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WO1995019955A1 - Amides jumeles de polyether d'acides gras - Google Patents

Amides jumeles de polyether d'acides gras Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995019955A1
WO1995019955A1 PCT/US1995/000767 US9500767W WO9519955A1 WO 1995019955 A1 WO1995019955 A1 WO 1995019955A1 US 9500767 W US9500767 W US 9500767W WO 9519955 A1 WO9519955 A1 WO 9519955A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alkyl
moieties
group
branched
compositions
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/000767
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English (en)
Inventor
Jeffrey John Scheibel
Daniel Stedman Connor
Yi-Chang Fu
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO1995019955A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995019955A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/34—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
    • C07C233/35—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
    • C07C233/36—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/34—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
    • C07C233/35—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
    • C07C233/38—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a carbon atom of an acyclic unsaturated carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/526—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 are polyalkoxylated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/528—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where at least one of the chains R1, R2 or R3 is interrupted by a functional group, e.g. a -NH-, -NR-, -CO-, or -CON- group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to gemini polyether fatty acid amide compounds. This invention also relates to laundry, cleaning, fabric and personal care compositions comprising these compounds.
  • nonionic surfactants which can be prepared using mainly renewable resources, such as fatty esters and sugars.
  • One such class of surfactants includes the N-alkyl polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.
  • conventional anionic surfactants such as the alkyl sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, and the like has also been studied. Indeed, substantial success in the formulation of dishwashing compositions has recently been achieved using the N-alkyl polyhydroxy fatty acid amides. However, even these superior surfactants do suffer from some drawbacks.
  • gemini polyether fatty acid amide compounds have been found to be versatile materials useful in a variety of cleaning compositions, especially as surfactants for use therein.
  • the present invention relates to novel gemini polyether fatty acid amide compounds having the formula:
  • X is a bridging group having from about 2 to about 200 atoms
  • Z and Z 1 are the same or different moieties having one hydroxyl group or one or more ether groups, or one of Z or Z 1 is hydrogen
  • R and R' are the same or different hydrocarbyl moieties having from about 1 to about 21 carbon atoms and can be saturated, branched or unsaturated (e.g., oleoyl) and mixtures thereof.
  • compositions comprising:
  • the invention also provides a method for laundering fabrics or cleaning hard surfaces, comprising contacting said fabrics or hard surfaces with an aqueous solution containing at least about 10 ppm, preferably about 100 ppm- 10,000 ppm, of a gemini polyether fatty acid amide compound, preferably with agitation.
  • the present invention compounds are gemini polyether fatty acid amides having the formula:
  • X is a bridging group having from about 2 to about 200 atoms
  • Z and Z 1 are the same. or different moieties having one hydroxyl group or one or more ether groups (e.g., (CH2CH2 ⁇ ) x H; (CH2CH(CH 3 )O) x H; and mixtures thereof which are mixed ethoxy/propoxy moieties, where x is an integer from 1 to about 30, preferably 1 to about 20), or either one (but not both) of Z or Z' is hydrogen
  • R and R' are the same or different hydrocarbyl moieties having from about 1 to about 21 carbon atoms and can be saturated, branched or unsaturated (e.g., oleoyl) and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred X are selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted, branched or linear alkyl, ether alkyl, amino alkyl, or amido alkyl moieties having from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred alkyl moieties are unsubstituted, linear alkyl moieties having the formula -(CH2) n -, wherein n is an integer from 2 to about 15, preferably from 2 to about 10, and most preferably from 2 to about 6; and also unsubstituted, branched alkyl moieties having from 3 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, and most preferably from 3 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • ethylene and propylene (branched or linear) alkyl moieties are also preferred.
  • unsubstituted, branched or linear ether alkyl moieties having the formula -R 2 -(O-R 2 ) m -, wherein each R 2 is independently selected from C 2 -C 8 branched or linear alkyl and/or aryl moieties (preferably ethyl, propyl or combinations thereof) and m is an integer from 1 to about 5.
  • X may also be unsubstituted, branched or linear amino and/or amido alkyl moieties having the formula -R -(N(R )-R 2 ) m -, wherein each R 2 is independently selected from C2-C branched or linear alkyl and/or aryl moieties (preferably ethyl, propyl or combinations thereof), m is an integer from 1 to about 5, and R- is selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, and - C(O)R 4 -, wherein R 4 is C1-C21 alkyl, including -C(O)R.
  • the X moiety may be derived from commercially available amine compounds such as, for example, Jeffamines R (supplied by Texaco) such as JED600, JEDR148, JEDR192, JED230, JED2000, J-D230 and J-D400.
  • Jeffamines R supplied by Texaco
  • Preferred X moieties therefore include -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, - (CH 2 ) 5 -, -(CH 2 ) 6 -, -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )(CH 2 )3-, -(CH 2 )2-O-(CH 2 )2-, -(CH 2 ) 3 -O- (CH 2 ) 3 -, -(CH 2 )2-O-(CH 2 )3-, -(CH 2 )2-O-(CH2)2-O-(CH 2 )2- ) -(CH 2 )3-O-(CH 2 )2- O-(CH 2 ) 3 -, -(CH 2 )2-0-(CH2)3-O-(CH 2 )2-, -(CH 2 )2-NH-(CH 2 )2-, -(CH 2 ) 3 -NH- (CH 2 ) 3 -, -(CH 2 )2-NH-(CH 2
  • Preferred Z, and Z' are independently selected from the group consisting of [(CH )yO] x H wherein y is 2 or 3 and x is as described hereinbefore, and includes polyethoxy, polypropoxy (branched or linear), and mixed polyethoxypropoxy moieties. Synthesis methods for making polyether amine materials are known, being described for example in U.S. Patent 4,676,921, to VanderMeer, issued June 30, 1987.
  • R and R' are independently selected from the group consisting of C3- C j hydrocarbyl moiety, preferably straight or branched chain C3-C13 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain C5-C11 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C5-C9 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixtures thereof.
  • R-CO-N ⁇ and/or R'-CO-N ⁇ can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, tallowamide, etc. Examples of compounds according to the present invention therefore include, but are not limited to: CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 C(O)N[(CH 2 CH 2 O) 6 H]-(CH 2 ) 2 -
  • compositions further comprise at least about 0.1% of one or more laundry or personal care composition materials.
  • materials useful in laundry or personal care products compositions include the following.
  • Enzymes - Enzymes can be included in the formulations herein for a wide variety of fabric laundering purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains, for example, and for the prevention of refugee dye transfer, and for fabric restoration.
  • the enzymes to be incorporated include proteases, amylases, Upases, cellulases, and peroxidases, as well as mixtures thereof. Other types of enzymes may also be included. They may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. However, their choice is governed by several factors such as pH-activity and/or stability optima, ther ostability, stability versus active detergents, builders and so on. In this respect bacterial or fungal enzymes are preferred, such as bacterial amylases and proteases, and fungal cellulases. Enzymes are normally incorporated at levels sufficient to provide up to about
  • compositions herein will typically comprise from about 0.001% to about 5%, preferably 0.01%-1% by weight of a commercial enzyme preparation.
  • Protease enzymes are usually present in such commercial preparations at levels sufficient to provide from 0.005 to 0.1 Anson units (AU) of activity per gram of composition.
  • proteases are the subtilisins which are obtained from particular strains of B.subtilis and B.licheniforms. Another suitable protease is obtained from a strain of Bacillus, having maximum activity throughout the pH range of 8-12, developed and sold by Novo Industries A/S under the registered trade name ESPERASE. The preparation of this enzyme and analogous enzymes is described in British Patent Specification No. 1,243,784 of Novo.
  • protealytic enzymes suitable for removing protein-based stains that are commercially available include those sold under the tradenames ALCALASE and SAVINASE by Novo Industries A/S (Denmark) and MAXATASE by International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. (The Netherlands).
  • proteases include Protease A (see European Patent Application 130,756, published January 9, 1985) and Protease B (see European Patent Application Serial No. 87303761.8, filed April 28, 1987, and European Patent Application 130,756, Bott et al, published January 9, 1985).
  • Amylases include, for example, ⁇ -amylases described in British Patent Specification No. 1,296,839 (Novo), RAPIDASE, International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. and TERMAMYL, Novo Industries.
  • the cellulase usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5.
  • Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgoard et al, issued March 6, 1984, which discloses fungal cellulase produced from Humicola insolens and Humicola strain DSM1800 or a cellulase 212-producing fungus belonging to the genus Aeromonas, and cellulase extracted from the hepatopancreas of a marine mollusk (Dolabella Auricula Solander). Suitable cellulases are also disclosed in GB- A-2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832.
  • Suitable lipase enzymes for detergent usage include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1,372,034. See also Upases in Japanese Patent Application 53,20487, laid open to public inspection on February 24, 1978. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano,” hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P.” Other commercial Upases include Amano-CES, Upases ex Chromobacter viscosum, e.g. Chromobacter viscosum var.
  • lipolyticum NRRLB 3673 commercially available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and further Chromobacter viscosum Upases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, and Upases ex Pseudomonas gladioli.
  • the LIPOLASE enzyme derived from Humicola lanuginosa and commercially available from Novo is a preferred lipase for use herein.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g., percarbonate, perborate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. They are used for "solution bleaching," i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from substrates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash solution.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example, horseradish peroxidase, ligninase, and haloperoxidase such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase.
  • Peroxidase-containing detergent compositions are disclosed, for example, in PCT International Application WO 89/099813, published October 19, 1989, by O. Kirk, assigned to Novo Industries A/S.
  • Patent 3,600,319 issued August 17, 1971 to Gedge, et al, and European Patent Application Publication No. 0 199 405, Application No. 86200586.5, published October 29, 1986, Venegas. Enzyme stabilization systems are also described, for example, in U.S. Patent 3,519,570.
  • Enzyme Stabilizers The enzymes employed herein are stabilized by the presence of water-soluble sources of calcium and/or magnesium ions in the finished compositions which provide such ions to the enzymes.
  • Calcium ions are generally somewhat more effective than magnesium ions and are preferred herein if only one type of cation is being used.
  • Additional stability can be provided by the presence of various other art-disclosed stabilizers, especially borate species: see Severson, U.S. 4,537,706.
  • Typical detergents, especially liquids will comprise from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about 2 to about 20, more preferably from about 5 to about 15, and most preferably from about 8 to about 12, millimoles of calcium ion per liter of finished composition.
  • the level of calcium or magnesium ions should be selected so that there is always some minimum level available for the enzyme, after allowing for complexation with builders, fatty acids, etc., in the composition.
  • Any water-soluble calcium or magnesium salt can be used as the source of calcium or magnesium ions, including, but not limited to, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, calcium malate, calcium maleate, calcium hydroxide, calcium formate, and calcium acetate, and the corresponding magnesium salts.
  • a small amount of calcium ion generally from about 0.05 to about 0.4 millimoles per liter, is often also present in the composition due to calcium in the enzyme slurry and formula water.
  • the formulation may include a sufficient quantity of a water-soluble calcium ion source to provide such amounts in the laundry liquor. In the alternative, natural water hardness may suffice.
  • compositions herein will typically comprise from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of a water-soluble source of calcium or magnesium ions, or both.
  • the amount can vary, of course, with the amount and type of enzyme employed in the composition.
  • compositions herein may also optionally, but preferably, contain various additional stabilizers, especially borate-type stabilizers.
  • additional stabilizers especially borate-type stabilizers.
  • such stabilizers will be used at levels in the compositions from about 0.25% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.75% to about 3%, by weight of boric acid or other borate compound capable of forming boric acid in the composition (calculated on the basis of boric acid).
  • Boric acid is preferred, although other compounds such as boric oxide, borax and other alkali metal borates (e.g., sodium ortho-, meta- and pyroborate, and sodium pentaborate) are suitable.
  • Substituted boric acids e.g., phenylboronic acid, butane boronic acid, and p-bromo phenylboronic acid
  • bleaching agents will typically be at levels of from about 1% to about 30%, more typically from about 5% to about 20%, of the detergent composition, especially for fabric laundering. If present, the amount of bleach activators will typically be from about 0.1% to about 60%, more typically from about 0.5% to about 40% of the bleaching composition comprising the bleaching agent-plus-bleach activator.
  • the bleaching agents used herein can be any of the bleaching agents useful for detergent compositions in textile cleaning, hard surface cleaning, or other cleaning purposes that are now known or become known. These include oxygen bleaches as well as other bleaching agents.
  • Perborate bleaches e.g., sodium perborate (e.g., mono- or tetra-hydrate) can be used herein.
  • bleaching agent that can be used without restriction encompasses percarboxylic acid bleaching agents and salts thereof. Suitable examples of this class of agents include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, the magnesium salt of metachloro perbenzoic acid, 4-nonylamino-4- oxoperoxybutyric acid and diperoxydodecanedioic acid.
  • Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,483,781, Hartman, issued November 20, 1984, U.S. Patent Application 740,446, Burns et al, filed June 3, 1985, European Patent Application 0, 133,354, Banks et al, published February 20, 1985, and U.S. Patent 4,412,934. Chung et al, issued November 1, 1983.
  • Highly preferred bleaching agents also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551, issued January 6, 1987 to Burns et al.
  • Peroxygen bleaching agents can also be used. Suitable peroxygen bleaching compounds include sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate and equivalent "percarbonate” bleaches, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, and sodium peroxide. Persulfate bleach (e.g., OXONE, manufactured commercially by DuPont) can also be used.
  • a preferred percarbonate bleach comprises dry particles having an average particle size in the range from about 500 micrometers to about 1,000 micrometers, not more than about 10% by weight of said particles being smaller than about 200 micrometers and not more than about 10% by weight of said particles being larger than about 1,250 micrometers.
  • the percarbonate can be coated with silicate, borate or water-soluble surfactants.
  • Percarbonate is available from various commercial sources such as FMC, Solvay and Tokai Denka. Mixtures of bleaching agents can also be used.
  • Peroxygen bleaching agents, the perborates, the percarbonates, etc. are preferably combined with bleach activators, which lead to the in situ production in aqueous solution (i.e., during the washing process) of the peroxy acid corresponding to the bleach activator.
  • bleach activators Various nonlimiting examples of activators are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,915,854, issued April 10, 1990 to Mao et al, and U.S. Patent 4,412,934.
  • NOBS nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate
  • TAED tetraacetyl ethylene diamine
  • amido-derived bleach activators are those of the formulae: R 1 N(R 5 )C(O)R 2 C(O)L or RlC(O)N(R 5 )R 2 C(O)L wherein R* is an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R 2 is an alkylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R ⁇ is H or alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is any suitable leaving group.
  • a leaving group is any group that is displaced from the bleach ac ⁇ tivator as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the bleach activator by the perhydrolysis anion.
  • a preferred leaving group is phenyl sulfonate.
  • Preferred examples of bleach activators of the above formulae include (6- octanamido-caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, (6-nonanamido- caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, (6-decanamido-caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, and mixtures thereof as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551.
  • Another class of bleach activators comprises the benzoxazin-type activators disclosed by Hodge et al in U.S. Patent 4,966,723, issued October 30, 1990.
  • a highly preferred activator of the benzoxazin-type is:
  • Still another class of preferred bleach activators includes the acyl lactam activators, especially acyl caprolactams and acyl valerolactams of the formulae:
  • R ⁇ is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms.
  • Highly preferred lactam activators include benzoyl caprolactam, octanoyl caprolactam, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, decanoyl caprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, benzoyl valerolactam, octanoyl valerolactam, decanoyl valerolactam, undecenoyl valerolactam, nonanoyl valerolactam, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl valerolactam and mixtures thereof. See also U.S. Patent 4,545,784, issued to Sanderson, October 8, 1985, which discloses acyl caprolactams, including benzoyl caprolactam, adsorbed into sodium perborate.
  • Bleaching agents other than oxygen bleaching agents are also known in the art and can be utilized herein.
  • One type of non-oxygen bleaching agent of particular interest includes photoactivated bleaching agents such as the sulfonated zinc and/or aluminum phthalocyanines. See U.S. Patent 4,033,718, issued July 5, 1977 to Holcombe et al. If used, detergent compositions will typically contain from about 0.025%) to about 1.25%o, by weight, of such bleaches, especially sulfonate zinc phthalocyanine.
  • Builders - Detergent builders can optionally be included in the compositions herein to assist in controlling mineral hardness. Inorganic as well as organic builders can be used. Builders are typically used in fabric laundering compositions to assist in the removal of paniculate soils. The level of builder can vary widely depending upon the end use of the composition and its desired physical form. When present, the compositions will typically comprise at least about 1% builder. Liquid formulations typically comprise from about 5% to about 50%), more typically about 5% to about 30%, by weight, of detergent builder. Granular formulations typically comprise from about 10% to about 80%), more typically from about 15% to about 50% by weight, of the detergent builder. Lower or higher levels of builder, however, are not meant to be excluded.
  • Inorganic detergent builders include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates (exemplified by the tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphates), phosphonates, phytic acid, silicates, carbonates (including bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates), sulphates, and aluminosilicates.
  • polyphosphates exemplified by the tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphates
  • phosphonates phosphonates
  • phytic acid e.g., silicates
  • carbonates including bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates
  • sulphates sulphates
  • aluminosilicates aluminosilicates
  • compositions herein function surprisingly well even in the presence of the so-called “weak” builders (as compared with phosphates) such as citrate, or in the so-called “underbuilt” situation that may occur with zeolite or layered silicate builders.
  • silicate builders are the alkali metal siUcates, particularly those having a SiO 2 :Na 2 O ratio in the range 1.6: 1 to 3.2: 1 and layered silicates, such as the layered sodium silicates described in U.S. Patent 4,664,839, issued May 12, 1987 to H. P. Rieck.
  • NaSKS-6 is the trademark for a crystalline layered silicate marketed by Hoechst (commonly abbreviated herein as "SKS-6").
  • Hoechst commonly abbreviated herein as "SKS-6”
  • the Na SKS-6 silicate builder does not contain aluminum.
  • NaSKS-6 has the delta- Na 2 Si ⁇ 5 morphology form of layered silicate.
  • SKS-6 is a highly preferred layered silicate for use herein, but other such layered silicates, such as those having the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + ⁇ -yH 2 O wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, preferably 2, and y is a number from 0 to 20, preferably 0 can be used herein.
  • Various other layered silicates from Hoechst include NaSKS-5, NaSKS-7 and NaSKS-1 1, as the alpha, beta and gamma forms.
  • delta-Na 2 Si ⁇ 5 (NaSKS-6 form) is most preferred for use herein.
  • Other silicates may also be useful such as for example magnesium silicate, which can serve as a crispening agent in granular formulations, as a stabilizing agent for oxygen bleaches, and as a component of suds control systems.
  • carbonate builders are the alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates as disclosed in German Patent Application No. 2,321,001 published on November 15, 1973.
  • Aluminosilicate builders are useful in the present invention.
  • Aluminosilicate builders are of great importance in most currently marketed heavy duty granular detergent compositions, and can also be a significant builder ingredient in liquid detergent formulations.
  • Aluminosilicate builders include those having the empirical formula: M z (zAlO 2 ) y ] xH 2 O wherein z and y are integers of at least 6, the molar ratio of z to y is in the range from 1.0 to about 0.5, and x is an integer from about 15 to about 264.
  • aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are commercially available. These aluminosilicates can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturally-occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived. A method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,985,669, Krummel, et al, issued October 12, 1976. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite P (B), Zeolite MAP and Zeolite X. In an especially preferred embodiment, the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material has the formula:
  • Organic detergent builders suitable for the purposes of the present invention include, but are not restricted to, a wide variety of polycarboxylate compounds. As used herein, "polycarboxylate” refers to compounds having a plurality of carboxylate groups, preferably at least 3 carboxylates.
  • Polycarboxylate builder can generally be added to the composition in acid form, but can also be added in the form of a neutralized salt.
  • alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, or alkanolammonium salts are preferred.
  • polycarboxylate builders include a variety of categories of useful materials.
  • One important category of polycarboxylate builders encompasses the ether polycarboxylates, including oxydisuccinate, as disclosed in Berg, U.S. Patent 3,128,287, issued April 7, 1964, and Lamberti et al, U.S. Patent 3,635,830, issued January 18, 1972. See also "TMS/TDS" builders of U.S. Patent 4,663,071, issued to Bush et al, on May 5, 1987.
  • Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cyclic compounds, particularly alicyclic compounds, such as those described in U.S.
  • Other useful detergency builders include the ether hydroxypolycarboxylates, copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1, 3, 5- trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6-trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, as well as polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
  • Citrate builders e.g., citric acid and soluble salts thereof (particularly sodium salt), are polycarboxylate builders of particular importance for heavy duty liquid detergent formulations due to their availability from renewable resources and their biodegradability. Citrates can also be used in granular compositions, especially in combination with aeolite and/or layered silicate builders. Oxydisuccinates are also especially useful in such compositions and combinations.
  • succinic acid builders include the C5-C20 alkyl and alkenyl succinic acids and salts thereof.
  • a particularly preferred compound of this type is dodecenylsuccinic acid.
  • succinate builders include: laurylsuccinate, myristylsuccinate, palmitylsuccinate, 2- dodecenylsuccinate (preferred), 2-pentadecenylsuccinate, and the like.
  • Laurylsuccinates are the preferred builders of this group, and are described in European Patent Application 86200690.5/0,200,263, published November 5, 1986.
  • Other suitable polycarboxylates are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4, 144,226, Crutchfield et al, issued March 13, 1979 and in U.S. Patent 3,308,067, Diehl, issued March 7, 1967. See also Diehl U.S. Patent 3,723,322.
  • Fatty acids e.g., Ci2-C] 8 monocarboxylic acids
  • Ci2-C] 8 monocarboxylic acids can also be incorporated into the compositions alone, or in combination with the aforesaid builders, especially citrate and/or the succinate builders, to provide additional builder activity.
  • Such use of fatty acids will generally result in a diminution of sudsing, which should be taken into account by the formulator.
  • the various alkali metal phosphates such as the well-known sodium tripolyphosphates, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium orthophosphate can be used.
  • Phosphonate builders such as ethane- 1 - hydroxy-l,l-diphosphonate and other known phosphonates (see, for example, U.S. Patents 3,159,581; 3,213,030; 3,422,021; 3,400, 148 and 3,422, 137) can also be used.
  • Polymeric Soil Release Agent Any polymeric soil release agent known to those skilled in the art can optionally be employed in the compositions and processes of this invention.
  • Polymeric soil release agents are characterized by having both hydrophilic segments, to hydrophilize the surface of hydrophobic fibers, such as polyester and nylon, and hydrophobic segments, to deposit upon hydrophobic fibers and remain adhered thereto through completion of washing and rinsing cycles and, thus, serve as an anchor for the hydrophilic segments. This can enable stains occurring subsequent to treatment with the soil release agent to be more easily cleaned in later washing procedures.
  • the polymeric soil release agents useful herein especially include those soil release agents having: (a) one or more nonionic hydrophile components consisting essentially of (i) polyoxyethylene segments with a degree of polymerization of at least 2, or (ii) oxypropylene or polyoxypropylene segments with a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 10, wherein said hydrophile segment does not encompass any oxypropylene unit unless it is bonded to adjacent moieties at each end by ether linkages, or (iii) a mixture of oxyalkylene units comprising oxyethylene and from 1 to about 30 oxypropylene units wherein said mixture contains a sufficient amount of oxyethylene units such that the hydrophile component has hydrophilicity great enough to increase the hydrophilicity of conventional polyester synthetic fiber surfaces upon deposit of the soil release agent on such surface, said hydrophile segments preferably comprising at least about 25% oxyethylene units and more preferably, especially for such components having about 20 to 30 oxypropylene units, at least about 50% oxyethylene units; or
  • the polyoxyethylene segments of (a)(i) will have a degree of polymerization of from about 200, although higher levels can be used, preferably from 3 to about 150, more preferably from 6 to about 100.
  • Suitable oxy C 4 -Cg alkylene hydrophobe segments include, but are not limited to, end-caps of polymeric soil release agents such as MO3S(CH2) n OCH2CH2O-, where M is sodium and n is an integer from 4-6, as disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,721,580, issued January 26, 1988 to Gosselink.
  • Polymeric soil release agents useful in the present invention also include cellulosic derivatives such as hydroxyether cellulosic polymers, copolymeric blocks of ethylene terephthalate or propylene terephthalate with polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide terephthalate, and the like. Such agents are commercially available and include hydroxyethers of cellulose such as METHOCEL (Dow). Cellulosic soil release agents for use herein also include those selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl and C 4 hydroxyalkyl cellulose; see U.S. Patent 4,000,093, issued December 28, 1976 to Nicol, et al.
  • Soil release agents characterized by poly(vinyl ester) hydrophobe segments include graft copolymers of poly( vinyl ester), e.g., Cj-C ⁇ vinyl esters, preferably poly(vinyl acetate) grafted onto polyalkylene oxide backbones, such as polyethylene oxide backbones.
  • poly(vinyl ester) e.g., Cj-C ⁇ vinyl esters
  • poly(vinyl acetate) grafted onto polyalkylene oxide backbones such as polyethylene oxide backbones.
  • Commercially available soil release agents of this kind include the SOKALAN type of material, e.g., SOKALAN HP-22, available from BASF (West Germany).
  • One type of preferred soil release agent is a copolymer having random blocks of ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide (PEO) terephthalate.
  • the molecular weight of this polymeric soil release agent is in the range of from about 25,000 to about 55,000. See U.S. Patent 3,959,230 to Hays, issued May 25, 1976 and U.S. Patent 3,893,929 to Basadur issued July 8, 1975.
  • Another preferred polymeric soil release agent is a polyester with repeat units of ethylene terephthalate units containins 10-15% by weight of ethylene terephthalate units together with 90-80% by weight of polyoxyethylene terephthalate units, derived from a polyoxyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 300-5,000.
  • Examples of this polymer include the commercially available material ZELCON 5126 (from Dupont) and MILEASE T (from ICI). See also U.S. Patent 4,702,857, issued October 27, 1987 to Gosselink.
  • Another preferred polymeric soil release agent is a sulfonated product of a substantially linear ester oligomer comprised of an oligomeric ester backbone of terephthaloyl and oxy alkyl eneoxy repeat units and terminal moieties covalently attached to the backbone.
  • These soil release agents are described fully in U.S. Patent 4,968,451, issued November 6, 1990 to J.J. Scheibel and E.P. Gosselink.
  • Other suitable polymeric soil release agents include the terephthalate polyesters of U.S. Patent 4,71 1,730, issued December 8, 1987 to Gosselink et al, the anionic end- capped oligomeric esters of U.S. Patent 4,721,580, issued January 26, 1988 to Gosselink, and the block polyester oligomeric compounds of U.S. Patent 4,702,857, issued October 27, 1987 to Gosselink.
  • Preferred polymeric soil release agents also include the soil release agents of
  • soil release agents will generally comprise from about 0.01% to about 10.0%), by weight, of the detergent compositions herein, typically from about 0.1% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 3.0%.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain one or more iron and/or manganese chelating agents.
  • chelating agents can be selected from the group consisting of amino carboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents and mixtures therein, all as hereinafter defined. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the benefit of these materials is due in part to their exceptional ability to remove iron and manganese ions from washing solutions by formation of soluble chelates.
  • Amino carboxylates useful as optional chelating agents include ethylenedia- minetetracetates, N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetates, nitrilotriacetates, ethyl ⁇ enediamine tetraproprionates, triethylenetetraaminehexacetates, diethylenetriamine- pentaacetates, and ethanoldiglycines, alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted am ⁇ monium salts therein and mixtures therein.
  • Amino phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions of the invention when at lease low levels of total phosphorus are permitted in detergent compositions, and include ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephosphonates) as DEQUEST. Preferred, these amino phosphonates to not contain alkyl or alkenyl groups with more than about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the compositions herein. See U.S. Patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to Connor et al.
  • Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobenzenes such as l,2-dihydroxy-3,5-disulfobenzene.
  • EDDS ethylenediamine disuccinate
  • [S,S] isomer as described in U.S. Patent 4,704,233, November 3, 1987, to Hartman and Perkins.
  • these chelating agents will generally comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%) by weight of the detergent compositions herein. More preferably, if utilized, the chelating agents will comprise from about 0.1% to about 3.0% by weight of such compositions.
  • compositions of the present invention can also optionally contain water-soluble ethoxylated amines having clay soil removal and antiredeposition properties.
  • Granular detergent compositions which contain these compounds typically contain from about 0.01% to about 10.0%) by weight of the water-soluble ethoxylates amines; liquid detergent compositions typically contain about 0.01% to about 5%.
  • the most preferred soil release and anti-redeposition agent is ethoxylated tetraethylenepentamine.
  • Exemplary ethoxylated amines are further described in U.S. Patent 4,597,898, VanderMeer, issued July 1, 1986.
  • Another group of preferred clay soil removal-antiredeposition agents are the cationic compounds disclosed in European Patent Application 111,965, Oh and Gosselink, published June 27, 1984.
  • Other clay soil removal antiredeposition agents which can be used include the ethoxylated amine polymers disclosed in European Patent Application 111,984, Gosslink, published June 27, 1984; the zwitterionic polymers disclosed in European Patent Application 112,592, Gosselink, published July 4, 1984; and the amine oxides disclosed in U.S.
  • CMC carboxy methyl cellulose
  • Polymeric dispersing agents can advantageously be utilized at levels from about 0.1% to about 7%, by weight, in the compositions herein, especially in the presence of zeolite and/or layered silicate builders.
  • Suitable polymeric dispersing agents include polymeric polycarboxylates and polyethylene glycols, although others known in the art can also be used. It is believed, though it is not intended to be limited by theory, that polymeric dispersing agents enhance overall detergent builder performance, when used in combination with other builders (including lower molecular weight polycarboxylates) by crustal growth inhibition, paniculate soil release peptization, and anti-redeposition.
  • Polymeric polycarboxylate materials can be prepared by polymerizing or copolymerizing suitable unsaturated monomers, preferably in their acid form.
  • Unsaturated monomeric acids that can be polymerized to form suitable polymeric polycarboxylates include acrylic acid, maleic acid (or maleic anhydride), fumaric acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid and methylenemalonic acid.
  • the presence in the polymeric polycarboxylates herein or monomeric segments, containing no carboxylate radicals such as finylmethyl ether, styrene, ethylene, etc. is suitable provided that such segments do not constitute more than about 40% by weight.
  • Particularly suitable polymeric polycarboxylates can be derived from acrylic acid.
  • acrylic acid-based polymers which are useful herein are the water-soluble salts of polymerized acrylic acid.
  • the average molecular weight of such polymers in the acid form preferably ranges from about 2,000 to 10,000, more preferably from about 4,000 to 7,000 and most preferably from about 4,000 to 5,000.
  • Water-soluble salts of such acrylic acid polymers can include, for example, the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts. Soluble polymers of this type are known materials. Use of polyacrylates of this type in detergent compositions has been disclosed, for example, in Diehl, U.S. Patent 3,308,067, issued march 7, 1967.
  • Acrylic/maleic-based copolymers may also be used as a preferred component of the dispersing/anti-redeposition agent.
  • Such materials include the water-soluble salts of copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid.
  • the average molecular weight of such copolymers in the acid form preferably ranges from about 2,000 to 100,000, more preferably from about 5,000 to 75,000, most preferably from about 7,000 to 65,000.
  • the ratio of acrylate to maleate segments in such copolymers will generally range from about 30: 1 to about 1 : 1, more preferably from about 10: 1 to 2: 1.
  • Water- soluble salts of such acrylic acid/maleic acid copolymers can include, for example, the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts. Soluble acrylate/maleate copolymers of this type are known materials which are described in European Patent Application No. 66915, published December 15, 1982.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • PEG can exhibit dispersing agent performance as well as act as a clay soil removal-antiredeposition agent.
  • Typical molecular weight ranges for these purposes range from about 500 to about 100,000, preferably from about 1,000 to about 50,000, more preferably from about 1,500 to about 10,000.
  • Polyaspartate and polyglutamate dispersing agents may also be used, especially in conjunction with zeolite builders.
  • Dispersing agents such as polyaspartate preferably have a molecular weight (avg.) of about 10,000.
  • Brightener Any optical brighteners or other brightening or whitening agents known in the art can be incorporated at levels typically from about 0.05% to about 1.2%), by weight, into the detergent compositions herein.
  • Commercial optical brighteners which may be useful in the present invention can be classified into subgroups, which include, but are not necessarily limited to, derivatives of stilbene, pyrazoline, coumarin, carboxylic acid, methinecyanines, dibenzothiphene-5,5-dioxide, azoles, 5- and 6-membered-ring heterocycles, and other miscellaneous agents. Examples of such brighteners are disclosed in "The Production and Application of Fluorescent Brightening Agents", M.
  • optical brighteners which are useful in the present compositions are those identified in U.S. Patent 4,790,856, issued to Wixon on December 13, 1988. These brighteners include the PHOR WHITE series of brighteners from Verona.
  • Tinopal UNPA Tinopal CBS and Tinopal 5BM
  • Ciba-Geigy available from Ciba-Geigy
  • Artie White CC and Artie White CWD available from Hilton-Davis, located in Italy
  • 2- (4-stryl-phenyl)-2H-napthol[l,2-d]triazoles 4,4'-bis- (l,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-stil- benes
  • 4,4'-bis(stryl)bisphenyls and the aminocoumarins.
  • these brighteners include 4-methyl-7-diethyl- amino coumarin; l,2-bis(-venzimidazol-2- yl)ethylene; 1,3-diphenyl-phrazolines; 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene; 2-stryl- napth-[l,2-d]oxazole; and 2-(stilbene-4-yl)-2H-naphtho- [l,2-d]triazole. See also U.S. Patent 3,646,015, issued February 29, 1972 to Hamilton. Anionic brighteners are preferred herein.
  • suds suppressors are well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, Volume 7, pages 430- 447 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1979).
  • One category of suds suppressor of particular interest encompasses monocarboxylic fatty acids and soluble salts therein. See U.S. Patent 2,954,347, issued September 27, 1960 to Wayne St. John.
  • the monocarboxylic fatty acids and salts thereof used as suds suppressor typically have hydrocarbyl chains of 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable salts include the alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium, and lithium salts, and ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also contain non-surfactant suds suppressors.
  • non-surfactant suds suppressors include, for example: high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as paraffin, fatty acid esters (e.g., fatty acid triglycerides), fatty acid esters of monovalent alcohols, aliphatic C ⁇ 8 -C 4 o ketones (e.g., stearone), etc.
  • suds inhibitors include N-alkylated amino triazines such as tri- to hexa-alkylmelamines or di- to tetra-alkyldiamine chlortriazines formed as products of cyanuric chloride with two or three moles of a primary or secondary amine containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, propylene oxide, and monostearyl phosphates such as monostearyl alcohol phosphate ester and monostearyl di-alkali metal (e.g., K, Na, and Li) phosphates and phosphate esters.
  • the hydrocarbons such as paraffin and haloparaffin can be utilized in liquid form.
  • the liquid hydrocarbons will be liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and will have a pour point in the range of about -40°C and about 50°C, and a minimum boiling point not less than about 1 10°C (atmospheric pressure). It is also known to utilize waxy hydrocarbons, preferably having a melting point below about 100°C.
  • the hydrocarbons constitute a preferred category of suds suppressor for detergent compositions. Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,265,779, issued May 5, 1981 to Gandolfo et al.
  • the hydrocarbons thus, include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons having from about 12 to about 70 carbon atoms.
  • paraffin as used in this suds suppressor discussion, is intended to include mixtures of true paraffins and cyclic hydrocarbons.
  • Another preferred category of non-surfactant suds suppressors comprises silicone suds suppressors. This category includes the use of polyorganosiloxane oils, such as polydimethylsiloxane, dispersions or emulsions of polyorganosiloxane oils or resins, and combinations of polyorganosiloxane with silica particles wherein the polyorganosiloxane is chemisorbed or fused onto the silica. Silicone suds suppressors are well known in the art and are, for example, disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,265,779, issued May 5, 1981 to Gandolfo et al and European Patent Application No. 89307851.9, published February 7, 1990, by Starch, M. S.
  • silicone and silanated silica are described, for instance, in German Patent Application DOS 2, 124,526.
  • Silicone defoamers and suds controlling agents in granular detergent compositions are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,933,672, Bartolotta et al, and in U.S. Patent 4,652,392, Baginski et al, issued March 24, 1987.
  • An exemplary silicone based suds suppressor for use herein is a suds suppressing amount of a suds controlling agent consisting essentially of:
  • polydimethylsiloxane fluid having a viscosity of from about 20 cs. to about 1,500 cs. at 25°C; (ii) from about 5 to about 50 parts per 100 parts by weight of (i) of siloxane resin composed of (CH3)3SiO ⁇ /2 units of Si ⁇ 2 units in a ratio of from
  • the solvent for a continuous phase is made up of certain polyethylene glycols or polyethylene- polypropylene glycol copolymers or mixtures thereof (preferred), and not polypropylene glycol.
  • the primary silicone suds suppressor is branched/crosslinked and not linear.
  • typical liquid laundry detergent compositions with controlled suds will optionally comprise from about 0.001 to about 1, preferably from about 0.01 to about 0.7, most preferably from about 0.05 to about 0.5, weight % of said silicone suds suppressor, which comprises (1) a nonaqueous emulsion of a primary antifoam agent which is a mixture of (a) a polyorganosiloxane, (b) a resinous siloxane or a silicone resin-producing silicone compound, (c) a finely divided filler material, and (d) a catalyst to promote the reaction of mixture components (a), (b) and (c), to form silanolates; (2) at least one nonionic silicone surfactant; and (3) polyethylene glycol or a copolymer of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol having a solubility in water at room temperature of more than about 2 weight %; and without polypropylene glycol.
  • a primary antifoam agent which is a mixture of (a) a polyorganosi
  • the silicone suds suppressor herein preferably comprises polyethylene glycol and a copolymer of polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol, all having an average molecular weight of less than about 1,000, preferably between about 100 and 800.
  • the polyethylene glycol and polyethylene/polypropylene copolymers herein have a solubility in water at room temperature of more than about 2 weight %, preferably more than about 5 weight %.
  • the preferred solvent herein is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of less than about 1,000, more preferably between about 100 and 800, most preferably between 200 and 400, and a copolymer of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol, preferably PPG 200/PEG 300.
  • Preferred is a weight ratio of between about 1 : 1 and 1 : 10, most preferably between 1 :3 and 1 :6, of polyethylene glycol: copolymer of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol.
  • the preferred silicone suds suppressors used herein do not contain polypropylene glycol, particularly of 4,000 molecular weight. They also preferably do not contain block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, like PLURONIC L101.
  • Other suds suppressors useful herein comprise the secondary alcohols (e.g., 2-alkyl alkanols) and mixtures of such alcohols with silicone oils, such as the silicones disclosed in U.S. 4,798,679, 4,075, 118 and EP 150,872
  • the secondary alcohols include the Cg-Cjg alkyl alcohols having a Cj-Cjg chain.
  • a preferred alcohol is 2- butyl octanol, which is available from Condea under the trademark ISOFOL 12
  • Mixtures of secondary alcohols are available under the trademark ISALCHEM 123 from Enichem.
  • Mixed suds suppressors typically comprise mixtures of alcohol + silicone at a weight ratio of 1 :5 to 5: 1.
  • suds should not form to the extent that they overflow the washing machine.
  • Suds suppressors when utilized, are preferably present in a "suds suppressing amount.
  • Suds suppressing amount is meant that the formulator of the composition can select an amount of this suds controlling agent that will sufficiently control the suds to result in a low-sudsing laundry detergent for use in automatic laundry washing machines.
  • compositions herein will generally comprise from 0% to about 5% of suds suppressor.
  • monocarboxylic fatty acids, and salts therein will be present typically in amounts up to about 5%, by weight, of the detergent composition.
  • from about 0.5% ⁇ to about 3% of fatty monocarboxylate suds suppressor is utilized.
  • Silicone suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts up to about 2.0%), by weight, of the detergent composition, although higher amounts may be used. This upper limit is practical in nature, due primarily to concern with keeping costs minimized and effectiveness of lower amounts for effectively controlling sudsing.
  • from about 0.01% to about 1%) of silicone suds suppressor is used, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 0.5%).
  • these weight percentage values include any silica that may be utilized in combination with polyorganosiloxane, as well as any adjunct materials that may be utilized.
  • Monostearyl phosphate suds suppressors are generally utilized in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 2%, by weight, of the composition
  • Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts ranging from about 0.01%) to about 5.0%), although higher levels can be used.
  • the alcohol suds suppressors are typically used at 0.2%-3% by weight of the finished compositions.
  • the conventional nonionic and amphoteric surfactants such as the C ⁇ 2 -C j 8 alkyl ethoxylates ("AE") including the so-called narrow peaked alkyl ethoxylates and Cg-C ⁇ 2 alkyl phenol alkoxylates (especially ethoxylates and mixed ethoxy/propoxy), Cj 2 -C ⁇ 8 betaines and sulfobetaines ("sultaines”), C JQ-CI S amine oxides, and the like, can also be included in the overall compositions.
  • the C JQ-C I S N-alkyl polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can also be used. Typical examples include the C j 2 -C ⁇ N-methylglucamides.
  • N-propyl through N-hexyl C j2 -C ] 8 glucamides can be used for low sudsing.
  • C ⁇ o _ C 2 o conventional soaps may also be used. If high sudsing is desired, the branched-chain C10-C16 soaps may be used. Mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants are especially useful. Other conventional useful surfactants are listed in standard texts.
  • compositions may also comprise oleoyl sarcosinate, in its acid and/or salt form selected as desired for the compositions and uses herein, having the following formula:
  • M is hydrogen or a cationic moiety.
  • M are hydrogen and alkali metal salts, especially sodium and potassium.
  • Oleoyl sarcosinate is commercially available, for example as Hamposyl O supplied by W. R. Grace & Co.
  • Compositions according to the present invention can typically comprise from about 0.1% to about 55%), preferably from about 1% to about 20%, and most preferably from about 3% to about 15%, of oleoyl sarcosinate by weight of the composition.
  • oleoyl sarcosinate useful herein can also preferably be prepared from the ester (preferably the methyl ester) of oleic acid and a sarcosine salt (preferably the sodium salt) under anhydrous reaction conditions in the presence of a base catalyst with a basicity equal to or greater than alkoxide catalyst (preferably sodium methoxide).
  • a base catalyst with a basicity equal to or greater than alkoxide catalyst preferably sodium methoxide
  • This salt may optionally be neutralized to form the oleoyl sarcosinate in its acid form.
  • the preferred method for preparing oleoyl sarcosinate is conducted at a temperature from about 80°C to about 200°C, especially from about 120°C to about 200°C. It is preferred to conduct the reaction without solvent although alcohol solvents which have a boiling point of at least 100°C and are stable to the reaction conditions (ie. glycerol is not acceptable) can be used.
  • the reaction may proceed in about 85% yield with a molar ratio of methyl ester reactant to sarcosine salt reactant to basic catalyst of about 1 :1 :0.05-0.2.
  • Methyl ester mixtures derived from high oleic content natural oils are especially preferred as starting materials.
  • examples include high-oleic sunflower and rapeseed/canola oil.
  • a high- oleic methyl ester fraction derived from either palm kernel oil or tallow is acceptable. It is to be understood that such oils typically will contain some levels of impurities, including some fatty acid impurities that may be converted to sarcosinate compounds by this synthesis method.
  • commodity canola/rapeseed oil may comprise a majority of oleic acid, and a mixture of fatty acid impurities such as palmitic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic and/or eicosenoic acid, some or all of which are converted to the sarcosinate by this reaction method. If desired for formulation purposes, some or all of such impurity materials may be excluded from the starting oil before preparing the oleoyl sarcosinate to be used in the present compositions.
  • sarcosine remaining in the reaction mixture can be converted to an amide by addition of maleic or acetic anhydride to the mixture, thereby minimizing the sarcosine content and any potential for formation of undesired nitrogen- containing impurities.
  • oleoyl sarcosinate The synthesis of oleoyl sarcosinate may be carried out as follows to prepare the sodium oleoyl sarcosinate.
  • reaction mixture is heated to 170°C for 1 hr to drive off any water.
  • the reaction is initiated by the addition of sodium methoxide 25% in methanol (15.4 g, 0.0714 mol). Reaction is kept at 170°C for 2.5 hr during which methanol is collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The reaction is allowed to cool slightly and then methanol (200 g) is added. Maleic anhydride (9.43 g, 0.095 mol) is added to the methanol solution and the reaction is stirred at 60°C for 0.5 hr. Then most of the methanol is removed by rotary evaporation and acetone (2 L) is added to precipitate the product.
  • the product is collected by suction filtration and allowed to air dry to give an off-white solid. Analysis of the reaction mixture by GC indicates the majority of the product is oleoyl sarcosinate, with minor amounts of the following impurities: sarcosine, oleic acid, and the sarcosinates derived from palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linoleic acid.
  • compositions of the present invention can also optionally include one or more materials effective for inhibiting the transfer of dyes from one fabric to another during the cleaning process.
  • dye transfer inhibiting agents include polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, peroxidases, and mixtures thereof. If used, these agents typically comprise from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.01% to about 5%, and more preferably from about 0.05% to about 2%.
  • Preferred polyamine N-oxides are those wherein R is a heterocyclic group such as pyridine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrrolidine, piperidine and derivatives thereof.
  • the N-O group can be represented by the following general structures: O O
  • the amine oxide unit of the polyamine N-oxides has a pKa ⁇ 10, preferably pKa ⁇ 7, more preferred pKa ⁇ 6.
  • Any polymer backbone can be used as long as the amine oxide polymer formed is water-soluble and has dye transfer inhibiting properties.
  • suitable polymeric backbones are polyvinyls, polyalkylenes, polyesters, polyethers, polyamide, polyimides, polyacrylates and mixtures thereof. These polymers include random or block copolymers where one monomer type is an amine N-oxide and the other monomer type is an N-oxide.
  • the amine N-oxide polymers typically have a ratio of amine to the amine N-oxide of 10: 1 to 1 : 1,000,000.
  • the number of amine oxide groups present in the polyamine oxide polymer can be varied by appropriate copolymerization or by an appropriate degree of N-oxidation.
  • the polyamine oxides can be obtained in almost any degree of polymerization. Typically, the average molecular weight is within the range of 500 to 1,000,000; more preferred 1,000 to 500,000; most preferred 5,000 to 100,000.
  • PVPI N-vinylpyrolidone and N-vinylimidazole polymers
  • the PVPI has an average molecular weight range from 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably from 5,000 to 200,000, and most preferably from 10,000 to 20,000. (The average molecular weight range is determined by light scattering as described in Barth, et al., Chemical Analysis. Vol 113.
  • the PVPI copolymers typically have a molar ratio of N-vinylimidazole to N-vinylpyrrolidone from 1 : 1 to 0.2: 1, more preferably from 0.8:1 to 0.3: 1, most preferably from 0.6: 1 to 0.4: 1. These copolymers can be either linear or branched.
  • compositions may also contain a polyvinylpyrrolidone ("PVP") having an average molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 400,000, preferably from about 5,000 to about 200,000, and more preferably from about 5,000 to about 50,000.
  • PVP's are known to persons skilled in the detergent field; see, for example, EP-A-262,897 and EP-A-256,696, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Compositions containing PVP can also contain polyethylene glycol (“PEG”) having an average molecular weight from about 500 to about 100,000, preferably from about 1,000 to about 10,000.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the ratio of PEG to PVP on a ppm basis delivered in wash solutions is from about 2:1 to about 50: 1, and more preferably from about 3: 1 to about 10: 1.
  • compositions herein A wide variety of other ingredients useful in detergent compositions can be included in the compositions herein, including other active ingredients, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, dyes or pigments, perfumes, solvents for liquid formulations, solid fillers for bar compositions, etc.
  • suds boosters such as the Cjo-Ci ⁇ alkanolamides can be incorporated into the compositions, typically at 1%-10% levels.
  • the C JO-C I 4 monoethanol and diethanol amides illustrate a typical class of such suds boosters.
  • Use of such suds boosters with high sudsing adjunct surfactants such as the amine oxides, betaines and sultaines noted above is also advantageous.
  • soluble magnesium salts such as MgCl 2 , MgSO 4 , and the like, can be added at levels of, typically, 0.1%-2%, to provide additional suds and to enhance grease removal performance.
  • detersive ingredients employed in the present compositions optionally can be further stabilized by absorbing said ingredients onto a porous hydrophobic substrate, then coating said substrate with a hydrophobic coating.
  • the detersive ingredient is admixed with a surfactant before being absorbed into the porous substrate.
  • the detersive ingredient is released from the substrate into the aqueous washing liquor, where it performs its intended detersive function.
  • a porous hydrophobic silica (trademark SIPERNAT D10, DeGussa) is admixed with a proteolytic enzyme solution containing 3%-5% of C13.15 ethoxylated alcohol (EO 7) nonionic surfactant.
  • EO 7 ethoxylated alcohol
  • the enzyme/surfactant solution is 2.5 X the weight of silica.
  • the resulting powder is dispersed with stirring in silicone oil (various silicone oil viscosities in the range of 500-12,500 can be used).
  • silicone oil various silicone oil viscosities in the range of 500-12,500 can be used.
  • the resulting silicone oil dispersion is emulsified or otherwise added to the final detergent matrix.
  • ingredients such as the aforementioned enzymes, bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, photoactivators, dyes, fluorescers, fabric conditioners and hydrolyzable surfactants can be "protected” for use in detergents, including liquid laundry detergent compositions.
  • Liquid detergent compositions can contain water and other solvents as carriers. Low molecular weight primary or secondary alcohols exemplified by methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol are suitable.
  • Monohydric alcohols are preferred for solubilizing surfactant, but polyols such as those containing from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and from 2 to about 6 hydroxy groups (e.g., 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, glycerine, and 1,2-propanediol) can also be used.
  • the compositions may contain from 5% to 90%, typically 10% to 50% ⁇ of such carriers.
  • the detergent compositions herein will preferably be formulated such that, during use in aqueous cleaning operations, the wash water will have a pH of between about 6.5 and about 11, preferably between about 7.5 and 10.5.
  • Liquid dishwashing product formulations preferably have a pH between about 6.8 and about 9.0.
  • Laundry products are typically at pH 9-1 1. Techniques for controlling pH at recommended usage levels include the use of buffers, alkalis, acids, etc., and are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • IFT interfacial tension
  • ACS Symposium Series No. 8 (1975) ADSORPTION AT INTERFACES beginning at page 234.
  • Equipment for running IFT measurements is currently available from W. H. Wade, Depts. of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712.
  • low interfacial tension herein is meant an IFT which is sufficiently low that "spontaneous emulsification", i.e., rapid emulsification with little or no mechanical agitation, can occur. IFT's of about 0.15 dynes/cm, and below, even as low as 0.06 dynes/cm, can easily be secured by the present compositions at usage levels of 50-20,000 ppm.
  • compositions herein can be simply, but convincingly, demonstrated by admixing a detergent composition in accordance with the invention with water. After dissolution of the detergent, a few drops of oil to which a colored oil-soluble dye has been added are added to the detergent solution. With minimal agitation, the entire system appears to take on the color of the dye, due to the dyed oil having been finely dispersed by the spontaneous emulsification effect. This dispersion remains for a considerable length of time, typically 30 minutes to several hours, even when agitation has stopped.
  • a consumer relevant test soil is dyed with 0.5% Oil Red EGN.
  • a 100 ml sample of the detergent composition being tested is prepared at the desired concentration (typically, about 500 ppm) and temperature in water which is "pre- hardened” to any desired concentration of calcium ions (typically, about 48 ppm), and contained in an 8 oz. capped jar.
  • the sample pH is adjusted to the intended end- use pH (typically in the range of 6.5 to 10) and 0.2 g of the test soil is added.
  • the jar is shaken 4 times and the sample graded. Alternatively, the sample is placed in a beaker and stirred with a stir bar for 15 seconds.
  • Examples II - V Liquid compositions which are especially suitable for "light-duty" use, such as for dishwashing, are prepared having the following ingredients.
  • a granular detergent composition comprising a non-phosphorus builder system is as follows:
  • Example VII The composition of Example VI is modified by replacing the sodium percarbonate with an equivalent amount of sodium perborate. In an alternate mode, all or part of the TAED bleach activator can be replaced by NOBS bleach activator.
  • EXAMPLE VIII A granular detergent composition with fabric softening properties comprising a mixed, non-phosphorus builder system is as follows:
  • the Zeolite A may be replaced by an equivalent amount of SKS-6.
  • the alkyl sulfate can be replaced by a Cu_i4 alkyl benzene sulfonate surfactant and/or by oleoyl sarcosinate surfactant.
  • a granular composition comprises the following ingredients.
  • Example X The composition of Example X is modified by reducing the Gemini polyether to 17% of the composition and adding 2%> by weight of coconutalkyl ethoxylate (1-
  • a detergent bar is prepared by compacting and extruding a composition generally according to Example X.
  • the zeolite/citrate builder may be replaced by a. phosphate builder such as sodium tripolyphosphate.
  • Base Granule The remaining dry ingredients are admixed in granular or powder form with the Base Granule in a rotary mixing drum, and the liquid ingredients (nonionic surfactant and perfume) are sprayed on.
  • Admix Zeolite A ( 1 - 10 micron) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
  • Miscellaneous filler salts, brightener, enzyme, buffer, zeolite or other builder, etc. 17.2 17.2 16.5
  • compositions of this example may be modified to form a bleach- containing composition by adding sodium percarbonate (in an amount to provide 12 weight percent) and TAED bleach activator (in an amount to provide 4 weight percent). Also, the TAED may be replaced by NOBS bleach activator.
  • Example XIV The composition of Example XIII(A) is modified by the addition of 0.2% (based on final product) C AREZYME (cellulase) in the admix.
  • C AREZYME cellulase
  • a 1: 1 : 1 mixture of LIPOLASE (lipase), cellulase and protease at a total weight % of product of 0.9%) can be added via the admix.
  • Example XV The composition of Example XIII(B) is modified by the addition of 10% sodium percarbonate (100-500 micron) or sodium perborate monohydrate and 1% tetraacetylethylenediamine or 1% nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (based on final product) via the admix to provide a bleaching function.
  • a liquid laundry detergent composition herein comprises the foil
  • Oleoyl sarcosinate Na 15.0
  • Highly concentrated liquid laundry detergents are as follows.
  • Oleoyl sarcosinate Na* 15.0

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Abstract

Composés d'amides jumelés de polyéther d'acides gras de formule (I) et compositions de lavage, nettoyage et pour soins du linge et du corps dans laquelle X est un groupe ponté présentant de 2 à 200 atomes; Z et Z' sont des fractions identiques ou différentes ayant un groupe hydroxyle, ou un ou plusieurs groupes éther, ou dans laquelle Z ou Z' est hydrogène et R et R' sont des fractions identiques ou différentes présentant de 1 à 21 atomes de carbone, et pouvant être saturées, et leurs mélanges.
PCT/US1995/000767 1994-01-25 1995-01-20 Amides jumeles de polyether d'acides gras WO1995019955A1 (fr)

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US18724894A 1994-01-25 1994-01-25
US08/187,248 1994-01-25
US34255694A 1994-11-21 1994-11-21
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DE19622612C1 (de) * 1996-06-05 1997-10-23 Henkel Kgaa Gemini-Tenside
WO1997040124A1 (fr) * 1996-04-23 1997-10-30 RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Utilisation de tensioactifs anioniques jumeles dans des formulations pour detergents, nettoyants et agents de soins corporels
WO1998015345A1 (fr) * 1996-10-04 1998-04-16 Rhodia Inc. Compositions detergentes contenant des niveaux de concentration faibles de tensioactifs jumeles
WO1998020853A1 (fr) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-22 RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Utilisation de tensioactifs gemines anioniques dans des formulations pour agents de lavage, de nettoyage et de soins corporels
US5811384A (en) * 1997-11-26 1998-09-22 Rhodia Inc. Nonionic gemini surfactants
WO1998045308A1 (fr) * 1997-04-09 1998-10-15 Rhodia Inc. Tensio-actifs jumeles non ioniques pourvus de groupes sucre hydrophiles
US5863886A (en) * 1997-09-03 1999-01-26 Rhodia Inc. Nonionic gemini surfactants having multiple hydrophobic and hydrophilic sugar groups
WO1999029712A1 (fr) * 1997-12-09 1999-06-17 Smithkline Beecham Plc Composes doubles a base de peptides
WO1999054548A1 (fr) * 1998-04-22 1999-10-28 Hercules Incorporated Dispersions de collage de papier
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US6875734B2 (en) 2003-02-03 2005-04-05 Clariant Gmbh Use of transition metal complexes as bleach catalysts
US7446086B2 (en) 2003-08-19 2008-11-04 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Agents that are absorbed on the surfaces of substrates
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US7504372B2 (en) 2004-09-08 2009-03-17 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh Mixtures of bleaching agents
US7541324B2 (en) 2004-09-08 2009-06-02 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh Bleach activator mixtures
US7601678B2 (en) 2001-02-07 2009-10-13 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Washing and cleaning agents comprising fine microparticles with cleaning agent components
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WO1996014926A1 (fr) * 1994-11-11 1996-05-23 HÜLS Aktiengesellschaft Composes amphiphiles comportant au moins deux groupes hydrophiles et au moins deux groupes hydrophobes a base d'amides
US6342625B1 (en) 1994-11-11 2002-01-29 Rwe-Dea Aktiengesellschaft Fuer Mineraloel Und Chemie Amphiphilic compounds with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups based on amides
AU689649B2 (en) * 1994-11-11 1998-04-02 Sasol Germany Gmbh Amphiphilic compounds with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups based on amides
US6034271A (en) * 1996-03-02 2000-03-07 Huels Aktiengesellschaft Betaine gemini surfactants made from amines
CN1093877C (zh) * 1996-04-23 2002-11-06 Rwe-Dea石油化学股份有限公司 阴离子双连表面活性剂在洗涤剂、清洗剂和护肤剂配方中的应用
JP2000508696A (ja) * 1996-04-23 2000-07-11 エルヴェーエー―デーエーアー アクチエンゲゼルシャフト フュア ミネラルエール ウント ヒェミー 洗浄剤、清浄剤およびボディーケア剤のための配合物中でのジェミニ陰イオン界面活性剤の使用
US6156721A (en) * 1996-04-23 2000-12-05 Rwe-Dea Aktiengesellschaft Fuer Mineraloel Und Chemie Use of anionic gemini tensides in formulations for washing, cleaning and body care agents
WO1997040124A1 (fr) * 1996-04-23 1997-10-30 RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Utilisation de tensioactifs anioniques jumeles dans des formulations pour detergents, nettoyants et agents de soins corporels
DE19622612C1 (de) * 1996-06-05 1997-10-23 Henkel Kgaa Gemini-Tenside
US6211409B1 (en) 1996-06-28 2001-04-03 Rwe-Dea Aktiengesellschaft Fuer Mineraloel Und Chemie Process for preparing mono-, Di- or oligoamide alkoxylates
WO1998015345A1 (fr) * 1996-10-04 1998-04-16 Rhodia Inc. Compositions detergentes contenant des niveaux de concentration faibles de tensioactifs jumeles
WO1998020853A1 (fr) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-22 RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie Utilisation de tensioactifs gemines anioniques dans des formulations pour agents de lavage, de nettoyage et de soins corporels
WO1998045308A1 (fr) * 1997-04-09 1998-10-15 Rhodia Inc. Tensio-actifs jumeles non ioniques pourvus de groupes sucre hydrophiles
US5863886A (en) * 1997-09-03 1999-01-26 Rhodia Inc. Nonionic gemini surfactants having multiple hydrophobic and hydrophilic sugar groups
US5811384A (en) * 1997-11-26 1998-09-22 Rhodia Inc. Nonionic gemini surfactants
US6693167B1 (en) 1997-12-09 2004-02-17 Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. Peptide-based gemini compounds
WO1999029712A1 (fr) * 1997-12-09 1999-06-17 Smithkline Beecham Plc Composes doubles a base de peptides
WO1999054548A1 (fr) * 1998-04-22 1999-10-28 Hercules Incorporated Dispersions de collage de papier
US6183550B1 (en) 1998-04-22 2001-02-06 Hercules Incorporated Paper size dispersions
US6380147B1 (en) 1998-06-03 2002-04-30 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Detergents containing amylase and protease
US6841614B1 (en) 1998-10-29 2005-01-11 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Polymer granules produced by fluidized bed granulation
US6528474B1 (en) 1999-08-04 2003-03-04 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Method of manufacturing a detergent with soluble builder
US7393817B2 (en) 1999-09-13 2008-07-01 Sasol Germany Gmbh Tenside composition containing gemini tensides and co-amphiphiles and production and use thereof
US6710022B1 (en) 1999-09-13 2004-03-23 Sasol Germany Gmbh Tenside composition containing gemini tensides and co-amphiphiles and production and use thereof
US6649085B2 (en) 2000-11-25 2003-11-18 Clariant Gmbh Cyclic sugar ketones as catalysts for peroxygen compounds
US6746996B2 (en) 2001-01-19 2004-06-08 Clariant Gmbh Use of transition metal complexes having oxime ligands as bleach catalysts
US7601678B2 (en) 2001-02-07 2009-10-13 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Washing and cleaning agents comprising fine microparticles with cleaning agent components
US6875734B2 (en) 2003-02-03 2005-04-05 Clariant Gmbh Use of transition metal complexes as bleach catalysts
US7446086B2 (en) 2003-08-19 2008-11-04 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Agents that are absorbed on the surfaces of substrates
US7897556B2 (en) 2004-04-15 2011-03-01 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Phthalimidoperoxyhexanoic acid particles encapsulated in a water soluble material
US7504372B2 (en) 2004-09-08 2009-03-17 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh Mixtures of bleaching agents
US7541324B2 (en) 2004-09-08 2009-06-02 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh Bleach activator mixtures
US7807616B2 (en) 2004-11-11 2010-10-05 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Geranonitrile substitute
DE102007023805A1 (de) 2007-05-21 2008-11-27 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Textilpflegemittel
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