WO1996035930A1 - Moniteur pour l'environnement - Google Patents
Moniteur pour l'environnement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996035930A1 WO1996035930A1 PCT/JP1996/001208 JP9601208W WO9635930A1 WO 1996035930 A1 WO1996035930 A1 WO 1996035930A1 JP 9601208 W JP9601208 W JP 9601208W WO 9635930 A1 WO9635930 A1 WO 9635930A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- chopper
- infrared
- sensor
- disk
- radiation
- Prior art date
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- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 51
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005457 Black-body radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=NN1 WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000254158 Lampyridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000220259 Raphanus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0014—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation from gases, flames
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
- G01J5/0803—Arrangements for time-dependent attenuation of radiation signals
- G01J5/0805—Means for chopping radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an environment monitoring technology based on an infrared detection method, and in particular, separates incident infrared light into a plurality of wavelength bands, detects infrared intensity in each of the separated wavelength bands with a sensor, and monitors a monitoring area based on the output.
- the present invention relates to a technology that is effective for use in a shoving mechanism of an environmental monitoring device capable of detecting a temperature of a fire and determining a fire.
- an infrared detection method for detecting infrared rays emitted from a flame is known.
- a firefly is provided which intermittently intercepts infrared rays incident in front of the infrared ray detector.
- One of the conventional general choppers has a disadvantage that the detector reacts and outputs when there is a temperature difference between the chopper and the background even when there is no heat source in the field of view of the detector.
- the fire detector using a fever described in the above-mentioned prior application it is possible to detect the presence or absence of a fire when monitoring a relatively wide field of view.
- the outputs of the detectors may interfere with each other and the presence or absence of the fire itself may not be recognized.
- the detector receives infrared light from fire source A and infrared light from fire source B: At this time, the direction of infrared light from each fire source is different.
- the infrared rays from the fire source A pass through the slit (opening) of the chopper when the infrared rays from the fire source A are blocked by the chopper.
- the infrared radiation that reaches the detector has the same effect as being unobstructed by the chopper, and in fact two fire sources It may be judged that there is no fire source.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to monitor a wide field of view and recognize where a fire has occurred in the field of view. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fire detection technology that can recognize the occurrence and location of each fire even when a plurality of fires have occurred. Another object of the present invention is to make it possible to detect the presence / absence of a fire and its occurrence position by using a signal processing circuit and a judgment circuit in a conventional fire detection device simply by changing only the chopper. . Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention provides a rotary-type chopper and a disk in which a plurality of slits having a width substantially equal to the diameter of a light-receiving portion of a sensor (detection element) are radially formed. Each of them is rotatably arranged such that when one of the slits faces the sensor, the infrared light incident on the sensor is cut off by the chopper 2 to 16 times, preferably 2 to 8 times. At least two sets of multiple infrared sensors that rotate the disk and the rotunda at a speed and detect different wavelength bands behind the hopper and the disk along the direction of the axis around the rotation axis It is provided.
- the number of openings of the chopper be twice or a multiple of the number of pairs of sensors to be arranged.
- the width of the opening of the chopper is preferably less than half the pitch of the opening.
- the frequency of the chopper is preferably 1 to 10 OHz.
- the sensor to be used is a pyroelectric sensor, the frequency is preferably about 1 Hz.
- the frequency of the tine is 1 to 1 OOH z is good.
- the number of slits formed on the disk is preferably twice or multiples of the number of sensor pairs to be arranged:
- the rotation directions of the chopper and the disk are arbitrary, and they may be rotated in the same direction or in opposite directions.
- the position of the hopper and the disk may be either before or after, but it is preferable to have the hopper in front
- a detection signal can be obtained by scanning the monitoring area in the X direction and the Y direction, so that a fire occurs at any position in the field of view It is easy to recognize whether a fire has occurred, and it is also possible to distinguish and detect fires at multiple locations.
- the output of each sensor group can be in phase. This makes subsequent signal processing easier.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a basic configuration of an environment monitoring device to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the arrangement of the infrared sensor group 5 in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a front elevational view showing details of the chicken and the disc and the relationship between the details and the infrared sensor group.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory side view showing the relationship between the radish and the disc and the infrared sensor group, and an example of the birch of the speed reducer.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a method of recognizing a fire occurrence position in the environment monitoring device of the present invention, and particularly showing a position of a heating element in a monitoring area.
- FIG. 6 is a horizontal scan image diagram in which the infrared intensity based on the outputs of the infrared sensor groups S11 to S14 is represented two-dimensionally by shading.
- FIG. 7 is a vertical scan image diagram in which the intensity of infrared rays based on the outputs of the infrared sensor groups S21 to S24 is represented two-dimensionally by shading.
- FIG. 8 is a composite diagram showing an image obtained by composing the horizontal scan image of FIG. 6 and the vertical scan image of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the relative ratio of the output of the infrared sensor of each wavelength element when an experiment for detecting various heating elements was performed in the fire detector having the configuration shown in Fig. 1:
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an image of a temperature distribution observed by a conventional thermo-monitor:
- FIG. 11 shows an infrared intensity distribution based on the sensor output of the environment monitoring device of the present invention at the same height.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram displayed two-dimensionally by lines and shades.
- FIG. 12 shows the calculation of the temperature of each part by the method of the above embodiment based on the outputs of the sensors for detecting the wavelengths of 5.5 / zm and 8.5 ⁇ m among the sensors of the environment monitoring apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram in which the temperature distribution is displayed two-dimensionally by contour lines and shades.
- FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of an environment monitoring device to which the method of the present invention is applied.
- the infrared rays emitted from the flame and other infrared sources S enter the infrared detector D.
- the infrared detector D the infrared light is separated into a plurality of wavelength bands, and the infrared intensity in each wavelength band is detected.
- the infrared detecting section D is composed of a rotary chopper 1 for periodically separating incident infrared light, a disk 2 having radially formed slits 2a, and a motor 3 for rotating each of them at a predetermined speed.
- the infrared sensor group 5 disposed behind the chopper 1 and the disk 2, the signal processing circuit 6 for processing signals output from the infrared sensor group 5, and the output from the signal processing circuit 6 And a judgment circuit 7 for judging a fire.
- the infrared sensor group 5 includes four sets of four pyroelectric infrared sensors that detect infrared rays in mutually different wavelength bands, and two sets of the pyroelectric infrared sensors are provided. It has a built-in band pass filter that transmits infrared light in the band.
- FIG. 2 shows an arrangement example of the infrared sensor group 5.
- S11 to S14 are one set of infrared sensor groups
- S21 to S24 are another set of infrared sensor groups
- each set of infrared sensor groups is a disk.
- the infrared sensor groups S11 to S14 and the infrared sensor groups S21 to S24 are arranged 90 degrees in a straight line along the radial direction about the rotation axis behind They are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other at an angle, that is, to form a cross as a whole.
- the four infrared sensors in each set include a wavelength band including a wavelength of 2.8 to 32 m, a wavelength band including a wavelength of 4.2 to 4.6, and a wavelength band of 4.6 to 5.5, respectively. 4 wavelengths including a wavelength band including 4 im and a wavelength band including a 4 wavelength of 8.0 to 9.0 m It is configured to detect long band infrared rays.
- the detection wavelengths are: 1) center wavelength 3 / xm, half-width 0.4 m wavelength band, 2) center wavelength 4.4 zm, half-width 0.4 izm wavelength band, 3) center wavelength 5.5 um, half It is selected to detect infrared rays in four wavelength bands: a wavelength band of 0.8 mm, a central wavelength of 8.5 m, and a half bandwidth of 1.0 // m.
- One of these wavelength bands includes a resonance radiation wavelength band of C0 2 molecules (4. 3 jam).
- the wavelength band (2) corresponds to this.
- the number of detection wavelength bands is not limited to four as described above, but may be divided into three, and practically five to six divisions are sufficient.
- the infrared sensor of (4) a sensor that detects infrared rays in a wavelength band of 6.5 / m or more or a sensor that detects infrared rays in a wavelength band of 8 or more may be used.
- the infrared sensor a semiconductor infrared sensor or any other than a pyroelectric infrared sensor may be used.
- Pyroelectric infrared sensor is obtained by forming an electrode by lithium tantalate and P b (Z r x T i i- y) 0 3 the deposition on the front and back surfaces of the thin plate typified by pyroelectric like.
- a pulse motor, a DC motor, or the like is suitable for rotating the chopper 1, but in the case of a DC motor, a rotation like a photo interrupter for detecting the rotation speed of the disk 1 or the disk 2 is appropriate.
- a detector is required.
- the chopper is driven by the pulse monitor, the number of rotations can be known from the drive circuit, so that the photointerrupter for detecting the rotation speed of the chopper is unnecessary.
- a DC motor is used, and a speed reducer 4 is provided for reducing the rotation of the motor and enabling the chopper 1 and the disk 2 to be rotated by one motor.
- Figures 3 and 4 show the details of the chopper 1 and the disk 2, the relationship between them and the infrared sensor group 5, and an example of the configuration of the speed reducer 4.
- Note that 8 is the slit of the disk (or chopper).
- a photointerrupter 9 for detecting the position of the chopper is a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature near the chopper.
- the chopper 1 of this embodiment is provided with four (two times the number of sets of infrared ray sensors:>) apertures 1a at equal angles (90 degrees :) from each other.
- the width of the aperture la Is 45 Degrees.
- disk 2 has eight slits 2a at an angle of 45 degrees (four times the number of pairs of infrared sensors).
- the width of the slit 2a is set to be slightly wider (about 5.6 degrees) than the diameter of the light receiving part of the infrared sensor. If the width of the slit 2a is too small, the resolution is reduced. Therefore, it is desirable that the slit 2a be approximately the same as the diameter of the light receiving section (1 to 2 times the diameter of the light receiving section).
- the width of the slit 2a referred to here is the width of the slit facing the sensor on the most central side of the plural arrays. Further, the diameter of the light receiving section is not the diameter of the sensor shown in the drawing.
- the illustrated sensor is a packaged one, in which an element is arranged, and the diameter of the light receiving part.
- the rotation speed of the motor 13 is controlled so that the frequency of the chuck 1 is 1 Hz, and the reduction ratio of the reducer 4 is determined when one of the slits 2a faces the sensor. It is determined that 1 interrupts incident infrared rays 2 to 16 times, preferably 2 to 8 times. That is, when the rotation direction is the same as that of the chopper 1 as shown in Fig. 3, the reduction ratio is 1Z32 to 1/256.
- the rotation directions of the chopper and the disk are arbitrary, and they may be rotated in opposite directions. If the number of choppers (intermittent times) of chopper 1 is large, scanning takes a long time, which is not preferable. In addition, in order to obtain a stable signal with good reproducibility from the sensor, the number of times of shoving of the chopper 1 is required to be two or more.
- the detection signal of the photointerrupter 8 is supplied to the signal processing circuit 6, where the slit position of the disk 2 or the rotation speed of the chopper 1 is calculated, and the motor 3 is turned to a predetermined rotation speed. A control signal is output.
- Output signals from the infrared sensors S11 to S14 and S21 to S24 are also input to the signal processing circuit 6, where processing such as AZD conversion and synchronous detection is performed. Further, the judging circuit 7 calculates the temperature of the infrared light source, the heating area, and their temporal changes based on the signal from the signal processing circuit 6, and judges whether the infrared light source is a fire based on the result, and When it is determined that the alarm signal or the monitor is driven, a part of the function of the signal processing device 6 and the function of the determination circuit 7 may be processed by using a microcomputer:
- two sets of infrared sensor groups S 11 1 to 5 14 and 5 2 1 to 5 2 4 are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other around the axis of rotation of the disk 2, that is, in a cross shape, so that if there is a heat generation distribution as shown in FIG.
- the infrared intensity based on the outputs of the infrared sensor groups S11 to S14 is expressed two-dimensionally by shading, an image signal obtained by scanning the field of view in the horizontal direction can be obtained as shown in FIG.
- an image signal can be obtained by vertically scanning the field of view as shown in FIG. .
- FIG. 8 an image as shown in FIG. 8 is obtained.
- the symbol G is a ghost, and by superimposing the ghost on a field image obtained from a monitoring camera or the like, the position of the infrared source, that is, the heating element can be specified.
- the two infrared sensor groups are arranged in a cross shape.However, three infrared sensor groups are prepared, and they are arranged in a straight line shifted by 60 degrees from each other. May be. This makes it possible to obtain image signals scanned in three directions, which makes it easier to identify the position of the infrared light source.
- the size of the heating element is calculated after grasping the approximate size from the waveform of the sensor output signal from the scan. If the heat generation area is larger than the range that can be seen from the slit, the heating area can be known from the moving range where the slit scans the heat generation area. If the heat generation area is smaller than the range that can be seen from the slit, the calculation will be described later. Calculate the heating area.
- the presence or absence of a flame is monitored based on the output from the sensor that detects infrared rays in the wavelength band of (2), and the sensor that detects infrared rays in the wavelength band of (1) and the infrared ray in the wavelength band of (3) are detected.
- the high-temperature range is monitored based on the output from the sensor that performs the infrared detection in the wavelength band (1), and the low-temperature range is monitored based on the output from the sensor that detects the infrared light in the wavelength band (3).
- the high-temperature range is monitored based on the output from the sensor that performs the infrared detection in the wavelength band (1)
- the low-temperature range is monitored based on the output from the sensor that detects the infrared light in the wavelength band (3).
- a 1 ⁇ Vi is represented by an approximate expression as shown by 1 /.
- h Planck's constant
- c light speed
- k is Boltzmann's constant.
- a l, a 2, ⁇ an (n is an integer of 2 or more) are coefficients for correcting variations in the sensitivity of each sensor and variations in the amplification of the circuit. Assuming that the intensity of radiation emitted by the heating element per unit area into the half space is P, the output value V of the sensor is P.
- the distance is the distance between the detector and the heating element.
- the wavelength range of the flame-specific radiation component is almost constant irrespective of the size and quality of the flame, but the amount of the flame-specific radiation component contained in the entire radiation is the size of the flame, It depends on the quality.
- the radiation of the flame is divided into the blackbody radiation part and the flame-specific radiation part in the flame, and is the sum of the radiation of the blackbody part and the radiation of the flame-specific part.
- the amount of the radiation component specific to the flame varies depending on the size of the flame.
- the wavelength band in which the flame-specific radiation appears is mainly in the wavelength band ⁇ ⁇ , which is the resonance radiator of co 2 , but the flame-specific radiation also appears in the wavelength band 3.
- the radiation that appears in wavelength band 3 is considered to be radiation from moisture generated during combustion.
- Figure 9 is an example showing the relative ratio of the intensity of a plurality of infrared radiation band which includes the intensity of the infrared radiation in at least C0 2 resonance radiation band the temperature of the detection object, the fire detector having the structure shown in FIG. 1 It shows the relative ratio of sensor output in each wavelength band when conducting experiments to detect various heating elements.
- the radiation component peculiar to the flame has the component ratio of the FR point in Fig. 9 in the wavelength bands (1) and (3). With this point as the center, the ratio of one sensor output due to combustion of different combustibles is on a straight line.
- the emission components peculiar to the flame in the wavelength bands (1) and (3) of all kinds of flames have the component ratio represented by the FR point. If you subtract the amount that the flame has, it will converge at a point on the blackbody radiation line regardless of the size of the flame.
- the radiation of the flame Uto release resonance by molecular vibration of C 0 2, H 2 0 or the like generated by the combustion, Ru der those thermal radiation by solid particles such as graphite that occurred is superimposed by combustion.
- the radiation of solid particles is distributed over the entire flame and is emitted by particles dispersed in the gas, so it is translucent. And even if this part is a translucent body, if the flame is large to some extent, the emissivity (the ratio of the radiation intensity of the wavelength at a certain temperature of an object to the radiation intensity of the wavelength at a certain temperature of a black body) Can be considered almost 1.
- the radiation specific to the flame due to C 0 2 , H 2 0, etc. has a very high radiation efficiency and is emitted from the flame surface. Therefore, for example, the radiation associated with the combustion of normal heptane is represented by the point a in Fig. 9 which is the thermal radiation due to solid particles such as graphite generated by the combustion, and the point FR which is the radiation peculiar to the flame by C 0 2 , H 2 0 etc. c
- radiation caused by the combustion of methanol with radiation components on the line drawn between the is a radiation ingredients on a straight line between the point b and FR point in FIG.
- the temperature of the flame is highest for the gas in the outer layer of the flame. Therefore, the temperature at which heat radiation occurs is often not the maximum temperature of the flame, but when considering the scale of the entire flame, the heat radiation from solid particles such as graphite generated by combustion is superimposed.
- the radiation of solid particles is distributed almost entirely in the flame, and it is radiation of a translucent body because it is radiation by particles dispersed in gas. It is better to consider the heat radiation from solid particles such as:
- the calculation method for obtaining this temperature will be examined below.-In the example of Fig. 9, the origin of the straight line that indicates the characteristics of the flames of normal heptane and methanol is shown.
- a specific calculation example is shown. In this calculation example, approximate calculation is performed to simplify the calculation.
- the characteristic of the blackbody radiation curve is that the ratio of the wavelength band 2 has little change with respect to temperature and is about 20% of the total of the three wavelengths. Therefore, by subtracting the flame-specific component so that the ratio of wavelength band (1) is about 20% of the total of the three wavelengths of wavelength band (1), wavelength band (2), and wavelength band (3), almost black-body radiation components remain. Can be.
- the error can be reduced by adjusting the standard of the ratio of the wavelength band 2 after subtraction to the blackbody radiation of 700'C to 1 OOO'C.
- the error given to the temperature calculation result is at most about 20 ° C. If this is adjusted to blackbody radiation below 500 ° C, the error at high temperatures will increase.
- V2-R2 V1 + V2 + V3
- Vf2-Vf3 Becomes The emission component of the flame may be subtracted from the wavelength band 3 with the wavelength band ⁇ using Vx obtained here.
- the flame temperature T is determined by applying the value of the wavelength band ⁇ and the corrected value of the wavelength band 3 V3 ′ to [Equation 1]. From the temperature obtained here, the radiation intensity per unit area in the wavelength bands (1) and (3) is calculated. Assuming that the radiation intensity per unit area obtained by applying the blank radiation law to each radiation band is P 2 ′, P 3 *, the calculated value of the sensor output is
- V2 " P 2 '/ (2 ⁇ then 2 ⁇ a 2)
- V3 " P3, / (27cL 2 ⁇ a 3)
- the temperature and area of the infrared source are determined by the above-described procedure.
- the temperature of the infrared ray source is high, it is not a fire if the size, that is, the area is small, but if the area is large even if the temperature is low, there is a high possibility of a fire.
- An important factor in considering such a heat source in any state is the amount of heat that the heat source gives to the surroundings. In other words, the greater the amount of heat given to the surroundings, the greater the risk of fire spread and the greater the speed of expansion.
- the amount of heat the fire source gives to the surroundings is determined by the amount of radiant energy of the fire source.
- the amount of radiant energy can be considered as the size of the fire source.
- the radiant energy W of a heat source at a certain temperature T and area s is given by Stefan-Boltzmann law,
- ⁇ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, which is 5.673 X 10 12 (W / cm 2 -deg 4 ): Therefore, the scale from the temperature and area of the infrared source to the fire source can be obtained.
- an alarm is issued when the amount of radiated energy obtained by the above means exceeds the amount of heat generated in a dangerous state in the target space.
- the heat generated by the fire source is 5 kW to 20 kW. It is said to be dangerous at kW, that is, a state where a person present in the space feels dangerous: Of course, this value is targeted It is a character that can be changed depending on the size and use of the space.
- one or more sub-categories are set for values smaller than the calorific value of the above-mentioned danger state, and when the amount of radiated energy exceeds each of the sub-categories, the danger is classified step by step and an alarm is issued, thereby causing a fire. From the initial state, a warning alarm can be issued, which not only enables more accurate fire detection, but also facilitates initial response.
- the rate of increase of radiant energy is determined from the rate of change of the calculated amount of radiant energy over a certain period of time.
- this method there is a method of storing calculated values of radiant energy in a time series for a certain period of time, performing a high-frequency cutoff filter processing such as a moving average on the time series values, and comparing two radiant energy values separated by a certain time period. Based on the time-series values stored for a certain period of time, a method of obtaining a change tendency from these values by the least squares method is used.
- the storage time when calculating the increase rate is preferably 10 seconds or more, but is preferably 3 minutes or less to avoid a delay in the alarm.
- the criteria for fire judgment are: if the rate of increase in the amount of radiant energy exceeds a predetermined value, if the rate of increase in the amount of radiant energy is greater than There are cases where the rate of increase is greater than a certain percentage, and the rate of increase is divided into a percentage of one or more predetermined stepwise divisions of the radiant energy of the heat source. These are appropriately selected according to the requirements determined by the space and the like. Usually, this category is about 1-5.
- the warning is issued when the rate of increase of the radiant energy exceeds the above criteria or when the heat source is determined to be a fire if it falls into the above category, and when the increase rate of the amount of radiant energy exceeds
- the alarms of the determined six stages are shifted to higher-level alarms, which are also selected as appropriate according to the specifications of the target space
- An environmental monitoring device to which the above embodiment is applied is installed in a plant having a group of pipes through which a high-temperature (300 to 500 ° C.) fluid flows and a pump through which the fluid flows, and the temperature distribution of each part is measured.
- An experiment to detect was performed.
- FIG. 10 shows an image of the temperature distribution observed with the conventional thermo-monitor
- Fig. 11 shows the infrared intensity distribution based on the sensor output of the environment monitoring device of the present invention. What is displayed in is shown.
- FIG. 12 shows the temperature of each part based on the output of the sensor that detects the wavelengths of 5.5 ⁇ m and 8.5 / xm among the sensors of the environmental monitoring device of the present invention. Is calculated, and the temperature distribution is shown two-dimensionally by contour lines and shades, respectively. In FIGS. 10 to 12, the darker the portion (the narrower the hatching pitch), the higher the temperature. It was confirmed that the two hot parts in the center shown in Figs. 10 and 11 were pumps in the blunt. Since the results of FIGS.
- the environment monitoring device of the present invention can obtain an infrared intensity distribution substantially similar to the temperature distribution obtained by the conventional Thermoview II.
- the field of view of the thermoview in FIG. 10 is different from the field of view of the environment monitoring device of the present invention in FIG. Inspection of a part of the plant corresponding to the high-temperature part shown in Fig. 12 confirmed that a part of the pipe had a very small area but extremely high temperature.
- this local high-temperature part was not shown. This is probably because the area is extremely small. From the above experiments, it can be seen that the environment monitoring device of the present invention is excellent in local high temperature detection sensitivity. Therefore, it is clear that the apparatus of the present invention enables early detection of abnormal temperature and fire.
- a disk in which a plurality of slits each having a width slightly larger than the diameter of the light receiving portion of the sensor are radially formed and a rotary type chopper are rotatably arranged coaxially. Then, when one of the slits is facing the sensor, the infrared rays incident on that sensor are cut off by the chicken for 2 to 16 times. At least two sets of infrared sensors that detect different wavelength bands are arranged in the radial direction around the rotation axis at the back of the chopper and the disc while rotating the disc and the chopper once at an appropriate rotation speed.
- a detection signal can be obtained by scanning the monitoring area in the X direction and the Y direction, and a fire may occur at any position in the field of view. This makes it easy to recognize whether or not a fire has occurred, and has the effect of making it possible to distinguish and detect fires at multiple locations.
- the present invention it is possible to detect the presence / absence of a fire and the position where the fire has occurred by using the signal processing circuit and the judgment circuit in the conventional fire detection device only by changing the chopper.
- the number of openings of the chopper is set to twice or a multiple of the number of pairs of sensors to be arranged, and the number of slits formed on the disk is set to twice or a multiple of the number of pairs of sensors to be arranged.
- the environmental monitoring device of the present invention is effective not only for judging a fire, but also for detecting an abnormal temperature (for example, detecting a location where an abnormal temperature occurs in a plant).
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/765,407 US5811811A (en) | 1995-05-08 | 1996-05-07 | Environment monitor |
DE69625871T DE69625871T2 (de) | 1995-05-08 | 1996-05-07 | Vorrichtung zur umgebungsüberwachung |
KR1019970700045A KR970705010A (ko) | 1995-05-08 | 1996-05-07 | 환경 감시 장치 |
EP96912306A EP0769688B1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 1996-05-07 | Environment monitor apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7/109793 | 1995-05-08 | ||
JP10979395 | 1995-05-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996035930A1 true WO1996035930A1 (fr) | 1996-11-14 |
Family
ID=14519371
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1996/001208 WO1996035930A1 (fr) | 1995-05-08 | 1996-05-07 | Moniteur pour l'environnement |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5811811A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0769688B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR970705010A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69625871T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996035930A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021117193A (ja) * | 2020-01-29 | 2021-08-10 | 深田工業株式会社 | 光学監視装置 |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8303514B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2012-11-06 | Vital Accuracy Partners | Means and apparatus for rapid, accurate, non-contacting measurement of the core temperature of animals and humans |
CN101216346B (zh) * | 2008-01-11 | 2010-06-02 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | 一种分离波长快速选择的串行控制系统 |
US7626169B1 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-01 | Raytheon Company | Optical reference, and a method of using same |
US8317720B2 (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2012-11-27 | Herdx, Inc. | Core-temperature based herd management system and method |
EP2251847B1 (de) * | 2009-05-13 | 2016-02-24 | Minimax GmbH & Co KG | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Detektieren von Flammen mittels Detektoren |
CN106558181B (zh) * | 2015-09-28 | 2019-07-30 | 东莞前沿技术研究院 | 火灾监测方法和装置 |
KR102441896B1 (ko) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-09-13 | 한국광기술원 | 광 특성 측정 장치 및 방법 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63282621A (ja) * | 1987-05-14 | 1988-11-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 一次元赤外撮像装置 |
JPH0378899A (ja) * | 1989-08-23 | 1991-04-04 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | 火災検知装置 |
JPH03134525A (ja) * | 1989-10-19 | 1991-06-07 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | 赤外線撮像装置 |
JPH03188338A (ja) * | 1989-10-19 | 1991-08-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 二次元赤外線撮像装置 |
JPH04299797A (ja) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-22 | Nikko Kyodo Co Ltd | 火災検知装置 |
JPH05256698A (ja) * | 1992-03-11 | 1993-10-05 | Seikosha Co Ltd | 赤外線検出装置 |
JPH0684077A (ja) * | 1992-09-04 | 1994-03-25 | Japan Energy Corp | 火災検知方法 |
JPH06241893A (ja) * | 1993-02-23 | 1994-09-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 焦電形赤外線センサ |
JPH0739970B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-23 | 1995-05-01 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 焦電型赤外線検知装置 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2920485A (en) * | 1955-01-11 | 1960-01-12 | Servo Corp Of America | Pyrometer |
US2978589A (en) * | 1956-01-16 | 1961-04-04 | Servo Corp Of America | Optical pyrometer |
GB1308463A (en) * | 1969-03-06 | 1973-02-21 | Coackley R Reynolds M L | Radiometer apparatus |
US3926527A (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1975-12-16 | Philco Ford Corp | Rotating gas correlation cell |
US4043742A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1977-08-23 | Environmental Data Corporation | Automatic burner monitor and control for furnaces |
GB8415164D0 (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1984-07-18 | Beta Instr Co | Measuring temperature of object |
DE3423494C2 (de) * | 1984-06-26 | 1986-09-04 | Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5000 Köln | Einrichtung zur Messung der aus dem Halbraum kommenden elektromagnetischen Strahlung |
US5153563A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1992-10-06 | Nippon Mining Co., Ltd. | Fire sensing system, process for sensing fire and environment monitor |
-
1996
- 1996-05-07 KR KR1019970700045A patent/KR970705010A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1996-05-07 US US08/765,407 patent/US5811811A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-07 WO PCT/JP1996/001208 patent/WO1996035930A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1996-05-07 EP EP96912306A patent/EP0769688B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-07 DE DE69625871T patent/DE69625871T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63282621A (ja) * | 1987-05-14 | 1988-11-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 一次元赤外撮像装置 |
JPH0739970B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-23 | 1995-05-01 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 焦電型赤外線検知装置 |
JPH0378899A (ja) * | 1989-08-23 | 1991-04-04 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | 火災検知装置 |
JPH03134525A (ja) * | 1989-10-19 | 1991-06-07 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | 赤外線撮像装置 |
JPH03188338A (ja) * | 1989-10-19 | 1991-08-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 二次元赤外線撮像装置 |
JPH04299797A (ja) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-22 | Nikko Kyodo Co Ltd | 火災検知装置 |
JPH05256698A (ja) * | 1992-03-11 | 1993-10-05 | Seikosha Co Ltd | 赤外線検出装置 |
JPH0684077A (ja) * | 1992-09-04 | 1994-03-25 | Japan Energy Corp | 火災検知方法 |
JPH06241893A (ja) * | 1993-02-23 | 1994-09-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 焦電形赤外線センサ |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021117193A (ja) * | 2020-01-29 | 2021-08-10 | 深田工業株式会社 | 光学監視装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69625871D1 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
KR970705010A (ko) | 1997-09-06 |
US5811811A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
EP0769688A1 (en) | 1997-04-23 |
EP0769688B1 (en) | 2003-01-22 |
DE69625871T2 (de) | 2003-11-13 |
EP0769688A4 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
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