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WO1988000990A1 - Particulate water dispersible free flowing fabric softener composition and process for making same - Google Patents

Particulate water dispersible free flowing fabric softener composition and process for making same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988000990A1
WO1988000990A1 PCT/US1986/001582 US8601582W WO8800990A1 WO 1988000990 A1 WO1988000990 A1 WO 1988000990A1 US 8601582 W US8601582 W US 8601582W WO 8800990 A1 WO8800990 A1 WO 8800990A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
processing aid
composition
alkyl group
polyoxyalkylene derivative
formula
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1986/001582
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Leonard Hughes
James G. Fuller
William J. Zeman
Original Assignee
Leonard Hughes
Fuller James G
Zeman William J
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leonard Hughes, Fuller James G, Zeman William J filed Critical Leonard Hughes
Priority to JP50441686A priority Critical patent/JPH01500282A/en
Priority to PCT/US1986/001582 priority patent/WO1988000990A1/en
Priority to EP19860905056 priority patent/EP0274468A4/en
Publication of WO1988000990A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988000990A1/en

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/001Softening compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/835Mixtures of non-ionic with cationic compounds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/188Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/46Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
    • D06M13/467Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms derived from polyamines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/62Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C11D1/721End blocked ethers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/74Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

  • This invention relates to water dispersible, free flowing solid softening compositions for textiles and textile fibers, and a process for their manufacture.
  • Aqueous pastes are by their nature incapable of being incorporated into powdered laundry products, without deleteriously affecting the free flowing characteristics of such products. Further, aqueous pastes or dispersions suffer from handling, storing, packaging, and shipping disadvantages.
  • aqueous dispersions suffer from the inherent problems of aqueous pastes, and in addition, require the use of bulkier rigid metal or plastic shipping containers, which increases the cost of storage and transportation.
  • dialkyldiamido quaternary fabric softeners in particulate or powder form.
  • the physical properties of dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds e.g. ; high viscosity in the molten state; melting range, on the order of 100°C; and a decomposition temperature of about 120°C; are not conducive to preparation of particulates or powders.
  • the present invention is directed to a particulate, water dispersible, free flowing fabric softener composition.
  • a composition may be obtained by admixing an effective quantity of a processing aid, such as a polyoxyalkylene derivative, with a dialkyldiamido quaternary compound, melting them, and atomizing the molten mixture in conventional equipment appropriate for obtaining particulate material from a molten mixture.
  • the particulate product obtained permits the use of dialkyldiamido quaternary fabric softening compound in solid laundry products without altering their free flowing characteristics. Being a solid, the particulate product does not suffer from the physical handling drawbacks associated with pastes of dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds, while at the same time, being easily dispersed in water.
  • dialkyldiamido quaternary fabric softening compositions in the form of free flowing, water dispersable particulates or powders.
  • the art in the field of dialkyldiamido quatenary compounds which function well as fabric softeners is directed to non—powders, i.e., aqueous pastes or dispersions.
  • the physical properties of dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds are conducive to their preparation as aqueous pastes or dispersions and they are marketed and shipped to for ulators in these forms. _ , _
  • dialkyldiamido quaternary fabric softening compounds of this invention is taught e.g. , by U.S. Patent number 3,492,324.
  • fatty acids are reacted with diethylenetriamine in a mole ratio of 2:1.
  • the resulting dialkyldiamidoamine is methylated by reaction with formic acid and/or formaldehyde, and the resulting dialkylamidoethyl methylamine is quaternized with conventional reagents, e.g. , dimethyl sulfate.
  • benzyl chloride, methyl chloride and dimethylsulfate are suitable quaternizing agents for tertiary amines, such as the dialkyldiamidomethylamine described above.
  • methyl chloride may be reacted with secondary amines such as the dialkyldiamidoamine described above, in a mole ratio of 2:1 respectively, to produce a quaternary compound useful for fabric softening.
  • dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds In order for dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds to be more widely useful as fabric softeners, especially in free flowing laundry detergent compositions, and to overcome the problems inherent in shipment, storage and use as aqueous pastes and dispersions, a particulate form of the dialkyldiamido quaternary compound is desirable.
  • Conventional atomizing equipment to produce such particulates includes spray drying, spray congealing, and prilling devices among others. Spray drying and spray congealing, for example, necessitate pumping liquified quaternary compounds through narrow orifices under sufficient pressure to produce fine droplets; these processes have proven to be relatively expensive and operationally difficult.
  • the viscosity of the molten dialkyldiamido quaternary compound is such that it is incapable of being pumped neat at the maximum allowable temperature, i.e., the temperature of incipient decomposition. That is, at the maximum permissible temperature, the viscosity of the dialkyldiamido quaternary compound itself exceeds the physical limitations of conventional pumps, within the limits of economic practicality. Thus the pump cavitates or otherwise fails to transfer- the molten material from the input reservoir to the output. This condition is exacerbated when the output is a narrow constriction or orifice, as is the case in conventional atomization equipment.
  • Conventional atomization equipment includes devices such as spray nozzles, rotating disks, or shot towers. Some of these devices function by forcing a liquid through narrow orifices to produce fine droplets. The droplets solidify to form the particulate. Cooling, e.g., by means of refrigerated air or other gasses, may be provided to aid solidifcation of said droplets.
  • the range of particles in the particulate thus produced is nominally from 10 to 900 microns in diameter, with the preferred range for the use of this invention averaging from 100 to 300 microns in diameter.
  • the orifice sizes may range from about 0.1 to 5 millimeters in diameter.
  • fatty acid derived dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds which are ordinarily solids at room temperature, must be liquified to utilize atomization equipment and thus form a particulate.
  • Liquification of fatty acid derived dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds may be accomplished by heating to 100 to 120°C. Higher temperatures usually result in degradation of the product as evidenced by discoloration or browning.
  • the viscosity i.e., the ability to pass through an orifice, of di (hard tallow) dia ido quaternary compounds is extremely high, and has been measured at over 160,000 centipoises.
  • This viscosity is such as to incapacitate conventional mechanical pumps, within the limits of economic practicality, necessary to the atomization process, as has been described in the foregoing.
  • Attempts to reduce viscosity by means of increasing the temperature results in decomposition of the quaternary compound itself.
  • water could be added to dilute the molten mass, and thus reduce the viscosity.
  • additional water sufficient to facilitate pumping results in products with unacceptably high water content.
  • Tack may be evaluated by determining the force, in pounds, necessary to break a formed cake of the respective material. The cake is formed by compacting 450ml of product in a circular mold, 8.57cm in diamter and 12.7cm high, with a 9.98kg piston, at room temperature for 2 minutes.
  • Solvents other than water for example isopropyl alcohol, may be added to reduce the viscosity of the molten quaternary compound. Sufficient quantities of isopropyl alcohol to facilitate pumping also result in unacceptably high levels of "tack". Further, isopropyl alcohol, being flammable, presents additional problems in commercial scale equipment. There is an inherent explosion hazard, and the vaporized isopropyl alcohol must be recovered from the vapor state in an environmentally acceptable manner. The equipment required to accomplish this recovery, i.e. , by condensation, is both costly and cumbersome.
  • a particulate, free flowing water dispersible fabric softener composition may be obtained by conventional atomization techniques.
  • the addition of polyoxylalkylene derivatives significantly reduces the viscosity of the molten quaternary compound, facilitating atomization with conventional equipment, while not decreasing the free flowing characteristics or the dispersibility of the resultant particulate. This is evidenced by little significant change in either "tack" or dispersibility, when the polyoxyalkylene processing aid is incorporated into the dialkyldiamido quaternary compound.
  • the polyoxyalkylene derivative that we have found most advantageous as a processing aid is the reaction product of approximately 30 moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of the monoglyceryl ester of coconut fatty acids.
  • the preferred amount of this polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is 10" by weight of the quaternary compound. More or less of the polyoxyalkylene derivative may be effective as a processing aid; from about 3 percent to about 15 percent of the dialkyldiamido quaternary compound. Less than these amounts would tend to be ineffective in reducing viscosity and more would tend to increase the "tack" of the particulate.
  • polyoxyalkylene derivatives which have been shown to be advantageous as processing aids in varying percentages from about 3 to about 15 by weight of dialkyldiamido quaternary compound, include commercially available ethoxylated sorbitan oleate derivatives, and ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • the preferred fatty acid derived dialkyldiamido quaternary compound is that derived from hardened tallow fatty acids as in Example I below.
  • Dialkyldiaraidoethyl methyl ammonium methosulfate compound prepared from hardened tallow fatty acids was melted at 110°C and atomized through a nozzle having an orifice 1.2 microns in diameter at a pressure of 2000 psi.
  • the atomized droplets were congealed, in air., at a temperature of 15 to 21°C and a relative humidity of 50%.
  • the congealed particulate having a particle size range averaging from 100 to 300 microns in diameter was subsequently vacuum dried at 40°C to remove residual isopropanol, from the preparation of the quaternary compound.
  • Example 3 Chemical Company, Dublin, OH). The mixture was melted at 110°C and atomized through the identical equipment of Example 1. Only a small quantity of particulate was obtained before pumps and lines became plugged, rendering the equipment inoperable. Residual isopropanol from preparation of the quaternary compound was removed as in Example 1. E XAMPLE 3
  • Example 1 To 90 parts of the quaternary compound of the Example 1 were added 10 parts of isopropyl alcohol and 10 parts of ethoxylated sorbitan mono oleate, (Tween ® 80, ICI Americas, Wilmington, DL; 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitan mono oleate). The mixture was melted at 110°C, and atomized, congealed and vacuum dried as in Example 1.
  • Example 1 90 parts of the quaternary compound of Example I were admixed with 10 parts of ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols (Arosurf ® AA 66E-20, Sherex Chemical Company, Dublin, OH 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of isostearyl alcohol), and 10 parts of isopropyl alcohol. The mixture was melted at 110°C, atomized, congealed and dried as in Example 1.
  • ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols Rosurf ® AA 66E-20, Sherex Chemical Company, Dublin, OH 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of isostearyl alcohol
  • Example 1 without processing aid, overwhelmed the physical capability of the spray congealing equipment (See Example 1) .
  • Example 1 to 4 were determined by visual inspection of a mixture of 0.3 grams of product in 100 grams of water, after agitation at 32°C for 10 minutes. The results are presented in Table 2:
  • Unaccep able dispersions contain solid clumps and clear areas
  • the dispersibility of the particulate obtained by the use of a processing aid is significantly better than when no processing aid is present as in Example 1.
  • the "tack" of the particulate of Example 1 to 4 was evaluated by determining the force in kilograms necessary to break a formed cake of the resepective material.
  • the cake is formed by compacting 450 ml of product in a circular mold 8.57cm in diameter and 12.7cm high, with a 9.98kg piston, at room temperature for 2 minutes.
  • the results are presented in Table 3.
  • isopropanol significantly increases the "tack" i.e., reduces the ability of the particulate to flow freely while the preferred processing aids do not.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

The addition of up to 15 percent by weight of a polyoxyalkylene derivative to a fatty acid derived dialkylamido methyl amino quarternary compound, permits the atomization of the latter in conventional equipment. The resulting fabric softening product is in the desireable form of a free flowing solid, water dispersible powder.

Description

PARTICULATE WATER DISPERSIBLE FREE FLOWING FABRIC SOFTENER COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Field of Invention
This invention relates to water dispersible, free flowing solid softening compositions for textiles and textile fibers, and a process for their manufacture.
2. Description of the Related Art
The tendency for laundered textile fibers to acquire rigidity and static charges is most pronounced when the laundry product is a synthetic detergent. Stiffness of the fibers and static charges combine to impart a palpable harshness to the textile. Articles of clothing, bed linens and the like, possessing such harshness, are irritating to the skin and uncomfortable to wear. In addition, they tend to retain wrinkles and attract dirt and dust. These undesirable consequences of laundering have been overcome by the use of quaternary ammonium compounds, among others. Quaternary ammonium compounds are currently widely used to impart softness and pliability to the textile and to diminish static charges. Quaternary compound softeners may be a component of the laundry detergent, may be added separately to the wash water at some point in the laundry cycle, or dispensed in the dryer. _ „ _
- 2 -
The utility of quaternary salts of dialkyldiamidoamines , especially those derived from fatty acids, as softeners for textile fibers in laundry applications, and a method for their preparation, are set forth in U.S. Patent number
3,492,324. This patent teaches that the quaternary compounds are obtained as semi-solids or solids, which are admixed with appropriate quantities of water to form pastes.. These pastes, which are • "pourable", may then further be admixed with water to form dispersions suitable for incorporation onto textiles or textile fibers for the purpose of softening them.
Aqueous pastes are by their nature incapable of being incorporated into powdered laundry products, without deleteriously affecting the free flowing characteristics of such products. Further, aqueous pastes or dispersions suffer from handling, storing, packaging, and shipping disadvantages.
Problems inherent in the use of such aqueous systems include: storage instability due to changes in temperature, which result in the separation of the quaternary compound from the water; loss of water due to evaporation, which alters the concentration of softener in the mixture and results in non—uniform application of the softener. In order for formulators to use the paste itself, it must be removed from the container and dispersed with sufficient water to obtain a softening dispersion. Bulk dispensing of a paste under these cirmcumstances is physically difficult, and results in losses of paste itself and inaccurate dispensing of softening material. An alternative to the paste form of dialkyldiamido quaternary fabric softening compounds is as an aqueous dispersion. Such aqueous dispersions suffer from the inherent problems of aqueous pastes, and in addition, require the use of bulkier rigid metal or plastic shipping containers, which increases the cost of storage and transportation.
It is also known in the art that the dispersibility in water of such quaternary fabric softening compounds, and the stability of aqueous dispersions thereof, may be enhanced by the addition of fatty alcohols, e.g. U.S. Patent number 4,102,795.
The literature does not reveal the use of dialkyldiamido quaternary fabric softeners in particulate or powder form. The physical properties of dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds e.g. ; high viscosity in the molten state; melting range, on the order of 100°C; and a decomposition temperature of about 120°C; are not conducive to preparation of particulates or powders. We have, however, discovered a convenient method for the preparation of dialkyldiamido quaternary fabric softening compounds in the form of particulates or powders.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a particulate, water dispersible, free flowing fabric softener composition. Such a composition may be obtained by admixing an effective quantity of a processing aid, such as a polyoxyalkylene derivative, with a dialkyldiamido quaternary compound, melting them, and atomizing the molten mixture in conventional equipment appropriate for obtaining particulate material from a molten mixture. The particulate product obtained permits the use of dialkyldiamido quaternary fabric softening compound in solid laundry products without altering their free flowing characteristics. Being a solid, the particulate product does not suffer from the physical handling drawbacks associated with pastes of dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds, while at the same time, being easily dispersed in water.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to dialkyldiamido quaternary fabric softening compositions in the form of free flowing, water dispersable particulates or powders. The art in the field of dialkyldiamido quatenary compounds which function well as fabric softeners is directed to non—powders, i.e., aqueous pastes or dispersions. The physical properties of dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds are conducive to their preparation as aqueous pastes or dispersions and they are marketed and shipped to for ulators in these forms. _ , _
The process for the manufacture of the dialkyldiamido quaternary fabric softening compounds of this invention is taught e.g. , by U.S. Patent number 3,492,324. Thus, fatty acids are reacted with diethylenetriamine in a mole ratio of 2:1. The resulting dialkyldiamidoamine is methylated by reaction with formic acid and/or formaldehyde, and the resulting dialkylamidoethyl methylamine is quaternized with conventional reagents, e.g. , dimethyl sulfate.
It is also well known in the art relating to the quaternization of amines that benzyl chloride, methyl chloride and dimethylsulfate are suitable quaternizing agents for tertiary amines, such as the dialkyldiamidomethylamine described above. Further, it is also well known in the art that methyl chloride may be reacted with secondary amines such as the dialkyldiamidoamine described above, in a mole ratio of 2:1 respectively, to produce a quaternary compound useful for fabric softening.
In order for dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds to be more widely useful as fabric softeners, especially in free flowing laundry detergent compositions, and to overcome the problems inherent in shipment, storage and use as aqueous pastes and dispersions, a particulate form of the dialkyldiamido quaternary compound is desirable. Conventional atomizing equipment to produce such particulates includes spray drying, spray congealing, and prilling devices among others. Spray drying and spray congealing, for example, necessitate pumping liquified quaternary compounds through narrow orifices under sufficient pressure to produce fine droplets; these processes have proven to be relatively expensive and operationally difficult. The viscosity of the molten dialkyldiamido quaternary compound is such that it is incapable of being pumped neat at the maximum allowable temperature, i.e., the temperature of incipient decomposition. That is, at the maximum permissible temperature, the viscosity of the dialkyldiamido quaternary compound itself exceeds the physical limitations of conventional pumps, within the limits of economic practicality. Thus the pump cavitates or otherwise fails to transfer- the molten material from the input reservoir to the output. This condition is exacerbated when the output is a narrow constriction or orifice, as is the case in conventional atomization equipment.
Conventional atomization equipment includes devices such as spray nozzles, rotating disks, or shot towers.. Some of these devices function by forcing a liquid through narrow orifices to produce fine droplets. The droplets solidify to form the particulate. Cooling, e.g., by means of refrigerated air or other gasses, may be provided to aid solidifcation of said droplets. The range of particles in the particulate thus produced is nominally from 10 to 900 microns in diameter, with the preferred range for the use of this invention averaging from 100 to 300 microns in diameter. The orifice sizes necessary to produce this range of particulate will vary with the viscosity of the molten dialklydiamido quaternary compound, the type of atomization, and the characteristics of the ancillary equipment used to force the liquified quaternary compound through those orifices. _ - _
The orifice sizes may range from about 0.1 to 5 millimeters in diameter.
The force necessary to atomize a liquid, by whatever means, may be supplied by mechanical pumps or by centripetal force, as is the case of spinning disks. Thus, fatty acid derived dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds, which are ordinarily solids at room temperature, must be liquified to utilize atomization equipment and thus form a particulate.
Liquification of fatty acid derived dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds may be accomplished by heating to 100 to 120°C. Higher temperatures usually result in degradation of the product as evidenced by discoloration or browning.
At approximately 120°C, the viscosity, i.e., the ability to pass through an orifice, of di (hard tallow) dia ido quaternary compounds is extremely high, and has been measured at over 160,000 centipoises. This viscosity is such as to incapacitate conventional mechanical pumps, within the limits of economic practicality, necessary to the atomization process, as has been described in the foregoing. Attempts to reduce viscosity by means of increasing the temperature results in decomposition of the quaternary compound itself. Of course, water could be added to dilute the molten mass, and thus reduce the viscosity. However, additional water sufficient to facilitate pumping results in products with unacceptably high water content. Such high water content causes the powder particles to agglomerate resulting in solids which are no longer free flowing, and which on standing tend to form solid masses. This tendency of a powder to form solid masses is characterized as "tack". Tack may be evaluated by determining the force, in pounds, necessary to break a formed cake of the respective material. The cake is formed by compacting 450ml of product in a circular mold, 8.57cm in diamter and 12.7cm high, with a 9.98kg piston, at room temperature for 2 minutes.
Solvents other than water, for example isopropyl alcohol, may be added to reduce the viscosity of the molten quaternary compound. Sufficient quantities of isopropyl alcohol to facilitate pumping also result in unacceptably high levels of "tack". Further, isopropyl alcohol, being flammable, presents additional problems in commercial scale equipment. There is an inherent explosion hazard, and the vaporized isopropyl alcohol must be recovered from the vapor state in an environmentally acceptable manner. The equipment required to accomplish this recovery, i.e. , by condensation, is both costly and cumbersome.
It has been discovered that by incorporating an effective amount, preferably 10-S by weight of a polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid, into molten dialkyldiamido quaternary compounds, a particulate, free flowing water dispersible fabric softener composition may be obtained by conventional atomization techniques. The addition of polyoxylalkylene derivatives significantly reduces the viscosity of the molten quaternary compound, facilitating atomization with conventional equipment, while not decreasing the free flowing characteristics or the dispersibility of the resultant particulate. This is evidenced by little significant change in either "tack" or dispersibility, when the polyoxyalkylene processing aid is incorporated into the dialkyldiamido quaternary compound.
The polyoxyalkylene derivative that we have found most advantageous as a processing aid, is the reaction product of approximately 30 moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of the monoglyceryl ester of coconut fatty acids. We have found that the preferred amount of this polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is 10" by weight of the quaternary compound. More or less of the polyoxyalkylene derivative may be effective as a processing aid; from about 3 percent to about 15 percent of the dialkyldiamido quaternary compound. Less than these amounts would tend to be ineffective in reducing viscosity and more would tend to increase the "tack" of the particulate.
Other polyoxyalkylene derivatives which have been shown to be advantageous as processing aids in varying percentages from about 3 to about 15 by weight of dialkyldiamido quaternary compound, include commercially available ethoxylated sorbitan oleate derivatives, and ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
The preferred fatty acid derived dialkyldiamido quaternary compound is that derived from hardened tallow fatty acids as in Example I below.
To illustrate the efficacy of this invention, the following non-limiting examples are set forth.
\ EXAMPLE 1
Dialkyldiaraidoethyl methyl ammonium methosulfate compound prepared from hardened tallow fatty acids , following the teachings of U.S. Patent number 3,492,324, was melted at 110°C and atomized through a nozzle having an orifice 1.2 microns in diameter at a pressure of 2000 psi. The atomized droplets were congealed, in air., at a temperature of 15 to 21°C and a relative humidity of 50%. The congealed particulate having a particle size range averaging from 100 to 300 microns in diameter was subsequently vacuum dried at 40°C to remove residual isopropanol, from the preparation of the quaternary compound.
EXAMPLE 2
To 90 parts of the quaternary compound of Example 1 were added 10 parts of the adduct of 30 moles of ethylene
® oxide and glycerol mono cocoate, (Varonic LI-63, Sherex
Chemical Company, Dublin, OH). The mixture was melted at 110°C and atomized through the identical equipment of Example 1. Only a small quantity of particulate was obtained before pumps and lines became plugged, rendering the equipment inoperable. Residual isopropanol from preparation of the quaternary compound was removed as in Example 1. E XAMPLE 3
To 90 parts of the quaternary compound of the Example 1 were added 10 parts of isopropyl alcohol and 10 parts of ethoxylated sorbitan mono oleate, (Tween®80, ICI Americas, Wilmington, DL; 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitan mono oleate). The mixture was melted at 110°C, and atomized, congealed and vacuum dried as in Example 1.
EXAMPLE 4
90 parts of the quaternary compound of Example I were admixed with 10 parts of ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols (Arosurf®AA 66E-20, Sherex Chemical Company, Dublin, OH 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of isostearyl alcohol), and 10 parts of isopropyl alcohol. The mixture was melted at 110°C, atomized, congealed and dried as in Example 1.
VISCOSITY:
The viscosities of the particulates obtained by atomization of Examples 1 to Example 7 were determined on a Brookfield Viscometer (Thermosel) using a #34 spindle (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Staughton, MA). These data are presented in Table 1: Table 1
Product of Example Temperature0C1 Viscosity (CPS)
1 120 160,000 2 120 735 3 120 260 4 120 170
1Temperature of melted of quaternary compound (and processing aid) .
It can be observed from these data that a reduction of viscosity of at least 200 fold is obtained by the use of processing aids. Example 1, without processing aid, overwhelmed the physical capability of the spray congealing equipment (See Example 1) .
Dispersibility:
The dispersibility in water of the particulates of
Example 1 to 4 were determined by visual inspection of a mixture of 0.3 grams of product in 100 grams of water, after agitation at 32°C for 10 minutes. The results are presented in Table 2:
TAB LE 2
Product of Example Dispersibility
1 unacceptable (not dis¬ persed)
2 2 acceptable- (dispersed"), 3 acceptable (dispersed; ;'
4 acceptable (dispersed.).
1 Unaccep able dispersions contain solid clumps and clear areas
2Acceptable dispersions are uniformly cloudy throughout
The dispersibility of the particulate obtained by the use of a processing aid is significantly better than when no processing aid is present as in Example 1.
Tack:
The "tack" of the particulate of Example 1 to 4 was evaluated by determining the force in kilograms necessary to break a formed cake of the resepective material. The cake is formed by compacting 450 ml of product in a circular mold 8.57cm in diameter and 12.7cm high, with a 9.98kg piston, at room temperature for 2 minutes. The results are presented in Table 3.
\ Table 3
Product of Example Force in kg. necessary to Break Cake
1 1.86
2 1,40 3 1.86
4 - 3.67
1* 3.44
2* >9.0
^Samples of product not vacuum dried at 40°C, i.e., containing ca. 5% by weight of isopropanol.
The presence of isopropanol significantly increases the "tack" i.e., reduces the ability of the particulate to flow freely while the preferred processing aids do not.

Claims

We cl aim :
1. A particulate, water dispersible, free flowing fabric softener composition comprising:
a) a dialkyldiamido quaternary compound of the formula
Figure imgf000017_0001
where:
Ri is a C6-C22 alkyl group R2 is a C1-C3 alkyl group
R3 is a C1-C3 alkyl group, a phenyl group or a benzyl group n is 1-6
X~ is a monovalent anionic residue of an alkylating agent;
b) up to 15% of a polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid of the formula A or B or mixtures thereof,
Figure imgf000017_0002
R- -Y-(CH2 C -) OR'",
1H-0-) X Z R"-(0CH2 CH
R'
Formula A Formula B where:
n is 1-30
R is a C6-C22 alkyl group,
R1 is hydrogen or Ci-Cα. alkyl group
R1 1 is a C6-C22 alkyl group
R1 1 1 is hydrogen or a C6-C22 alkyl group
Y is oxygen or a substituent of the formula
0-(C3Hs 0H)-0 ,
Z is hydrogen or a substituent of the formula
Figure imgf000018_0001
wherein x, y, and z, may be from 1 to 10, said processing aid present in an amount effective for said particulates to be formed by atomizing said fabric softener composition in a liquified state.
2. The composition as in Claim 1 wherein Ri is C π and X" is a methosulfate radical.
3. The composition as in Claim 1 where Ri is Ci7 and X" is a chloride radical.
4. The composition as in Claim 1 where R_ is Ci to C22 and X" is a methosulfate radical.
5. The composition as in Claim 1 where Ri is C14 to C22 and X" is a chloride radical.
The composition as in Claim 2 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct up of 30 moles of ethylene oxide and coconut fatty raonoglyceride esters.
The composition as in Claim 2 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 20 moles of ethylene oxide and isostearyl alcohol.
The composition as in Claim 2 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 20 moles of ethylene oxide and sorbitan mono oleate.
9. The composition as in Claim 4 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 30 moles of ethylene oxide and coconut fatty monoglyceride esters.
N
10. The composition as in Claim 4 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 20 moles of ethylene oxide and isostearyl alcohol.
11. The composition as in Claim 4 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 20 moles of ethylene oxide and sorbitan mono -oleate.
12. The composition as in Claim 4 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative is a mixture of polyoxyalkylenes such that R1 is hydrogen and methyl groups.
13. The composition as in Claim 6 where the processing aid is added at 2 to 12% by weight.'
14. A method for making a dialkyl diamido quaternary compound fabric softener in particulate form which comprises:
1) forming a liquified blend of:
(a) said dialkyldiamido quaternary compound of the formula
\JO
Figure imgf000020_0001
_ 1 Q _
- 19 -
where:
Ri is a C6-C22 alkyl group R2 is a C1-C3 alkyl group R3 is a C1-C3 alkyl group, a phenyl group or a benzyl group n is 1-6
X- is a monovalent anionic residue of an alkylating agent and,
(b) a polyoxyalkyene derivative processing aid of Formula A or Formula B or mixtures thereof,
0 R-C-Y-(CH2CH-0-)nZ R11-(OCH2CH-)nORm ,
Formula A Formula B
_ _
where:
n is 1-30,
R is a C6-C22 alkyl group,
R1 is hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl group,
R1 l is a C6-C22 alkyl group,
R111 is hydrogen or a C5-C22 alkyl group,
Y is oxygen or a substituent of the formula
0-(C3H50H)-0.
Z is hydrogen or a substituent of the formula
Figure imgf000022_0001
wherein x, y and z may be from 1 to 10;
said processing aid present in an amount effective for said quaternary compound to be pumpable;
(2) atomizing said liquified blend to form particulates thereof-
15. The process as in Claim 14 where Ri is Ci 7 and X~ is a methosulfate radical.
16. The process as in Claim 14 where Ri is C17 and X" is a chloride radical.
17. The process as in Claim 14 where Ri is C14 to C22 and X" is a methosulfate radical.
18. The process as in Claim 14 where Ri is C14 to C22 and X" is a chloride radical.
19. The process as in Claim 15 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 30 moles of ethylene oxide and coconut fatty monoglyceride esters .
20. The process as in Claim 15 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 20 moles of ethylene oxide and isostearyl alcohol.
21. The process as in Claim 15 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 20 moles of ethylene oxide and sorbitan monooleate.
22. The process as in Claim 17 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 30 moles of ethylene oxide and coconut fatty monoglyceride esters.
23. The process as in Claim 17 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 20 moles of ethylene oxide and isostearyl alcohol.
24. The process as in Claim 17 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is the adduct of 20 moles of ethylene oxide and sorbitan monooleate.
25. The process as in Claim 17 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is a mixture of polyoxyalkylene derivatives, where R1 is hydrogen and methyl groups.
26. The process as in Claim 19 where the polyoxyalkylene derivative processing aid is present in 10% by weight.
PCT/US1986/001582 1986-08-04 1986-08-04 Particulate water dispersible free flowing fabric softener composition and process for making same WO1988000990A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP50441686A JPH01500282A (en) 1986-08-04 1986-08-04 Free-flowing fabric softener composition capable of dispersing particles in water and method of making the same
PCT/US1986/001582 WO1988000990A1 (en) 1986-08-04 1986-08-04 Particulate water dispersible free flowing fabric softener composition and process for making same
EP19860905056 EP0274468A4 (en) 1986-08-04 1986-08-04 Particulate water dispersible free flowing fabric softener composition and process for making same.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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WO1992018593A1 (en) * 1991-04-22 1992-10-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular fabric softener compositions which form aqueous emulsion concentrates
US5468398A (en) * 1993-05-20 1995-11-21 Colgate-Palmolive Company Liquid fabric softening composition
US5536421A (en) * 1992-09-28 1996-07-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for using solid particulate fabric softener in automatic dosing dispenser

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WO1992018593A1 (en) * 1991-04-22 1992-10-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular fabric softener compositions which form aqueous emulsion concentrates
US5185088A (en) * 1991-04-22 1993-02-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular fabric softener compositions which form aqueous emulsion concentrates
US5536421A (en) * 1992-09-28 1996-07-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for using solid particulate fabric softener in automatic dosing dispenser
US5792219A (en) * 1992-09-28 1998-08-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for using solid particulate fabric softener in automatic dosing dispenser
US5468398A (en) * 1993-05-20 1995-11-21 Colgate-Palmolive Company Liquid fabric softening composition

Also Published As

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EP0274468A4 (en) 1989-08-22
JPH01500282A (en) 1989-02-02

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