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WO1994004355A1 - Light-transparent heat-protection element - Google Patents

Light-transparent heat-protection element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994004355A1
WO1994004355A1 PCT/CH1993/000197 CH9300197W WO9404355A1 WO 1994004355 A1 WO1994004355 A1 WO 1994004355A1 CH 9300197 W CH9300197 W CH 9300197W WO 9404355 A1 WO9404355 A1 WO 9404355A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polysilicate
protection element
heat protection
element according
mass
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1993/000197
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Walter Egli
Horst Seidel
Simon Frommelt
Christoph Giesbrecht
Original Assignee
Vetrotech Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=4235370&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1994004355(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to DE59309595T priority Critical patent/DE59309595D1/en
Priority to DK93915627T priority patent/DK0620781T3/en
Priority to CA002120932A priority patent/CA2120932C/en
Priority to EP93915627A priority patent/EP0620781B1/en
Priority to JP50572394A priority patent/JP3710138B2/en
Application filed by Vetrotech Ag filed Critical Vetrotech Ag
Priority to US08/211,504 priority patent/US5565273A/en
Priority to AU45566/93A priority patent/AU4556693A/en
Publication of WO1994004355A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994004355A1/en
Priority to NO941272A priority patent/NO179404C/en
Priority to FI941624A priority patent/FI107717B/en
Priority to GR990401970T priority patent/GR3030889T3/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J1/00—Adhesives based on inorganic constituents
    • C09J1/02—Adhesives based on inorganic constituents containing water-soluble alkali silicates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/069—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of intumescent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
    • C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C09D1/02—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/80—Optical properties, e.g. transparency or reflexibility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a translucent heat protection element with at least one carrier element and a protective layer made of water-containing alkali silicate, and to a method for producing heat protection elements.
  • Translucent heat protection elements of this type are known in various embodiments and are used, among other things, as components. Glass plates are mostly used as carrier elements, although other translucent materials such as plastics are also used. Particularly high demands are placed on heat protection on components that form the boundaries of rooms in the form of glazing or are used for doors. From the publication DE C3 19 00 054 heat-insulating translucent laminated glasses are known in which a layer of dried water-containing alkali silicate is arranged between two glass surfaces. When heat is applied to this laminated glass, for example in the event of a fire, the intermediate layer made of alkali silicate foams and the water contained in the alkali silicate layer evaporates.
  • the intermediate layer is thereby impermeable to the heat radiation and forms effective protection against the undesired heat transfer for a certain time.
  • the glass parts adhere to the inflated foam layer.
  • several glass plates and intermediate layers made of alkali silicate are arranged one behind the other.
  • a thin layer of alkali silicate in liquid form is applied to one side of a glass plate and then dried by removing the excess water, for example by exposure to heat. This drying process is complex and requires a certain drying time, which delays the manufacturing process.
  • the second glass plate must then be glued to the intermediate or protective layer made of alkali silicate.
  • the production of such laminated glasses places high demands on the production conditions in order to ensure that the laminated glass is not clouded by air bubbles or other manufacturing defects.
  • the disadvantages of insufficient cohesion and adhesion of the hydrogel layer require additional complex measures.
  • the silicon dioxide content is a maximum of 20 percent by weight and the molar ratio between silicon dioxide and sodium oxide as alkali metal oxide ranges from two to a maximum of four.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a translucent heat protection element which has high transparency and aging resistance, in which the protective or intermediate layer can be produced by casting and without drying, and the protective layer has good inherent strength as well as liability to the adjacent support elements.
  • the starting material for the protective layer should be flowable and suitable for pouring into cavities and then harden in a suitable time to form the protective layer.
  • the protective layer is a hardened polysilicate formed from alkali silicate and a hardener, and in that the polysilicate has a molar ratio of silicon dioxide to alkali metal oxide which is greater than 4: 1.
  • a lithium, sodium or potassium silicate or a mixture thereof is preferably used as the alkali silicate and a sodium, potassium or lithium oxide or a mixture thereof is used as the alkali metal oxide.
  • Suitable hardeners are preferably silicon compounds which react with alkali silicate and contain silicon oxide, silicic acid or compounds which release silica in aqueous solution being preferred. This does not rule out the use of compounds which do not contain Si as hardeners or additional hardeners. Suitable are all compounds which do not form insoluble precipitates due to the reaction with alkali silicate and which would thereby have a negative effect on the optical properties. Compounds such as inorganic and organic acids, esters, acid amides, glyoxal, alkylene carbonates, alkali carbonates and bicarbonates are preferred. Borates, phosphates and para-formaldehyde. These can be used in combination with the main hardener made of silicic acid in small amounts, usually less than 5 percent, without the transparency of the polysilicate layer being impaired.
  • This protective layer of hardened polysilicate according to the invention has good inherent strength and forms good adhesion to the adjacent carrier elements in the form of glass plates or other translucent components.
  • the initial mass is flowable and easy to pour.
  • the hardened protective layer is of high optical quality and permeability and has good aging resistance.
  • the special properties of the protective layer in the form of the hardened polysilicate are achieved in that the polysilicate layer has a silicon dioxide content of between 30 and 55%.
  • the content of alkali metal oxide (M 2 0) in the form of sodium, potassium or lithium oxide or a mixture thereof is a maximum of 16%.
  • the hardened polysilicate layer contains up to 60% water.
  • heat protection elements with a protective layer according to the invention achieve a very high fire resistance value, since a relatively large amount of water is available for the evaporation process.
  • the high content of silicon dioxide is achieved in that the hardener is a silicon-containing compound, advantageously silicic acid or a compound that splits off silicic acid.
  • the polysilicate layer is advantageously arranged between two glass plates and forms a composite element with these.
  • heat protection elements are formed in which the heat protection element consists of a plurality of polysilicate layers each arranged between two glass plates and the glass plates and the polysilicate layers form a composite element.
  • the polysilicon Kat Anlagenen in direct connection with the adjacent glass plates forming the support elements.
  • the adhesion between polysilicate layers and glass plates enables the composite elements to be formed directly without an additional gluing process, which considerably simplifies the manufacturing process.
  • the process for producing a translucent heat protection element using a water-containing alkali silicate is characterized in that the alkali silicate is combined with a hardener which contains or releases silicon dioxide and a pourable mass is formed, this mass is introduced into a mold cavity or onto a carrier element is applied, then the mass is cured while maintaining the water content to form a solid polysilicate layer and the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to alkali metal oxides in the cured polysilicate is adjusted to a ratio which is greater than 4: 1.
  • the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to assemble composite elements which consist of a plurality of carrier elements arranged at a distance from one another and then to pour the intermediate space between the carrier elements with the pourable mass of alkali silicate and one or more hardeners.
  • the mass is very free-flowing and can also be poured into the interstices of composite glazing with a small distance between the glass plates without difficulty. Since the mass cures to a solid polysilicate layer without drying, ie without the release of water, the drying process can be dispensed with, which considerably simplifies the production of corresponding heat protection elements.
  • the reaction or curing time can be accelerated in a known manner by heating.
  • the pot life of the pourable mass at room temperature is definitely long enough for a normal production process to take place enable.
  • the mass can be introduced or poured into a mold cavity between two carrier elements, as described.
  • the latter would only be expedient if translucent heat protection elements with the protective layer according to the invention were to be produced on conventional systems for producing the known heat protection elements.
  • the mass of alkali silicate and hardener is preferably degassed before processing. This ensures that there are no gas inclusions in the hardened polysilicate layer which could interfere with the optical quality of the heat protection element according to the invention. However, the degassing can also take place only after the cavities have been filled.
  • an auxiliary in the form of anionic or nonionic surfactants can be added to the mass before processing and / or the carrier layers be pretreated with such an agent.
  • the carrier layers can preferably also be pretreated with an adhesion promoter, preferably with an organofunctional silane.
  • a heat protection element consists of glazing, which is assembled from four glass panes so that there is a gap of one millimeter between each two glass panes. Along the edges of the glass panes
  • a filling opening is left open for each cavity between two glass panes.
  • a pourable mass is prepared from an alkali silicate in the form of a potassium silicate and colloidal silica, which hardens to a polysilicate with a molar ratio of SiO 2 to K 2 0 equal to 4.7: 1.
  • This liquid mass is subjected to a degassing process in a known manner and then filled through the filler openings into the cavities between two glass panes. The mass is so flowable that it can be poured in without difficulty and can displace the air contained in the cavities without mixing.
  • the composite element formed in this way consisting of four glass panes and three protective layers of polysilicate in between, is stored in a suitable position until the reaction process is completed and the cured polysilicate of the three protective layers has the desired inherent strength. speed and adhesion to the glass plates. Be ⁇ for the reaction acceleration the temperature to 60 C ⁇ is er ⁇ increased.
  • the composite elements formed in this way can be handled in any manner known for laminated glass elements and can also be cut into other shapes.
  • the protective layer of hardened polysilicate arranged between the glass plates has a water content of 47 percent by weight.
  • the hardened polysilicate layers arranged between the glass panes in no way reduce the optical properties of the glass plate composite, and the heat protection element produced in this way is distinguished by optimal fire resistance properties.
  • this 15 percent of a freezing point-lowering agent was added in the form of a polyol.
  • the water content of the hardened polysilicate is 51.2 percent by weight.
  • the fire resistance properties are practically identical to those of the element structure in Example 1.
  • Example 3 In a varied embodiment of Examples 1 and 2, 35 mol percent of the potassium ion is replaced by sodium and a hydrated, precipitated silica with a water content of 21 percent is used as the hardener. The water content of the cured polysilicate is 44 percent by weight. The molar ratio of Si0 2 to (K 2 0 + Li 2 0 + Na 2 0) is also 5.0: 1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Structures Or Materials For Encapsulating Or Coating Semiconductor Devices Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)

Abstract

The heat-protection element proposed consists of support elements in the form of glass plates, for instance. Between pairs of glass plates is a cavity in which is located a protective layer of cured polysilicate produced from an alkali-metal silicate and at least one curing agent, the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to alkali-metal oxide in the polysilicate being greater than 4:1. The starting compound used for the production of the polysilicate is a free-flowing material with a water content of up to 60 % and can be poured into the cavity between two support elements. When the compound hardens, the water content remains high. The polysilicate produced nevertheless has a high inherent strength and adheres well to the support elements.

Description

Lichtdurchlässiges HitzeschutzelementTranslucent heat protection element
Die Erfindung betrifft ein lichtdurchlässiges Hitzeschutz¬ element mit mindestens einem Trägerelement und einer Schutz¬ schicht aus wasserhaltigem Alkalisilikat sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hitzeschutzelementen.The invention relates to a translucent heat protection element with at least one carrier element and a protective layer made of water-containing alkali silicate, and to a method for producing heat protection elements.
Lichtdurchlässige Hitzeschutzelemente dieser Art sind in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen bekannt und werden unter anderem als Bauelemente eingesetzt. Als Trägerelemente die¬ nen zumeist Glasplatten, wobei jedoch auch andere licht- durchlässige Materialien wie zum Beispiel Kunststoffe ver¬ wendet werden. Besonders hohe Ansprüche an den Hitzeschutz werden dabei an Bauelemente gestellt, welche in der Form von Verglasungen Abgrenzungen von Räumen bilden oder für Türen eingesetzt werden. Aus der Publikation DE C3 19 00 054 sind hitzeisolierende lichtdurchlässige Verbundgläser bekannt, bei welchen zwischen zwei Glasflächen eine Schicht aus ge¬ trocknetem wasserhaltigem Alkalisilikat angeordnet ist. Bei Einwirkung von Hitze auf dieses Verbundglas, zum Beispiel bei einem Brandfall, schäumt die Zwischenschicht aus Alkali- silikat auf, und das in der Alkalisilikatschicht enthaltene Wasser verdampft. Die Zwischenschicht wird dadurch für die Wärmestrahlung undurchlässig und bildet für eine bestimmte Zeit einen wirksamen Schutz gegen den unerwünschten Wärme¬ durchgang. Trotzdem mindestens eine der Glasplatten zer- splittert, haften die Glasteile an der aufgeblähten Schaum¬ schicht. Zur Verbesserung des Hitzeschutzes werden mehrere Glasplatten und Zwischenschichten aus Alkalisilikat hinter¬ einander angeordnet. Bei der Herstellung derartiger Verbund- gläser wird auf einer Seite einer Glasplatte eine dünne Schicht von Alkalisilikat in flüssiger Form aufgetragen und anschliessend durch Entzug des überschüssigen Wassers, zum Beispiel durch Wärmeeinwirkung, getrocknet. Dieser Trock- nungsprozess ist aufwendig und erfordert eine bestimmte Trocknungszeit, wodurch der Herstellungsvorgang verzögert wird. Die zweite Glasplatte muss dann anschliessend auf die Zwischen-, bzw. Schutzschicht aus Alkalisilikat aufgeklebt werden. Die Herstellung derartiger Verbundgläser stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Produktionsbedingungen um sicherzustel¬ len, dass keine Trübung des Verbundglases durch Luftblasen oder andere Herstellungsfehler entsteht.Translucent heat protection elements of this type are known in various embodiments and are used, among other things, as components. Glass plates are mostly used as carrier elements, although other translucent materials such as plastics are also used. Particularly high demands are placed on heat protection on components that form the boundaries of rooms in the form of glazing or are used for doors. From the publication DE C3 19 00 054 heat-insulating translucent laminated glasses are known in which a layer of dried water-containing alkali silicate is arranged between two glass surfaces. When heat is applied to this laminated glass, for example in the event of a fire, the intermediate layer made of alkali silicate foams and the water contained in the alkali silicate layer evaporates. The intermediate layer is thereby impermeable to the heat radiation and forms effective protection against the undesired heat transfer for a certain time. Despite the fact that at least one of the glass plates splinters, the glass parts adhere to the inflated foam layer. To improve the heat protection, several glass plates and intermediate layers made of alkali silicate are arranged one behind the other. In the manufacture of such composite a thin layer of alkali silicate in liquid form is applied to one side of a glass plate and then dried by removing the excess water, for example by exposure to heat. This drying process is complex and requires a certain drying time, which delays the manufacturing process. The second glass plate must then be glued to the intermediate or protective layer made of alkali silicate. The production of such laminated glasses places high demands on the production conditions in order to ensure that the laminated glass is not clouded by air bubbles or other manufacturing defects.
Aus EP A-2 192 249 ist es im weiteren bekannt, das Alkalisi- likat der Zwischenschicht in der Form einer Hydrogelschicht mit höherem Wassergehalt einzubringen. Diese Hydrogelschich- ten weisen einen Wassergehalt von 80 bis 90% auf und sind deshalb nicht selbsttragend. Derartige Hydrogelschichten werden vorgeschlagen um die optischen Eigenschaften der Zwi- schenschicht zu verbessern. Da die Hydrogelschicht selbst keine genügende Kohäsion und gegenüber den angrenzenden Glasschichten keine genügende Adhäsion aufweist wird vorge¬ schlagen, zur Verfestigung der Schicht ein organisches Bin¬ demittel, zum Beispiel Gummiarabicum, zuzumischen. Die Zumi- schung dieses Bindemittels ist notwendig um zu verhindern, dass das Hydrogel aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Verbund¬ gläsern oder beim Zerspringen einer der Glasscheiben aus¬ läuft. Die Nachteile der ungenügenden Kohäsion und Adhäsion der Hydrogelschicht erfordern zusätzliche aufwendige Mass- nahmen. Der Gehalt an Siliziumdioxid beträgt maximal 20 Ge¬ wichtsprozente und das Molverhältnis zwischen Siliziumdioxid und Natriumoxid als Alkali-Metalloxid bewegt sich zwischen zwei bis maximal vier.From EP A-2 192 249 it is further known to introduce the alkali silicate of the intermediate layer in the form of a hydrogel layer with a higher water content. These hydrogel layers have a water content of 80 to 90% and are therefore not self-supporting. Hydrogel layers of this type are proposed in order to improve the optical properties of the intermediate layer. Since the hydrogel layer itself does not have sufficient cohesion and, compared to the adjacent glass layers, it does not have sufficient adhesion, it is proposed to mix in an organic binder, for example gum arabic, to solidify the layer. The admixture of this binder is necessary in order to prevent the hydrogel from running out of the space between the laminated glasses or when one of the glass panes breaks apart. The disadvantages of insufficient cohesion and adhesion of the hydrogel layer require additional complex measures. The silicon dioxide content is a maximum of 20 percent by weight and the molar ratio between silicon dioxide and sodium oxide as alkali metal oxide ranges from two to a maximum of four.
Obwohl diese bekannten lichtdurchlässigen Hitzeschutzelemen¬ te in Bezug auf Hitze- und Brandschutz bereits hohen Anfor- derungen zu genügen vermögen, sind sie in Bezug auf Verar¬ beitung und Aufbringung der Zwischenschicht aus wasserhalti¬ gem Alkalisilikat noch unbefriedigend. Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein lichtdurchlässiges Hitze- schutzelement zu schaffen, welches eine hohe Transparenz und Alterungsbeständigkeit aufweist , bei welchem die Schutz- , bzw. Zwischenschicht durch Vergiessen und ohne Trocknung herstellbar ist , und die Schutzschicht eine gute Eigenfe¬ stigkeit sowie Haftung zu den angrenzenden Trägerelementen aufweist . Die Ausgangsmasse für die Schutzschicht soll fliessfähig und zum Eingiessen in Hohlräume geeignet sein und anschliessend in angemessener Zeit zur Schutzschicht aushärten .Although these known translucent heat protection elements are already very demanding in terms of heat and fire protection. are sufficient, they are still unsatisfactory in terms of processing and application of the intermediate layer of water-containing alkali silicate. The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a translucent heat protection element which has high transparency and aging resistance, in which the protective or intermediate layer can be produced by casting and without drying, and the protective layer has good inherent strength as well as liability to the adjacent support elements. The starting material for the protective layer should be flowable and suitable for pouring into cavities and then harden in a suitable time to form the protective layer.
Diese Aufgabe wird erf indungsgemass dadurch gelöst , dass die Schutzschicht ein aus Alkalisilikat und einem Härter gebil¬ detes ausgehärtetes Polysilikat ist, und dass im Polysilikat ein Molverhältnis von Siliziumdioxid zu Alkali-Metalloxid besteht, welches grösser als 4 : 1 ist . Als Alkalisilikat wird vorzugsweise ein Lithium- , Natrium- oder Kaliumsilikat oder eine Mischung davon und als Alkali-Metalloxid ein Natrium- , Kalium- oder Lithiumoxid oder eine Mischung davon einge¬ setzt .According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the protective layer is a hardened polysilicate formed from alkali silicate and a hardener, and in that the polysilicate has a molar ratio of silicon dioxide to alkali metal oxide which is greater than 4: 1. A lithium, sodium or potassium silicate or a mixture thereof is preferably used as the alkali silicate and a sodium, potassium or lithium oxide or a mixture thereof is used as the alkali metal oxide.
Als Härter kommen vorzugsweise mit Alkalisilikat reaktions¬ fähige Siliziumverbindungen welche Siliziumoxid enthalten in Frage, wobei Kieselsäure oder Verbindungen welche Kieselsäu¬ re in wässriger Lösung freisetzen bevorzugt eingesetzt wer¬ den. Die Verwendung anderer, nicht Si-haltiger Verbindungen als Härter, bzw. Zusatz-Härter, wird dadurch nicht ausge¬ schlossen. Geeignet sind alle Verbindungen, die durch die Reaktion mit Alkalisilikat keine unlöslichen Niederschläge bilden und dadurch die optischen Eigenschaften negativ be¬ einflussen würden . Bevorzugt werden Verbindungen wie anorga- nische und organische Säuren, Ester, Säureamide, Glyoxal, Alkylenkarbonate , Alkalikarbonate und -hydrogenkarbonate . Borate, Phosphate und para-Formaldehyd. Diese können in Kom¬ bination mit dem Haupthärter aus Kieseisäure in geringen Mengen, üblicherweise weniger als 5 Prozent, eingesetzt wer¬ den, ohne dass dadurch die Transparenz- der Polysilikat- schicht beeinträchtigt wird.Suitable hardeners are preferably silicon compounds which react with alkali silicate and contain silicon oxide, silicic acid or compounds which release silica in aqueous solution being preferred. This does not rule out the use of compounds which do not contain Si as hardeners or additional hardeners. Suitable are all compounds which do not form insoluble precipitates due to the reaction with alkali silicate and which would thereby have a negative effect on the optical properties. Compounds such as inorganic and organic acids, esters, acid amides, glyoxal, alkylene carbonates, alkali carbonates and bicarbonates are preferred. Borates, phosphates and para-formaldehyde. These can be used in combination with the main hardener made of silicic acid in small amounts, usually less than 5 percent, without the transparency of the polysilicate layer being impaired.
Diese erfindungsgemässe Schutzschicht aus ausgehärtetem Po¬ lysilikat weist eine gute Eigenfestigkeit auf und bildet eine gute Haftung zu den angrenzenden Trägerelementen in der Form von Glasplatten oder anderen lichtdurchlässigen Bauele¬ menten. Die Ausgangsmasse ist fliessfähig und leicht ver- giessbar. Die ausgehärtete Schutzschicht ist von hoher opti¬ scher Qualität und Durchlässigkeit und weist eine gute Alte¬ rungsbeständigkeit auf. Die besonderen Eigenschaften der Schutzschicht in der Form des ausgehärteten Polysilikates werden dadurch erreicht, dass die Polysilikatschicht einen Gehalt an Siliziumdioxid zwischen 30 bis 55% aufweist. Der Gehalt an Alkali-Metalloxid (M20) in der Form von Natrium-, Kalium- oder Lithiumoxid oder einer Mischung davon beträgt maximal 16%. Die ausgehärtete Polysilikatschicht enthält bis zu 60% Wasser. Dadurch erreichen Hitzeschutzelemente mit einer erfindungsgemässen Schutzschicht einen sehr hohen Feuerwiderstandswert, da für den Verdampfungsprozess eine relativ grosse Wassermenge zur Verfügung steht. Der hohe Gehalt an Siliziumdioxid wird dadurch erreicht, dass der Härter eine siliziumhaltige Verbindung, vorteilhafterweise Kieselsäure oder eine Kieselsäure abspaltende Verbindung ist. In vorteilhafter Weise ist bei einem lichtdurchlässigen Hitzeschutzelement die Polysilikatschicht zwischen zwei Glasplatten angeordnet und bildet mit diesen ein Verbundele¬ ment. Zur Erreichung von höheren Hitzewiderstandswerten wer¬ den Hitzeschutzelemente gebildet, bei welchen das Hitze¬ schutzelement aus mehreren jeweils zwischen zwei Glasplatten angeordneten Polysilikatschichten besteht und die Glasplat- ten und die Polysilikatschichten ein Verbundelement bilden. Bei diesen erfindungsgemässen Anordnungen sind die Polysili- katschichten in direkter Verbindung mit den angrenzenden die Trägerelemente bildenden Glasplatten. Die Haftung zwischen Polysilikatschichten und Glasplatten ermöglicht die direkte Bildung der Verbundelemente ohne zusätzlichen Klebevorgang, wodurch der Herstellungsprozess wesentlich vereinfacht wird.This protective layer of hardened polysilicate according to the invention has good inherent strength and forms good adhesion to the adjacent carrier elements in the form of glass plates or other translucent components. The initial mass is flowable and easy to pour. The hardened protective layer is of high optical quality and permeability and has good aging resistance. The special properties of the protective layer in the form of the hardened polysilicate are achieved in that the polysilicate layer has a silicon dioxide content of between 30 and 55%. The content of alkali metal oxide (M 2 0) in the form of sodium, potassium or lithium oxide or a mixture thereof is a maximum of 16%. The hardened polysilicate layer contains up to 60% water. As a result, heat protection elements with a protective layer according to the invention achieve a very high fire resistance value, since a relatively large amount of water is available for the evaporation process. The high content of silicon dioxide is achieved in that the hardener is a silicon-containing compound, advantageously silicic acid or a compound that splits off silicic acid. In the case of a translucent heat protection element, the polysilicate layer is advantageously arranged between two glass plates and forms a composite element with these. To achieve higher heat resistance values, heat protection elements are formed in which the heat protection element consists of a plurality of polysilicate layers each arranged between two glass plates and the glass plates and the polysilicate layers form a composite element. In these arrangements according to the invention, the polysilicon Katschichten in direct connection with the adjacent glass plates forming the support elements. The adhesion between polysilicate layers and glass plates enables the composite elements to be formed directly without an additional gluing process, which considerably simplifies the manufacturing process.
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung eines lichtdurchlässigen Hitzeschutzelementes unter Verwendung eines wasserhaltigen Alkalisilikates ist gemäss der Erfindung dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass das Alkalisilikat mit einem Härter welcher Siliziumdioxid enthält oder freisetzt zusammengefügt und eine giessfähige Masse gebildet wird, diese Masse in einen Formhohlraum eingebracht oder auf ein Trägerelement aufge¬ bracht wird, anschliessend die Masse unter Erhaltung des Wassergehaltes zu einer festen Polysilikatschicht ausgehär¬ tet wird und dabei im ausgehärteten Polysilikat das Molver¬ hältnis von Siliziumdioxid zu Alkali-Metalloxiden auf ein Verhältnis welches grösser als 4:1 ist eingestellt wird.According to the invention, the process for producing a translucent heat protection element using a water-containing alkali silicate is characterized in that the alkali silicate is combined with a hardener which contains or releases silicon dioxide and a pourable mass is formed, this mass is introduced into a mold cavity or onto a carrier element is applied, then the mass is cured while maintaining the water content to form a solid polysilicate layer and the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to alkali metal oxides in the cured polysilicate is adjusted to a ratio which is greater than 4: 1.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ermöglicht somit Verbundele¬ mente, welche aus mehreren mit einem Abstand zueinander an¬ geordneten Trägerelementen bestehen, zusammenzustellen und anschliessend den Zwischenraum zwischen den Trägerelementen mit der giessf higen Masse aus Alkalisilikat und einem oder mehreren Härtern auszugiessen. Infolge des hohen Wasserge¬ haltes ist die Masse sehr gut fliessfähig und kann ohne Schwierigkeiten auch in die Zwischenräume von Verbundvergla¬ sungen mit geringem Abstand zwischen den Glasplatten einge¬ gossen werden. Da die Masse ohne Trocknung, d.h. ohne Abgabe von Wasser, zu einer festen Polysilikatschicht aushärtet kann auf den Trocknungsvorgang verzichtet werden, was die Herstellung entsprechender Hitzeschutzelemente wesentlich vereinfacht. Die Reaktions-, bzw. Aushärtzeit kann in be¬ kannter Weise durch Erwärmen beschleunigt werden. Die Topf- zeit der giessfahigen Masse ist bei Raumtemperatur auf alle Fälle genügend lang um einen normalen Produktionsablauf zu ermöglichen. Bei der Herstellung der Hitzeschutzelemente kann die Masse wie beschrieben in einen Formhohlraum zwi¬ schen zwei Trägerelementen eingebracht, bzw. eingegossen werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Masse auf ein Träger- element aufzubringen und anschliessend ein zweites Träger¬ element auf die noch nicht ausgehärtete Schutzschicht auf¬ zulegen oder das zweite Trägerelement nach dem Aushärten der Schutzschicht in der bekannten Weise mit dieser zu verkle¬ ben. Letzteres wäre jedoch nur dann zweckmässig, wenn auf herkömmlichen Anlagen zur Herstellung der bekannten Hitze¬ schutzelemente lichtdurchlässige Hitzeschutzelemente mit der erfindungsgemässen Schutzschicht hergestellt werden sollten. Ein Teil der Vorteile bleibt dann immer noch erhalten, da kein Trocknungsprozess notwendig ist und die Aushärtung der Masse zur Polysilikatschicht ohne Abgabe von Wasser, d.h. bei Erhaltung des Wassergehaltes erfolgt.The method according to the invention thus makes it possible to assemble composite elements which consist of a plurality of carrier elements arranged at a distance from one another and then to pour the intermediate space between the carrier elements with the pourable mass of alkali silicate and one or more hardeners. As a result of the high water content, the mass is very free-flowing and can also be poured into the interstices of composite glazing with a small distance between the glass plates without difficulty. Since the mass cures to a solid polysilicate layer without drying, ie without the release of water, the drying process can be dispensed with, which considerably simplifies the production of corresponding heat protection elements. The reaction or curing time can be accelerated in a known manner by heating. The pot life of the pourable mass at room temperature is definitely long enough for a normal production process to take place enable. During the production of the heat protection elements, the mass can be introduced or poured into a mold cavity between two carrier elements, as described. However, it is also possible to apply the composition to a support element and then to place a second support element on the not yet hardened protective layer or to glue the second support element to the protective layer in the known manner after it has hardened. However, the latter would only be expedient if translucent heat protection elements with the protective layer according to the invention were to be produced on conventional systems for producing the known heat protection elements. Some of the advantages are still retained, since no drying process is necessary and the mass is cured to the polysilicate layer without the release of water, ie while maintaining the water content.
Vorzugsweise wird die Masse aus Alkalisilikat und Härter vor dem Verarbeiten entgast. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass in der ausgehärteten Polysilikatschicht keine Gaseinschlüsse vorhanden sind, welche die optische Qualität des erfindungs¬ gemässen Hitzeschutzelementes stören könnten. Die Entgasung kann jedoch auch erst nach dem Befüllen der Hohlräume erfol¬ gen. Zur Steigerung der Adhäsion der Polysilikatschicht an den Trägerelementen kann der Masse vor dem Verarbeiten ein Hilfsmittel in Form von anionischen oder nichtionogenen Ten- siden zugefügt werden und/oder es können die Trägerschichten mit einem solchen Mittel vorbehandelt sein. Die Träger¬ schichten können in bevorzugter Weise auch mit einem Haft- Vermittler, vorzugsweise mit einem organofunktionellen Silan vorbehandelt sein.The mass of alkali silicate and hardener is preferably degassed before processing. This ensures that there are no gas inclusions in the hardened polysilicate layer which could interfere with the optical quality of the heat protection element according to the invention. However, the degassing can also take place only after the cavities have been filled. To increase the adhesion of the polysilicate layer to the carrier elements, an auxiliary in the form of anionic or nonionic surfactants can be added to the mass before processing and / or the carrier layers be pretreated with such an agent. The carrier layers can preferably also be pretreated with an adhesion promoter, preferably with an organofunctional silane.
Als Trägerelemente für das erfindungsgemässe lichtdurchläs¬ sige Hitzeschutzelement sind nicht nur Elemente aus Glas, insbesondere Glasplatten, sondern auch andere Werkstoffe mit den gewünschten optischen Eigenschaften geeignet, sofern sie den technischen und physikalischen Anforderungen, zum Bei¬ spiel an Hitzebeständigkeit, genügen. Der Widerstandswert der Hitzeschutzschicht wird in jedem Falle durch den erhöh¬ ten Wassergehalt verbessert. Als Trägermaterial kann auch ganz oder teilweise, thermisch oder chemisch vorgespanntes Glas verwendet werden.Not only elements made of glass, in particular glass plates, but also other materials with the desired optical properties are suitable as carrier elements for the translucent heat protection element according to the invention, provided that they meet the technical and physical requirements, for example heat resistance. The resistance value of the heat protection layer is improved in any case by the increased water content. Whole or partially, thermally or chemically toughened glass can also be used as the carrier material.
Die folgenden Beispiele veranschaulichen die vorliegende Erfindung.The following examples illustrate the present invention.
Beispiel 1example 1
Ein Hitzeschutzelement besteht aus einer Verglasung, welche aus vier Glasscheiben so zusammengebaut ist, dass zwischen je zwei Glasscheiben ein Abstand von einem Millimeter ent- steht. Entlang der Kanten der Glasscheiben werden dieA heat protection element consists of glazing, which is assembled from four glass panes so that there is a gap of one millimeter between each two glass panes. Along the edges of the glass panes
Schmalseiten der Hohlräume zwischen den Glasscheiben um des ganzen U fanges der Glasscheiben in bekannter Weise mit einem geeigneten Dichtungsmaterial versiegelt. Zu jedem Hohlraum zwischen je zwei Glasscheiben wird eine Einfüllöff- nung offengelassen. Aus einem Alkalisilikat in der Form eines Kaliumsilikates und kolloidaler Kieselsäure wird eine giessfähige Masse zubereitet, welche zu einem Polysilikat mit einem Molverhältnis von Si02 zu K20 gleich 4,7:1 aushär¬ tet. Diese flüssige Masse wird in bekannter Weise einem Ent- gasungsprozess unterworfen und dann durch die Einfüllöffnun¬ gen in die Hohlräume zwischen je zwei Glasscheiben einge¬ füllt. Die Masse ist dabei so fliessfähig, dass sie ohne Schwierigkeiten eingefüllt werden kann und dabei die in den Hohlräumen enthaltene Luft zu verdrängen vermag ohne dass eine Vermischung erfolgt. Nach dem vollständigen Füllen der Hohlräume werden auch die Einfüllöffnungen versiegelt. Das auf diese Weise gebildete Verbundelement aus vier Glasschei¬ ben und drei dazwischen liegenden Schutzschichten aus Poly¬ silikat wird in einer geeigneten Position gelagert bis der Reaktionsprozess abgeschlossen und das ausgehärtete Polysi¬ likat der drei Schutzschichten die gewünschte Eigenfestig- keit und Haftung zu den Glasplatten erreicht hat. Zur Be¬ schleunigung der Reaktion wird die Temperatur auf 60βC er¬ höht. Nach vollständiger Aushärtung des Polysilikates können die auf diese Weise gebildeten Verbundelemente in jeder für Verbundglaselemente bekannten Weise gehandhabt und auch in andere Formen geschnitten werden. Die zwischen den Glasplat¬ ten angeordnete Schutzschicht aus ausgehärtetem Polysilikat weist dabei einen Wassergehalt von 47 Gewichtsprozenten auf. Die zwischen den Glasscheiben angeordneten ausgehärteten Polysilikatschichten schmälern die optischen Eigenschaften des Glasplattenverbundes in keiner Weise, und das auf diese Weise hergestellte Hitzeschutzelement zeichnet sich durch optimale Feuerwiderstandseigenschaften aus.Narrow sides of the cavities between the glass panes around the whole U of the glass panes sealed in a known manner with a suitable sealing material. A filling opening is left open for each cavity between two glass panes. A pourable mass is prepared from an alkali silicate in the form of a potassium silicate and colloidal silica, which hardens to a polysilicate with a molar ratio of SiO 2 to K 2 0 equal to 4.7: 1. This liquid mass is subjected to a degassing process in a known manner and then filled through the filler openings into the cavities between two glass panes. The mass is so flowable that it can be poured in without difficulty and can displace the air contained in the cavities without mixing. After the cavities have been completely filled, the filling openings are also sealed. The composite element formed in this way, consisting of four glass panes and three protective layers of polysilicate in between, is stored in a suitable position until the reaction process is completed and the cured polysilicate of the three protective layers has the desired inherent strength. speed and adhesion to the glass plates. Be¬ for the reaction acceleration the temperature to 60 C β is er¬ increased. After the polysilicate has completely hardened, the composite elements formed in this way can be handled in any manner known for laminated glass elements and can also be cut into other shapes. The protective layer of hardened polysilicate arranged between the glass plates has a water content of 47 percent by weight. The hardened polysilicate layers arranged between the glass panes in no way reduce the optical properties of the glass plate composite, and the heat protection element produced in this way is distinguished by optimal fire resistance properties.
Beispiel 2Example 2
In einer abgeänderten Variante gemäss Beispiel 1 wurde eine Füllmasse verwendet, bei der ein Gemisch von Kalium- und Lithiumsilikat im Verhältnis von 8.5 : 1.5 und eine 30%-ige Kieselsäuredispersion in Wasser in einem Mengenverhältnis so zur Reaktion gebracht wurden, dass ein K-Li-Polysilikat mit einem Molverhältnis von Si02 zu (K20+Li20)= 5.0:1 resultiert. Vor dem Einfüllen der Masse wurde dieser 15 Prozent eines Gefrierpunkt senkenden Mittels in Form eines Polyols zuge¬ fügt. Der Wassergehalt des ausgehärteten Polysilikates be- trägt 51.2 Gewichtsprozent. Die Feuerwiderstandseigenschaf¬ ten sind praktisch identisch mit denjenigen des Elementauf¬ baus im Beispiel 1.In a modified variant according to Example 1, a filler was used in which a mixture of potassium and lithium silicate in the ratio of 8.5: 1.5 and a 30% dispersion of silica in water were reacted in a proportion such that a K-Li -Polysilicate with a molar ratio of Si0 2 to (K 2 0 + Li 2 0) = 5.0: 1 results. Before the mass was filled in, this 15 percent of a freezing point-lowering agent was added in the form of a polyol. The water content of the hardened polysilicate is 51.2 percent by weight. The fire resistance properties are practically identical to those of the element structure in Example 1.
Beispiel 3 In einer variierten Ausführungsform der Beispiele 1 und 2 werden 35 Mol-Prozente des Kaliumions durch Natrium ersetzt und als Härter eine hydratisierte, gefällte Kieselsäure mit einem Wassergehalt von 21 Prozent eingesetzt. Der Wasserge¬ halt des ausgehärteten Polysilikates liegt bei 44 Gewichts- prozent. Das Molverhältnis von Si02 zu (K20+Li20+Na20) beträgt hier ebenfalls 5.0:1. Example 3 In a varied embodiment of Examples 1 and 2, 35 mol percent of the potassium ion is replaced by sodium and a hydrated, precipitated silica with a water content of 21 percent is used as the hardener. The water content of the cured polysilicate is 44 percent by weight. The molar ratio of Si0 2 to (K 2 0 + Li 2 0 + Na 2 0) is also 5.0: 1.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Lichtdurchlässiges Hitzeschutzelement mit mindestens einem Trägerelement und einer Schutzschicht aus wasser- haltigem Alkalisilikat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzschicht ein aus Alkalisilikat und mindestens einem Härter gebildetes, ausgehärtetes Polysilikat ist und dass im Polysilikat ein Molverhältnis von Silizium¬ dioxid zu Alkali-Metalloxid besteht welches grösser als 4:1 ist.1. Translucent heat protection element with at least one carrier element and a protective layer made of water-containing alkali silicate, characterized in that the protective layer is a hardened polysilicate formed from alkali silicate and at least one hardener and that the polysilicate has a molar ratio of silicon dioxide to alkali metal oxide which is larger than 4: 1.
2. Hitzeschutzelement nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass das Alkalisilikat ein Lithium-, Na¬ trium- oder Kaliumsilikat oder eine Mischung davon ist.2. Heat protection element according to claim 1, characterized ge indicates that the alkali silicate is a lithium, sodium or potassium silicate or a mixture thereof.
3. Hitzeschutzelement nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, dass das Alkali-Metalloxid ein Natrium-, Kalium- oder Lithiumoxid oder eine Mischung davon ist.3. Heat protection element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the alkali metal oxide is a sodium, potassium or lithium oxide or a mixture thereof.
4. Hitzeschutzelement nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis4. Heat protection element according to one of claims 1 to
3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polysilikatschicht zwischen 30 bis 55% Siliziumdioxid enthält.3, characterized in that the polysilicate layer contains between 30 to 55% silicon dioxide.
5. Hitzeschutzelement nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis5. Heat protection element according to one of claims 1 to
4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polysilikatschicht maximal 16% Alkali-Metalloxid enthält.4, characterized in that the polysilicate layer contains a maximum of 16% alkali metal oxide.
6. Hitzeschutzelement nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polysilikatschicht bis 60% Wasser enthält.6. Heat protection element according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the polysilicate layer contains up to 60% water.
7. Hitzeschutzelement nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polysilikatschicht ein Mittel zur Senkung des Gefrierpunktes des Wasser¬ anteiles enthält. 7. Heat protection element according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the polysilicate layer contains a means for lowering the freezing point of the water portion.
8. Hitzeschutzelement nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch .gekennzeichnet, dass der Härter eine Sili¬ ziumoxid enthaltende Verbindung ist.8. Heat protection element according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hardener is a compound containing silicon oxide.
9. Hitzeschutzelement nach Patentanspruch 8, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass der Härter Kieselsäure oder eine Kieselsäure abspaltende Verbindung ist.9. Heat protection element according to claim 8, characterized ge indicates that the hardener is silica or a compound that releases silica.
10. Hitzeschutzelement nach Patentanspruch 8, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass ein zusätzlicher Härter eine Verbin¬ dung wie anorganische oder organische Säuren, Ester, Säureamide, Glyoxal, Alkylenkarbonate, Alkalikarbonate und -hydrogenkarbonate, Borate, Phosphate oder para- Formaldehyd ist.10. Heat protection element according to claim 8, characterized in that an additional hardener is a compound such as inorganic or organic acids, esters, acid amides, glyoxal, alkylene carbonates, alkali carbonates and hydrogen carbonates, borates, phosphates or paraformaldehyde.
11. Hitzeschutzelement nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis11. Heat protection element according to one of claims 1 to
10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polysilikatschicht zwischen zwei Glasplatten angeordnet ist und mit diesen ein Verbundelement bildet.10, characterized in that the polysilicate layer is arranged between two glass plates and forms a composite element with these.
12. Hitzeschutzelement nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis12. Heat protection element according to one of claims 1 to
11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hitzeschutzelement aus mehreren jeweils zwischen zwei Glasplatten angeord¬ neten Polysilikatschichten besteht und die Glasplatten und die Polysilikatschichten ein Verbundelement bilden.11, characterized in that the heat protection element consists of several polysilicate layers each arranged between two glass plates and the glass plates and the polysilicate layers form a composite element.
13. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines lichtdurchlässigen Hitzeschutzelementes unter Verwendung eines wasserhal¬ tigen Alkalisilikates, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Alkalisilikat mit einem Härter welcher Siliziumdioxid enthält oder freisetzt zusammengefügt und eine giess- fähige Masse gebildet wird, diese Masse in einen Form¬ hohlraum zwischen zwei Trägerelementen eingebracht oder auf ein Trägerelement aufgebracht wird, anschliessend die Masse unter Erhaltung des Wassergehaltes zu einer festen Polysilikatschicht ausgehärtet wird und dabei im ausgehärteten Polysilikat das Molverhältnis von Sili¬ ziumdioxid zu Alkali-Metalloxiden auf ein Verhältnis welches grösser als 4:1 ist eingestellt wird.13. A process for the production of a translucent heat protection element using a water-containing alkali silicate, characterized in that the alkali silicate is combined with a hardener which contains or releases silicon dioxide and a pourable mass is formed, this mass in a mold cavity between two carrier elements introduced or applied to a carrier element, then the mass is cured while maintaining the water content to a solid polysilicate layer and thereby in cured polysilicate, the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to alkali metal oxides is set to a ratio which is greater than 4: 1.
14. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, dass die Masse vor dem Verarbeiten einem Entga¬ sungsvorgang unterworfen wird.14. The method according to claim 13, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the mass is subjected to a degassing process before processing.
15. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass zur Erhöhung der Adhäsion zwischen Polysili¬ katschicht und Trägerelementen der Masse ein anioni¬ sches oder nichtionogenes Tensid zugefügt wird und/oder die Oberflächen der Trägerelemente mit einem derartigen Tensid vorbehandelt werden.15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that an anionic or non-ionic surfactant is added to the mass to increase the adhesion between the polysilicate layer and carrier elements and / or the surfaces of the carrier elements are pretreated with such a surfactant.
16. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, dass die Oberflächen der Trägerelemente mit einem Haftvermittler in der Form eines organofunktionellen Silan vorbehandelt werden. 16. The method according to claim 13, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the surfaces of the carrier elements are pretreated with an adhesion promoter in the form of an organofunctional silane.
PCT/CH1993/000197 1992-08-11 1993-08-05 Light-transparent heat-protection element WO1994004355A1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU45566/93A AU4556693A (en) 1992-08-11 1993-08-05 Light-transparent heat-protection element
DK93915627T DK0620781T3 (en) 1992-08-11 1993-08-05 Light translucent heat protection element
CA002120932A CA2120932C (en) 1992-08-11 1993-08-05 Transparent heat protection element
EP93915627A EP0620781B1 (en) 1992-08-11 1993-08-05 Light-transparent heat-protection element
JP50572394A JP3710138B2 (en) 1992-08-11 1993-08-05 Translucent heat insulating material
DE59309595T DE59309595D1 (en) 1992-08-11 1993-08-05 TRANSPARENT HEAT PROTECTION ELEMENT
US08/211,504 US5565273A (en) 1992-08-11 1993-08-05 Transparent heat protection element
NO941272A NO179404C (en) 1992-08-11 1994-04-08 Light-permeable heat-protecting element
FI941624A FI107717B (en) 1992-08-11 1994-04-08 Light-transmitting heat protection element
GR990401970T GR3030889T3 (en) 1992-08-11 1999-07-30 Light-transparent heat-protection element.

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CH2508/92-1 1992-08-11

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EP0620781B1 (en) 1999-05-19
LTIP849A (en) 1994-08-25
NO941272L (en) 1994-04-08
DK0620781T3 (en) 1999-11-08
JPH07500310A (en) 1995-01-12
CA2120932C (en) 2004-03-30
LT3204B (en) 1995-03-27
DE59309595D1 (en) 1999-06-24
NO941272D0 (en) 1994-04-08
FI941624A0 (en) 1994-04-08
FI107717B (en) 2001-09-28
LV11049B (en) 1996-04-20
EE03095B1 (en) 1998-06-15
US5565273A (en) 1996-10-15
ATE180207T1 (en) 1999-06-15
ES2133404T3 (en) 1999-09-16
AU4556693A (en) 1994-03-15
GR3030889T3 (en) 1999-11-30
NO179404B (en) 1996-06-24
LV11049A (en) 1996-02-20
FI941624A (en) 1994-04-08
JP3710138B2 (en) 2005-10-26
EP0620781A1 (en) 1994-10-26
CA2120932A1 (en) 1994-03-03
NO179404C (en) 1996-10-02

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