WO1995013098A1 - Procede et appareil de sterilisation de catheters - Google Patents
Procede et appareil de sterilisation de catheters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995013098A1 WO1995013098A1 PCT/US1993/010760 US9310760W WO9513098A1 WO 1995013098 A1 WO1995013098 A1 WO 1995013098A1 US 9310760 W US9310760 W US 9310760W WO 9513098 A1 WO9513098 A1 WO 9513098A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catheter
- along
- conductor
- radiation
- conducting
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 206010058872 Fungal sepsis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/10—Ultraviolet radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0017—Catheters; Hollow probes specially adapted for long-term hygiene care, e.g. urethral or indwelling catheters to prevent infections
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M2025/0019—Cleaning catheters or the like, e.g. for reuse of the device, for avoiding replacement
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for effectively sterilizing catheters, particularly including, but not limited to, intravenous catheters.
- This invention also relates to associated catheter assemblies with sterilization componentry incorporated therein.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for at least partially sterilizing catheters.
- Another object of the present invention is to pro ⁇ vide a method for reducing fungal sepsis.
- Another, more particular, object of the present invention is to provide a method for at least partially sterilizing long-dwelling catheters while the catheters are inserted intravenously.
- a further object of the present invention is to pro ⁇ vide a related device or assembly for use in maintaining sterility of a long-dwelling catheter.
- a catheter assembly comprises, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a catheter, an opti ⁇ cal fiber connected to the catheter and extending longi ⁇ tudinally along at least a segment of the catheter, a connec ⁇ tor for coupling the optical fiber at an input end to a source of sterilizing radiation, and a dispersion component connected to the catheter and disposed at least at a distal end of the optical fiber for dispersing radiation from the source along a portion of the catheter to at least partially sterilize the catheter along that portion.
- the optical fiber is one of a plurality of optical fibers extending along the segment of the catheter.
- the opti ⁇ cal fibers may terminate at different points along the catheter, thereby facilitating sterilization of a greater length of catheter.
- the optical fiber is embedded at least partially in the catheter along the catheter segment.
- the optical fiber is adapted to transmit ultraviolet radiation and the dispersion component is adapted to disperse ultraviolet radiation.
- the optical fiber is adapted to transmit infrared radiation and the dispersion component is adapted to disperse infrared radiation.
- the dispersion component may take the form of a roughened section of the optical fiber.
- the portion of the catheter to be sterilized by the incoming radiation may be formed with irregularities in micro-structure which cause electromagnetic wave dispersion within a predetermined range of wavelengths.
- a catheter assembly comprises, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a catheter, a heat conductive conductor connected to the catheter and extending longitudinally along at least a segment of the catheter, and a connector for connecting the conductor at an input end to an external heat exchanger.
- the conductor is disposed in such relation to the catheter that heat is exchanged between the conductor and the catheter along the portion thereof to be sterilized.
- a heat exchange component is disposed along the catheter and is connected to the conductor for exchanging heat energy with the catheter along a portion thereof to at least partially sterilize the catheter along that portion.
- the conductor may be at least partially embedded in the catheter.
- the direction of heat conduction may either be into the catheter, for effective sterilization by a temperature elevation, or out of the catheter, for sterilization by a temperature drop.
- a catheter assembly comprises, in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, a catheter, an electrical conductor connected to the catheter and extending longitudinally along at least a segment of the catheter, a connector for linking the conductor at an input end to a source of electrical power, and sterilization componentry con ⁇ nected to the conductor and the catheter and disposed at a predetermined portion of the catheter for using electrical current conducted by the conductor from the source to at least partially sterilize the catheter along that portion.
- the sterilization componentry includes a resistive heat generating element disposed along the conductor (for example, along a distal end portion thereof) for increasing the temperature of the portion relative to an ambient temperature level.
- a resistive conductor may be provided along the length of the catheter and along intravenous tubing which connects the catheter at an input or upstream end to an intravenous supply, thereby enhancing the sterility of the intravenous 1in .
- the terminals may be adapted to contact organic tissues upon insertion of the catheter in an organ of a patient and to induce the con ⁇ duction of an electrical current through the tissues to at least incapacitate microorganisms harbored in the tissues.
- the terminals are disposed along a lumen of the catheter for transmitting an electrical current through a portion of the lumen to thereby sterilize the same.
- the current may, of course, be conducted along the entire catheter in accordance with the present invention.
- a method for effectively sterilizing a catheter com ⁇ prises in accordance with an embodiment of the present inven ⁇ tion, the steps of (a) generating electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength adapted to at least incapacitate micro ⁇ organisms of a predetermined variety, (b) conducting the radiation along an optical fiber connected to the catheter, and (c) dispersing the radiation along a portion of the catheter to bathe that portion in the radiation.
- the wavelength of the radiation may be, for example, in the ultraviolet or infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- the radiation may be conducted along a plurality of optical fibers in the catheter.
- a method for effectively sterilizing a catheter com ⁇ prises in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention the steps of (i) connecting the catheter to an external heat exchange device, (ii) conducting heat energy through a conductor extending between a predetermined portion of the catheter and the heat exchange device, and (iii) trans- fering sufficient heat energy between the conductor and the catheter along the predetermined portion thereof to change a temperature of that portion to a magnitude adapted to at least incapacitate microorganisms of a predetermined variety.
- the heat exchange device is a heat source and the step of conducting heat energy includes the step of conducting heat energy from the heat source to the predetermined portion of the catheter. Then, the step of transfering includes the step of transfering sufficient heat energy from the conductor into the catheter along the predetermined portion thereof to elevate a temperature of that portion to a magnitude adapted to at least incapacitate micro ⁇ organisms of the predetermined variety.
- the heat exchange device is a heat sink and the step of conducting heat energy includes the step of conducting heat energy to the heat source from the predetermined portion of the catheter.
- the step of transfering heat energy includes the step of transfering sufficient heat energy into the conductor from the catheter along the predetermined portion thereof to lower a temperature of that portion to a magnitude adapted to at least incapacitate microorganisms of the predetermined variety.
- the step of transfering continues for a predetermined duration, whereupon the steps of conducting and transfering are terminated.
- a method for effectively sterilizing a catheter com ⁇ prises in accordance with yet another embodiment of the pres ⁇ ent invention, the steps of (1) connecting the catheter to an external electrical power supply, (2) conducting electrical energy through a conductor extending between a predetermined portion of the catheter and the power supply, and (3) using electrical current conducted by the conductor from the source to at least partially sterilize the catheter along the predetermined portion.
- the step of using electrical current includes the steps of converting the electrical current to heat energy and trans ⁇ ferring sufficient heat energy from the conductor into the catheter along the predetermined portion thereof to elevate a temperature of that portion to a magnitude adapted to at least incapacitate microorganisms of a predetermined variety.
- the step of using electrical current includes the steps of conducting the electrical current along an outer surface of the catheter and through organic tissues located along the outer surface, to at least incapacitate microorganisms harbored in the tissues.
- electrical current is con ⁇ ducted through the lumen of the catheter to effectively sterilize the lumen.
- a method in accordance with the present invention serves to reduce fungal sepsis. Accordingly, the incidence of deaths resulting from fungal sepsis is reduced.
- a method serves in the sterilization of long- dwelling catheters while the catheters are inserted intravenously.
- Hospital personnel may periodically connect long-dwelling catheters to, for example, ultraviolet radiation sources.
- the catheters may be continuously connected to a source of heat energy or electrical energy for maintaining the temperture of the in-dwelling portion of the catheter at a temperture which is sufficiently elevated to inhibit or prevent the proliferation and growth of a predetermined kind of microorganism, such as the micro ⁇ organism(s) responsible for fungal sepsis.
- Fig. 1 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of a long-dwelling catheter assembly in accordance with the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a traverse cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in Fig. 1.
- Fig. 3 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of another long-dwelling catheter assembly in accordance with the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of a further long-dwelling catheter assembly in accordance with the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of an additional long-dwelling catheter assembly in accordance with the present invention.
- Fig. 6 a partial side elevational view, on an enlarged scale, of yet another long-dwelling catheter assembly in accordance with the present invention.
- a long-dwelling catheter assembly comprises a catheter 12 and a plurality of optical fibers 14 embedded in the catheter and extending longi ⁇ tudinally along at least a segment of the catheter.
- Optical fibers 14 transmit electromagnetic radiation within a predetermined range of wavelengths, for example, in the ultraviolet or infrared portions of the spectrum and are coupled at proximal ends via a schematically represented con ⁇ nector 16 to a source 18 of ulraviolet or infrared radiation.
- the radiation produced by source 18 and carried by fibers 14 includes radiation of a wavelength which is predetermined to be effective in inhibiting growth of a selected kind of microorganism, for example, a fungus or a bacterium which characteristically inhabits long-dwelling catheters.
- each fiber 14 is pro ⁇ vided with a roughened surface which disperses incoming radia ⁇ tion of the predetermined frequency generated by source 18.
- a single optical fiber having a roughened outer surface may be sufficient for effective sterilization of the catheter 12 along a preselected portion thereof, namely, that portion of the catheter which is coextensive with the roughened portion of the radiation trans ⁇ mitting fiber.
- optical fibers 14 terminate at different points along catheter 12 and accor ⁇ dingly have roughened distal segments 20 which are coextensive with different portions of catheter 12. In this way, essen ⁇ tially the entire length of catheter 12 may be bathed in sterilizing radiation.
- source 18 will be periodically connected to fibers 14 of catheter 12 for predetermined intervals.
- the intervals are of sufficient periodicity and sufficient duration to effectively sterilize catheter 12 of the preselected kind of microorganism. Accor ⁇ dingly, the incidence of sepsis will be decreased and the catheter 12 can remain implanted in the patient for a longer time.
- Fig. 3 illustrates a modified embpodiment wherein a catheter 22 to be sterilized by incoming radiation is formed at the distal end of each optical fiber 24 with irregularities 26 in micro-structure which cause electromagnetic wave disper ⁇ sion within a predetermined range of wavelengths.
- the micro ⁇ scopic irregularities 26 may take the form of a transparent flexible material stuffed into cavities 28 formed at the dis ⁇ tal ends of fibers 24.
- another long-dwelling catheter assembly comprises a catheter 32 traversed longitudinally by a pair of embedded electrical conductors 34 and 36.
- a schemati ⁇ cally represented connector 38 serves to link conductors 34 and 36 at an input end to a source or supply 40 of electrical power.
- Catheter 32 is provided with sterilization components in the form of two annular terminals or contacts 42 and 44 connected to respective conductors 34 and 36 and embedded in catheter 32.
- Terminals 42 and 44 may be disposed solely along an inner surface or lumen 46 of catheter 32.
- terminals 48 and 50 may be provided along an outer surface 52 of catheter 32.
- energization of conduc ⁇ tors or leads 34 and 36 by supply 40 induces electrical cur ⁇ rent to flow through fluid present in catheter lumen 46.
- the electrical current serves to destroy or incapacitate micro ⁇ organisms harbored within lumen 46.
- energization of conductors or leads 34 and 36 by supply 40 induces electrical current to flow through organic tissues into which catheter 32 is inserted, thereby at least incapacitating microorganisms harbored in the tissues.
- the sterilization of long-dwelling catheter 32 is imple ⁇ mented by periodically connecting conductors 34 and 36 to supply 40 for intervals of predetermined durations. During such sterilization operations, it may be necessary to flush catheter 32 with a saline solution for ensuring adequate elec ⁇ trical current conduction.
- a plurality of terminal pairs may be provided to conduct current along staggered portions of catheter 32.
- a plurality of terminal pairs may be provided to conduct current along staggered portions of catheter 32.
- yet another long-dwelling catheter assembly comprises a catheter 62 traversed longi ⁇ tudinally by two pairs of embedded electrical conductors 64a, 64b and 66a, 66b.
- Schematically represented connectors 68 and 70 serve to link conductors 64a, 64b and 66a, 66b at input ends to a voltage or current source 68.
- Catheter 62 is pro ⁇ vided with sterilization components in the form of a pair of schematically represented resistive heat-generating elements 72 and 74 embedded in a portion of catheter 62 for increasing the temperature of that portion relative to an ambient temperature level.
- a resistive conductor may be provided along intravenous tubing (not shown) which connects catheter 62 at an input or upstream end to an intravenous supply (not shown) , thereby enhancing the sterility of the intravenous line.
- a catheter assembly as shown in Fig. 6 comprises a catheter 82, one or more heat conductive conductors 84 and 86 connected to catheter 82 and embedded longitudinally in at least a segment of the catheter.
- a schematically illustrated connector 88 or 90 serves to connect conductors 84 and 86 at a proximal or input end to an external heat exchanger in the form of a heat source 92 or, alternatively, a heat sink 94.
- Conductors 84 and 86 are provided at a distal end with a plurality of annular webs 96 which serve as heating or cooling fins of a heat exchanger 98 at the distal end of conductors 84 and 86.
- heat exchanger 98 may be provided along the length of catheter 82, each such heat exchanger being serviced by a respective heat conductive rod or a plurality of such heat conductors.
- conductors 84 and 86 are disposed in such relation to catheter 82 (via heat exchanger 98) that heat is exchanged between conductors 84 and 86 and catheter 82 along the portion thereof to be sterilized.
- the direction of heat conduction is into catheter 82 in the event that heat source 92 is connected to heat exchanger 98 via conductors or rods 84 and 86.
- the direction of heat conduc ⁇ tion is out of catheter 82 in the event that conductors 84 and 86 are connected at their proximal ends to heat sink 94.
- the amount of heat energy transfered between conduc ⁇ tors 84 and 86 and catheter 82 along a predetermined portion thereof changes a temperature of that catheter portion to a magnitude adapted to at least incapacitate microorganisms of a predetermined variety.
- heat source 92 or heat sink 94 may be connected to catheter 82 periodically for predetermined durations in order to effectively sterilize the desired portion(s) of catheter 82 of microorganisms.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention se rapporte à des techniques efficaces de stérilisation de cathéters, notamment de cathéters intraveineux placés à demeure. Ces techniques consistent à transmettre et à disperser une radiation ultraviolette ou infrarouge, à chauffer ou refroidir une partie terminale distale d'un cathéter, et à transmettre un courant électrique le long du cathéter et dans le lumen du cathéter ou des tissus organiques dans lesquels se trouve le cathéter. Des fibres optiques (14), couplées à une source (18) par des connecteurs (16) transmettent une radiation électromagnétique le long du cathéter (12).
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/946,550 US5260020A (en) | 1992-09-17 | 1992-09-17 | Method and apparatus for catheter sterilization |
PCT/US1993/010760 WO1995013098A1 (fr) | 1992-09-17 | 1993-11-09 | Procede et appareil de sterilisation de catheters |
AU58454/94A AU5845494A (en) | 1992-09-17 | 1993-11-09 | Method and apparatus for catheter sterilization |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/946,550 US5260020A (en) | 1992-09-17 | 1992-09-17 | Method and apparatus for catheter sterilization |
PCT/US1993/010760 WO1995013098A1 (fr) | 1992-09-17 | 1993-11-09 | Procede et appareil de sterilisation de catheters |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995013098A1 true WO1995013098A1 (fr) | 1995-05-18 |
Family
ID=26787104
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1993/010760 WO1995013098A1 (fr) | 1992-09-17 | 1993-11-09 | Procede et appareil de sterilisation de catheters |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO1995013098A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999027970A2 (fr) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-10 | Zamir Tribelski | Procede de desinfection de liquides et de gaz et dispositifs utilisables a cette fin |
CN111544617A (zh) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-18 | 梁旭东 | 一种通过光纤耦合的紫外led杀菌方法及装置 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4448198A (en) * | 1979-06-19 | 1984-05-15 | Bsd Medical Corporation | Invasive hyperthermia apparatus and method |
US4886505A (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1989-12-12 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Antimicrobial surfaces and inhibition of microorganism growth thereby |
US4906238A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1990-03-06 | Albert R. Greenfeld | Exterior antimigration refinements for self-cleaning indwelling therapeutic articles |
US5029585A (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-07-09 | Baxter International Inc. | Comformable intralumen electrodes |
-
1993
- 1993-11-09 WO PCT/US1993/010760 patent/WO1995013098A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4448198A (en) * | 1979-06-19 | 1984-05-15 | Bsd Medical Corporation | Invasive hyperthermia apparatus and method |
US4886505A (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1989-12-12 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Antimicrobial surfaces and inhibition of microorganism growth thereby |
US4906238A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1990-03-06 | Albert R. Greenfeld | Exterior antimigration refinements for self-cleaning indwelling therapeutic articles |
US5029585A (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1991-07-09 | Baxter International Inc. | Comformable intralumen electrodes |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999027970A2 (fr) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-10 | Zamir Tribelski | Procede de desinfection de liquides et de gaz et dispositifs utilisables a cette fin |
WO1999027970A3 (fr) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-07-22 | Zamir Tribelski | Procede de desinfection de liquides et de gaz et dispositifs utilisables a cette fin |
US6468433B1 (en) | 1997-12-01 | 2002-10-22 | Zamir Tribelski | Method for disinfecting liquids and gases and devices for use thereof |
CN111544617A (zh) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-18 | 梁旭东 | 一种通过光纤耦合的紫外led杀菌方法及装置 |
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