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Definitions

• the present invention provides novel methods for treating various disorders and conditions, with Botu ⁇ linum toxins.
• the present invention provides methods useful in relieving pain related to muscle activity or contracture and therefore is of advantage in the treatment of, for example, muscle spasm such as Teitiporomandibular Joint Disease, low back pain, myofascial pain, pain related to spasticity and dystonia, as well as sports injuries, and pain related to contractures in arthritis.
• Botulinum toxins in particular
• Botulinum toxin type A has been used in the treatment of a number of neuromuscular disorders and conditions involving muscular spasm; for example, strabismus, blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis (cervical dystonia) , oro andibular dystonia and spasmodic dysphonia (laryngeal dystonia) .
• the toxin binds rapidly and strongly to presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminals and inhibits the exocytosis of acetylcholine by decreasing the frequency of acetylcholine release. This results in local paralysis and hence relaxation of the muscle afflicted by spasm.
• Botulinum toxin type A See Blitzer et al. , Ann. Otol . Rhino . Laryngol , 1985, 94, 591-594. Lingual dystonia was treated with Botulinum toxin type A according to Brin et al., Adv . Neurol . (1987) 50, 599- 608. Finally, Cohen et al. , Neurology (1987) 37 (Suppl. 1), 123-4, discloses the treatment of writer's cramp with Botulinum toxin type A.
• Botulinum toxin is a generic term embracing the family of toxins produced by the anae ⁇ robic bacterium Clostridium botulinum and, to date, seven immunologically distinct neurotoxins have been identified. These have been given the designations A, B, C, D, E, F and G.
• Botulinum toxin is a generic term embracing the family of toxins produced by the anae ⁇ robic bacterium Clostridium botulinum and, to date, seven immunologically distinct neurotoxins have been identified. These have been given the designations A, B, C, D, E, F and G.
• the neurotoxic component of Botulinum toxin has a molecular weight of about 150 kilodaltons and is thought to comprise a short polypeptide chain of about 50 kD which is considered to be responsible for the toxic properties of the toxin, i.e., by interfering with the exocytosis of acetylcholine, by decreasing the frequency of acetylcholine release, and a larger polypeptide chain of about 100 kD which is believed to be necessary to enable the toxin to bind to the pre- synaptic membrane.
• the “short” and “long” chains are linked together by means of a simple disulfide bridge.
• certain serotypes of Botulinum toxin e.g., type E
• the single chain form is less active but may be converted to the corresponding dichain by nicking with a protease, e.g., trypsin. Both the single and the dichain are useful in the method of the present invention.
• C. botuli ⁇ num In general, four physiologic groups of C. botuli ⁇ num are recognized (I, II, III, IV).
• the organisms capable of producing a serologically distinct toxin may come from more than one physiological group.
• Type B and F toxins can be produced by strains from Group I or II.
• other strains of clostridial species C. baratii, type F; C. butyricum , type E; C . novyi, type C- ⁇ or D
• Immunotoxin conjugates of ricin and antibodies which are characterized as having enhanced cytotoxi- city through improving cell surface affinity, are disclosed in European Patent Specification 0 129 434. The inventors note that botulinum toxin may be utilized in place of ricin.
• Botulinum toxin is obtained commercially by establishing and growing cultures of C. botulinum in a fermenter and then harvesting and purifying the fermented mixture in accordance with known techniques.
• Botulinum toxin type A the toxin type generally utilized in treating neuromuscular conditions, is currently available commercially from several sources; for example, from Porton Products Ltd. UK, under the trade name "DYSPORT,” and from Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California, under the trade name BOTOX ® .
• the present invention provides a method for relieving pain, associated with muscle contractions, a composition and a method of treating conditions such as cholinergic controlled secretions including excessive sweating, lacrimation and mucus secretions and a method for treating smooth muscle disorders including, but not limited to, spasms in the sphincter of the cardiovascular arteriole, gastrointestinal system, urinary, gall bladder and rectum, which method comprises administering to the patient suffering from said disorder or condition a therapeutically effective amount of Botulinum toxin selected from the group consisting of Botulinum toxin types B, C, D, E, F and G.
• Each serotype of Botulinum toxin has been identified as immunologically different proteins through the use of specific antibodies. For example, if the antibody (antitoxin) recognizes, that is, neutralizes the biological activity of, for example, type A it will not recognize types B,C,D, E, F or G.
• Botulinum toxins appear to be zinc endopeptidases
• the mechanism of action of different serotypes, for example, A and E within the neuron appear to be different than that of Type B.
• the neuronal surface "receptor" for the toxin appears to be different for the serotypes.
• Botulinum toxins used according to the present invention are Botulinum toxins type A, B, C, D, E, F and G.
• the physiologic groups of Clostridium botulinum types are listed in Table I.
• toxin types may be produced by selection from the appropriate physiologic group of Clostridium botulinum organisms.
• the organisms designated as Group I are usually referred to as proteolytic and produce Botulinum toxins of types A, B and F.
• the organisms designated as Group II are saccharolytic and produce Botulinum toxins of types B, E and F.
• the organisms designated as Group III produce only Botulinum toxin types C and D and are distinguished from organisms of Groups I and II by the production of significant amounts of propionic acid.
• Group IV organisms only produce neurotoxin of type G.
• Botulinum toxin types A, B, C, D, E, F and G are described in Chapter 1 of Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin , cited above, and/or the references cited therein.
• Botulinum toxins types B, C, D, E, F and G are also available from various species of clostridia.
• Botulinum toxins have been isolated from botulism outbreaks in humans (types A, B, E and F) and animals (types C and D) . Their identities were described through the use of specific antitoxins (antibodies) developed against the earlier toxins. Type G toxin was found in soil and has low toxigenicity. However, it has been isolated from autopsy specimens, but thus far there has not been adequate evidence that type G botulism has occurred in humans.
• the toxin is administered by means of intramuscular injection directly into a local area such as a spastic muscle, preferably in the region of the neuromuscular junction, although alternative types of administration (e.g. , subcutaneous injection) , which can deliver the toxin directly to the affected region, may be employed where appropriate.
• the toxin can be presented as a sterile pyrogen-free aqueous solution or dispersion and as a sterile powder for reconstitution into a sterile solution or dispersion.
• tonicity adjusting agents such as sodium chloride, glycerol and various sugars can be added.
• Stabilizers such as human serum albumin may also be included.
• the formulation may be preserved by means of a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable pre ⁇ servative such as a paraben, although preferably it is unpreserved.
• the toxin is formulated in unit dosage form; for example, it can be provided as a sterile solution in a vial or as a vial or sachet containing a lyophilized powder for reconstituting a suitable vehicle such as saline for injection.
• the Botulinum toxin is formulated in a solution containing saline and pas ⁇ teurized human serum albumin, which stabilizes the toxin and minimizes loss through non-specific adsorp- tion.
• the solution is sterile filtered (0.2 micron filter) , filled into individual vials and then vacuum- dried to give a sterile lyophilized powder.
• the powder can be reconstituted by the addition of sterile unpreserved normal saline (sodium chloride 0.9% for injection).
• the dose of toxin administered to the patient will depend upon the severity of the condition; e.g., the number of muscle groups requiring treatment, the age and size of the patient and the potency of the toxin.
• the potency of the toxin is expressed as a multiple of the LD 50 value for the mouse, one unit (U) of toxin being defined as being the equivalent amount of toxin that kills 50% of a group of 18 to 20 female Swiss-Webster mice, weighing about 20 grams each.
• the dosages used in human therapeutic applications are roughly proportional to the mass of muscle being injected.
• the dose admin- i ⁇ tered to the patient may be up from about 0.01 to about 1,000 units; for example, up to about 500 units, and preferably in the range from about 80 to about 460 units per patient per treatment, although smaller of larger doses may be administered in appropriate cir- cumstances such as up to about 50 units for the relief of pain and in controlling cholinergic secretions.
• 1 nanogra contains 40 units.
• 1 ng of the Botulinum toxin type A available from Allergan, Inc., i.e., BOTOX ® , contains 4 units.
• the potency of Botulinum toxin and its long duration of action mean that doses will tend to be administered on an infrequent basis.
• both the quantity of toxin administered and the frequency of its administration will be at the discretion of the physician responsible for the treatment and will be commensurate with questions of safety and the effects produced by the toxin.
• each patient is injected with a sterile solution con ⁇ taining the confirmation of Botulinum toxin.
• Total patient doses range from about 0.01 units to 460 units.
• the aim being to inject the area with the highest concentration of neuromuscular junctions, if known.
• the position of the needle in the muscle is confirmed by putting the muscle through its range of motion and observing the resultant motion of the needle end.
• General anaesthesia, local anaesthesia and sedation are used according to the age of the patient, the number of sites to be injected, and the particular needs of the patient. More than one injection and/or sites of injection may be necessary to achieve the desired result.
• some injections, depending on the muscle to be injected may require the use of fine, hollow, teflon-coated needles, guided by electromyography.
• an antipsychotic drug such as Thorazine or Haldol
• 150 units of Botulinum toxin type B by direct injection of such toxin into the facial muscles.
• the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia i.e., orofacial dyskinesia, athetosis, dystonia, chorea, tics and facial grimacing, etc. are markedly reduced.
• Example 1 The method of Example 1 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from tardive dyskinesia is injected with 50-200 units of Botulinum toxin type D. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 1 The method of Example 1 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from tardive dyskinesia is injected with 50-200 units of Botulinum toxin type E. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 1 The method of Example 1 is epeated, except that a patient suffering from tardive dyskinesia is injected with 50-200 units of Botulinum toxin type F. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 1 The method of Example 1 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from tardive dyskinesia is injected with 50-200 units of Botulinum toxin type G. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 2 The method of Example 2 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic torticollis is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type B. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 2 The method of Example 2 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic torticollis is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type C. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 2 The method of Example 2 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic torticollis is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type D. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 2 The method of Example 2 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic torticollis is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type E. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 2 The method of Example 2 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic torticollis is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type F. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 2 The method of Example 2 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic torticollis is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type G. A similar result is obtained.
• E ample 3 ( a)
• Example 3 The method of Example 3 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from essential tremor is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type C. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 3 The method of Example 3 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from essential tremor is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type D. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 3 The method of Example 3 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from essential tremor is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type E. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 3 The method of Example 3 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from essential tremor is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type F. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 4 The method of Example 3 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from essential tremor is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type G. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 4 The method of Example 3 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from essential tremor is injected with 100-1,000 units of Botulinum toxin type G. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 4
• Example 4 The method of Example 4 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic dysphonia is injected with 80-500 units of Botulinum toxin type C. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 4 The method of Example 4 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic dysphonia is injected with 80-500 units of Botulinum toxin type D. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 4 The method of Example 4 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic dysphonia is injected with 80-500 units of Botulinum toxin type E. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 4 The method of Example 4 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic dysphonia is injected with 80-500 units of Botulinum toxin type F. A similar result is obtained.
• Example 4 The method of Example 4 is repeated, except that a patient suffering from spasmodic dysphonia is injected with 8-500 units of Botulinum toxin type G. A similar result is obtained.
• a male, age 65, with excessive unilateral sweating is treated by administering 0.01 to 50 units, of Botulinum toxin, depending upon degree of desired effect. The larger the dose, usually the greater spread and duration of effect. Small doses are used initially. Any serotype toxin alone or in combination could be used in this indication.
• the administration is to the gland nerve plexus, ganglion, spinal cord or central nervous system to be determined by the physician's knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the target glands and secretary cells.
• the appropriate spinal cord level or brain area can be injected with the toxin (although this would cause many effects, including general weakness) .
• the gland (if accessible) or the nerve plexus or ganglion are the targets of choice.
• mucus secretion or gastrointestinal secretions are positively influenced by the cholinergic nervous system. Sweating and tearing are under greater cholinergic control than mucus or gastric secretion and would respond better to toxin treatment. However, mucus and gastric secretions could be modulated through the cholinergic system. All symptoms would be reduced or eliminated with toxin therapy in about 1-7 days. Duration would be weeks to several months.
• the administration is to the pyloric valve (which controls release of stomach contents into the intestine) divided into 2 to 4 quadrants, injections made with any endoscopic device or during surgery. In about 1-7 days, normal emptying of the stomach, elimination or drastic reduction in regurgitation occurs.
• a female, age 35, is treated by administration of
• Botulinum toxin 0.1 to 50 units total of Botulinum toxin.
• the administration is to the muscles controlling the closure of the jaw. Overactive muscles may be identified with EMG (electromyography) guidance. Relief of pain associated with muscle spasms, possible reduction in jaw clenching occurs in about 1-3 days.
• a male, age 20, with severe cramping in thigh after sports injury is treated by administration of a short duration toxin, possible low dose (0.1-25 units) of preferably type F to the muscle and neighboring muscles which are in contraction ("cramped") . Relief of pain occurs in 1-7 days.
• a female, age 35, with spastic colitis is treated with 1-100 units of Botulinum toxin divided into several areas, enema (1-5 units) delivered in the standard enema volume, titrate dose, starting with the lowest dose. Injection is to the rectum or lower colon or a low dose enema may be employed. Cramps and pain associated with spastic colon are relieved in 1-10 days.
• Example 9
• a male, age 70, post-stroke or cerebral vascular event is injected with 50 to 300 units of Botulinum toxin in the major muscles involved in severe closing of hand and curling of wrist and forearm or the muscles involved in the closing of the legs such that the patient and attendant have difficulty with hygiene. Relief of these symptoms occurs in 7 to 21 days.
• Example 10 The Use of Botulinum toxin Types A-G in the Treatment of Patients with Swallowing disorders
• a patient with a swallowing disorder caused by excessive throat muscle spasms is injected with about 1 to about 300 units of Botulinum toxin in the throat muscles. Relief the swallowing disorder occurs in about 7 to about 21 days.
• Example 11 The Use of Botulinum toxin Types A-G in the Treatment of Patients with Tension Headache
• a patient with a tension headache caused by excessive throat muscle spasms is injected with about 1 to about 300 units of Botulinum toxin in muscles of the head and upper neck. Relief the tension headache occurs in about 1 to about 7 days.

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• Rheumatology (AREA)
• Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Reproductive Health (AREA)
• Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
• Psychiatry (AREA)
• Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
• Psychology (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Otolaryngology (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=22634387

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (70)

Families Citing this family (34)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 1994
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69434008T patent/DE69434008T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES05018367T patent/ES2339865T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69435302T patent/DE69435302D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP05016177A patent/EP1591129B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP05017284A patent/EP1602379A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69428813T patent/DE69428813T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES08017803T patent/ES2347384T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP99203920A patent/EP1005867B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69435116T patent/DE69435116D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP04019047A patent/EP1477183B1/en not_active Revoked
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES04019046T patent/ES2332905T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP04000166A patent/EP1421948B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69433394T patent/DE69433394T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69434540T patent/DE69434540T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP04019048A patent/EP1488803B1/en not_active Revoked
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES00203294T patent/ES2246800T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE122009000038C patent/DE122009000038I1/de active Pending
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES97200028T patent/ES2163090T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69435276T patent/DE69435276D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES07002714T patent/ES2309973T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP03015589A patent/EP1366770B1/en not_active Revoked
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69435330T patent/DE69435330D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 CA CA002180011A patent/CA2180011C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE122008000043C patent/DE122008000043I1/de active Pending
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE122008000042C patent/DE122008000042I1/de active Pending
  • 1994-12-16 JP JP51812795A patent/JP3238154B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 WO PCT/US1994/014717 patent/WO1995017904A2/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP01118792A patent/EP1147775B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES03015589T patent/ES2242126T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP00203294A patent/EP1072270B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69434443T patent/DE69434443T2/de not_active Revoked
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP05018368A patent/EP1598077B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES00203421T patent/ES2223393T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP99203735A patent/EP1010431B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69435149T patent/DE69435149D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP04019046A patent/EP1502600B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69434511T patent/DE69434511T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP07002714A patent/EP1790352B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP95906674A patent/EP0737074B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69427869T patent/DE69427869T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES99203920T patent/ES2207910T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES05018368T patent/ES2334357T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES04019048T patent/ES2248780T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP97200028A patent/EP0770395B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP00203421A patent/EP1103267B1/en not_active Revoked
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES03015590T patent/ES2251651T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES01118792T patent/ES2319860T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69435270T patent/DE69435270D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES95906674T patent/ES2159624T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69434610T patent/DE69434610T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP06016208A patent/EP1757325B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP04018914A patent/EP1486214A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES01118793T patent/ES2355491T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69435194T patent/DE69435194D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP01118793A patent/EP1147776B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 AU AU15162/95A patent/AU688452B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69434319T patent/DE69434319T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP05006665.3A patent/EP1563843B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP05018367A patent/EP1600163B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69435249T patent/DE69435249D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 CA CA002682117A patent/CA2682117A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES04019047T patent/ES2247575T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES99203735T patent/ES2237033T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69435321T patent/DE69435321D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69434535T patent/DE69434535T2/de not_active Revoked
  • 1994-12-16 ES ES05016177T patent/ES2340172T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 DE DE69435243T patent/DE69435243D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP03015590A patent/EP1366771B1/en not_active Revoked
  • 1994-12-16 EP EP08017803A patent/EP2027872B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2001
  • 2001-06-11 HK HK01103981A patent/HK1033274A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214888A patent/JP2002068989A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214883A patent/JP2002114706A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214882A patent/JP2002104991A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214891A patent/JP2002097156A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214887A patent/JP2002087986A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214885A patent/JP2002097145A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214881A patent/JP2002104990A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214884A patent/JP2002087984A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214890A patent/JP2002087988A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214886A patent/JP2002087985A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-07-16 JP JP2001214889A patent/JP2002087987A/ja active Pending
• 2004
  • 2004-09-28 HK HK04107484.4A patent/HK1064599A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2005
  • 2005-04-28 HK HK05103646A patent/HK1070831A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-05-10 HK HK05103928A patent/HK1071071A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-06-20 HK HK05105116.3A patent/HK1072375A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2006
  • 2006-01-26 JP JP2006017860A patent/JP2006160756A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-01-26 JP JP2006017858A patent/JP2006160754A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-01-26 JP JP2006017859A patent/JP2006160755A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-01-26 JP JP2006017857A patent/JP2006160753A/ja not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-06-13 JP JP2007156168A patent/JP2007262086A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-09-26 JP JP2007248736A patent/JP2008056682A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-09-26 JP JP2007248742A patent/JP2008056683A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-09-26 JP JP2007248745A patent/JP2008031176A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-09-26 JP JP2007248739A patent/JP2008037877A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-10-26 JP JP2007278365A patent/JP2008063339A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-11-14 HK HK07112425A patent/HK1106700A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2008
  • 2008-08-27 FR FR08C0034C patent/FR08C0034I1/fr active Active
• 2010
  • 2010-05-19 JP JP2010115472A patent/JP2010202661A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-05-19 JP JP2010115469A patent/JP2010202660A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-05-19 JP JP2010115454A patent/JP2010209105A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-05-19 JP JP2010115462A patent/JP2010202659A/ja not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
  • 2012-05-10 JP JP2012108662A patent/JP2012167117A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-05-10 JP JP2012108658A patent/JP2012167116A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-05-10 JP JP2012108656A patent/JP2012188433A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-05-10 JP JP2012108649A patent/JP2012167114A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-05-10 JP JP2012108652A patent/JP2012167115A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-05-23 JP JP2012117085A patent/JP2012197287A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-09-10 JP JP2012198070A patent/JP2013006865A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (6)

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