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WO1989001722A1 - Device for transmitting data from an animal body - Google Patents

Device for transmitting data from an animal body Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989001722A1
WO1989001722A1 PCT/EP1988/000655 EP8800655W WO8901722A1 WO 1989001722 A1 WO1989001722 A1 WO 1989001722A1 EP 8800655 W EP8800655 W EP 8800655W WO 8901722 A1 WO8901722 A1 WO 8901722A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmitter
resonant circuit
capacitor
coil
animal body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1988/000655
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Henrik Lindqvist
Erwin Walter Schmidt
Original Assignee
Enguvu Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enguvu Ag filed Critical Enguvu Ag
Publication of WO1989001722A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989001722A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/73—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for taking measurements, e.g. using sensing coils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K11/00—Marking of animals
    • A01K11/006—Automatic identification systems for animals, e.g. electronic devices, transponders for animals
    • A01K11/007—Boluses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0716—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10336—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for transmitting data from an animal body with a passive transmitter that can be inserted into the animal body and that has a transmitter resonant circuit consisting of a transmitter coil and at least one transmitter capacitor, and with a receiver that has an excitation coil and a receiving coil that has a
  • the capacitor forms a receiver resonant circuit, a modulation capacitor changing its frequency being connectable in the transmitter resonant circuit.
  • Such a device is known for the electronic identification of animals, in particular racing horses.
  • the transmitter which is made as small as possible, is implanted in the neck muscles of the horse.
  • the transmitter resonant circuit When the transmitter resonant circuit is excited by the excitation coil of the receiver, it delivers a signal controlled by a memory matrix, by means of which the horse can be identified.
  • This device thus only delivers an identification signal, but no other data.
  • European patent application EP 87 103 573.9 To monitor the state of health or the performance of a herd of cattle, it is desirable to monitor the desired physical or chemical parameters from the body of each individual animal in the simplest possible way. A particularly meaningful measurement is the body temperature, because an increase in temperature provides a very early indication of the onset of an illness in the animal.
  • This animal can therefore be separated from the herd before the onset of the disease, so that the risk of infection can be excluded or at least considerably reduced.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to design a device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the desired physical or chemical parameters on the carcasses of a larger herd of cattle can be monitored in a simple manner with little effort.
  • the transmitter resonant circuit is impressed with a coded signal which is supplied by a sensor which detects a physical or chemical measured variable on the animal body.
  • the transmitter can be used in different ways in the animal body. For example, it can be implanted subcutaneously or placed in the animal's digestive tract. Because the passive transmitter is not a suitable energy source has, but draws its energy from the excitation coil in the receiver, the transmitter can remain in the animal body for any length of time.
  • the receiver can be arranged at a point where the animals must inevitably move past a short distance, for example at a passage through which the herd of cattle is regularly driven.
  • an analog signal supplied by the sensor can be converted in an analog-to-digital converter into a digitally coded electrical signal or a frequency and used to modulate the transmitter resonant circuit.
  • a sensor suitable for this can be used in adaptation to the physical or chemical measured variable to be recorded in each case.
  • the measured variable to be recorded is the body temperature of the animal, it can be provided according to a preferred embodiment of the invention that at least one of the capacitors in the transmitter resonant circuit contains a dielectric with a temperature-dependent dielectric constant and is used as a temperature sensor.
  • This embodiment is particularly preferred because of the very simple construction, because no separate temperature sensor is used, the signal of which would have to be encoded in a coding device. Since the capacitor, which is already present in the transmitter resonant circuit, is also used as a temperature sensor, it is influenced by that which occurs when the temperature fluctuates Capacity change immediately the frequency of the transmitter resonant circuit. This change in frequency is recorded in the receiver oscillation circuit and immediately shows a change in temperature in the animal body. The animal in question can be immediately separated from the herd and examined or quarantined.
  • the transmitter capacitor preferably forms the temperature sensor, while the modulation capacitor which can be activated by the memory matrix supplies an identification code for each individual animal.
  • a particularly high temperature sensitivity of the capacitor used as a temperature sensor is achieved according to the invention in that barium titanate is used as the dielectric.
  • the transmitter coil contains a ferrite core and is enclosed together with the transmitter by a liquid-tight shell which forms a " buoyancy body at one end of the ferrite core.
  • the invention is based on one
  • Fig. 1 can be introduced into an animal body transmitter for transmitting the body temperature and Fig. 2 is a highly simplified circuit diagram of this transmitter and the associated receiver.
  • the transmitter -1 shown in Fig. 1 in a simplified section is intended to be used in the digestive tract of a cattle.
  • the transmitter includes a transmitter coil 2, the ferrite core 3: surrounds. At the upper end of the ferrite core 3, an integrated circuit 4 and a transmitter capacitor 5 are attached.
  • a liquid-tight shell 6 surrounds the transmitter and forms at its upper end a cavity 7 as a buoyancy body, which ensures that the transmitter remains upright floating in the cattle's stomach, which contains liquid.
  • a memory matrix 8, a control device 9 and a modulation capacitor 11 which can be activated by a switch 10 form the integrated circuit 4.
  • the transmitter coil 2, the transmitter capacitor 5 and the modulation capacitor 11 are connected in parallel and form a transmitter resonant circuit 12, the natural frequency of which depends on the capacitance of the capacitors 5 and 11 depends.
  • an excitation coil 14 is arranged, which is acted upon by a coil driver 15 with a predetermined fixed frequency.
  • a receiving coil 16 forms one with a capacitor 17
  • the receiver resonant circuit 18 is connected via a comparator 20 to a counter 21, which supplies an output signal to an output line 22.
  • Positive and negative voltage pulses are alternately connected to the excitation coil 14.
  • the three coils 2, 14 and 16 are magnetically coupled.
  • the resonant circuit formed by the transmitter coil 2 and the transmitter capacitor 5 is excited by short current pulses in the excitation coil 14.
  • the modulation capacitor 11 is switched on by the integrated circuit 4, the frequency of the transmitter resonant circuit 12 is reduced.
  • the switching on of the modulation capacitor 11 is controlled as a function of the values stored in the memory matrix 8.
  • the modulation capacitor 11 is a capacitor integrated on the chip. Strictly speaking, it is only the normally undesirable gate-source capacitance of a large-area field-effect transistor.
  • the transmitter capacitor 5, however, is soldered as a component and can therefore be exchanged.
  • the receiver resonant circuit formed by the receiving coil 16 and the capacitor 17 oscillates at the same frequency as this due to the magnetic coupling with the transmitter coil 2.
  • the resonance frequencies of the individual resonant circuits are dependent on one another due to the magnetic coupling of the coils.
  • the resonance frequency of the transmitter resonant circuit 12 (FIG. 2) is determined not only by the capacitances of the capacitors 5 and 11 and the inductance of the coil 2, but also by the inductances of the coils 14 and 16.
  • the task of the excitation coil is to do the whole To stimulate the resonant circuit system, but not to impose a frequency on it. Therefore the circuit is designed so that only short current pulses flow through the excitation coil 14.
  • the comparator 20 detects the zero crossings of the signal, which are counted in the downstream counter 21.
  • the counter 21 When the counter 21 has counted a fixed number of zero crossings, it causes the coil driver 15 to emit a new excitation pulse.
  • the time it takes counter 21 to count a fixed number of zero crossings is a measure of the frequency at which the whole system vibrates.
  • the data stored in the memory matrix 8 with a capacity of 64 bits are encoded according to the Manchester code.
  • a data cycle is always the same length. It consists of either a short and a long data phase to transmit a "1", or a long and a short data phase to transmit a "0".
  • the resistor 1 serves to reduce the sensitivity of the receiver resonant circuit 18. This is necessary because, depending on the state of the switch 10, two different frequencies have to be transmitted / ground.
  • the data transmission takes place in that two different frequencies are transmitted. In order to detect the data, these two frequencies must be measured. This is done by the counter 21, which counts a fixed number of zero crossings of the received signal. The time it takes the counter 21 to count a fixed number of zero crossings is a measure of the frequency. The subsequent circuit, which evaluates the data signal at output 22, measures these times. The data are obtained by comparing these times, because this corresponds to a frequency comparison. In order to measure the temperature now, it is not the time differences but the absolute time values that must be measured and displayed. A missing negative excitation pulse is interpreted by transmitter 1 as a reset signal and starts the data transmission again. This allows the system to be brought into a defined initial state.
  • the transmitter capacitor 5 in the passive transmitter 1 contains barium titanate as the dielectric, so that the transmitter capacitor is temperature-dependent.
  • the dielectric constant of barium titanate is temperature dependent due to the physical effect of the Curie temperature. Since the entire transmitter 1 and thus also the transmitter capacitor 5 assume the body temperature of the cattle, in whose body the transmitter 1 is located, the frequency of the transmitter resonant circuit 12 changes depending on the body temperature. The frequency ascertained in the receiver oscillating circuit 18 and transmitted by the transmitter coil 2 thus represents a measure of the body temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

A sender (1) for transmitting data, in particular the temperature, from an animal body, can be introduced into the animal body. An exciting coil (14) in a sender (13) excites a sender oscillating circuit (12) which, in addition to the sender coil (2), has at least one sender capacitor (5). The sender capacitor (5) contains barium titanate as the dielectric and is therefore temperature dependent. The sender capacitor (5) constitutes a temperature sensor which influences the frequence of the sender oscillating circuit (12). This frequency is measured and evaluated by a receiver oscillating circuit (18) in the receiver (13).

Description

Vorrichtung zur Übermittlung von Daten aus einem TierkörperDevice for transmitting data from an animal body
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Übermittlung von Daten aus einem Tierkörper mit einem in den Tierkörper einsetzbaren passiven Sender, der einen aus einer Senderspule und mindestens einem Senderkondensator bestehenden SenderSchwingkreis aufweist, und mit einem Empfänger, der eine Erregerspule und eine Empfangsspule aufweist, die mit einem Kondensator einen Empfängerschwingkreis bildet, wobei im Senderschwingkreis ein dessen Frequenz verändernder Modulationskondensator zuschaltbar ist.The invention relates to a device for transmitting data from an animal body with a passive transmitter that can be inserted into the animal body and that has a transmitter resonant circuit consisting of a transmitter coil and at least one transmitter capacitor, and with a receiver that has an excitation coil and a receiving coil that has a The capacitor forms a receiver resonant circuit, a modulation capacitor changing its frequency being connectable in the transmitter resonant circuit.
Eine solche Vorrichtung ist zur elektronischen Identifikation von Tieren, insbesondere Rennpferden, bekannt. Der möglichst klein ausgeführte Sender wird in der Halsmuskulatur des Pferdes implantiert. Wenn der Senderschwingkreis durch die Erregerspule des Empfängers erregt wird, liefert er ein durch eine Speichermatrix gesteuertes Signal, durch das das Pferd identifiziert werden kann. Diese Vorrichtung liefert somit nur ein Identifizierungssignal, jedoch keine sonstigen Daten. Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist in der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 87 103 573.9 beschrieben. Zur Überwachung des Gesundheitszustandes bzw. der Leistungsfähigkeit einer Viehherde ist es erwünscht, in möglichst einfacher Weise die jeweils gewünschten physikalischen oder chemischen Meßgrößen aus dem Körper jedes einzelnen Tieres zu überwachen. Eine besonders aussagekräftige Meßgröße ist die Körpertemperatur, weil ein Temperaturanstieg einen sehr frühzeitigen Hinweis auf den Beginn einer Erkrankung des Tieres liefert. Dieses Tier kann daher schon vor dem Ausbruch der Krankheit aus der Herde ausgesondert werden, so daß die Ansteckungsgefahr ausgeschlossen oder zumindest erheblich herabgesetzt werden kann. Insbesondere bei großen Viehherden ist es jedoch nicht möglich, Temperaturmessungen oder Messungen sonstiger physikalischer oder chemischer Meßgrößen am Tierkörper in ausreichender Häufigkeit durchzuführen, um Veränderungen festzustellen.Such a device is known for the electronic identification of animals, in particular racing horses. The transmitter, which is made as small as possible, is implanted in the neck muscles of the horse. When the transmitter resonant circuit is excited by the excitation coil of the receiver, it delivers a signal controlled by a memory matrix, by means of which the horse can be identified. This device thus only delivers an identification signal, but no other data. Such a device is described in European patent application EP 87 103 573.9. To monitor the state of health or the performance of a herd of cattle, it is desirable to monitor the desired physical or chemical parameters from the body of each individual animal in the simplest possible way. A particularly meaningful measurement is the body temperature, because an increase in temperature provides a very early indication of the onset of an illness in the animal. This animal can therefore be separated from the herd before the onset of the disease, so that the risk of infection can be excluded or at least considerably reduced. In particular in the case of large herds of cattle, however, it is not possible to carry out temperature measurements or measurements of other physical or chemical parameters on the animal body with sufficient frequency to determine changes.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung der Eingangs genannten Gattung so auszugestalten, daß in einfacher Weise eine Überwachung der jeweils gewünschten physikalischen oder chemischen Meßgrößen an den Tierkörpern einer größeren Viehherde mit geringem Aufwand möglich ist.The object of the invention is therefore to design a device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the desired physical or chemical parameters on the carcasses of a larger herd of cattle can be monitored in a simple manner with little effort.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß dem Senderschwingkreis ein kodiertes Signal aufgeprägt wird, das von einem eine physikalische oder chemische Meßgröße am Tierkörper erfassenden Sensor geliefert wird. Der Sender kann in unterschiedlicher Weise im Tierkörper eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise kann er subkutan implantiert oder in den Verdauungstrakt des Tieres gegeben werden. Da der passive Sender keine eigende Energiequelle aufweist, sondern seine Energie von der Erregerspule im Empfänger bezieht, kann der Sender beliebig lange im Tierkörper verbleiben. Der Empfänger kann an einer Stelle angeordnet werden, an der die Tiere sich zwangsläufig in geringem Abstand vorbei bewegen müssen, beispielsweise an einem Durchlaß, durch den die Viehherde regelmäßig hindurchgetrieben wird.This object is achieved in that the transmitter resonant circuit is impressed with a coded signal which is supplied by a sensor which detects a physical or chemical measured variable on the animal body. The transmitter can be used in different ways in the animal body. For example, it can be implanted subcutaneously or placed in the animal's digestive tract. Because the passive transmitter is not a suitable energy source has, but draws its energy from the excitation coil in the receiver, the transmitter can remain in the animal body for any length of time. The receiver can be arranged at a point where the animals must inevitably move past a short distance, for example at a passage through which the herd of cattle is regularly driven.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann ein von dem Sensor geliefertes analoges Signal in einem Analog- Digital-Wandler in ein digital kodiertes elektrisches Signal oder eine Frequenz umgewandelt und zur Modulation des Senderschwingkreises verwendet werden. Hierbei kann in Anpassung an die jeweils zu erfassende physikalische oder chemische Meßgröße ein jeweils hierfür geeigneter Sensor verwendet werden.According to one embodiment of the invention, an analog signal supplied by the sensor can be converted in an analog-to-digital converter into a digitally coded electrical signal or a frequency and used to modulate the transmitter resonant circuit. In this case, a sensor suitable for this can be used in adaptation to the physical or chemical measured variable to be recorded in each case.
Wenn es sich bei der zu erfassenden Meßgröße um die Körpertemperatur des Tieres handelt, kann gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen werden, daß mindestens einer der Kondensatoren im Senderschwingkreis ein Dielektrikum mit temperaturabhängiger Dielektrizitätskonstante enthält und als Temperatursensor verwendet wird.If the measured variable to be recorded is the body temperature of the animal, it can be provided according to a preferred embodiment of the invention that at least one of the capacitors in the transmitter resonant circuit contains a dielectric with a temperature-dependent dielectric constant and is used as a temperature sensor.
Diese Ausführungsform ist wegen des konstruktiv sehr einfachen Aufbaus besonders bevorzugt, weil kein gesonderter Temperatursensor verwendet wird, dessen Signal in einer Kodiereinrichtung kodiert werden müßte. Da der ohnehin im Senderschwingkreis vorhandene Kondensator zugleich als Temperatursensor verwendet wird, beeinflußt er durch die bei Temperaturschwankungen auftretende Kapazitätsänderung unmittelbar die Frequenz des Senderschwingkreises. Diese Frequenzänderung wird im Empfängerschwingkreis erfaßt und läßt eine Temperaturänderung im Tierkörper sofort erkennen. Das betreffende Tier kann sofort von der Herde abgesondert und untersucht bzw. in Quarantäne gebracht werden.This embodiment is particularly preferred because of the very simple construction, because no separate temperature sensor is used, the signal of which would have to be encoded in a coding device. Since the capacitor, which is already present in the transmitter resonant circuit, is also used as a temperature sensor, it is influenced by that which occurs when the temperature fluctuates Capacity change immediately the frequency of the transmitter resonant circuit. This change in frequency is recorded in the receiver oscillation circuit and immediately shows a change in temperature in the animal body. The animal in question can be immediately separated from the herd and examined or quarantined.
Vorzugsweise bildet der Senderkondensator den Temperatursensor, während der durch die Speichermatrix zuschaltbare Modulationskondensator einen Identifikationscode für jedes einzelne Tier liefert.The transmitter capacitor preferably forms the temperature sensor, while the modulation capacitor which can be activated by the memory matrix supplies an identification code for each individual animal.
Eine besonders hohe Temperaturempfindlichkeit des als Temperatursensor eingesetzten Kondensators wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß als Dielektrikum Bariumtitanat verwendet wird.A particularly high temperature sensitivity of the capacitor used as a temperature sensor is achieved according to the invention in that barium titanate is used as the dielectric.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß die Senderspule einen Ferritkern enthält und gemeinsam mit dem Sender von einer flüssigkeitsdichten Schale umschlossen ist, die an einem Ende des Ferritkerns einen "Auftriebskörper bildet. Wenn die so beschaffene Vorrichtung in den Verdauungstrakt eines Rindes gebracht wird, bleibt sie im Magen in aufrechter Stellung, so daß gewährleistet ist, daß die Senderspule ihre vorgebene senkrechte Stellung beibehält. Der Empfänger kann daher optimal zu der Senderspule ausgerichtet v/erden und beispielsweise in einer Bodenplatte in einem Durchlaß für das Vieh untergebracht werden.According to a further embodiment it is provided that the transmitter coil contains a ferrite core and is enclosed together with the transmitter by a liquid-tight shell which forms a " buoyancy body at one end of the ferrite core. When the device thus obtained is placed in the digestive tract of a cow, remains in the stomach in an upright position so as to ensure that the transmitter coil maintains its predetermined vertical position. The receiver can therefore be optimally aligned with the transmitter coil and accommodated, for example, in a base plate in a passage for the livestock.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an einemThe invention is based on one
Ausführungsbeispiel-näher erläutert, das in der Zeichnung dargestellt ist. Es zeigt:Embodiment explained in more detail, which is shown in the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1 einen in einen Tierkörper einbringbaren Sender zur Übermittlung der Körpertemperatur und Fig. 2 ein stark vereinfachtes Schaltbild dieses Senders und des zugeordneten Empfängers.Fig. 1 can be introduced into an animal body transmitter for transmitting the body temperature and Fig. 2 is a highly simplified circuit diagram of this transmitter and the associated receiver.
Der in Fig. 1 in einem vereinfachten Schnitt dargestellte Sender -1 ist dazu bestimmt, in den Verdauungstrakt eines Rindes eingesetzt zu werden. Der Sender enthält eine Senderspule 2, die einen Ferritkern 3 :umgibt. Am oberen stirnseitigen Ende des Ferritkerns 3 sind ein integrierter Schaltkreis 4 und ein Senderkondensator 5 angebracht.The transmitter -1 shown in Fig. 1 in a simplified section is intended to be used in the digestive tract of a cattle. The transmitter includes a transmitter coil 2, the ferrite core 3: surrounds. At the upper end of the ferrite core 3, an integrated circuit 4 and a transmitter capacitor 5 are attached.
Eine flussigkeitsdichte Schale 6 umschließt den Sender und bildet an dessen oberen Ende einen Hohlraum 7 als Auftriebskörper, der dafür sorgt, daß der Sender im Magen des Rindes, der Flüssigkeit enthält, aufrecht schwimmend ausgerichtet bleibt.A liquid-tight shell 6 surrounds the transmitter and forms at its upper end a cavity 7 as a buoyancy body, which ensures that the transmitter remains upright floating in the cattle's stomach, which contains liquid.
Fig. 2 zeigt den grundsätzlichen Schaltungsaufbau des Senders 1.2 shows the basic circuit structure of the transmitter 1.
Eine Speichermatrix 8, eine Steuerungseinrichtung 9 und ein durch einen Schalter 10 zuschaltbarer Modulationskondensator 11 bilden den integrierten Schaltkreis 4. Die Senderspule 2, der Senderkondensator 5 und der Modulationskondensator 11 sind parallel geschaltet und bilden einen Senderschwingkreis 12, dessen Eigenfrequenz von der Kapazität der Kondensatoren 5 und 11 abhängt.A memory matrix 8, a control device 9 and a modulation capacitor 11 which can be activated by a switch 10 form the integrated circuit 4. The transmitter coil 2, the transmitter capacitor 5 and the modulation capacitor 11 are connected in parallel and form a transmitter resonant circuit 12, the natural frequency of which depends on the capacitance of the capacitors 5 and 11 depends.
In einem ortsfest, beispielsweise unter einem Durchlaß für das Vieh angeordneten Empf nger 13 ist eine Erregerspule 14 angeordnet, die durch einen Spulentreiber 15 mit einer vorgegebenen festen Frequenz beaufschlagt wird. Eine Empfangsspule 16 bildet mit einem Kondensator 17 einen Empfängerschwingkreis 18, in dem ein Widerstand 19 parallel zum Kondensator 17 geschaltet ist. Der Empfängerschwingkreis 18 ist über einen Komparator 20 mit einem Zähler 21 verbunden, der ein Ausgangssignal an eine Ausgangsleitung 22 liefert.In a stationary, for example under a passage for the cattle receiver 13, an excitation coil 14 is arranged, which is acted upon by a coil driver 15 with a predetermined fixed frequency. A receiving coil 16 forms one with a capacitor 17 Receiver resonant circuit 18, in which a resistor 19 is connected in parallel to the capacitor 17. The receiver resonant circuit 18 is connected via a comparator 20 to a counter 21, which supplies an output signal to an output line 22.
Auf die Erregerspule 14 werden abwechselnd positive und negative Spannungsimpulse geschaltet. .Wenn der Sender 1 und der Empfänger 13 nahe genug beieinander angeordnet sind, sind die drei Spulen 2, 14 und 16 magnetisch gekoppelt. Der durch die Senderspule 2 und den Senderkondensator 5 gebildete Schwingkreis wird durch kurze Stromimpulse in der Erregerspule 14 angerregt. Wenn durch den integrierten Schaltkreis 4 der Modulationskondensator 11 zugeschaltet wird, verringert sich die Frequenz des Senderschwingkreises 12. Das Zuschalten des Modulationskondensators 11 wird abhängig von den in der Speichermatrix 8 gespeicherten Werten gesteuert. Der Modulationskondensator 11 ist ein auf dem Chip integrierter Kondensator. Genaugenommen ist er nur die normalerweise unerwünschte Gate-Source-Kapazität eines Großflächigen Feldeffektransistors. Der Senderkondensator 5 dagegen wird als Bauteil eingelötet und kann deshalb ausgetauscht v/erden.Positive and negative voltage pulses are alternately connected to the excitation coil 14. When the transmitter 1 and the receiver 13 are arranged close enough, the three coils 2, 14 and 16 are magnetically coupled. The resonant circuit formed by the transmitter coil 2 and the transmitter capacitor 5 is excited by short current pulses in the excitation coil 14. If the modulation capacitor 11 is switched on by the integrated circuit 4, the frequency of the transmitter resonant circuit 12 is reduced. The switching on of the modulation capacitor 11 is controlled as a function of the values stored in the memory matrix 8. The modulation capacitor 11 is a capacitor integrated on the chip. Strictly speaking, it is only the normally undesirable gate-source capacitance of a large-area field-effect transistor. The transmitter capacitor 5, however, is soldered as a component and can therefore be exchanged.
Der durch die Empfangsspule 16 und den Kondensator 17 gebildete Empfängerschwingkreis schwingt durch die magnetische Kopplung mit der Senderspule 2 auf der selben Frequenz wie diese. Die Resonanzfrequenzen der einzelnen Schwingkreise sind durch die magnetische Kopplung der Spulen voneinander abhängig. Die Resonanzfrequenz des Senderschwingkreises 12 (Fig. 2) wird nicht nur von den Kapazitäten der Kondensatoren 5 und 11 und der Induktivität der Spule 2 bestimmt, sondern auch noch durch die Induktivitäten der Spulen 14 und 16. Die Aufgabe der Erregerspule ist es, das ganze Schwingkreissystem anzuregen, aber ihm keine Frequenz aufzuprägen. Deshalb wird die Schaltung so ausgelegt, daß nur kurze Stromimpulse durch die Erregerspule 14 fließen. Der Komparator 20 erfaßt die Nulldurchgänge des Signals, die in dem nachgeschalteten Zähler 21 gezählt werden. Wenn der Zähler 21 eine feste Zahl von Nulldurchgängen gezählt hat, veranlaßt er den Spulentreiber 15, einen neuen Erregerimpuls abzugeben. Die Zeit, die der Zähler 21 braucht, um eine feste Zahl von Nulldurchgängen zu zählen, ist ein Maß für die Frequenz, mit der das ganze System schwingt.The receiver resonant circuit formed by the receiving coil 16 and the capacitor 17 oscillates at the same frequency as this due to the magnetic coupling with the transmitter coil 2. The resonance frequencies of the individual resonant circuits are dependent on one another due to the magnetic coupling of the coils. The resonance frequency of the transmitter resonant circuit 12 (FIG. 2) is determined not only by the capacitances of the capacitors 5 and 11 and the inductance of the coil 2, but also by the inductances of the coils 14 and 16. The task of the excitation coil is to do the whole To stimulate the resonant circuit system, but not to impose a frequency on it. Therefore the circuit is designed so that only short current pulses flow through the excitation coil 14. The comparator 20 detects the zero crossings of the signal, which are counted in the downstream counter 21. When the counter 21 has counted a fixed number of zero crossings, it causes the coil driver 15 to emit a new excitation pulse. The time it takes counter 21 to count a fixed number of zero crossings is a measure of the frequency at which the whole system vibrates.
Die in der Speichermatrix 8 mit einer Kapazität von 64 Bit gespeicherten Daten sind nach dem Manchestercode kodiert. Ein Datenzyklus ist immer gleichlang. Er besteht entweder aus einer kurzen und einer langen batenphase, um eine "1" zu übertragen, oder aus einer langen und einer kurzen Datenphase, um eine "0" zu Übertragen.The data stored in the memory matrix 8 with a capacity of 64 bits are encoded according to the Manchester code. A data cycle is always the same length. It consists of either a short and a long data phase to transmit a "1", or a long and a short data phase to transmit a "0".
Der Widerstand 1 dient dazu, die Empfindlichkeit des Empfängerschwingkreises 18 herabzusetzen. Dies ist notwendig, da abhängig vom Zustand des Schalters 10 zwei verschiedene Frequenzen übertragen v/erden müssen.The resistor 1 serves to reduce the sensitivity of the receiver resonant circuit 18. This is necessary because, depending on the state of the switch 10, two different frequencies have to be transmitted / ground.
Die Datenübertragung geschieht dadurch, daß zwei verschiedene Frequenzen übertragen werden. Um die Daten zu detektieren, müssen diese beiden Frequenzen gemessen werden. Dazu dient der Zähler 21 , der eine feste Anzal von Nulldurchgängen des empfangenen Signals zählt. Die Zeit, die der Zähler 21 braucht, um eine feste Anzahl von Nulldurchgängen zu zählen, ist ein Maß für die Frequenz. Die nachfolgende Schaltung, die das Datensignal am Ausgang 22 auswertet, mißt diese Zeiten. Die Daten v/erden durch einen Vergleich dieser Zeiten gewonnen, denn das entspricht einem Frequenzvergleich. Um jetzt aber die Temperatur zu messen, müssen nicht die Zeitdifferenzen sondern die absoluten Zeitwerte gemessen und zur Anzeige gebracht werden. Ein fehlender negativer Erregerimpuls wird vom Sender 1 als Reset-Signal aufgefaßt und startet die Datenübertragung erneut. Dadurch kann das System in einen definierten Anfangszustand gebracht v/erden.The data transmission takes place in that two different frequencies are transmitted. In order to detect the data, these two frequencies must be measured. This is done by the counter 21, which counts a fixed number of zero crossings of the received signal. The time it takes the counter 21 to count a fixed number of zero crossings is a measure of the frequency. The subsequent circuit, which evaluates the data signal at output 22, measures these times. The data are obtained by comparing these times, because this corresponds to a frequency comparison. In order to measure the temperature now, it is not the time differences but the absolute time values that must be measured and displayed. A missing negative excitation pulse is interpreted by transmitter 1 as a reset signal and starts the data transmission again. This allows the system to be brought into a defined initial state.
Diese Schaltungen des Senders 1 und des Empfängers 13 sind auch in der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 87 103 573.9 enhalten.These circuits of the transmitter 1 and the receiver 13 are also contained in the European patent application EP 87 103 573.9.
Der Senderkondensator 5 im passiven Sender 1 enthält als Dielektrikum Bariumtitanat, so daß der Senderkondensator temperaturabhängig ist. Die Dielektrizitätskonstante von Bariumtitanat ist wegen des physikalischen Effektes der Curie-Temperatur temperaturabhängig. Da der gesamte Sender 1 und somit auch der Senderkondensator 5 die Körpertemperatur des Rindes annehmen, in dessen Körper sich der Sender 1 befindet, ändert sich die Frequenz des Senderschwingkreises 12 in Abhängigkeit von der Körpertemperatur. Die im Empfängerschwingkreis 18 festgestellte, von- der Senderspule 2 übertragene Frequenz stellt somit ein Maß für die Körpertemperatur dar. The transmitter capacitor 5 in the passive transmitter 1 contains barium titanate as the dielectric, so that the transmitter capacitor is temperature-dependent. The dielectric constant of barium titanate is temperature dependent due to the physical effect of the Curie temperature. Since the entire transmitter 1 and thus also the transmitter capacitor 5 assume the body temperature of the cattle, in whose body the transmitter 1 is located, the frequency of the transmitter resonant circuit 12 changes depending on the body temperature. The frequency ascertained in the receiver oscillating circuit 18 and transmitted by the transmitter coil 2 thus represents a measure of the body temperature.

Claims

Vorrichtung zur Übermittlung von Daten aus einem Tierkör erP a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Device for transmitting data from a carcass patent claims
1. Vorrichtung zur Übermittlung von Daten aus einem Tierkörper mit einem in den Tierkörper einsetzbaren passiven Sender, der einen aus einer Senderspule' und mindestens einem Senderkondensator bestehenden Senderschwingkreis aufweist, und mit einem Empfänger, der eine Erregerspule und eine Empfangsspule aufweist, die mit einem Kondensator einen Empfängerschwingkreis bildet, wobei im Senderschwingkreis ein dessen Frequenz verändernder Modulationskondensator zuschaltbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Senderschwingkreis (12) ein kodiertes Signal aufgeprägt wird, das von einem eine physikalische oder chemische Meßgröße am Tierkörper erfassenden Sensor (5) geliefert wird.1. Device for transmission of data from an animal body with a in the animal body insertable passive transmitter comprising one of a transmitter coil 'and at least one transmitter capacitor existing transmitter resonant circuit, and a receiver having an excitation coil and a receiving coil with a capacitor forms a receiver resonant circuit, a modulating capacitor changing its frequency being connectable in the transmitter resonant circuit, characterized in that a coded signal is impressed on the transmitter resonant circuit (12), which signal is supplied by a sensor (5) which detects a physical or chemical measured variable on the animal body.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein von dem Sensor geliefertes analoges Signal in einem Analog-Digital-Wandler in ein digital kodiertes elektrisches Signal oder eine Frequenz umgewandelt und zur Modulation des Senderschwingkreises verwendet wird. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that an analog signal supplied by the sensor is converted in an analog-to-digital converter into a digitally coded electrical signal or a frequency and is used to modulate the transmitter resonant circuit.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens einer der Kondensatoren (5, 11) im Senderschwingkreis (12) ein Dielektrikum mit temperaturabhängiger Dielektrizitätskonstante enthält und als Temperatursensor verwendet wird.3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the capacitors (5, 11) in the transmitter resonant circuit (12) contains a dielectric with a temperature-dependent dielectric constant and is used as a temperature sensor.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Senderkondensator (5) den Temper tursensor bildet.4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the transmitter capacitor (5) forms the temper ture sensor.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Dielektrikum Bariumtitanat verwendet wird.5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that barium titanate is used as the dielectric.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Senderspule (2) einen Ferritkern (3) enthält und gemeinsam mit dem Sender (1 ) von einer flussigkeitsdichten Schale (6) umschlossen ist, die an einem Ende des Ferritkerns (3) einen Auftriebskörper (7) bildet. 6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the transmitter coil (2) contains a ferrite core (3) and is enclosed together with the transmitter (1) by a liquid-tight shell (6) which at one end of the ferrite core (3) Buoyancy body (7) forms.
PCT/EP1988/000655 1987-08-08 1988-07-20 Device for transmitting data from an animal body WO1989001722A1 (en)

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WO1993014474A1 (en) * 1992-01-20 1993-07-22 Rso Corporation N.V. Method and device for electronic identification
EP0562292A1 (en) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-29 Angewandte Digital Elektronik GmbH Remote transmission contactless chip card
DE9411481U1 (en) * 1994-01-18 1994-09-22 GEA Till GmbH & Co, 65830 Kriftel Control keg for function monitoring of filling systems for containers and systems with such a control keg
DE4317340A1 (en) * 1993-05-25 1994-12-01 Spieshofer Guenther Method of identifying ruminants, in particular cattle
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DE4143561C2 (en) * 1990-08-03 1998-01-29 Bio Medic Data Systems Inc Passive transponder suitable for implantation in a host
EP0897662A1 (en) * 1997-08-22 1999-02-24 Innotek Pet Products, Inc. Ingestible animal temperature sensor
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US7109933B2 (en) 2004-03-08 2006-09-19 Pentax Corporation Wearable jacket having communication function, and endoscope system employing wearable jacket
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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8717887U1 (en) * 1986-07-23 1991-02-28 Wacom Co., Ltd., Saitama Position indicator
DE4143561C2 (en) * 1990-08-03 1998-01-29 Bio Medic Data Systems Inc Passive transponder suitable for implantation in a host
WO1993014474A1 (en) * 1992-01-20 1993-07-22 Rso Corporation N.V. Method and device for electronic identification
US5551158A (en) * 1992-01-20 1996-09-03 Rso Corporation N.V. Method for measuring position and angle
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EP0562292A1 (en) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-29 Angewandte Digital Elektronik GmbH Remote transmission contactless chip card
DE4317340A1 (en) * 1993-05-25 1994-12-01 Spieshofer Guenther Method of identifying ruminants, in particular cattle
DE9411481U1 (en) * 1994-01-18 1994-09-22 GEA Till GmbH & Co, 65830 Kriftel Control keg for function monitoring of filling systems for containers and systems with such a control keg
DE4441083C1 (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-11-28 Ingo Prof Dr Ing Wolff Fever monitoring appts. for continually monitoring temp. of patient in intensive care
US5937789A (en) * 1995-07-06 1999-08-17 Sepr Australia Pty. Ltd. Animal identification device for oral administration
EP0897662A1 (en) * 1997-08-22 1999-02-24 Innotek Pet Products, Inc. Ingestible animal temperature sensor
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US7001329B2 (en) 2002-07-23 2006-02-21 Pentax Corporation Capsule endoscope guidance system, capsule endoscope holder, and capsule endoscope
US7465271B2 (en) 2003-09-01 2008-12-16 Hoya Corporation Capsule endoscope
US7109933B2 (en) 2004-03-08 2006-09-19 Pentax Corporation Wearable jacket having communication function, and endoscope system employing wearable jacket

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