WO1997044462A1 - Use of chemokine antagonist molecules for their antiviral activity, particularly against an hiv type retrovirus - Google Patents
Use of chemokine antagonist molecules for their antiviral activity, particularly against an hiv type retrovirus Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997044462A1 WO1997044462A1 PCT/FR1997/000900 FR9700900W WO9744462A1 WO 1997044462 A1 WO1997044462 A1 WO 1997044462A1 FR 9700900 W FR9700900 W FR 9700900W WO 9744462 A1 WO9744462 A1 WO 9744462A1
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- antagonist
- amino acid
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
- C07K14/521—Chemokines
- C07K14/523—Beta-chemokines, e.g. RANTES, I-309/TCA-3, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta/ACT-2/LD78/SCIF, MCP-1/MCAF, MCP-2, MCP-3, LDCF-1, LDCF-2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
Definitions
- the present application relates to the use of compounds antagonists of molecules of the chemokines family or antagonists of products derived from chemokines having preserved all the biological properties of chemokines, said compounds being characterized in that they make it possible to obtain l inhibition of a viral infection or of its m vitro or m vivo effects, said compounds preferably exhibiting anti-viral activity with respect to infections due to retroviruses causing immunodeficiency in a host, and in particular in a hurmm patient, in particular retroviruses of the HIV or HIV type (human immunodeficiency virus)
- Chemokines are molecules of the cytokine family, which have activation properties, in particular of cells of the leukocyte family involving in particular chemoattractive properties, calcium mobilizing properties by increasing intracellular calcium and enzyme release properties (exocytosis) These chemokines are known for their possible role as mediators of inflammation
- Chemokines have been described by their structure by their affinity for one or more receptors and by their biological properties in a publication by Baggiolmi M et al (Advances in Immunology (1994), vol 55, pages 97-179)
- these chemokines are characterized by the presence in their primary structure, of conserved cysteine residues (1 to 4 residues in particular) on the basis of which several sub-families have been distinguished according to the position of the first two cystems These families include those of the CXC proteins or of the CC proteins The presence of these cysteine residues induces the formation of disulfide bridges Among these chemokines, different molecules have been the subject of specific studies In this regard, mention will be made of the RANTES molecule described in the publication by Schall TJ et al (The Journal of Immunology, August 1, 1988, vol 141, 1018-1025, No 3) La RANTES molecule (abbreviation of Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-Express and presumably Secreted) was described in this article, in particular using the nucleotide sequence of its complementary DNA and using the amino acid sequence of the open reading phase The biological properties of RANTES have been described in particular in the aforementioned article by Baggiolini These receptors, specific
- chemokines such as MIP (Macrophage Inflammatory Protem) chemokines observed, isolated and purified from mouse macrophages (WOLPE SD et al, J Ex Med (1988), 167-170) have been described from the point of view of their biological properties in the article by Baggiohni et al (1994)
- MCP Monocyte Chemotactic Protem
- the authors of the present application are interested in the effect that chemokines can exert on the replication of the HIV retrovirus and after having verified the anti-viral effect of molecules such as RANTES, MIP1 ⁇ and MIP1 ⁇ vis-à-vis HIV, the inventors of the present application are interested in the biological mechanism allowing the interference of chemokines with the rephcation of the HIV retrovirus in T lymphocytes
- the inventors have characterized compounds, lacking the biological activities of chemokines and having notably lost the chemo-attractive activity of chemokines with respect to cells of the leukocyte type, in particular lymphocytes or monocytes, compounds which are susceptible nevertheless play a role in the control, or even the inhibition, of the effects of a viral infection, in particular of an infection of cells by a retrovirus of the HIV type
- chemokine antagonists for example chemokine antagonists of the CXC family or of the CC family, in particular of RANTES and / or MIP and / or MCP can oppose rephcation primary HIV retrovirus isolates in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs)
- PBLs peripheral blood lymphocytes
- the subject of the invention is therefore an antagonist compound also called an "antagonist" of one or more molecules of the family of chemokines for use in the treatment or prevention of infection due to a virus and more particularly to a retrovirus of the HIV type.
- the antagonist compound is used in particular for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of infection due to an HIV-type retrovirus.
- the term “antagonist” refers to a compound whose presence in a host and in particular in a human patient, is capable of affecting the activity of one or more chemokines while having the capacity prevent or inhibit viral infection in vivo or in vitro; in particular, such an antagonist can block or displace the binding of one or more chemokines to one or more chemokine receptors, on cells, for example, lymphocytes, monocytes or macrophages, and, therefore, if necessary indirect, this antagonist is likely to affect the biological cell activation properties of these chemokines
- the desired properties thus defined of this antagonist can advantageously be verified by means of a test carried out in vitro on normal PBL lymphocytes stimulated by a mitogen and infected with Primary isolates of HIV retrovirus
- the expression "prevention or treatment of an infection due to an HIV retrovirus” means the ability of the abovementioned antagonist compound to intervene either in the viral rephcation of isolates primary forms of HIV in cells participating in host
- This expression also includes the prevention and treatment of infections such as so-called opportunistic infections or tumors preceding and / or accompanying the development of the AIDS disease and therefore defined as diseases related to infection by an HIV retrovirus.
- infections such as so-called opportunistic infections or tumors preceding and / or accompanying the development of the AIDS disease and therefore defined as diseases related to infection by an HIV retrovirus.
- the test carried out in vitro on PBL lymphocytes (peripheral blood lymphocytes) infected with primary strains of HIV is a relevant indication of the therapeutic or prophylactic properties sought for the antagonists described.
- the term "HIV” includes human viruses and retroviruses or animals capable of inducing an immunodeficiency, such as the retroviruses known under the names of HIV-1 and HIV-2 and in particular the various isolates characterized to date, whether they are primary isolates or isolates modified to respond to m vitro culture constraints or infectious HIV clones from primary isolates
- the antagonistic compounds according to the invention make it possible, in the context of the treatment or prevention of an infection due to an HIV-type retrovirus, to reduce the rephcation and / or dissemination of the retrovirus in the organism of the infected host and / or correct the immune deficiency resulting from this infection or its manifestations
- the antagonist is a compound capable of entering into competition with one or more chemokines, for binding to one or more cell receptor (s) of this (these) dem ⁇ ère (s)
- the molecules belonging to the chemokine family are known to have at least for some of them, the capacity to bind different cellular receptors present on the cells derived from the lymphoid or myeloid lines, and in particular several receptors present on lymphocyte, monocyte, basophilic, or eosmophilic type cells.
- the antagonist usable in the context of the present application can according to a first particular embodiment of the invention, be selected for its ability to interfere with the normal interaction between the chemokines and their receptor (s) and in particular to modify the access, for example the conformational recognition of one or more chemokines vis-à-vis its receptor (s) or to block the binding of one or more chemokines with one or more natural cellular receptors of these chemokines
- this antagonist replaces one or more chemokine in the activity of binding to one or more receptors
- the invention also relates, according to another particular embodiment, to antagonistic compounds selected for their specific affinity with respect to '' a specific receptor or a determined number of chemokine receptors
- the antagonist used is chosen for its ability to displace the binding of one or more chemokines with respect to one or more cellular receptors of the latter
- the antagonist has a competitive activity with one or more chemokines chosen from RANTES, MIP1 ⁇ , MIP1 ⁇ , MCP1, MCP3 Structural relationships have been observed between the various aforementioned chemokines , in particular between the RANTES and MIP chemokines, both in terms of the amino acid sequence forming the primary structure of these chemokines and their secondary or three-dimensional structures as established by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique ( Wells TNC et al, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol 59, January 1996, pages 53-60)
- antagonists of the RANTES molecule are for example capable of binding the receptors of several chemokines, in particular those of RANTES, MCP3 and MCP1.
- Such antagonists have quite interesting properties, due to their capacity to occupy the sites normally occupied by RANTES, said occupation resulting in verifiable anti-viral activity in particular in vitro on normal lymphocytes infected with primary HIV isolates.
- An antagonistic compound of interest in the context of carrying out the invention is for example a compound whose structure is derived from the structure of a chemokine, for example of a chemokine chosen from the RANTES, MIP or MCP molecules defined above.
- this antagonist is further characterized in that it is devoid of the biological properties of chemokine or Chemokines whose activity it affects.
- the invention relates to chemokine antagonists lacking the chemoattraction properties usually recognized in chemokines and advantageously in the RANTES molecule
- the antagonist can be characterized in that it lacks the ability to transduce a signal in the cells to which it is linked via one or more determined receptors.
- the antagonist is characterized in that it transduces no biological activity through the receptor (s) to which it is linked.
- this antagonist nevertheless retains the antiviral activity recognized by the RANTES molecule, at least to a level to reduce rephcation or viral spread or their effect and advantageously to inhibit it
- an antagonist according to the invention can also be characterized in that it is devoid of the natural capacity of the RANTES molecule on the one hand to induce the release or the entry of calcium into the cells to which it is linked by a receptor and / or on the other hand, to affect the exocytosis by release of enzymes from these cells.
- the invention advantageously provides molecules having anti-viral effects from one or more chemokines which are nevertheless devoid of the side effects of active chemokines
- An interesting antagonist according to the invention can also be characterized in that it is a polypeptide derived from a chemokine, the structure of which comprises at least one, or even two disulfide bridges
- a polypeptide type antagonist derived from the RANTES polypeptide responding to the acid sequence.
- polypeptide refers to an amino acid structure comprising from 10 to 100, preferably from 10 to 70 amino acids, which structure can be used in linear form or in conformational form.
- the invention advantageously relates to antagonists having a structure corresponding to the structure conferred by the presence of several and in particular of two disulfide bridges such that observes it in cytokmes, especially in RANTES, MIP and MCP molecules
- a polypeptide derived from the RANTES polypeptide, which can be used in the context of the invention is for example obtained by deletion of all or part of its N-terminal sequence and in particular by deletion of all or part of the sequence between the acid residues amino acids 1 and 15 or between amino acids 1 and 9 or 1 and 8 (including the extreme residues) of the amino acid sequence shown in Figure 1 C
- the antagonist which can be used for the treatment or prevention of an infection due to an HIV retrovirus is a polypeptide corresponding to the following amino acid sequence (called RANTES 9-68)
- amino acid sequences are identified by reference to the letter code usually used.
- This antagonist can be used in the form of its primary structure or in a t ⁇ -dimensional form, for example in a form reproducing the essential characteristics of the conformational structure of the RANTES molecule at the very least from the part of this molecule involved in the binding to its receptor (s) cellula ⁇ re (s) This structure was reported in the article by Wells TNC supra and Chung CW (Biochemistry 34, 9307-9314)
- the antagonist which can be used in the context of the invention is a polypeptide derived from the RANTES polypeptide which is represented by its amino acid sequence in FIG. 1C, by deletion of all or part of its C-terminal sequence comprised between the amino acid residues 50 and 68, preferably 60 and 68 of the sequence represented in FIG. 1 C
- An antagonist derived from the RANTES polypeptide by substitution or by mutation can alternatively be characterized in that approximately 5% to approximately 10% of the amino acid residues, with the exception of the cysteine residues involved in the formation of disulfide bridges, are replaced.
- Residues of substituted amino acids can be replaced by neutral amino acids, or constituting a conservative substitution or chosen if necessary, taking into account the size
- lysine residues can be replaced by isoleucine, leucine or vahne residues
- such antagonists which can be used for carrying out the invention correspond to one of the following amino acid sequences
- the antagonist used is characterized in that it is a RANTES molecule the N-terminal end of which has been lengthened by the addition of at least one acid residue amino or alternatively of a RANTES molecule whose N- and C- terminal ends or whose internal sequences in these N- or C- termal regions have been lengthened by addition of one or more amino acid residues under conditions allowing to obtain the desired antagonistic effect.
- the subject of the invention is also a nucleotide sequence comprising a sequence coding for a polypeptide derived from the RANTES polypeptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 1, by deletion of all or part of the N-term sequence of this latest. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, this sequence codes for an antagonistic polypeptide as it was defined in the preceding pages
- the nucleotide sequence is characterized in that it responds to the following sequence •
- a nucleotide sequence according to the invention may optionally also include exogenous sequences, in particular regulatory and / or activation sequences capable of controlling and / or regulating the expression of the sequence coding for an antagonist according to the invention in a host cell, in vitro or m vivo
- a nucleotide sequence of the invention can be fused with all or part of a sequence coding for ⁇ -galactosidase.
- the coding sequence for ⁇ -galactosidase contains before the first codon corresponding to the first amino acid prohne of the molecule R9-68 or R8-68, a peptide sequence of the X-glycyl-L-propyl type, recognized specifically by a collagenase, thus allowing the achievement of a specific cleavage after the glycine residue of the polypeptide formed, releasing the antagonist.
- This technique is described in European patent application 01 15974.
- the nucleotide sequence is characterized in that it is inserted into an expression vector or adsorbed on a support capable of being internalized in a eukaryotic cell or even in a bacterium capable to enter eukaryotic cells such as Shigella according to the method described by Courvalin P et al (CR Acad Sci Pans, 1995, 318 1207-12)
- This vector is advantageously chosen to allow expression in vitro in a cellular host, d an antagonist as defined above or to allow expression in vivo in a host to which it is administered, in particular in a patient infected with an HIV retrovirus, for the purposes of transient or continuous expression of an antagonist as defined in the preceding pages
- nucleotide sequences thus defined in the context of the invention can, for example, be used in the context of a gene therapy protocol aimed at preventing or treating an infection due to an HIV retrovirus
- vectors usable in the context of these therapies such as those described in the international patent applications published under the numbers WO 95/14785 and WO 94/24298
- nucleotide sequences can also be administered using the techniques described in the patent FR 271 1670 or in international patent application WO 90/1 1092, for the expression m vivo
- vectors may be used allowing the administration or the controlled or even delayed release of these nucleotide sequences or of their expression product in the treated host, in order to obtain a continuous or iterative antiviral effect at least over a period sufficient to reduce or even inhibit the retrovirus or its effects.
- techniques such as those involving the use of a calcium phosphate gel can be used to obtain a release with delayed effect of an active product. Such techniques are for example described in French patent 2,543,439. Sequences recognized by cellular or extracellular proteases can be used to allow the production of mature forms of the antagonist molecules of RANTES from these vectors.
- the mature form of the RANTES protein is indeed produced after cleavage of a sequence of 23 amino acids located upstream of the first residue (seine) of the active form of the protein
- the serum levels to be reached in treated patients would be in the range of 1 to 100 nM.
- the subject of the invention is also a polypeptide corresponding to the expression product in a host cell, for example a bacterial cell or a eukaryotic cell, in particular a yeast cell, a mammalian cell, for example CHO, of a sequence of nucleotides as defined above.
- a host cell for example a bacterial cell or a eukaryotic cell, in particular a yeast cell, a mammalian cell, for example CHO, of a sequence of nucleotides as defined above.
- Another antagonistic polypeptide which can be used in the context of the invention is, for example, a RANTES polypeptide modified by the addition of one or more amino acid residues upstream of its N-terminal end.
- a methionine in upstream of the first residue (seine) of the mature form of RANTES would have the advantage of inhibiting the chemoattractive capacity of chemokine while retaining its capacity to inhibit viral infection, thanks to its unmodified capacity to bind specifically to its receiver
- modified molecules of RANTES or other antagonistic polypeptides can be carried out by chemical synthesis or by recombination and expression in a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, for example in yeast or in E coli
- the polypeptide is an antagonist of one or more chemokines chosen from RANTES, MIP or MCP, characterized in that it is derived from the RANTES polypeptide responding to the amino acid sequence represented in FIG. 1, by substitution, addition or deletion of at least one amino acid residue, said antagonist being devoid of the chemoattractive properties of chemokines, for example with respect to leukocytes, in particular lymphocytes, said polypeptide being in the form of a fusion polypeptide, capable of binding the cellular receptor (s) of RANTES and / or MIP and / or MCP
- polypeptides of the invention can be prepared by genetic engineering or by chemical synthesis for example on an apparatus (Applied Biosystems) or by synthesis on solid phase described by Merrifiel, for example according to the technique described in application WO 95/09868
- the invention also relates to a composition characterized in that it comprises, for the separate or simultaneous administration, an antagonist compound of one or more molecules of the chemokine family as defined above, and one or more active agents capable of being used in the treatment of an infection by an HIV retrovirus, for example an agent which can be used in chemotherapy such as a reverse anti-transeptase compound or viral anti-protease compound or a compound such as a CD4 receptor antagonist present on lymphocytes of patients infected with an HIV retrovirus or a compound which can be used in immunotherapy, for example a cytokine and in particular mterleukin 2
- said composition comprises, in addition to the antagonist compound of one or more chemokines and one or more active substances in antiviral chemotherapy, and / or an agent for treating opportunistic infections that develop during infection with an HIV retrovirus or during the course of infection in vivo
- the compounds of the invention can in this regard be administered by injection by intravenous route, for example by infusion, by intramuscular or subcutaneous
- intravenous route for example by infusion
- intramuscular or subcutaneous In the case of the use in gene therapy of the compounds described in the invention, recourse may be had to patient cells, for example fibroblasts, myoblasts or hematopoietic cells treated with appropriate vectors containing the sequences nucleotides of the invention, these cells then being reimplanted in the patient for the express the above nucleotide sequences
- the effectiveness of the treatment thus carried out can be evaluated by monitoring and monitoring the viral, plasma and cellular load and by examining the evolution of the number of lymphocytes carrying CD4 receptors, as well as the immunological and inflammatory status of the patient.
- Figure 1 Nucleotide and amino acid sequence of RANTES A: cDNA sequence comprising the coding sequence B Coding sequence of the mature RANTES protein C. Amino acid sequence of RANTES Figure 2 Nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the polypeptides
- R9-68 and R8-68 and of substituted polypeptides A- Coding sequence of R9-68 and of R8-68 B Sequence of the R9-68 and R8-68 polypeptides
- a RANTES chemokine antagonist was defined and obtained in the form of a truncated polypeptide whose amino acid sequence corresponds to amino acid residues 9 to 68 of the amino acid sequence of the RANTES molecule as defined in FIG. 1
- the antagonist RANTES 9-68 was produced using the technique described in the publication by Gong JH et al (JBC vol 271 N18, issue of may 3, 1996 p 10521 -10527)
- a clone of a primary isolate obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid of an affected patient of AIDS (designated by HIV JR-CSF Koganagi Y et al Science 236 819, 1987 and Cann AJ et al, J Virol 64 4735, 1990) was used as well as a clone PYU2 corresponding to a primary strain of HIV having a troptsm for T lymphocytes and monocytes and isolated from the brain (Li et al, J Virol, 1992, vol 66-6587)
- the proviral DNA was transfected into COS7 cells and the supernatant obtained after three days of the transfected culture containing the infectious particles was used to infect PBL
- the antiviral capacity of R9-68 demonstrated in cells infected with HIV pYU2 and HIV JR
- the antiviral properties of the antagonist R9-68 were tested by determining the capacity of this antagonist to block the rephcation of the HIV virus.
- the ability of a molecule to block the rephcation of the HIV virus could be tested using the technique using leukocytes isolated on a Ficoll gradient from healthy donors, which leukocytes were infected in vitro with primary viral isolates. , unable to replicate in transformed cell lines.
- cells from six different donors were infected for 2 or 3 hours with HIV isolates.
- the amount of viral inoculum was estimated by quantification of the GAG P24 protein and was found to be between 150 to 5000 programs per 10 000 000 cells.
- the cells were cultured on of 96-well microplates (2 ⁇ 10 5/200 microliters) in the presence of the tested molecules purified in an enriched culture medium in the interleukin 2. the culture supernatants were collected periodically and the cell cultures were subcultured with fresh media and the molecules tested.
- PHA-treated blasts have also been added to bring the infected culture fresh cells serving as a target for HIV Viral rephcation was measured using the P24 ELISA kit (Dupont de Nemours) (detection threshold 3 pg / ml)
- the cells infected with pYU2 and treated with R9-68 at the concentration of 1000 nM produced 7 pg / ml of p24 protein on day 11 (76 and 24 pg / ml on days 6 and 8 respectively)
- La p24 protein was not detected in cultures of this same donor infected with JR-CSF in the presence of R9-68 on day 11 (62 and 15 pg / ml were detected on days 6 and 8 respectively)
- Control cultures infected with pYU2 and JR-CSF but not treated with R9-68 showed an intense viral rephcation which generated 7 ng / ml and 1 13 ng / ml of P24 protein on day 1 1 respectively
- the antagonist AAR-IL8 1000 nM of the protein IL8 was devoid of antiviral effect
- Proviral DNA has revealed a deep decrease in the specific signal in infected cells in the presence of R9-68
- the specificity of the signal obtained from proviral DNA was demonstrated by its abolition in infected cells and treated with the reverse viral transc ⁇ ptase inhibitor, 3'-az ⁇ do-3'deoxyth ⁇ m ⁇ d ⁇ ne (AZT)
- ZT reverse viral transc ⁇ ptase inhibitor
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU30369/97A AU3036997A (en) | 1996-05-22 | 1997-05-22 | Use of chemokine antagonist molecules for their antiviral activity, particularly against an hiv type retrovirus |
EP97925120A EP0953051A1 (en) | 1996-05-22 | 1997-05-22 | Use of chemokine antagonist molecules for their antiviral activity, particularly against an hiv type retrovirus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9606368A FR2748938B1 (en) | 1996-05-22 | 1996-05-22 | USE OF ANTAGONIST MOLECULES OF CHEMOKINES FOR THEIR ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY IN PARTICULAR AGAINST HIV-TYPE RETROVIRUSES |
FR96/06368 | 1996-05-22 |
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WO1997044462A1 true WO1997044462A1 (en) | 1997-11-27 |
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PCT/FR1997/000900 WO1997044462A1 (en) | 1996-05-22 | 1997-05-22 | Use of chemokine antagonist molecules for their antiviral activity, particularly against an hiv type retrovirus |
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EP (1) | EP0953051A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3036997A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2255572A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2748938B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997044462A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1998051705A1 (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 1998-11-19 | Fondazione Centro San Raffaele Del Monte Tabor | Peptides with antiviral activity |
EP0905240A1 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 1999-03-31 | Applied Research Systems Ars Holding N.V. | Amino-terminally truncated c-c chemokines as chemokine antagonists |
FR2771423A1 (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-05-28 | Transgene Sa | Recombinant viral vector expressing polypeptide that inhibits viral binding |
WO1999028474A2 (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-10 | The Government Of The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of Health And Human Services | Chemokine variants and methods of use |
WO1999033989A2 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-08 | Fondazione Centro San Raffaele Del Monte Tabor | Rantes mutants and therapeutic applications thereof |
EP0915969A4 (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 2002-04-17 | Progenics Pharm Inc | Method for preventing hiv-1 infection of cd4+ cells |
US6498015B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2002-12-24 | Icos Corporation | Methods of identifying agents that modulate the binding between MDC and an MDC receptor |
US6737513B1 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 2004-05-18 | Icos Corporation | Macrophage derived chemokine (MDC) and chemokine analogs and assay to identify modulators of MDC activity, and therapeutic uses for same |
US7018627B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2006-03-28 | Icos Corporation | Macrophage derived chemokine (MDC), MDC analogs, MDC inhibitor substances, and uses thereof |
US7067117B1 (en) | 1997-09-11 | 2006-06-27 | Cambridge University Technical Services, Ltd. | Compounds and methods to inhibit or augment an inflammatory response |
WO2008012689A2 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2008-01-31 | The Mintaka Medical Research Foundation | Cytokine derivatives |
US7935797B2 (en) | 1996-04-01 | 2011-05-03 | Progenics Pharmaceuticals Inc. | CCR5 chemokine receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies capable of inhibiting HIV-1 cell fusion |
US8821877B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2014-09-02 | Cytodyn Inc. | Methods for inhibiting HIV-1 replication involving the administration of an anti-CCR5 receptor monoclonal antibody and small molecule CCR5 receptor antagonist |
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1996
- 1996-05-22 FR FR9606368A patent/FR2748938B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-05-22 EP EP97925120A patent/EP0953051A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-22 WO PCT/FR1997/000900 patent/WO1997044462A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-22 AU AU30369/97A patent/AU3036997A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-22 CA CA 2255572 patent/CA2255572A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
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FR2748938B1 (en) | 1998-07-31 |
FR2748938A1 (en) | 1997-11-28 |
AU3036997A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
EP0953051A1 (en) | 1999-11-03 |
CA2255572A1 (en) | 1997-11-27 |
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