WO1993016288A1

WO1993016288A1 - Pressure transformer

Info

Publication number: WO1993016288A1
Application number: PCT/EP1992/000258
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael Jensen
Original assignee: Michael Jensen
Priority date: 1992-02-05
Filing date: 1992-02-05
Publication date: 1993-08-19
Also published as: AU1243192A; EP0625246A1

Abstract

A new kind of pressure transformer (9) has a flow channel (11) and closure means (12) for bringing a gaseous, flowing medium from an initial pressure up to a higher pressure level with only a small supply of external energy.

Description

description

"Pressure transformation device"

The invention relates to a new type of pressure transformation device.

The pressure transformation device according to the invention per se belongs to the class of compressors. Known compressors are able to pump the pressure of a continuous gas flow to a higher pressure level only by using external energy. To do this, they have to perform so-called compression work, which is reflected in the increase in thermal energy of the compressed gas generated. However, these compressors require constant use of energy in order to bring a working gas to a higher pressure level.

The object of the invention is to provide a device which brings the working gas from the lower to the higher pressure level with as little external energy as possible.

This task is essentially solved with the help of the pressure transformation device according to the invention. The novel pressure transformation device according to the invention is provided with a flow channel, on which a periodically opening and closing closure device or a device which periodically brings the flow to a standstill. device connects. With the aid of this completely new type of pressure transformation device, an induction surge described below can be generated, which causes an increase in pressure in the pressure transformation device without the addition of compression energy, and a dilution wave is produced, which makes the induction shock reversible and the initial state of the medium flowing through the Restores flow channel. In the pressure transformation device according to the invention, only the supply of energy is required to operate the closure device or the device which periodically brings the flow to a standstill.

Overall, the invention thus offers the advantage that thermal energy can be converted directly and without loss into other forms of energy and pressure differences can be achieved solely by the periodic function of the pressure transformation device without the supply of compression energy.

In a special embodiment of the inventive concept, it is provided according to claim 2 that the pressure transformation device has a nozzle to which the flow channel connects. With the aid of this nozzle, the gaseous medium can be accelerated over a short distance without the need for long pipelines, which require a corresponding pipe friction.

In a further development of this inventive concept, the nozzle is designed as a Laval nozzle, so that flow velocities in the supersonic range can be achieved in this way. To avoid unnecessary flow losses, a further idea according to the invention provides that the flow channel has a constant cross section.

In experiments, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if a further flow channel is connected to the flow channel following the closure device or the device which periodically brings the flow to a standstill. In this case, the resonance frequency can be set so that the pressure minimum is set simultaneously with the opening of the closure device or device.

If the pressure transformation device according to the invention is integrated in a circuit with a compressed air motor as an energy conversion device, it is provided that a diffuser is connected to the closure device or the further flow channel, so that a conversion of flow energy into pressure energy can take place.

The pressure transformation device according to the invention can be used in a method for converting energy, in which a flowing gaseous medium is brought from an initial pressure to a higher pressure level and the higher pressure level is used to operate an energy conversion device. Known methods of this type have the disadvantage that their efficiency is relatively low.

To avoid this disadvantage, it is provided that the medium is first fed to the pressure transformation device. In the pressure transformation device, the medium is accelerated to a speed of at least 100 m / s, preferably to a speed between 300 and 360 m / s. After the acceleration, the flow channel becomes the Pressure transformation device is periodically closed and opened by means of the closing device or device. After the flow channel of the pressure transformation device has been closed, the medium first builds up on the closure device, increasing the pressure, and a shock front or shock wave moves into the flow channel against the actual flow direction. After the passage through the flow channel has subsequently been opened, a dilution wave forms which catches up with the impact front and then flows out of the flow channel, so that the initial state is restored.

The entire process takes place with increasing pressure without the supply of external energy when compressing. The medium, which is now more compressed, is supplied to an energy conversion device with heat being released, the temperature of the medium dropping as a result of the energy conversion and emission. Since this process cannot be carried out infinitely often, but theoretically only until the flowing working gas is liquefied, the medium is then directly supplied with heat again, which takes place via a heat source. In this way, energy can be supplied directly to the medium without large heat losses, so that the efficiency of the entire process is relatively high compared to known energy conversion processes.

With the method according to the invention, thermal energy can be converted directly and almost without loss into other forms of energy and pressure differences can be achieved solely through the periodic function of the pressure transformation device. It can further be provided that the medium is supplied to the pressure transformation device with an overpressure for starting up or beginning of the method. At the same time, it is necessary for the pressure following the pressure transformation device to be less than the excess pressure. This is necessary so that a correspondingly accelerated flow can form in the pressure transformation device during the starting process.

In order to create an energy conversion device which works with a pressurized flowing gaseous medium with a high degree of efficiency with regard to the energy supplied and converted, the invention provides that the device has a feed device which is only required for starting up and has the pressurized medium. The feed device is provided exclusively for starting up the device according to the invention. Once the device has been put into operation, the feed device is no longer required. Furthermore, the device with the periodically working

Provide pressure transformation device for increasing the pressure of the medium without using compression energy, to which the energy conversion device, such as a compressed air motor with generator, is connected in the direction of flow of the medium. Finally, the device according to the invention has at least one heat source adjoining the energy conversion device in the direction of flow of the medium for the heat application of the medium. The pressure transformation device, the energy conversion device and the heat source are arranged in a flow circuit of the medium, while the feed device is only connected to the pressure transformation device. to Appropriate valves are provided in the device for controlling the feed device.

Since periodic pressure surges are achieved by the periodically operating pressure transformation device, provision is also made for a pressure smoothing device to adjoin the pressure transformation device in the direction of flow of the medium. An essentially uniform pressure is achieved through them regardless of whether the pressure transformation device is open or closed.

It is particularly useful here if the energy conversion device is accommodated in the pressure smoothing device, which on the one hand saves space and on the other hand avoids frictional losses of the flowing medium on additional channels.

Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing and the drawing itself.

Show it:

1 shows a schematic illustration of the energy generating device,

2 shows a section through a pressure transformation device,

3 shows a cross-sectional illustration of the closure device of a pressure transformation device,

REPLACEMENT LEAF 4 shows a perforated disk of the closure device according to FIG. 3,

5 shows a schematic illustration of a flow circuit according to the present invention,

6 shows a pressure transformation device with the closure device open,

Fig. 7 shows the pressure transformation device

6 with the closure device closed,

8 shows the pressure transformation device according to FIGS. 6 and 7 with the closure device just opened and

9 shows the pressure transformation device according to FIGS. 6 to 8 with the closure device open.

An energy conversion device 1 is shown schematically in FIG. 1. The device 1 has a feed device for a gaseous medium, indicated only by 2. In particular, the use of gases that do not trigger corrosion is appropriate. The feed device 2 can be a boiler or a pipe system. Furthermore, the energy conversion device 1 is provided with a pressure transformation device 3, which is connected to one in the flow direction S.

Energy conversion device 4 connects. The energy generating device 4 is accommodated in a pressure smoothing device 5, to which, seen in the flow direction S, a channel 6 connects, which is connected to a heat source 7. The gaseous medium is fed via a channel 8 from the feed device 2 to the circuit which is formed by the pressure transformation device 3, the pressure smoothing device 5 with energy conversion device 4 and the heat source 7. In the channel 8 there is a valve 9 which can be moved in the direction of the arrow x and can close the channel 8 in a gas-tight manner. The channel 8 opens into the channel 6 between the heat source 7 and the pressure transformation device 3. The pressure transformation device 3 is provided with a nozzle 10, a flow channel 11 and a closure device 12. In the exemplary embodiment, the nozzle 10 is a Laval nozzle.

The pressure smoothing device 5, which adjoins the pressure transformation device 3, is a pressure vessel with a substantially larger cross section than the cross section of the flow channel 11. The energy conversion device 4 accommodated in the pressure smoothing device 5 has a generator 13 in this exemplary embodiment , which is provided with wind blades 14. Electrical energy can be tapped from generator 13 via a corresponding connection 15.

The heat source denoted by 7 in the exemplary embodiment shown is two heat exchangers 16, 17 which absorb heat from the environment and release it to the medium flowing through the channel 6. Between the heat exchangers 16, 17 there is a valve 18 which can be moved in the direction of the arrow Y and can close the channel 6 in a gas-tight manner.

A pressure transformation device 3 according to the invention is shown in cross section in FIG. 2. The In the illustration, pressure transformation device 3 has a constriction or nozzle 19 at its left end, to which flow channel 11 connects. As can be seen, the cross section of the flow channel 11 is essentially constant. In this embodiment, the closure device 12 consists of a body 20 which can be moved in the direction of the arrow Z, ie into the flow channel 11, and which can close the flow channel 11 in a gas-tight manner. The body 20 can be moved via a drive indicated by 21. A diffuser 22 is located after the closure device 12.

3 shows an embodiment of another closure device. Instead of a slide or body 20, the closure device 12 is provided with a perforated disk 23 which is mounted on a shaft 24 coaxially with the flow channel 11. The outer part 25 of the perforated disk 23 breaks through the flow channel approximately perpendicularly. The outer part 25 is adjoined at approximately a right angle by a circumferential ring part 26 which runs parallel to the flow channel 11. The ring part 26 is rotatably supported in bearings 27, 28. A corresponding bearing with bearings 29, 30 and 31, 32 is provided for the inner part of the perforated disk 23 and the shaft 24. The perforated disk 23, the shaft 24, the bearings 27 to 32 and the interrupted flow channel 11 are accommodated in a bearing block 34, which consists of two parts 35 and 36, which are held together by corresponding screw connections 37, 38. The two parts 35, 36 are sealed against one another via an O-ring seal 39. At the outer end of the shaft 24 there is a corresponding connection for a rotary drive, which is only indicated by 40. Instead of the closure device just described, a closure device (not shown) can also be provided by valves of a different type. So __. B. valves may be provided, which are driven by the pressure surges generated in the flow channel (so-called flutter valves). Another example provides valves such as those used in gasoline or diesel engines. Another option is valves, which consist of closing and opening lamellae. Valves of very small construction, the closure of which is effected by crystals which follow the same sequence and which deform under the influence of an electric field and thus effect the closure, can also be provided, as can valves which close the closure by means of electromagnetically deflected rings. Effect flaps or sliders.

Fig. 4 shows a view of the perforated disc 23 in plan view with the omission of various parts. The perforated disk 23 is provided with two arcuate recesses 41, 42 which are separated from one another by areas which are not broken through. The radial width B of the recesses 41, 42 corresponds at least to the diameter of the flow channel 11.

The flow diagram of the device 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 5. The circuit of the pressure transformation device 3, the pressure smoothing device 5, the energy conversion device 4 and the heat source 7 can be seen from this diagram. The processes of pressure increase, pressure smoothing, energy conversion and heat absorption take place in succession. It is also evident that the feed device 2 that is only required to start the device 1 according to the invention is not shown in FIG the circuit of the devices mentioned is switched on per se, but only supplies the medium to the pressure transformation device 3. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the energy conversion device 4 consists of a compressed air motor and an adjoining generator for energy conversion. The heat source 7 can be a heat exchanger 16, 17 as already described or any other type of heat supply device. It is conceivable here, among other things, of unusable industrial heat which arises in industrial production processes.

The sequence of the method according to the invention can be seen from FIGS. 6 to 9 and is described below. In contrast to the pressure transformation device from FIG. 1, the device 3 shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 has a further flow channel 11 ′ which, viewed in the flow direction S, adjoins the closure device 12.

To start up the device 1 according to the invention there is a gaseous medium with the state variables P _Q , V _Q , W _Q , T _Q in the feed device 2, which can also be a pressure vessel. The valves 9 and 18 are initially closed. After opening the valve 9 at closed valve 18, the medium from the feed device 2 flows with the above-mentioned state variables to the pressure transforming means 3. The closed valve 18 prevents flow of the medium over ^* the channel 6 in the Druck¬ smoothing means 5 against the actual direction of flow S .

To start up the device 1 according to the invention, the method is initially the pressure in the pressure smoothing container 5 is relatively low, at least lower than the output pressure p _Q in the feed device 2. After Druchtritt the medium through the nozzle 19, the medium is accelerated about the speed of sound to a speed V- _j _ in the range. It then has the state variables P- _j _, V- _| _, W ^ and T- _j _. In the example case of FIGS. 6 to 9, the medium is accelerated to a speed of approximately 300 m / s. The acceleration is achieved through the nozzle 19. After accelerating the medium flows with the mentioned state variables speed W _j _, pressure p ^, volume V and temperature T through the Strö¬ mung channels 11 and 11 '. So that a corresponding acceleration of the medium can develop in the flow channels 11 and 11 'during the starting process, the pressure in the pressure smoothing device or after leaving the flow channel 11' must be correspondingly low, as already mentioned. As can be seen from FIG. 6, after leaving the flow channel 11 'via the diffuser 22 minus the friction losses, the medium again reaches its initial state variables P, V _Q , W _Q and T _Q.

The flow channel 11 is now suddenly sealed gas-tight via the closure device 12 (FIG. 7). The speed of the medium flow is then equal to zero directly in front of the body 20. The medium has the state variables P2, V2, 2 and T2. A shock front is now formed by a compression shaft or a compression shock. Seen in the drawing, to the left of the impact front F- _j _ is a state field m in which the medium contains the state variables mentioned - _j _, Pη_, V- _| _ and - ^ has. In the state field N, to the right of F- _| _, the medium has the state variables 2, P2 V2 and T2. The gas volume flow of the medium emerges from the state field m on the impact front F-, into the state field N with the state states mentioned.

ERSATZBL TT variable in the form of a straight shock wave or a compression wave. Since the volume V2 cannot become infinitely small in this process, referred to as induction surge, the impact front F _j migrates into the flow channel 12 against the actual flow direction S. The speed of this flow wave is designated W'2. During the induction shock, the pressure in the flow channel increases relative to the outlet pressure P _Q.

The flow channel 11 is then opened abruptly, as can be seen in FIG. 8. Since the pressure P ^ at the end of the device is lower than the pressure P2, a so-called discharge surge takes place, in which a thinning wave designated F2 penetrates in the direction of the impact front F ^ and the previously excited state field. The speed of the rarefaction wave F2 is greater than the wetting speed Fortpflan¬ the shock front F- _j _. In the dilution wave, the gaseous medium then flows to the right via the diffuser 22 into the pressure smoothing device 6 at the speed W3, the pressure P3, the specific volume V3 and the temperature T3. The propagation speed of the dilution wave F2 is equal to the speed in the state field N. The dilution wave F2 forms the transition area A, in which the pressure P2 drops to the pressure P3. The speed of sound W3 results as a function of the pressure reduction in the dilution wave F2 described here.

Before the impact front F- _j _ reaches the nozzle 19, the dilution wave F2 reaches the impact front F ^ (FIG. 9), the speed W ^ at which the impact front F _{j moves} into the flow channel as a result of that through the dilution wave F2 caused outflow velocity or pressure drop must sink well. The induction shock ends when the dilution wave F2 has reached the shock front F ^. As a result, the impact front F- ^ is dissolved and the initial state is restored. The dünnungswelle Ver¬ with the flowing medium has the Zustands¬ variable W3, P3, V3 and T3, the subsequent medium, the state variable W _j _, _P] _, V- _j _ and T _j _. Since the medium flows through the diffuser 22 into the pressure smoothing device 5, the flow energy is partially converted back into pressure energy. As a result, the pressure is brought to a constantly higher pressure level than the pressure P _Q.

After the shock front F- _j _ is dissolved, the initial transition state is restored, and it is excited by the re sudden closing the flow channel 11 through the shutter device 12, a further induction stroke.

The reason for the reversibility of the induction shock in the supersonic range is therefore the speed of the medium at which the medium flows off to the right of the dilution wave and which must be and is greater than the speed W ' _j at which the gas is given Starting conditions for a straight stationary compression shock would flow behind the shock front F ^. In the subsonic area, the outflow velocity W3 must be at least equal to or greater than the flow velocity W2. As a result, the pressure behind the impact front F- _j _ or compression wave decreases, which has the consequence that the impact front F- _j _ follows moves to the right in the direction of the closure 12.

Since the pressure P ^ is greater than the outlet pressure P _Q , a compressed air motor located in the pressure smoothing device can transmit this pressure difference to the wall.

REPLACEMENT LEAF Use the electrical energy via the generator. The release of energy causes a temperature drop in the medium, which is compensated for again via the heat source 7 or the heat exchangers 16, 17, so that the medium with the mentioned initial state variables P _Q , T _Q , V _Q and _{Q of} the pressure transformation device can be fed again. Without the addition of heat, the process mentioned would take place until the working gas was liquefied.

As an alternative to the energy conversion by means of a compressed air motor or a gas turbine, there is the possibility of converting the energy of the compression surges or discharge surges directly into electrical energy. This can be done by putting electromagnetic or piezoelectric vibratory systems into resonance vibrations.

Reference symbol list:

Claims

1. Drucktransfor ationseinrichtung for increasing the pressure of a flowing gaseous medium with a flow channel (11) and one adjoining the flow channel (11), the flow channel

(11) periodically opening and closing closure device or a device periodically stopping the flow in the flow channel (11).

2. Pressure transformation device according to claim 1, characterized by a nozzle (10, 19) located in the flow direction (S) seen in front of the flow channel (11).

3. Pressure transformation device according to claim 2, characterized in that the nozzle as a Laval nozzle

(10) is formed.

4. Pressure transformation device according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the closure device

(12) or, viewed in the flow direction (S), the device is connected to a further flow channel (11 ').

5. Pressure transformation device according to claim 4, characterized in that the flow channel

(11) and / or the further flow channel (11 ') has a constant cross section.

6. Pressure transformation device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in characterized in that a diffuser (22) connects to the closure device (12) or the device or to the further flow channel (11 ').

CHANGED REQUIREMENTS

[Received at the International Bureau on January 28, 1993 (January 28, 1993); original claims 1-6 replaced by amended claims 1-13

(4 pages)]

1. A method for converting energy, in which a flowing gaseous medium is brought from an initial pressure to a higher pressure level and the higher pressure level is used to operate an energy conversion device, the medium first being fed to a pressure transformation device with a flow channel and in the latter is accelerated to a speed of at least 100 m / s, preferably to a speed between 300 and 360 m / s, the flow channel of the pressure transformation device being periodically closed and opened by means of a closing device or device, after the closing of the Flow channel of the pressure transformation device, the medium initially builds up on the closure device while increasing the pressure, and a shock front or shock wave moves into the flow channel counter to the actual flow direction, with the passage opening subsequently opening A thinning wave forms through the flow channel, which catches up with the impact front and then flows out of the flow channel, so that the initial state is restored.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire process of increasing the pressure takes place without supplying compression energy at Komprimie¬ ren. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that, after flowing out of the flow channel and energy conversion, the medium is again supplied with heat directly via a heat source.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, da¬ characterized in that pressure differences are achieved solely by the periodic function of the Drucktransfor¬ mationseinrichtung.

5. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the medium for starting or at the beginning of the method is supplied with an overpressure to the pressure transformation device, the pressure following the pressure transformation device being less than the excess pressure .

6. Pressure transformation device for increasing the pressure of a flowing gaseous medium with a flow channel (11) and a closing device which adjoins the flow channel (11) and periodically opens and closes the flow channel (11), or a periodically in the flow channel ( 11) device bringing to a standstill, for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 5.

7. Pressure transformation device according to claim 6, characterized by a nozzle (10, 19) located in the flow direction (S) seen in front of the flow channel (11). ^~

8. Pressure transformation device according to claim 7, characterized in that the nozzle is designed as a Laval nozzle (10).

9. Pressure transformation device according to one or more of claims 6 to 8, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the closure device (12) or the device seen in the flow direction (S) is followed by a further flow channel (11 ').

10. Pressure transformation device according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow channel

(11) and / or the further flow channel (11 ') has a constant cross section.

11. Pressure transformation device according to one or more of claims 6 to 10, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the closure device

(12) or the device or a diffuser (22) connects to the further flow channel (11 ').

12. Energy conversion device, which works with a pressurized flowing gaseous medium, with a supply device of a periodically operating pressure transformation device, which is required only (only) for starting up and has the pressurized medium, in particular according to one of claims 6 to 11 for increasing the pressure of the medium provided without the use of compression energy, to which the energy conversion device, such as, for example, a compressed air motor with generator, is connected in the direction of flow of the medium, and to a heat source which adjoins the energy conversion device in the flow direction of the medium, for the purpose of applying heat to the medium, the pressure transformation device, the energy ¬ conversion device and the heat source are arranged in a flow circuit of the medium, while the feed device is only connected to the pressure transformation device.

13. Energy conversion device according to claim 12, characterized in that a Druckglät¬ device in the flow direction of the medium connects to the pressure transformation device.