US893565A - Electrode. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JULY 14, 1908.

H. S. BLAGKMORB.

ELECTRODE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.31,1907.

UNTTED STATES PATENT onnioi.

HENRY SPENCER BLACKMORE, OF MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK.

ELECTRODE. f

Patented July 14, 1908.

Original application filed Apri1.18, 1903, Serial No. 153,929. Divided. and this application led August 31, 1907.

Serial No. 390,949. l

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY SPENCER BLAQKMORE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Mount Vernon, in the county loi Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Im rovements in Electrodes, of which the fol owing 1s a speclficatlon.

This invention relates to electrodes for electro-chemical, metallurgical, or other purposes; and it consists of an electrode comprising metal carbid, acetylid, or other metalcarbon compound or union, together with a binder, suchy as carbon. f

1,5 ln the prior art it has beenthe custom,

when electrodes of metal. carbid have been desired, to employ the carbid, en masse, such as would be o tained by taking a piece of metal carbid, such as calcium carbid, and forming or manufacturing the same into any desired shape, by turning on'l a lathe` or shaping by other mechanical means, or casting the molten carbid in a mold. It, is, however, vdisaclvantageous to employ carbid electrodes of this character for the reason that it is expensive to manufacture the electrodes from ingots of carbid, or, in case the electrodes are cast from molten carbids, they are apt to crack, split or break, for the reason that they cannot be readily annealed, and they are also apt to become disintegrated by moist atmosphere; non-metal car'- ids, which are non-conductors of electricity, have also been employed as elecor resister to the passage of the current.

through the electrode, necessitates the association of a large amount of some foreign conductive ingredient, lsuch as carbon,

which interferes, to a great extent, with the,

trodes, by associating the same with a largephysical roperties of the carbid, and Which carbid o non-metal cannot be readily utilized to obtain resultsof its own individual properties, without increasing the percentage content of the'non-metal and nonl-.elec- 60 trically conductive carbid, to an extent that its electrical resistance would result in a large ex enditure of electrical energy forl its utilization. My electrode, however, contains metal carbid, acetylid, or other metalcarbon-containing compound, and there- Jfore provides as a principal constituent, a substance which is an electrical conductor, instead of a non-conductor or resister, such as non-metal-carbid, whereby the hysical '70 and chemical properties of the meta carbid or metal-carbon-containing com ound may be rendered available,v withoutt e large expenditure of electrical energy occasioned by the emplo ment of non-metal carbids.

As an il ustration of a composite electrode constituted in accordance wlththe. present invention, I will take, for example, one comprising a metal-carbon compound, such as the socalled calcium carbid, the same being 80 of that s ecies of carbid known as acetylid, or, in ot er words, a compound of carbon with an element, such as calcium, in which the two carbon atoms are so interlinked or joined as to present the character of a dyad, or which may be considered as acetylene in which hydrogen is .replaced by calcium or other element; calcium carbid (CaCz) being considered as acetylene (H2G2) in which the two atoms of hydrogen are replaced by the 90v dyad calcium, the aforesaid metal-carbon compound, being known ascalcium carbid or acetylid, which compound is bonded or Y bound by a binder, such as carbon, in a comosite or homogeneous composition, the ginder existing in such limited proportion only as to unite the particles of calcium carbid in a homogeneous mass or body, said carbon binder being also a conductor of electricity.

These electrodes have theadvantage, when employed in electrochemical, metallurgical, smelting, or other operations of retaining their mass-continuity While being superficially acted upon by substances or ingredients communicating therewith, when employed as electrodes, Without crumbling, decomposing, or becoming interiorly disinte grated. Y

The formation of the composite composition of metal-carbon-containing compound, such as metal carbid or acetylid, united by carbon or other binder, is `accomplished 'b any Well known or practical means, Whic may be such as is usually employed to bind particles of carbon electrodes.

As an illustration of an application of my combined metal carbid, acetylid, ,or other metal-carbon-containing compound, with carbon or other binder as an electrode, I Will take, for'example, its employment in elec-V trolytic processes, such as is usually employed for the electrical reduction of metals, or for metallurgical urposes, said application being illustrated) in the accompanying drawing, 1n Which-- Figure 1 is an elevation of m improved electrode; Fig. 2, a longitudina section of thelsame; Fig. 3, a top plan vieW of the apparatus Figli', a vertlcal transverse section, and Fig. 5, a vertical longitudinal section.

Referring to the several views, the letter A indicates a suitable box or receptacle, preferably of cast iron, lined with a conductive substance B, such as carbon, into which `project the heating electrodes C, C, which pass through the insulators D, D. The material is introduced into the ap aratus through the openin s E, which are clbsed by insulatingp ugs passing into insulating-cover X, and

I v through which pass the electrodes G, which consist of a mixture of metal'carbid, acetylid, or other 'metal-carbon-containing compound G, and a binder G preferably of electrically conductive nature, such as carbon, as shown in Fig. 2.

l An example of the employment'specifically of an e ectrode containing an acetylid, such as calcium carbid, may be obtained by referring to its application in connection with the reduction of metal ox'y-halid oroxy-fluorid compounds or compositions, such as may be formed by heating a mixture of metal iiuo-` rid and metal oxid, or more specifically` aluminium iuorid and aluminium oxid, as described and claimed asto chemical reduction 4 in Letters-Patent of the United States granted to me May 6, 1902, and numbered 699,282, in which is described thefollowlng reaction,

viz:-

A1211 211120, acto2 6A1+ scar, eco.

The present application is intended vtocarbon or other binder, forming a com ositemetalcarbon containing electrode o the per se in ordinary carbon character aforementioned, instead of calcium carbid or acetylid, such as aluminium carbid, may be provided or exist, Without de arting from. the spirit of my invention, and t e term ,metal carbid as employed herein With reference to the character of a spe'cies of metalclaimed herein, as a constituent of the composite electrode, is included double metal carids or metal-hydrogen-containing compounds, such as hydrogen and other metal carbid, or such compounds as may be considered as hydrogen carbid (hydrocarbon) in Which one or more hydrogens are replaced by another metal, and the acetylids referred to and claimed herein include that species of carbid Whichyields acetylene upon decomposition With Water, and Which compound may be considered as acetylene in which hydrogen thereof is re laced by other metal.

The .term fmeta -carbon-containing compound employed herein is intended to imply and does imply a distinct chemical compound containing chemically combined elements, of which metal and carbonare essentials, and said expression is to be interpreted to the full extent and with the full meanin of the terms relatin to such compounds as roadly set forth in t e specification of the original application iiled April 18, 1903, Serial No. 153,329, of which the present'application is a division as before stated, as eing substances containin metal and carbon, either ascarbid, acetyli or other union, it being obvious that the said metal-carbon-containing compound employed as essential ingredient in the present composite electrode must be a conductor of electricity.'

The terms inviscid and fixed as employed herein with referenceto the character of the binder for the metal-carbon-contaming compounds, metal canbids, acetylids, or metal acetylids, emplo ed, is intended to imply, and does imply, .a inder of self retaining or non-viscous nature, capable per se of retaining the constituents against gravity IWhen 1n use, c'. e., not fluid, semi-fluid, or

readily fusible or liquefiable under the conditions 'to which it 1s to be employed or to which to be subjected during use, as contradistinguishing a-xed carbon binder-'from a viscous or semi-Huid agglutinizing agent, such as tar or similar liquid, s'emi-hquid, or liquefiable substances incapable per se of retalningthe constituents against gravity when suspended. i

Having now described my invention what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. Anelectrode composed of a metal-carbon-containing compound and an inviscid, fixed binder.

2. An electrode containing a metal-carboncontaining compound and an inviscid,fixed binder.

3. An electrode composed of a metal-carbon-containing com ound and an electrically conductive bin er. y

4. An electrode containing a metal-carboncontaining compound and an electrically conductive binder.

5. An electrode composed of a metal-carbon-containing compound and an inviscid, fixed carbon-containing binder.

6. An electrode containing a metal-carboncontaining compound and an inviscid, fixed carbon-containing binder.

7. An electrode composed of a metal-carbon-containing compound and a carbon binder.

8. An electrode containing a metal carboncontaining compound and a carbon binder.

9. An electrode composed of a metal carbid and an inviscid, fixed binder.

10. An electrode containing a metal carbid and an inviscid, fixed binder.

11. An electrode composed of a metal carbid and an electrically conductive binder.

12. An electrode containing a metal carbid and an electrically conductive binder.

13. An electrode composed of a metal carbid and an inviscid, fixed carbon-containing binder.

14. An electrode containing a metal carbid and an inviscid, fixed carbon-containing binder. r

15. An electrode composed of a metal carbid and a carbon binder. f

16. An electrode containing a metal carbid and a carbon binder.

17. An electrode composed of an acetylid and an inviscid, fixed binder.

18. An electrode containing an acetylid and an inviscid, fixed binder.

19. An electrode composed of an acetylid 25. An electrode com osed of a metall acetylid and an inviscid, xed binder.

26. An electrode containin a metal acetylid and an inviscid, fixed bin er.

27. An electrode composed of a metal acetylid and an electrically conductive binder.

28. An electrode containing a metal acetylid andan electrically conductive binder.

- 29. An electrode composed of a metal acetylid and an inviscid, fixed carbon-containing binder.

30. An electrode containing a metal acetylid and an inviscid7 fixed carbon-containing binder.

3]. An electrode composed of a metal acetylid and a carbon binder.

32. An electrode containing a metal acetylid and a carbon binder.

33. An electrode composed of an electrically conductive metal carbon containing compound and an inviscid, fixed binder.

34. An electrode containing an electrically conductive metal carbon containing compound and an inviscid, fixed binder.

35. An electrode composed of an electrically conductive metal carbon containing compound and an, electrically conductive binder.

36. An electrode containing an electrically conductive metal carbon containing com ound' and an electrically conductive bin er. l.

37. An electrode composed of an electrically conductive metal carboncontaining compound and an inviscid, fixed carbon-containlng binder. e

38. An electrode containing an electrically conductive metalcarbon containing com ound and an inviscid, fixed carbon-containing binder.

39. An electrode composed of an electrically conductive metal carbon containing compound and a carbon binder.

40. An electrode. containing an electrically conductive metal carbon containing compound and a carbon binder.

41. An electrode composed of an electrically conductive metal carbid and an inviscid, fixed binder.

42. An electrode containing an clcctrically conductive metal carbid and an inviscid, fixed binder. 43. An electrode composed of an electric- -ally conductive metal carbid and an electrically conductive binder.

44. An electrode containingan electrically conductive metal carbid andan electrically conductive binder.

45. An electrode composed of an electrically conductive metal carbid and inviscid, fixed carbid-containing binder.

46. A n electrode containing an electrically conductive metal carbid and inviscid, fixed carbon-containing binder.

47. An electrode composed of an electrically conductive metal carbid and a carbon binder.

48. An electrode containing an electric- 'ally conductive acetyli :fixed binder.

ally conductive metal carbid and a carbon binder. l l

49. An electrode com osed of an electricand an inviscid,

50. An `electrode containing an electrically conductive acetylidvand an inviscid, fixed binder.

' 51. An' electrodecomposed of an electrically conductive acetylid and an electrically conductive binder.

52. An electrode containing an electrically conductive acetylid and an electrically conductive binder.

53. An electrode composed of an electrically conductive acetylid and an'finviscid,

' ixed carbon-containing binder.

54. An electrode containing an electrically` conductive acetylid and an inviscid, fixed carbon-containing binder. y

5.5. An electrode com osed of an electrically` conductive acety id and a carbon binder.

56. An electrode containing an electrically conductive acetylid and a carbon binder.

57. An electrode composed of an electrically conductive metal acetylid and an inviscid, fixed binder.

. 58. An electrode containin an electrically conductive metal acetyli and' an inviscid, fixed binder.

59. An electrode composed of an electrically conductive metal acetylid and an electrically conductive binder.

60. An electrode containing an electrically conductive Aacetylid and an electrically conductive binder.

61. An electrode composed of an electrically conductivemetal acetylid and an inviscid, ixed carbon-containing binder.

62. An electrode containing an electrici ally conductive metal acetylid and an inviscid, fixed carbon containing binder.

63.` An electrodecomposed of an electrically conductive metal acetylid and a carbon binder.

64. Anv electrode containin an electrically conductive metal acetyli and a car- -bon binder.

In testimony Whereot` I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

J. R. NOTTINGHAM. CHARLES S. FLETCHER.

Images