place from the outside through the closed covering and / or sealing sheets, i.e. there are no heating wires or the like to be laid between the sheets. All that is required is the inductive heating of the metal components, the direct connection of the two areas being achieved without damaging the outer surface through the through openings or the perforation.

Further features according to the invention and special advantages are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the drawings. Show it:

1 shows a section through a flat roof construction in the area of a mechanical fastening in the hem;

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a fastening according to FIG. 1, with a partial area of the overhead sheet being cut away;

3 shows an embodiment variant for a field fastening;

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged illustration of the area of use according to FIG. 3;

5 to 8 are top views of various design variants of large-area washers for use in the present invention;

9 shows an embodiment variant with a large-area washer made of plastic, on which a component made of metal is placed;

10 and FIG. 11 show two embodiment variants of large-area washers with a corresponding extension for the telescopic mounting of a fastener head; 12 shows a plan view of a connection possibility in the hem region of webs by means of a metal rail running in the longitudinal direction of the edge regions of the webs;

FIGS. 13 to 15 show various further design variants for a rail which can be used according to FIG. 12.

In the description below, the invention is explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments, wherein instead of the term covering and / or sealing sheets, only sheets are referred to. In the examples, particular attention has been given to sheets used in the flat roof area, but the measures according to the invention can equally be used wherever covering and / or sealing sheets are to be attached to one another or to a solid base in any way. Thus, the arrangement and the method according to the invention can be used in the same way in other areas of civil engineering and in particular in tunnel construction, where the tunnel tubes must be lined with sealing sheeting accordingly.

Sheets for the purposes mentioned are generally made of plastic or plastic-like material, which, depending on the application, brings with it a corresponding strength and tightness. In the case of special sheeting, reinforcements are also provided, for example by means of glass fibers or inlaid fabric.

1 that an insulating layer 2 in the form of sheets or plates is applied to a flat roof structure on a solid substrate 1 made of metal or, for example, concrete. Sheets 3 are placed on this insulating layer 2, which overlap accordingly in their edge regions, the overlapping edge regions having to be connected to one another in a sealing manner. This connection is normally made by using hot air, the surfaces facing each other being heated in the hem region and then pressed together. For the time being, the bottom sheet 3 is attached, a fastener 4 being used in this hem area in connection with a large-area washer 5. The screw head 6 is recessed in a truncated cone-shaped recess in the washer 5, so that the web 3 subsequently laid over it cannot be damaged by the head 6 of the fastener 4. In this embodiment variant, the present invention would only fulfill a partial purpose, since the mutual connection between the washers 5 which follow one another at a distance and thus between the mutually facing surfaces of the tracks 3 would be interrupted. In this case, a mutual connection must be made in any case by hot air in the edge area. The direct connection of the two mutually facing surfaces of the webs 3 could, however, be additionally reinforced, particularly in the area of the washers 5, by using the dimensions according to the invention.

Not only in this embodiment, but also in further embodiment variants, it is provided that the large-area washer 5 is provided with a plurality or a plurality of through openings 7. The washer 5 thus forms a component made of metal, which is inserted between two tracks 3. By heating the metal washer 5, the mutually facing surfaces of the webs 3 lying on both sides of the washer 5 are connected to one another through the through openings 7. There is therefore a melting in the area of the surfaces, the melted surfaces penetrating through the through openings 7 in the washer 5, so that the two surfaces weld themselves to a certain extent. The use of the measures according to the invention in field fastening is far more effective if, as shown in FIG. 3, a fastener 4 lies at a distance from an overlapping seam 8 of the webs 3. Here too, a large-area washer 5 made of metal is used, a section 9 of the same material as the tracks 3 being arranged on the underside thereof. This section 9 can be designed in the manner of a plate and correspond approximately to the size of the large-area washer 5. It is also possible for the section 9 to be preassembled, at least captively, on the underside of the washer 5, this only requiring a low pressure and short-term heating. A large number of through openings 7 are again provided in this washer 5, which can also be clearly seen in FIG. 5. The two mutually facing surfaces of the web 3 and the section 9 are melted by the action of heat on the washer 5, so that the two surfaces firmly connect to one another through the through openings 7. It is therefore also provided with this arrangement that two parts made of the same material are firmly connected to one another, the washer 5 provided for the actual fastening relative to the ground being firmly clamped between the section 9 and the web 3 lying above it. In an embodiment variant of FIGS. 3 and 4, it would also be conceivable, instead of the section 9 adapted to the size of the washers 5, before the washers 5 are inserted, with the fasteners 4 on the substrate, ie on the insulating layer 2, a strip-shaped section of the sheet material to hang up. A continuous strip-shaped section 9 is then present, seen in the longitudinal direction of the web.

The design, the size and the arrangement of the through openings 7 can be designed in a wide variety of ways. The component made of metal, which is designed in the form of a washer 5 in the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 8, can be produced from a perforated plate. In this case, a perforated plate forms, so to speak, the starting material for the production of the washers 5. In this case, the through openings 7 can be arranged distributed over the entire surface of such a metal component, whereby through openings of the same size can always be formed with the same or with a different shape. It is also possible to provide through openings 7 of different sizes and of the same or different shape distributed over the entire surface of such a metal component. As can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 8, it is also conceivable to provide through openings in the form of straight or circularly extending slots 10. In the embodiment variant according to FIG. 7, these slots 10 in the large-area washer 5 are oriented approximately radially in a radial manner with respect to a central hole 11 for the passage of a fastener, and are even designed to run open to the edge 12 of the washer.

The embodiment according to FIG. 9 provides for the use of a large-area washer 13 made of plastic, on which a component 14 provided with a plurality of through openings is placed. This arrangement is also expedient for use in field fastening, since for the time being a fastening in the fixed substructure is carried out via the washer 13 made of plastic with a corresponding fastener, and after the component 14 made of metal has been placed on it, the track 3 can be laid over it. By heating the component 14, the mutually facing surfaces of the web 3 and the washer 13 made of plastic are melted and firmly connected to one another. Component 14 is designed here somewhat like an annular, flat washer, but does not assume a load-bearing function, but merely ensures the connection between the two plastic parts, ie washer 13 and track 3. In the embodiments according to FIGS 10 and 1 1, the large-area washer 13 made of plastic each has a tubular extension 15, in which a fastener teles- can be copied. To implement the measures according to the invention, a metal component 14, which in turn is provided with a large number of through openings, is placed on such a washer 13. After this washer 13 has been installed, the component 14 is placed on and the corresponding web is laid out over the entire surface. The web can then be firmly connected to the plastic washer 13 by appropriate heat, the direct connection between the two parts likewise taking place here through the through openings in the metal component 14. 1 1 shows an embodiment according to which a corresponding component 14 made of metal together with a corresponding extension 15 can already be integrated during the manufacture of the washer 13 made of plastic and is thus held captive.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 12 to 15, a rail 16, which is provided for fastening seams of webs 3 and runs parallel to the overlapping edges, is also provided, which is also equipped with a plurality of through openings 7. This allows 3 fixed connections to be made in the hem region of special webs, the fastening being able to take place continuously over the entire length of the edge region or of the hem region due to the design as a rail 16. Such a rail 16 can also be used in the field, i.e. in the area between the edge areas of a web. Then, for example, with an embodiment of a rail 16, as shown in FIG. 13, the insulating layer can be attached, corresponding holes 11 being provided for the passage of a fastener. A strip-shaped section of sheet material can be inserted between the insulating layer and the rail 16. After placing the actual webs 3, the rail 16 can be heated accordingly, so that the web and the section of the web lying under the rail 16 can be firmly connected to one another through the through openings 7.

14 and 15 it can be seen that even with such a configuration, instead of, for example, circular through openings 7, a plurality of slots 10 can be arranged transversely to the rail 16 or in the longitudinal direction thereof. It must only always be ensured that the two mutually facing surfaces of webs or of corresponding plastic fastening parts can connect to one another through the actual metal component. The metal component, which can be designed as a washer, a rail, a tape, a strip or the like, must be made of an electrically highly conductive material, ie essentially of tall exist. However, it would be conceivable to use metal-like materials that are good electrical conductors. Due to the inductive heating, the components are heated with the help of magnetic alternating soaps, which cause strong eddy currents and thereby local heating, through the web 3, which is actually always on top. The power transmission takes place according to the principle of a transformer, whereby a work coil through which alternating currents flow and generate an alternating field takes over the function of the primary winding and the component takes over the function of a short-circuited secondary coil with only one turn. The penetration depth of the eddy currents and thus the depth of the heated layer is frequency-dependent. When using high frequencies, rapid heating takes place, especially in layer areas near the surface. Thanks to the measures according to the invention, not only carbon but also stainless steel can be used. The use of other metals, such as copper, brass, aluminum, etc., is also conceivable.

In the above description, a large number of through openings 7 was always mentioned. In any case, there must be several through openings, the connection itself being more intensive if the through openings are small and arranged relatively close to one another, since then the heating area is calibrated, i.e. the metallic component is always close to the warm-up point and as large as possible. Instead of a large number of through openings arranged over a large area, a perforation could of course also be provided, that is to say a collection of through openings following one another in a line. As a rule, such perforations are actually used where tear lines are to be created. In the present case, the perforation, that is to say a row of through openings lying one behind the other, serves to produce a very special linear connection between the webs or sections of webs or fastening elements to be connected to one another, which are made of plastic. The arrangement of a perforation, that is to say a through opening aligned in a row, is a sensible solution, particularly in the case of the formation of rails 16, which run over longer distances of an edge region of webs.

Especially in the area of roofing membranes, but also in other areas of application of the measures according to the invention, it is now possible to ensure a flexible introduction of force from the fasteners into the roofing membranes. It is not only possible to use the arrangement and the method according to the invention in a simple manner, but also all the regulations necessary in the flat roof area, such as, for example, security, the security against turning back and the tear-off values are fulfilled, whereby the design load per fastening point can be brought to a corresponding maximum. Nevertheless, automated processing is possible with such a configuration of the fastening.

With a minimal welding area, a small material component of the metal component, with a short welding time and thus also a short cooling time, optimal possibilities can also be created.

Claims

Patent claims

1. Arrangement for the mutual attachment of tape, strip or plate-shaped cover and / or sealing sheets made of plastic or plastic-like material or for mechanical attachment of such covering and / or sealing sheets on a solid surface, characterized by between each other - Lapping areas of the covering and / or sealing sheets (3) or between sealing and / or sealing sheets (3) and adjacent fastening parts (13) made of plastic or an adjacent section (9) of covering and / or sealing sheets (3) can be used Plate, band, strip or rail-like components (5, 14, 16) made of metal, which are provided with several or a plurality of through openings (7, 10) or are perforated, the surfaces of which are on both sides of the components (5, 14, 16) adjacent cover and / or sealing sheets (3) or the fastening parts (13) made of plastic by heating the components (5, 14, 16) made of metal can be connected to one another through the through openings (7) or the perforation.

2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the provided for a hem fastening two overlapping covering and / or sealing sheets (3) components are designed as large washers (5) made of metal with through openings (7) or a perforation.

3. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the provided for a hem fastening cover and / or sealing sheets (3) component as a parallel to the overlapping edges rail (16) with a plurality of through openings (7) or is formed with a perforation.

4. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that for attachment of cover and / or sealing sheets (3) at a distance from the edge areas provided large-area washers (5) made of metal with a plurality of through openings (7) or with one Perforation are provided, and that on the underside of the washers (5) a section (9) of covering and / or sealing sheets (3) is arranged.

5. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the section (9) on the underside of the washers (5) is plate-like adapted to the size of the same and is firmly connected thereto.

6. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the section (9) on the underside of the washers (5) is a strip-shaped section of the cover and / or

Sealing membrane βn (3), which is placed on the substrate with the fasteners (4) before the washers (5) are inserted.

7. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that on the top of a plastic made large-area fastening part (13), on which a cover and / or sealing sheet (3) can be placed, a component (14) made of metal with a variety of Through openings (7) or a perforation or is firmly integrated on this top.

8. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that on the top of a plastic made large-area fastening part (13) with a tubular extension (15) for telescopically receiving a fastener (4) a component (14)

Metal with a large number of passage openings (7) or with a perforation or is firmly integrated on this surface.

9. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the component (5, 14, 16) is made of metal as a perforated plate.

10. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that over the entire surface of the component (5, 14, 16) of metal distributed equally large passage openings (7) are formed with the same or different shape.

1 1. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that through openings (7) of different sizes and the same or different shape are provided over the entire surface of the component (5, 14, 16) made of metal.

12. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that through openings (7) in the form of straight or circularly extending slots (10) are provided.

13. The arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that the slots (10) are aligned with a large-area washer (5) with respect to a central hole (1 1) for the passage of a fastener (4) approximately radially and optionally to the edge (12th ) of the washer (5) run open.

14. A method for the mutual attachment of tape, strip or plate-shaped cover and / or sealing sheets made of plastic or plastic-like material or for mechanical attachment of such covering and / or sealing sheets to a solid surface, according to one of claims 1 to 13 , characterized in that between overlapping areas of the covering and / or sealing sheets (3) or between covering and / or sealing sheets (3) and adjacent fastening parts (13) made of plastic or an adjacent section (9) of covering and / or sealing sheets (3) plate, tape, strip or rail-like, with several or a plurality of through openings (7) provided or perforated components (5, 14, 16) made of metal are inserted or inserted, and that the Components (5, 14, 16) made of metal to the melting temperature of the

Surfaces of the cover and / or sealing sheets (3) or the fastening parts (13) made of plastic lying on both sides of the components are heated, the melted areas on both sides of the components (5, 14, 16) made of metal through the through openings (7) or the perforation is joined together.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the components (5, 14, 16) made of metal heated by induction heating to the melting temperature of the surfaces of the cover and / or sealing sheets (3) or the fastening parts (13) made of plastic become.