WO1997017497A1

WO1997017497A1 - Process and device for ground stabilisation

Info

Publication number: WO1997017497A1
Application number: PCT/EP1996/003774
Authority: WO
Inventors: Helmut Schönberger; Edmund Krauter
Original assignee: Sidla Und Schönberger Erdbaugesellschaft Mbh
Priority date: 1995-11-10
Filing date: 1996-08-27
Publication date: 1997-05-15

Abstract

In a process for ground stabilisation using a device (1) movable forwards in a working direction (V), with a cutter arm (4) to which cutting tools (13) are secured on an endless cutting chain (12) which can be driven in the longitudinal direction of the cutter arm (4), in which a ground stabilising medium can be taken to the region of the circulating cutting tools (13) via a supply line (61) and mixed with the loosened ground into a mixture remaining behind the cutter arm (4), the stabilizing medium is introduced in the region of the lower half of the cutter arm (4) or in the lower region of the cutter arm (4) in the space (63a, 63b) bounded by the rotating cutting tools (13).

Description

Ground consolidation method and apparatus

The invention relates to a method and a device according to the preamble of claim 1 or 13.

There are various causes that require soil consolidation. On the one hand, this is the case with slopes at risk of slipping, where the ground in the region of the slope is to be solidified in such a way that slipping or ground movement is prevented. On the other hand, soil stabilization is also required in areas that are not at risk of slipping, e.g. when a ready-to-settle floor is to be built on, e.g. is the case on the lane of a motorway or a railway line.

A known measure for soil consolidation consists in introducing a soil consolidation agent under pressure by means of lances introduced into the soil at intervals, which penetrates into the soil and into the layer to be consolidated and solidifies in the course of curing. This injection technique has good success per se, but it is insufficient because the injection substances injected under pressure move into the areas of the soil where the flow resistance is low. As a result, certain solidified and coherent parts of the soil are not penetrated by the injection compound. These initially hard and solid parts of the soil can lose their strength and become unstable in the course of time as a result of erosion processes due to the penetration of water or biological effects (humic acids). These areas, which are not penetrated by the injection material, thus prove to be long-term sources of danger.

A method of the type specified at the outset is described in DE 31 27 350 C2. This is the so-called construction mixed process (mixed-in-place), which is published in the German trade magazines "Beton" 1/78, on pages 20 and 21 and "Tiefbau" 6/68, on pages 419 and 420 and in the specialist book "The modern road construction", Springerverlag, 4th revised edition, on page 353 is described.

In this known construction mixing method, the soil provided for consolidation is torn open, crumbled and mixed on the spot with cement and possibly water by means of a device traveling over it. This known method is very labor intensive and energy-intensive, because when the soil is torn open and crumbled and at the same time mixed with cement, a large soil resistance has to be overcome and thus a high power consumption is achieved. In addition, the known method is not suitable for deeper soil areas, because tearing and crumbling and mixing in deeper soil areas is hardly possible.

Another known method for ground fastening is the so-called central mixed method (mixed-in-plant). In this known method, the soil is mixed with the cement and the required water in a stationary mixing plant. For this purpose, it is necessary to lift the soil, to transport it to the mixing plant arranged next to the area of the soil to be consolidated and to transport it back again.

A method similar to the central mixing method and an associated device are described in DE 31 27 350 C2 as an exemplary embodiment. In this known measure, the ground is excavated with an excavator and placed next to the ground area that is to be solidified. The excavated material is sprayed with a liquid cement that is brought to the construction site in a tanker truck. In addition, the excavation is crushed or crushed with the shovel of the excavator, so that individual solid components of the excavation disintegrate and the cement liquid completely soaks the excavation. The excavated soil material is then filled back into the excavation pit with the excavator to form a solid floor.

The central mixing method and the above-described further method are also complex since the excavated soil has to be conveyed, mixed and returned over a considerably long distance. This also requires a large amount of space, which is not always available. In addition, the arrangement of the mixing stations creates a large construction site, which adversely affects the environment, because the mixing stations at least deface the vicinity of the area in which the soil is to be solidified, and therefore a renovation of the surrounding area is necessary. As a result, the cost of these known methods is also considerably high.

DE-A-731 945 describes a device for soil stabilization, which has a trench cutter with a milling arm protruding into the soil and with an on Has arranged on the milling arm all-round mounted blades with which the ground is excavated and laterally requested. Regarding the direction of advance, the excavated trench is located behind the milling arm, which is expanded against laterally collapsing soil by means of removal shields which can be moved forwards with the milling arm. At a distance behind the milling arm, the trench is crumbled with concrete, which is supplied by means of a feed device. This known device is expensive, inter alia, because of the arrangement of the removal shields and complex to manufacture and, on the other hand, due to the friction between the removal shields and the base supported thereby, a relatively large propulsive force is required, as a result of which a large amount of energy is also required. Another disadvantage is that, despite the presence of the removal shields, settling of the floor can hardly be completely prevented, because when the removal shields are pulled, the floor can relax in the free space of the pulled removal shields. Since this device is set up to remove the excavated soil and fill the trench with concrete, a considerable amount of soil and filler mass is also prescribed, which is also complex and time-consuming. This known device and the associated procedure are therefore un economical.

DE-A-19 02 138 describes a method and a device for the production of underground structures, in particular of waterproof sealing aprons as well as foundations and walls. In this prior art, by means of a trench cutter with a chain boom, the soil material loosened during the execution of the narrow trench is mixed with a clay water or cement water suspension and the liquid sealant thus produced is deposited again in the trench, which is done by flushing. These measures are carried out below a level of the clay water-cement suspension, from which the soil components settle down behind the milling arm. According to FIG. 1 of this document, the suspension is supplied by means of two feed pipes which, in the exemplary embodiment, open into the movement area of blades in the upper end region of the milling arm, which are supported on the milling arm by a chain. The feed pipe arranged at the front is located in a low trench extending in the plane of advance of the milling arm. In another exemplary embodiment, in which the milling blades run from top to bottom on the driving side of the milling arm, there is a feed tube on the back of the milling arm in the existing trench, which extends into the lower region of the trench. Even with these known measures, there is a risk of significant settlements, since the one behind the milling arm Trench section is only filled with the suspension, which is hardly able to adequately support the side walls of the trench section. Furthermore, in this prior art, the performance or rate of advance of the device depends on the rate of settling of the soil from the suspension, since if the rate of advance is greater than the rate of settling, the length of the free trench section behind the milling arm becomes ever greater.

The invention is based on the object of developing a method and a device of the types specified at the outset so that settling is largely avoided while ensuring a good mixing of the soil with the solidifying agent and satisfactory performance.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1 or 13.

In the method according to the invention, the soil stabilization agent is introduced on the one hand in the lower region of the milling arm and on the other hand in the space delimited by the rotating milling tools. In this room, the soil stabilizer can be mixed intensively with the soil detached from the milling tools. This is determined by the fact that the circulation of the detached soil takes place in this space and the mixing takes place intensively and in addition in a simple manner. The mixing extends at least with a milling arm of shorter length over the entire immersion depth of the milling arm, so that despite the Introducing the soil stabilizer only in the area of the lower half or in the lower area of the milling arm, the detached soil is thoroughly mixed in the area of the entire immersion depth. The introduced soil stabilizer can namely spread up and down from the associated feed outlet up and down to acceptable lengths, which contributes to the good mixing.

In the case where longer milling arm lengths are specified, it is advantageous to arrange a plurality of outlet openings for the soil stabilizing agent in the area of the immersion depth. At an immersion depth of about 6 m, it is advantageous to provide two, three or more outlet openings in the immersion area one above the other, the uppermost immersion opening being able to be at a considerable distance from the ground surface, since the mixing in the area delimited by the rotating milling tools is good. In the embodiment according to the invention, the mixture located in the space or spaces of the milling arm delimited by the rotating milling tools leaves the milling arm to the rear during the advance. There is no trench clearance behind the milling arm, as is the case with the known configurations. Therefore, the walls of the ground adjacent to the side of the milling arm are supported by the mixed soil, namely in the area of the space delimited by the rotating milling tools by the mixing column located therein and behind the milling arm by the mixing column exiting to the rear during propulsion. The cavity released by the at least one spar of the milling arm during propulsion is filled in by a bagging mixture, so that the bottom side walls are also provided with good support here. Since this aforementioned cavity is located directly behind the milling arm and the range of motion of the milling tools, this sagging of the column of the soil mixture column takes place forcefully.

It is furthermore advantageous, when a liquid soil stabilizer is added, to supply it in such an amount that the mixed soil has the consistency of an approximately viscous or stiff pulp, which further improves the lateral support of the soil walls.

The consistency of the mixture should be aimed at such that the mixture is directly behind the milling arm or after a short time of a few minutes, e.g. five minutes, can be walked on by one person without significant sags.

Within the scope of the invention it is possible and advantageous to use a dry, e.g. add a granulated or powdered soil stabilizer. This measure leads to a consistency of the mixture in the space delimited by the rotating milling tools and also behind it, which can be described as earth-moist, since the moisture present in the soil or pore water present in the soil or possibly existing groundwater can be used for the mixture. With this measure, the support of the side walls of the floor is very good.

The device according to the invention according to claim 13 enables the method to be carried out and is characterized by a simple, inexpensive to manufacture and safely functioning design, with which the advantages described above can also be achieved. Furthermore, the invention relates to an advantageous method of improving a soil in several rows of jacking arranged side by side. These measures are particularly suitable for ground consolidation of both strip-shaped or block-shaped ground parts and underground subsurface layers, and are therefore particularly suitable for the rehabilitation or foundation of routes for roads and railways. These measures are also suitable for block or strip foundations.

Furthermore, the method and the device according to the invention can be used very advantageously for securing an excavation pit slope, namely in that a solid ground strip forms this securing means, the excavation pit being able to be excavated within this solid ground strip.

Another advantageous application is the renovation of dykes or dams by attaching a sealing apron in the form of a solidified floor strip, which, depending on the material structure of the dike or dam, can be laid out on the inside, in the middle or on the outside and can also have a considerable depth. These measures are suitable both for stabilizing the dike or dam and for sealing it. The invention is therefore also suitable as a measure for eliminating flood hazards.

The subclaims contain features which improve the method and the construction and in particular enable a small, stable construction with a large depth of immersion in the ground and facilitate propulsion in the ground, which improve the mixing of the ground, and which adjust the working range of the device from the side enable and improve their controllability and direction control.

Within the scope of the invention, various configurations contained in the remaining claims are independent and thus independent features of the invention, see claims 23, 24, 25, 29, 31 and 42.

The invention and further advantages which can be achieved by means of preferred exemplary embodiments and a drawing are explained in more detail below. It shows

Figure 1 shows a device for ground stabilization according to the invention in side view. Figure 2 shows the device in plan view. 3 shows a milling arm of the device in the working position in a side view and in a somewhat enlarged representation; 4 shows the detail marked X in FIG. 1 in an enlarged representation; 5 shows the detail marked Y in FIG. 1 in an enlarged representation; 6 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 2 of a modified device for lower immersion depths; 7 shows a milling tool attached to a milling chain in a side view; 8 shows a modified milling tool in a vertical longitudinal section of the milling chain; 9 shows the milling tools according to FIGS. 7 and 8 in plan view;

10 different designs of milling tools in partial section X-X in FIG. 7.

11 shows the partial section XI-XI in FIG. 8.

12 shows the device in a simplified representation in a top view when renovating a carriageway or railway line; 13 the roadway or railroad track with rehabilitation features in a vertical section.

The main parts of the device for soil improvement, generally designated 1, are a chassis 2, each with at least two side wheels or two side drive chain arrangements 3 with rotating drive chains 3a, a milling arm 4, which is connected by a joint arrangement 5 at its rear end to the front end region of a structure 6 of the chassis 2 is vertically pivotally connected, a feed device 7 for a soil stabilizer and a control station 8 arranged on the chassis 2, in particular on the body 6, which is arranged at the rear end of the body 6 in the prevailing configuration.

The soil stabilizer is supplied to the feed device 7 in a substantially ready-to-use condition, e.g. by means of a preparation or mixing device for the soil stabilizing agent, which can be located on the structure 6 or also next to the device 1 as an aggregate which is arranged and advanced separately from the latter.

The length L of the milling arm 4 is dimensioned somewhat larger than the desired depth T up to which the base 9 is to be consolidated. The effective width b of the milling arm 4 is smaller than the width B of the device 1 or the chassis 2, but it is also possible that the width b can approximately correspond to the width B. In the present embodiment, the width b is approximately one third of the width B. The milling arm 4 is mounted on the structure 6 so that it can be pivoted vertically by means of a double joint and an auxiliary arm 11. In contrast to the milling arm 4, around which one or two milling chains 12 arranged alongside one another along its approximately entire length, with milling tools 13 attached to it at intervals, can be driven in a circumferential manner, the auxiliary arm 11 merely serves to hold the milling arm 4 in the sense of a toggle lever arm and to bridge it a forward distance a of the body 6 from the rear end of the crawler belt assemblies 3. Therefore, the length L1 of the auxiliary arm 11 is dimensioned somewhat larger than the distance a. The milling arm holder 14 for holding the generally designated 15, formed by the auxiliary arm 11 and the milling arm 4 Fräsaπnvorrichtung is releasably and interchangeably attached to the structure 6, so that milling arm devices 15 of different lengths L and / or width b are optionally attachable, one or several milling arm devices 15 can belong to device 1.

In the present embodiment, the milling arm device 15 is horizontally adjustable laterally or transversely by an adjusting device 16 and is arranged in the respective adjustment position on the structure 6. Such a configuration basically makes it possible to stand and position the milling arm device 15 laterally, e.g. in adaptation to a floor strip solidified by a previous work step. In the case of the present embodiment, in which the milling arm 4 is dimensioned narrower than the width B of the device 1, it is also possible to state the position of the milling arm device 15 in the region of the width B. The lateral adjustment range for the milling arm device 15 can be dimensioned so large that the milling arm 4 is aligned in the side adjustment end position with the associated side surface of the device 1, projects beyond it, or has an inward distance from its alignment. Within the scope of the invention it is also possible to arrange the milling arm device 15 so that it can be adjusted on one or both sides and can be fixed.

The adjusting device 16 has a horizontal transverse guide 17, in which the milling arm holder 14 of the milling arm device 15 can be understood horizontally and can be locked in the adjusted adjustment position. A hydraulic cylinder 18, which is arranged parallel to the transverse guide 17 and is supported at one end in a joint 18a indirectly or directly on the structure 6 and with its other end in a joint 18b on the milling arm holder 14 and by hydraulic action, serves for understanding and for standing is optionally extendable and retractable. The transverse guide 17 has two ones, which are at a vertical distance b from one another Guide cross rods 19, which are overlapped and engaged by a guide shaft 21, which is preferably part of the milling arm holder 14, the guide cross rods 19 being fastened to the front of the structure 6, preferably by means of vertically arranged fastening plates 22, 23. In the present configuration the guide transverse rods 19 have a square, in particular rectangular, cross section. The guide slide 21 is U-shaped with a slide base part 24, from the upper and lower ends of which slide leg parts 25 with guide recesses 26 of a cross-sectional shape adapted to the guide transverse rods 19 protrude rearward and overlap and grip behind the guide transverse rods 19 at the top and bottom. The hydraulic cylinder 18 is hydraulically blocked to establish it in the adjusted position of the milling arm device 15.

The base joint 31 of the joint arrangement 5 is arranged between the auxiliary arm 11 and the guide shafts 21, specifically in its lower end region. In the present configuration, two auxiliary arms Ila, Ilb, which have a horizontal transverse distance from one another, are arranged, which are connected to the guide shafts in a vertically pivotable manner in the lateral end regions of the guide shafts 21 by a base joint 31a, 31b. The vertical pivoting is served by two hydraulic cylinders 32, each of which is connected at its one end by a hinge 33 to the upper end region of the guide shaft 21 and at its other end by a hinge 34 to the other end region of the associated auxiliary arm Ila, Ilb. By means of a hydraulic extension or retraction, the auxiliary arm 11 can thus be optionally adjusted and locked between its upper pivot end position shown in FIG. 1 and a lower pivot end position shown in FIG. 3.

The knee joint 37 of the toggle-shaped joint arrangement 5 connects the base end of the milling arm 4 to the facing end of the auxiliary arm 11 in a vertically pivotable manner. A hydraulic cylinder 39, which is arranged in the vertical longitudinal center plane 38 or two on both sides of the longitudinal center plane 38, serves to vertically adjust the milling arm 4 are each connected at their rear end by a joint 41, to the rear lower end region of the associated auxiliary arm 11a, Ilb, in a vertically pivotable manner and at their other end by a joint 42, with a lever arm 43, the milling arm, projecting beyond the axis of rotation 37a of the knee joint 37 4 are vertically pivotally connected. Supporting elements of the milling arm 4 are a base part 45, which forms the milling arm-side joint part of the base joint 31 and has two side base legs 46, which are connected to one another by a cap-shaped ceiling wall 47, and one or two, having a horizontal transverse distance c from one another, upright arm strips 48a, 48b, which each extend between a chain drive wheel 49, which is arranged coaxially to the knee joint axis 37a on an associated drive mechanism 51, and a deflecting chain wheel 52 at the free end of the milling arm 4 and at their base ends rigidly with the base legs 46 of the base part 45 are connected and thus form a swivel unit with this. At their upper and lower longitudinal edges, the arm strips 48a, 48b form guides 55 (not shown in detail) for the milling chains 12 equipped with the milling tools 13.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, milling tools 13 are fastened one behind the other at intervals on both sides of each milling chain, the shape of which may differ from one another, both in comparison of one side with the other and / or in comparison with in the direction of rotation following milling tools 13. In FIG. 2, the different milling tools are designated by 13a to 13g. Each milling tool 13 consists of a vertical holding leg, with which it is preferably detachably fastened to the milling chain 12, and a working leg projecting laterally inwards or outwards, which can be of a specific shape with respect to certain milling tool groups, such as the foremost milling tools 13 show in Fig. 2. Another feature of the milling tools 13 is that the fastening points on one side of the milling chain 12 are preferably offset from one another in the circumferential direction U with respect to the fastening points on the other side of the milling chain 12, so that there is space for mutually directed milling legs.

The direction of rotation U can preferably be directed downwards (FIG. 3) or upwards on the side pointing in the direction of advance V.

In the hinted in Fig. 1 and designated 56, flexible hose lines are hydraulic lines that extend from a hydraulic pump arranged on the structure 6 to the or preferably hydraulic drive motors 53a, 53b for the drive flute 51.

Comparable, hinted flexible hose lines 60 also extend to supply lines 61 arranged on the milling arm 4 for the Soil stabilization means, the flexible hose lines 60 being provided for bridging the joint arrangement 5. In the area of the milling arm 4 located upstream of the knee joint 37, the feed lines 61 can be designed as fixed pipelines. 1 and 2 show, the feed lines 61 can be arranged on the inner and / or outer sides of the arm strips 48a, 48b and fastened thereon, and open further on the associated arm strip 48a, 48b, each with an outlet opening 62, which is preferably directed outwards, but can also point in the longitudinal direction of the milling arm 4. If, in the case of a milling arm 4 with two arm strips 48a, 48b, the soil stabilizing agent is also to be introduced between the arm strips, line branches can be provided which, for example, penetrate the arm strips 48a, 48b in transverse holes and open out on their inner sides with outlet openings 62.1. The outlet openings 62, 62.1 are thus each in a space which extends between the upper and lower run of the milling tools 13 and which is designated 63a on the outside of the associated arm strip 48a, 48b and 63b on the inside.

The outlet openings 62, 62.1 are located in the region of the front half of the milling arm 4, preferably in the free end region of the milling arm 4. In the present embodiment, two further outlet openings 62a, 62b, 62.1a, 62.1b are in the region of the lower and front halves of the milling arm 4, the outlet opening 62b, 62.1b, which is the most distant from the free end of the milling arm 4, is located in the central region of the length L of the milling arm 4 or in the central region of the maximum immersion depth T, and the two further outlet openings 62, 62a , 62.1, 62.1a are arranged distributed on the remaining area according to the milling arm half. The outlet openings - seen in the side view - can be arranged in the middle position with respect to the milling arm 4 or the arm strips 48a, 48b. Preferably, the outlet openings, in particular in the lower region with respect to the central axis 64, are arranged offset by the dimension d in the advancing direction V, that is to the front, the dimension d being able to be smaller as the distance from the free end of the milling arm 4 increases. This configuration leads to a better reduction and a lower expenditure of force and energy for the tool drive and thus also for the distribution and it also takes into account the internal pressure of the soil to be mixed with the soil stabilizer, which is in the lower half of the depth, in particular in the lower area of the Milling arm 4 is the largest, and where the greatest working pressure arises. If a plurality of outlet openings 62 are provided, it is advantageous to cover each outlet opening or each pair of outlet openings 62, 62.1; 62a, 62.1a; 62.b, 62.1b to assign a separate feed line branch 61a, 61b, 61c, which can extend as separate feed lines from a supply or from a preparation device of the soil stabilizing agent or can branch off from a common feed line arranged in the base region of the milling arm 4. A preparation device for the soil stabilization agent is indicated in Fig. 2 and designated 65. This can be, for example, a mixing device for mixing a dry substance consisting, for example, of clay or cement with water to form a liquid soil stabilizer. The delivery rate of the feed or processing device 7, 65 is preferably adjustable so that it is adapted to the speed of the propulsion device 1 or that the detached soil and the suspension form a mixture with the consistency of a slurry, in particular a thick slurry. The adjustability is illustrated by a delivery rate adjusting valve 66 in a feed line 60, which is indicated in FIG. 1.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the structure 6 with respect to the undercarriage 2 and the travel chain arrangements 3 is offset to the front, overhanging the latter. This counteracts a tilting moment which emanates from the milling arm 4 in functional operation due to its standing position which is superior to the traveling column 2.

For the purpose of improving the controllability or steerability of the device 1, it is advantageous to arrange the control position 8, here in the form of a driver's cab, horizontally and transversely to such an extent and at least in its end positions that the helmsman at the control position 8 can arrange the one and / or other side flight of the

Milling arm 4 has good in its viewing direction. This adjustability of the control position 8 is particularly advantageous when the milling arm 4 can be understood laterally, as described above. In the present embodiment, the control place 8 is over the

Side surfaces of the device 1 also adjustable to the helmsman one each

To enable viewing direction approximately along the side surfaces of the device 1, in the area of which the milling arm 4 can be understood as described above. The associated

Adjustment device is designated 67. It comprises a horizontal transverse guide 68, on which a base 69 forming the control place 8 or supporting the driver's cab is provided with an adjusting device 71, which is only indicated, with a

Drive motor 72 is adjustable and lockable in the set positions. The Transverse guide 68 preferably comprises two superimposed transverse guide rails 73, 74, which are preferably arranged at the associated end of the structure 6 at its upper and lower edges and on which guide shafts 75, 76 belonging to the control station are guided. As with the entry device 16, a transmission gear, for example in the form of a cable pull or rack and pinion drive, can also be assigned to the entry device 67 in the associated drive motor. With a relatively short drive path, a large adjustment path can be achieved, which is particularly important for a hydraulic cylinder as a drive motor for design reasons.

A seat 77 provided at the control station 8 is rotatable and can be locked in a standing position pointing in the direction of travel V corresponding to the driving direction V or in a position pointing in the opposite direction.

The general function of the device 1 is described below.

The device 1 enables the soil to be solidified by loosening the soil with the milling arm 4 and by simultaneously feeding in the soil stabilizing agent, the soil being mixed in the area of the milling arm 4 and therefore neither having to be conveyed away nor conveyed back. In this respect, the device 1 works in principle according to the construction mixing method already described at the beginning (mixed-in-place). In particular, the device 1 differs in the following features.

The soil stabilization agent is introduced under pressure approximately in the region of the lower half of the immersion depth T into the space 63a, 63b delimited by the rotating milling tools 13, where an intensive mixing of the loosened soil with the soil stabilization agent can take place. It is not necessary to transport the detached floor parts to the floor surface. For this reason, the milling tools 13 do not need to carry out any noteworthy conveying capacities in the direction of rotation of the milling tools 13, but preferably a transverse displacement of the detached soil, the mixing with the solidifying agent taking place. This gives the floor the consistency of a slurry, in particular a thick or stiff slurry, which essentially fills the space 63a, 63b delimited by the rotating milling tools 13 and migrates outwards during the advance in the direction of advance V, with new detached soil entering the space and is mixed. When driving in the direction of advance V, this takes place continuously, so that behind the milling arm 4 in there is essentially no trench clearance. Therefore, the mixture 9a makes an excellent contribution to the lateral support of the milling hole in the area of the milling arm 4, and collapses in the side walls of the milling hole and settlements caused thereby are effectively avoided. In this way, both local areas of the soil in the sense of approximately vertical columns can be solidified, and approximately vertical soil strips created by the advance in the direction of advance V.

For lower immersion depths T, the milling arm 4 can be designed with only one arm strip 48, although lower loads act on it. Such a configuration with only one circumferential milling chain 12 on the arm strip 48 is shown in FIG. 6 in a plan view corresponding to FIG. 2. In such a configuration, the space 63b existing between two arm strips is omitted. There are two spaces 63a on both sides of the arm strip 48, into which the soil stabilizing agent is supplied through assigned supply lines 61.

It is also advantageous to introduce solid additives into the two side spaces 63a and any central space 63b (mixing spaces) that may be present through the supply lines 61 or through special supply lines. This can e.g. deal with sand, gravel or crushed stone. This can improve the strength of the solidified soil. These measures are particularly suitable if the soil is absolutely ready to settle or if the ratio of the height of the soil strip to be consolidated to the height or thickness of the layer ready to settle is large, i.e. if the thickness of the ready-to-settle layer is so large that the soil mixed from the material of the ready-to-settle layer and the remaining soil material remains ready to settle. This would be e.g. the case when a peat layer of relatively large thickness would have to be consolidated. The aggregates improve the ratio of the non-settling material to the settling material. The supply of ballast as an aggregate is particularly suitable for the rehabilitation of railroad tracks, since ballast is present in this area and can be used if necessary, which would otherwise have to be removed. The invention thus also enables the use of solid additives, which can also be waste materials.

When solidifying a ready-to-settle layer, it is therefore advantageous to introduce the soil stabilizer and the aggregate into the area of the ready-to-settle layer. If the addition of material (soil stabilizers and, if applicable, aggregates) significantly increases the soil volume, this excess part of the soil must be removed.

As in particular FIGS. 2 and 6 to 11 show, in which the same or comparable parts are provided with the same reference numerals, the milling tools 13 each consist of a vertical holding leg 81 and a working leg 82. The holding leg 81 has two holes 83 with which it passes through one or two chain link pins 84 which pass through the holes 83 are detachably screwed to the associated chain link plate 12a or to one or two adjacent chain links 85 of the chain link 12b. As can already be seen from FIGS. 2 and 6, on both sides of the single milling chain 12 or both milling chains 12 milling tools 13 are arranged offset to one another in the circumferential direction U. In each case, the working leg 82 is angled or bent with respect to the holding leg 81 inwards or outwards, the respective angle WI, W2 being able to be 90 ° or deviating from this angle, e.g. an obtuse angle W2 of z. B. may include about 135 ° or an acute angle. The length L3 of the working legs 82 is dimensioned so large with an inward orientation that they end approximately in the existing vertical longitudinal center plane 38. The length L3 can be the same when it is oriented inwards or outwards. There is a distance e between the milling chain 12 and the working legs 82, which can be the same or different from tool 13 to tool 13.

As can be seen from FIGS. 2, 6 and 9, the end flanks 86 pointing in the circumferential direction U can enclose a right, an acute or an obtuse angle with the circumferential direction U. The end flanks 86 preferably form an obtuse angle of approximately 95 to 125 °. These angles W3 can be constant or different in the direction of rotation U from milling tool 13 to milling tool 13.

Furthermore, milling tools 13 can also be provided on one or both sides of the chain or chains 12, each of which has a working leg 87 which extends - not as in the aforementioned configurations in the projection in the direction of rotation U - but an outward inclination 88, which includes an acute angle W4 of preferably about 5 ° to 45 ° with the direction of rotation U. Such a working leg 87 can form an angle W 5 between the associated articulation axes with respect to the circumferential plane or vertical center plane 38 include about 0 ° to 90 °. As FIGS. 9 and 11 show, such a tool 13, with its inclination 88, causes the detached floor to be displaced transversely outwards. This requires the mixing and also loosens the mixture in the area of the chain 12 and facilitates the running of the chain 12. The distance el is preferably smaller than e. The parts 81a and 87 of the tools 13 on the other side of the chain are arranged in mirror image.

It is also advantageous to design the relevant milling tools 13, which follow one another directly or indirectly in the direction of rotation, with respect to the distance e and / or el and / or the angles WI and / or W2 and / or W3 and / or the length L3, preferably progressively . As a result, the workload and wear are distributed to the tools 13.

In contrast to known trench cutters, in which the milling tools have the essential function of transporting the detached soil to the soil surface, the predominant purpose of the milling tools 13 according to the invention is to detach and mix the soil, with the soil also being ground.

Preferably, the working legs are bent in one piece, rather than tools 13, a special, e.g. there may be an obliquely extending holding leg 81a which extends obliquely from the upper edge of the milling chain 12.

The milling tools 13a to 13g are typical wear tools. It is therefore advantageous to make the milling tools 13 entirely of wear-resistant material, e.g. to produce alloy steel or at least to cover the end flanks 86 with a wear-resistant material. An inexpensive and economical measure consists in applying an application 89 made of wear-resistant material to the end flanks 86, e.g. in the form of a weld.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 12 and 13, in which the same or comparable parts are provided with the same reference numerals, the device 1 according to the invention is used to renovate a carriageway or rail track section 91 under which there is a bottom layer 92 of insufficient strength, e.g. Peat layer, at a depth T of up to about 5 m in the present exemplary embodiment. Such a floor can also be produced using the method according to the invention and the invention Excellent renovation of facility 1. For this purpose, the pending soil 9 is treated and solidified in the sense of the above-described exemplary embodiment over a width A or A + AI which is equal to or greater than the width of the rail route 91. Here, the pending floor 9 is treated after dismantling the track 93 at least to the bottom or somewhat deeper of the labile floor layer 92 in the sense of the invention. These treatment measures can be carried out in several strips so that the device 1 does not have to be built as wide as necessary. In the present exemplary embodiment, a two-track or multi-track rail track section 91 is present, the two tracks of which are designated 93 and 94. In such a case, it is advantageous to first renovate the floor under one track, here track 83, so that train traffic on the other track 94 can be maintained. The refurbishment is carried out approximately up to the vertical longitudinal center plane 95 of the rail track section 91. If work is carried out in several layers, for example in four layers S1 to S4, it is advantageous to start with the outer layer S1 first and then successively in layers S2 to Continue S4 and end in the area of the longitudinal median plane 95. As a result, the floor is better supported under the other track 94 than if layer S4 were to be started first, which is of course also possible.

After completion of the ground stabilization in area A, the track 93 is reassembled after the application of a conventional track substructure 93a. Then the floor in the other track area AI can be renovated accordingly.

The soil improvement can be carried out during the given breaks. It is possible and advantageous, by using a fast-setting hardening agent or by means of appropriate additives, to adjust the soil stabilization to the train traffic in such a way that, at the end of a train break, the treated soil already has sufficient strength, especially in the case of the closest layer S4 to provide sufficient lateral support.

The lengths L2 of the work cycle carried out in the advance direction V can be determined as desired.

The strength values of the improved floor are comparable to those of a lean concrete. By adding quick binders, the setting time is particularly in

Adaptation to train traffic can be determined. The strengths achieved improved Soil material can subsequently be tested on core samples. The permeability is also verifiable.

An essential difference to the known diaphragm wall production in the case of the invention is the fact that the floor remains in the diaphragm area, which is mixed and soaked on the spot. Lateral penetration of the existing soil into the soil mixture 9a which has not yet set is negligibly small, because of the wide consistency and the short-term setting time. In addition, in the case of ground consolidation in strips, strips S2 to S4 each have only one “free” side in which there is lateral stress.

Claims

Expectations

1. A method for ground stabilization using a device (1) which can be moved in one working direction and has a milling arm (4), on which milling tools (13) are fastened to an endless milling chain (12), which in the

Can be driven circumferentially in the longitudinal direction of the milling arm (4), in which a soil stabilizing agent is fed into the area of the rotating milling tools (13) by means of a feed line (61) and mixed with the detached soil to form a mixture remaining behind the milling arm (4) that the solidifying agent is introduced in the area of the lower half of the milling arm (4) or in the lower area of the milling arm (4) in the space (63a, 63b) delimited by the rotating milling tools (13).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid or pasty solidifying agent is supplied in such an amount that the soil mixture (9a) has the consistency of a slurry, in particular a stiff slurry.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the use of a dry, granular or powdery solidifying agent.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solidifying agent on several, e.g. three superimposed positions is fed.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solidifying agent is introduced between milling tools (13) moving upwards or downwards on the driving side.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used to solidify an underground settlement-ready layer (82).

7. The method, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used to solidify a single-track or multi-track carriageway or a single or multi-track railway track section (81, 83, 84), with a renovation of a track track section with already existing ones Tracks (83 and / or 84) that the track (s) (83, 84) is or will be dismantled beforehand.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the soil consolidation of a certain area width (A, AI) takes place in several successive strips (Sl to S4) of smaller width in the same or opposite direction of advance (V).

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case of a two-track or multi-track railway track section (83, 84), initially only one track (83) is mounted, and below that the floor while maintaining the

Operation is carried out on the other track (84).

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the soil improvement is carried out during the breaks.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the setting time of the solidifying agent (6) is determined by the mixing agent mixed therein so that the bottom has set sufficiently at the end of a train break.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the strips (Sl to S4) are solidified in a with respect to the adjacent track (84) in a sequence directed from the outside inwards. 13. Device (1) for soil consolidation, with

- A milling arm (4) which can be sunk into the ground (9), on which milling tools (13) are fastened to a milling chain (12) which can be driven all around in the longitudinal direction of the milling arm (4), - and with a feed line (61) For a soil stabilizer that opens into the area of the rotating milling tools with an outlet opening (62), or device for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet opening (62) in the area of the lower half of the milling arm (4) is arranged in the lower region or free end region of the milling arm (4) in the space (63a, 63b) delimited by the rotating milling tools (13).

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that depending on the length (L) of the milling arm (4) several, in particular two, three or four outlet openings (62, 62.1; 62a, 62.1a; 62b, 62.1b) in the longitudinal direction of the milling arm (4) are arranged one behind the other.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the outlet openings (62, 62.1; 62a, 62.1a; 62b, 62.1b) are arranged distributed on the region of the lower half or the lower two-thirds of the milling arm (4).

16. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the outlet opening (62, 62, 62.1) closest to the free end of the milling arm (4) is offset by a dimension (d) in the direction of advance (V).

17. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed line (61) bypasses the circulation track of the milling tools (13) laterally. 18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply line (61) in the free end of the milling arm (4) facing away from the end region of the space (63a, 63b) in this space (63a, 63b) and further therein runs to the free end of the milling arm (4).

19. Device according to one of the preceding claims 14 to 18, characterized in that a supply line branch (61a, 61b, 61c) extends to each outlet opening or each pair of outlet openings (62, 62.1; 62a, 62.1a; 62b, 62.1b).

2Θ. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the milling arm (4) has one or, in particular, greater lengths (L) of the milling arm (4), two strip-shaped elongated, upright bars (48a, 48b) which have a transverse distance (C) from one another, whose narrow sides form guides (55) for one or two milling chains (12).

21. Device according to claim 20, characterized in that at least two outlet openings or the outlet openings (62, 62.1; 62a, 62.1a; 62b, 62.1b) in the both sides of the spar (48) or on the outside of the spars (48a, 48b) existing spaces (63a) delimited by the rotating milling tools (13).

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that one or more, in particular two, three or four outlet openings or pairs of outlet openings (62.1, 62.1a, 62.1b) open into the space (63b) present between the spars (48a, 48b).

23. Device for soil consolidation, with

- A milling arm (4) which can be lowered into the floor (9), on which milling tools (13) are arranged all the way round in an upright plane extending in the direction of advance (V), or device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the milling arm (4) is horizontally and transversely to the direction of advance (V) adjustable by an adjusting device (16) with a drive (18) and is fixed in the respective adjustment position on the chassis (2).

24. Soil stabilization device, with

- A milling arm (4) which can be lowered into the floor (9), on which milling tools (13) are arranged in an upright plane extending in the direction of advance (V) or device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the milling arm (4) by a detachable connection device with the

Chassis (2) is connected.

25. Soil stabilization device, with

- A milling arm (4) which can be lowered into the floor (9), on which milling tools (13) are arranged in an upright plane extending in the direction of advance (V) or device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of milling arms (4) are provided, which are preferably different, in particular of different lengths, which can optionally be connected to the chassis (2).

26. The apparatus of claim 24 or 25, characterized in that a plug-in connection device is provided for connecting the milling arm (4) to the chassis (2)

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that the respective milling arm (4) can be connected from the side to the chassis (2) by being plugged in or plugged on.

28. Device according to one of the preceding claims 24 to 27, characterized in that that the connecting device has a guide cross rail onto which the milling arm (4) can be pushed.

29. Device for soil consolidation, with - a milling arm (4) on the milling tools (13) in an upright position in the

Driving direction (V) extending plane are arranged circumferentially, - and a control station (8) for a helmsman, or device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control station (8) by an adjusting device (67) horizontally and transversely to the direction of advance ( V) is adjustable and lockable in the respective understanding position.

30. The device according to claim 29, characterized in that the preferably designed as a driver's cab on the milling arm (4) facing away from the end of a structure (6) of the chassis (2) is arranged.

31. The device, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on one or both sides of the milling chain (12) or the milling chains (12) milling tools (13) are preferably releasably attached, at least some of which to the outside and / or to have working legs (82; 87) protruding on the inside.

32. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that of the milling tools (13) arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction (U) have two or more milling tools of different shapes.

33. Device according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that the working leg (82) is arranged on a vertical holding leg (81) which has one or two holes (83) and through one or two adjacent chain link pins (84) on a chain link ( 12a) is screwed. 34. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding leg (81) and the working leg (82) enclose an acute angle or a right angle (WI) or an obtuse angle (W2) which relates to the milling chain (12) is open to the outside or inside.

35. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working leg (82) is integrally connected to the holding leg (81) and is preferably bent.

36. Vomchtung according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the milling tools (13) attached to one side of the milling chain (12) with respect to the milling tools attached to the other side of the milling chain (12)

(13) are arranged offset to one another in the direction of rotation (U).

37. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more milling tools (13) have a working leg (87) which is arranged convergent in the direction of rotation (U).

38. Apparatus according to claim 37, characterized in that the working leg (87) extends vertically or laterally inclined inwards.

39. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working leg (87) at least partially with respect to the holding leg

(81) is arranged offset inwards and is connected to the latter by an inwardly bent section of the holding leg (81).

40. Vomchtung according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end edges (86) of the working legs (82) pointing in the circumferential direction (U) with the circumferential direction (U) are right or blunt Include angle (W3).

4L device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (e and / or el) and / or the length (L3) and / or the angle

(WI and / or W2 and / or W3 and / or W4 and / or W5) the working leg (82; 87) is different from milling tools (13) which follow one another in the circumferential direction (U) and is preferably progressive.

42. Milling tool (13) for a device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has one or more of the features of claims 31 to 41.