Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
  • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
  • F02M37/0011—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor
  • F02M37/0017—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor related to fuel pipes or their connections, e.g. joints or sealings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
  • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
  • F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
  • F16L58/10—Coatings characterised by the materials used by rubber or plastics
  • F16L58/1054—Coatings characterised by the materials used by rubber or plastics the coating being placed outside the pipe
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
  • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
  • F16L59/145—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems providing fire-resistance
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
  • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
  • F16L59/153—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems for flexible pipes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
  • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for the provision of fire and corrosion protected objects, preferably pipe and/or pipe systems.
• the present invention relates to a method for the provision of substantially pipe- or hose-shaped fire protec ⁇ ted objects, preferably a conduit conducting fuel from a source to a consumption apparatus, for example a propulsion motor in a vessel, especially a driving vehicle.
• the invention also relates to fire and corrosion protected objects, as well as substantially pipe- or hose-shaped pro ⁇ tected objects.
• conduit conducting fuel from the gasoline tank to the motor is very well protected against fire, such that the gasoline supply system remains a protected system as long as possible after the occurence of a fire on the vessel or in the vehicle.
• An object of the present invention is to give instructions for fire and corrosion protected articles , preferably pipes and/or pipe systems which are just a ⁇ applicable as steel pipes as regards corrosion resistance and heat resistance, said articles according to the present invention enabling the production thereof from inexpensive material, alowing for installation in the form of pre-fabricated elements, and alowing for a simplified control and maintenance of the installed articles. Further, an object of the present invention is to give in ⁇ structions for substantially pipe- or hose-shaped fire pro ⁇ tected articles, which especially in connection with the supply of fuel from a source to a consumption apparatus, for example a propulsion motor on a vessel, should be able to resist high temperatures and the effect of flames in case of fire in the motor or the vessel.
• the fire protected article should also be flexible, or at least bendable for thereby allowing for the mounting thereof without bending the conduit with special tools. Further, the article might be manufactured from relatively inexpensive materials, for example in running lengths which are delivered in finished fire protected condition to the place of installation.
• the objects are achieved in a method accor ⁇ ding to the art as stated in the preamble, which according to the invention is characterized in that around a substan ⁇ tially bendable plastic pipe there is applied a first layer of insulation having a relatively low heating conductance in a lower temperature range (approximately 100-300 C) , and that around the first layer of insulation there is applied a second layer of a fire resistant material which at higher temperatures (approximately 300-900 C) renders a fire protecting effect.
• a corrosion resistant plastic can be taken as a starting point, more specifically a polymer, for example glass fiber reinforced epoxy or poly- ester. Even if such plastic materials are corrosion resis- tant, they have so to say no protection against high tempe ⁇ ratures which develop during a fire, especially not in connection with hydrocarbon fires, wherein the temperature can reach 1500 C or more.
• mineral wool will have good fire protecting pro ⁇ perties up to 400 C, whereas in the range between 400 C and 800 C it loses its fire protecting property, since the binding material between the mineral fibers are destruc- ted and the mineral wool loses its original filament struc ⁇ ture. Because the mineral wool is surrounded by a skin of the fire resistant thermo plastic ceramic material it will, however, at higher temperatures than 800 C, for example in the temperature range 1100-1200 C convert to a ceramic stable fire protecting phase contributing to keeping the mineral wool in a temperture range wherein the mineral wool retains its heat insulating properties.
• a further fire retardent insulation of the inner pipe there may between the light, thermally insulating material and said pipe be provided a further layer of said fire resistant material.
• a metal foil as a radiation screen, a layer of glass fiber tape, steel wire or a sealing and chemical resistant layer of foil or varnish.
• the fire resistant material may be provided in the form of tape, which is advantageously in the pre-fabri- cation of fire-insulated pipe-lengths.
• pre-fabricated fire insulated pipe- lengths may be brought direct to the place of installation for the mounting there, whereas for the protection of pipe flanges, T-pieces , pipe bends, etc. there may preferably be provided moulded or extruded elements of the fire resistant material, said elements being provided as shells which are lined with an appropriate light weight insulation.
• These lined shells including fire resistant material in the form of tape can, both as regards the pre-fabrication and the keeping together of the shell-shaped insulation parts, be sealed by means of heat, for example a hot air stream.
• fire and corrosion protected articles not only may comprise pipe-shaped articles or pipe systems as such, but can also comprise containers, walls, plates, etc., all having regard to the field of application in which the articles are to be protected against fire and corrosion.
• the first layer of insulation may be constituted by for example glass fiber implemented as tape or woven texture, whereas the second layer of insulation may be con ⁇ stituted by a fire resistant material which at higher tempe ⁇ ratures renders a ceramic stable fire protecting phase.
• the outermost layer will more rapidly reach the higher temperature at which it is converted from a good thermally conducting mass, to its expanding phase and finally to the phase wherein it develops a ceramic stable fire protecting material.
• a foamed thermally insulating mate- rial which at higher temperatures renders a fire resistant effect
• the second layer of insulation at the same time still constituting a non-foamed layer of fire resistant material which at higher temperatures renders a stable ceramic fire protecting phase.
• the foamed inner layer consti ⁇ tutes a relatively good heat barrier in the lower tempera ⁇ ture range, i.e. in the range of approximately 100-300 C, such that the outer layer will rapidly be heated to higher temperatures, i.e. approximately 300-900 C and higher, for thereby more rapidly to be converted to its cell-shaped ceramic structure forming an especially good fire protecting cover.
• the foaming of the inner insulation layer may for example be such that this material achieves a density of approximately 1,0, whereas the non-foamed outer layer can be given a den ⁇ sity of approximately 1,5. It is to be understood that these values may be altered within wide limits, both individually and mutually.
• insula ⁇ ting material comprising an inner layer of glass fiber, an intermediate layer of foamed fire resistant material, and an outer layer of fire resistant material which at higher tem ⁇ peratures than approximately 800-900 C renders a ceramic stable and fire protecting phase, together with the foamed intermediate layer.
• the foamed qualities may comprise glass fibers, the contents of glass fibers and foaming agents being varied within wide limits. If such a transportation conduit for for example fuel is mounted within a stiff shell, it could be appropriate be ⁇ tween the layers of insulation and the stiff shell to pro ⁇ vide a layer of woven glass fiber and fabrics which can burn away under the influence of high temperature, the fabrice at the same time allowing for the swelling of the insulating material to twice its volume during a fire. The insulating material may then reach its fully foamed ceramic condition without changing the physical outer dimensions of the encap ⁇ sulated pipe.
• fire protected articles according to the present invention will comprise features as disclosed above, and as appearing from the further appended patent claims.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a pipe-shaped article which is insulated in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a pipe-shaped article which is insulated in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention .
• Fig. 3 is an end view of a pipe- or hose-shaped fire protec ⁇ ted article in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention .
• Fig. 4 is an end view of a pipe- or hose-shaped article insulated in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention .
• Fig. 5 is an end view of a pipe- or hose-shaped article insulated in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the invention.
• reference numeral 1 designates an inner pipe of corrosion resistant material, for example a polymer plastic.
• the pipe may be manufactured from a glass fiber reinforced epoxy or polyester.
• the pipe 1 there is provided a layer of light, thermally insulating material which normally does not stand the exposure to fire, for example glass wool, ceramic fiber or mineral wool.
• the layer of insulating material 2 may be mineral wool, applied to the pipe 1 in the form of semi-circular-shaped elements having approximately the same inner diameter as the outer diameter of the pipe.
• a fire resistant material 3 said material being applied in three layers 3a, 3b, 3c, respectively.
• the appli ⁇ cation in layers of the fire resistant material 3 may pre ⁇ ferably be realized by a wrapping of the fire resistant material in the form of tape, the tape-shape being illustra ⁇ ted by reference numeral 3n in Figure 1.
• the plastic pipe 10 is covered directly with a fire resis- tant material 13, said material being applied in two layers, here 13a and 13b, preferably in the form a tape 13n.
• a needle mat 20 which in turn is surrounded by an outer layer of fire resistant material 23, here in the shape of two layers 23a and 23b applied in the form of tape 23n.
• a glass fiber tape 14 Outside the layers 23a and 23b of fire resistant material there is provided a glass fiber tape 14.
• the embodiment according to Figure 2 differs from the embodiment according to Figure 1 only by comprising a further inner layer of fire resistant material.
• the discussed embodiments may include an aluminium foil as a radiation screen, possibly a steel net, depending on the existing circumstances at the place of installation.
• thermoly well insulating inner materials for example glass wool, ceramic fibers or mineral wool, which normally do not resist exposion to fire at higher temperatures, or which lose their good heat insulating properties at higher temperatures.
• Higher temperatures are to be understood as 800 C and higher, as for example in connection with hydrocarbon fires.
• a fire resistant material which at higher temperatures than approximately 800 C renders a ceramic stable and fire protecting phase, this combination will in case of fire render a temperature which in the interphase between the fire resistant material and the light, thermally insulating material will not exceed values rendering the light, thermally insulating material ineffec- tiv as heat insulator.
• the fire resis ⁇ tant material can protect the elements accommodated inside thereof at temperatures above 1500 C.
• the fire resistant material constitutes a very effective heat insulator during the phase transitions, i.e. from being an approximately plastic material at temperatures below 200 C, to become a porous, thermally insulating material at temperatures above 200 C, and to a ceramic- like material at temperatures of approximately 1200 C and higher.
• the insulation can in connection with the fire resistant material be made substantially thinner than in connection with alternative methods .
• the endo- thermic heat capasity of the material is utilized in a very favourable manner in case of fire.
• the inner layer can then as long as the endothermic reaction persists, be stabilized thermally at activation temperature for hydrates constitut ⁇ ing a component of the fire resistant material.
• the fire resistant material may comprise 60- 100 parts of weight of a thermoplast, 50-450 parts of weight of aluminum hydroxide and 150-600 parts of weight of calsium carbonate and/or calsium magnesium carbonate.
• the material comprises ethylen vinyl acetate.
• the fire resistant material may comprise an elasticiser, a lubricating agent, and antioxidant agent.
• the reference numeral 31 designates an inner pipe or a hose which is made from plastic, for example nylon. It is to be understood that the inner pipe can of course be manufactured from other kinds of plastic, for example glass fiber reinforced epoxy or polyester.
• a layer of glass fiber 32 which has a good insulating property at relatively low temperature, i.e. in the area of approximately 100-300 C.
• a fire resistant material 33 outside the low temperature insulating layer 32 there is provided a fire resistant material 33 , said fire resistant material having good heating conductivity at temperatures below approximately 200 C, whereas the material exhibits high heat and flame resistance at temperatures above for example 900 C.
• the outer layer 33 will in first instance constitute a good heat conductor, whereas the inner insulating layer 32 will constitute a heat barrier, which in turn will entail that the outer layer 33 rapidly will be given a high temperature which results in that the material is converted to a cell-shaped, ceramic structure rendering superior flame retardent properties, all the way up to 1500°C.
• an inner pipe or an inner hose 31, for example of nylon being surrounded by a first layer of insulating material, here foamed insulating material 33a of the above discussed type, which at higher temperatures, above approximately 300-900 C renders a fire resistant effect. Since the plastic/ceramic material 33a is foamed, it will already at a temperature of approximately 100-300 C develop a relatively low heat conductance capacity, such that it rapidly will form a heat barrier against the inter- nal nylon hose 31, in case a fire should occur.
• the outer insulating layer 33 which is a non-foamed plastic/ceramic mixture having good heating conducting properties below approxi ⁇ mately 200 C but a high fire resistant effect at tempera ⁇ tures above approximately 300-900 C, will rapidly gain a temperature at which it is converted from its plastic-like consistency at lower temperatures, i.e. lower than approxi ⁇ mately 90 C, via its swelling, water expelling condition in the range 90-200 C, for thereafter rapidly to be con ⁇ verted to its rigid cellular ceramic form at approximately 900 C, for thereby defining a heat resistant outer cellu ⁇ lar cover.
• the first insulating layer 33a may for example be foamed to render a density of approximately 1, whereas the outer insu ⁇ lating layer 33 which is to be destignated as non-foamed, may have a density of approximately 1,5-1,8. It is to be understood that the degree of foaming can vary within wide limits, and it is also to be understood that the foamed material 33a may have added thereto other fire insulating materials, for example glass fibers or similar.
• Figure 5 there is illustrated a fifth embodiment of the invention, the inner nylon pipe 31 here being surrounded by a fire retardent plastic/ceramic material 33, said latter layer 33 having provided therearound a layer 34 ⁇ f a mate ⁇ rial which is capable of absorbing the swelling which is implied to the plastic/ceramic layer 33 during a fire.
• the layer 34 may for example be an appropriate fabric or a woven glass fiber which has a filling percentage depending on the thickness of the plastic/ceramic compound 33 arranged inter ⁇ nally thereof, which during a fire swells to approximately 2 times its original volume.
• a part of the plastic/ceramic material may be foamed, and then prefer ⁇ ably in a layer which faces the inner hose 31.
• the fire resistant plastic/ceramic material may also here comprise 60-100 parts of weight of a ther o plastic material, 50-450 parts of weight of aluminum hydrox ⁇ ide and 150-600 parts of weight of calsium carbonate and/or calsium-magnesium carbonate.
• the fire resistant mate ⁇ rial may comprise a softening agent, a lubricating agent, a colouring agent and possibly an antioxidant agent.
• the fire resistant material may be brought about in a more or less foamed condition, the foamed qualities comprising glass fiber filaments and foaming agent of various quantities and qualities.
• the glass fiber fila ⁇ ments may for example be provided together with other glass qualities, for example glass frit.
• the fire resistant mate- riale may possibly comprise fatty acids and phosphate esters in suitable quantities.
• the convertion phace of the material during a fire can be varied within appropriate limits.
• the fire resistant material will under the influence of temperatures larger then 90 C be subjected to a softening process, whereas the material at temperatures exceeding 200 C will be subjected to swelling, at the same time as water is repelled.
• temperatures above 300 C the polymer will be subjected to pyrolysis, and in the tempera ⁇ ttuurree rraannggee 330000--550000°CC oorr 330000--600 C an organic residual materials will be developed
• the temperature of the material exceeds 800-900 C there will be formed a relatively sturdy cellular ceramic, which will have fire retardent qualities up to 1500 C.
• the material is a good thermal conductor in its origi- b nal state, whereas at temperatures above 200 C, due to expelled water, it will constitute a good thermal insula ⁇ tion, whilst at the same time swelling to approximately 2 times its original size. In its cellular ceramic condition it renders good mechanical stability, the material also 0 being a flame barrier without expelling poisonous smoke or gass .
• the fire resistant material is converted from having approximately thermoplastic properties at room temperature, 5 in which the thermal conductivity is approximately 0,7 w/mc, and to a cellular ceramic having a thermal conductivity of approximately 0,07 w/mc.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Thermal Insulation (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26648002

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (55)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (18)

• 1987
  • 1987-03-25 NO NO871253A patent/NO167687C/no unknown
• 1988
  • 1988-01-05 US US07/246,663 patent/US4942903A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1988-01-05 EP EP88900667A patent/EP0299008A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1988-01-05 WO PCT/NO1988/000001 patent/WO1988005885A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1988-01-05 JP JP63500759A patent/JPH01502209A/ja active Pending
  • 1988-09-27 FI FI884422A patent/FI884422A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1988-09-29 KR KR1019880701225A patent/KR890700783A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (4)

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