US873296A - Screw-driver. - Google Patents

Description

"N. 873,296. PATBNTED Dnc. 1o, movi c. H. GHAPPELLB.

SCREW DRIVER.

' APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19, 1905.

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, Haw/MZ@ m WM atboznu No. 873,296. PAATRNTRD DRG. 1o', 1907. c. H. GRAPPRLLR. SCREW DRIVER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19, 1905.

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-PATENTBD DEG. 1o, 1907.

\ c. H. GHAPPBLLE.

SCREW DRIVER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19. 1905.

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l mw 62x21 h1 woes JJM@ CHARLES HENRY CHAPPELLE, OF WOODBURN, OREGON.

- SCREW-DRIVER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 10, 1907.

` Application iiiea'nugua 19. 195; serein. 274.954. l

To all 'whom it ynia/ i] concern: I

CHAPPELLE, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Woodburn, in the 1 the hollow or tubular body portion of the Be it known that 1 CHARLES HENRY tpolwhich is provided with a suitable handle county of Marion and State of Oregon, have invented new and useful Improvements in l Screw-Drivers, of specification.

This invention relates to improvements in screw-drivers, drills and other similar tools of that type embodying a reversely spiralgrooved spindle and pawl and ratchet operating mechanism for rotating said spindle upon the reciprocation of a handle. .The object of the invention is to provide a simple and novel construction of driving and which the following is a shiftingl mechanism for tools of this character by which the driving mechanism may be ad justed,-first, to rotate the spindle either to the right or left'upon theforward movement' of the handle; second, to rotate the spindle continuously to the right by a back and forth movement of the handle; and, third, to lock the shaft so that it will not turn in either direction, to permit the tool to be used like an ordinary-hand tool to drive and extract screws.

The preferred embodiment of the invention is illustratedin the accompanying drawings, in which:-

Figure 1 is a side elevation of thecomplete tool showing the shifter adjusted to the 'first notch or position to turn the spindle tothe right upon the forward movement of the handle; Fig. 2 is a similar view with the casing and shifter removed; Fig. 3 is alongitudinal section oriline 3-3 of Fig. 2; Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are longitudinahsections, respectively, sh'owing the shifter and pawls adjusted to the second, third .f and fourth positions; Fig. 7 is'a cross section on line 7--7 of Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the locking pawls; Fig. 9 is a similar View of the nuts; Figs..10 and 11 are cross sections on an enlarged scale throughthe nuts and pawls,

illustrating the specific construction of the clutch teeth and fingers; and Fig. 12 is av longitudinal `section showing the positions of the parts when the spindle is looked againstrotation.

In the present specific disclosure of the invention, I have shown the same embodied in a screw driver or drill, but it will heI understood that it may be applied to any tool of the ratchet ty e.

2, and 3 is a Vspindle having reverse spiral grooves Lland 5. d

Mounted on the spindle within the body 1 are two nuts 6 and 7, confined against outward movement by the end pieces or heads 1a and 1b of the body and separated by a segmental division plate 8, which holds them from inward longitudinal movement within the'body, while permitting them to rotate therein. The inner end of the nut 6 is longitudinally grooved to form an annular series of teeth 6', while the inner'end of the nut 7 is similarly provided with teeth 7 0n the `nut 6 is an internal spiral rib 6a arranged to travel in the spiral groove 4, and on the nut 7 is an Ainternal spiral rib 7*1, arranged to travel' in the s iral groove 5. It will thus be seen that by olding one of the nuts and allowing the other to be free the spindle in the for ward movement of the body portion will turn in one direction, and when the other n ut is held the spindle will be turned in the reverse direction when the body portion is may be secured. In order to attain these results I provide in connection with the nuts pawls `,for engaging the teeth thereof and shifting mechanismfor adjusting the awls, the teeth of the nuts and coacting paw s oonstituting clutch mechanism for rendering the nuts operative or inoperative, and the shifting mechanism constituting a -part of said clutch mechanism, whereby the latter may be regulated to perform the several operations above set forth.

t The body portion 1 is provided in one side with a longitudinal slot 9 for the reception of three locking pawls 10, 11 and 12. ,The

pawll() is provided at one end with a finger `10 located at one side thereof and adapted to engage theteeth 7 of the nut 7, and its opposite endy is formed with laterally projecting trunnions 10a which seat in receivmg The numera 1 in the drawings designates notches 1()b formed at the upper end of the -moved forward. It will also be apparent ythat by locking both nuts against movement sure is applied to the outer end of the pawl slot 9, the walls of said notches being inclined to permit said pawl to tilt to throw the fingerell into and out of engagement with the teeth 7. The pawls 11 and 12y are dis posed opposite each other andl in parallel relation and terminate, respectively, in fingers 11a and 12a at their inner ends to engage the teeth 6 of the nut 6. The finger '12l of the pawl 12 projects beyond the inner end of the toothed portion of the nut 6 and is formed in its underside with a notch or recess 12b for the reception of a spring 13 disposed transversely in the body portion between the 'two nuts and adapted to exert upward pressure to normally hold the finger 12a out of engagement with the teeth 6. l At their outer ends the two pawls 11 and 12 are formed with trunnions 11c and 12C which seat at their outer ends in notches 14 formed at the outer end of the slot 9, the walls of said notches being inclined to -permit said pawls to tilt to throw their-fingers into and out of engagement with the teeth 6. The inner end of the truiinion 1 1c of the pawl 1 1 is notched or cut away at its outer edge, as indicated at 11d, to receive the inner end of the trunnion 12? of the pawl 12 which fits thereoverl and is cuived downwardly at its outer edge to lie in the plane of the lower surface of the trunnion 1 1C, the construction thus being such tliat wlien pres- 12 both pawlswill be tilted to throw their fingers o'ut of engagement with the teeth 6. "Ihe'pawl 11 is formed with a depression 11'e located opposite or in transverse aliiieiiient with an offset or elevated portion 12e on the vpawl 12 and inwardly beyond said depressed portion 116 the pawl 11 is further provided with an offset or elevated portion 11f located above the plane of the finger of the pawl 12. The outer side edges of pawls 10 and 12 'bear against the side wall 9u of slot 9, while the outerside edge of pawl 11 bears against the opposite sidewall 9b of said slot.

In order to throw the pawls into and out of engagement with their respective nuts, I mount ashifter 15 within the slotted portion 9 of the body 1 above the pawls', said shifter comprising a bowed spring having one of its ends resting on the pawl 10 and its other end adapted to engage the elevated and depressed portions or contact points of the pawls 11 and 12. Fixed intermediate its ends to the center of the convex outer side of manner to the-center of the outer side of the pressure plate is a finger-piece or lu 18 which is adapted to slide in a longitu inal slot 19 formed in the casing 17 and is'- pro- ` seat notches 21, 22, 23 and 24 formed in the side walls of the slot v19. It will be understood that the upward pressure of the bowed spring shifter-holds the finger piece 18. e1evated in the slot 19, and with the retaining lugs 20v engaging one of the sets of notches, and that upon exerting downward pressure upon said finger piece the latter may be depressed below the plane of the slot 19 to move the retaining lugs 20 out of engagement with the notches and below the inner surface of the casing 17, thus permitting the finger piece to be moved longitudinally in the slot 19 to correspondingly adjust the shifter 15. U on releasing the finger piece at the prescri ed position to which it has been adjusted, it will be elevated by the spring ressure of the shifter 15 and the retaining ugs 20'seated in the notches Vto hold the finger piece and shifter against movement. The pawls 11 and 12 are separated between their finger portions by a division lug or projection 25 formed or secured upon the body. portion 1, and the outer ed es of all the pawls bear against the side wal s of the slot 9, .in the 'manner before described whereby the pawls are reinforced to prevent the saine rom bending under the pressure of the nuts 6 and 7.

It is to be understood that the teeth 7 and the bearing face of the finger 10 of the pawl 1() are so relatively arranged and shaped as to ada t the finger 10l toy engage the teeth and ho d the nut 7 from rotation to the left, while permitting the finger to ride over said teeth to adapt said nut to rotate without interference to the right. The two pawls 11 and 12 on the contrary constitute a duplex pawl to, respectively, permit the nut 6 to rotate freely in one direction or the other, accordinglyas one pawl or ythe other is in engagement therewith, while locking it against movement in the opposite direction. The pawl 11, for instance, is adapted to engage the teeth 6 to hold the nut 6 from rotation to the right, while permitting it to rotate to the left, while the pawl 12 when engaged with the teeth 6 ermits the nut to rotate to the ri ht, while iolding it from rotation to the le t. In orderto secure these respective results, the notches between the teeth of the nuts are made narrower than the fingers of the awls, so that said fingers cannot dro i bodi y into the notches but engagethe shoulders thereof in a peculiarmanner,l it being observed by reference to Figs. 7, 10 and 11 that the planes of all the fingers are so far tangent to the periphery of tlie ratcliets that only one edge thereof entraves one shoulder .of the notch while tlie other? shoulder of the notch underlies the tangential under surface of the finger, permitting ratchet action. By

` right, in which latter action the teeth of the nut slide across the under surface of the finger. The s'ame relative proportions and arrangement of the parts named pertains in the case of the ratchet wheel 6 and pawls 11 and 12, the notches between the teeth of said wheel being narrower than the fingers 11EL and 12*L y,of said pawls, While said fingers are disposed in a plane tangent to the periphery of the ratchet teeth. As a result, the finger 11a, when in locking position, seats at its 1n-,

ner edge in the adjacent notch ofthe nut and bears against thev rearA shoulder thereof, while the front shoulder of the notch lies beneath said finger, whereby the arrangement of the finger between said rear shoulder and -slot wall 9b prevents rotationof the nut to the right, while permitting ratchet laction and rotation of said nut to the left; while the finger 12a, when in locking position, seats at its inner edge in a notch, bears at its inner edge against the'rear shoulder `of the notch and lies between lthe same and the slot wall 9a and above the front shoulder ofthe notch, thus locking the nut against rotation to the leftbyyhile ermitting it to have rotation to t ,eyrght, t e rear shoulders of the notches in thei'vari-ous ratchet actions sliding in each case nder the lower surfaces ofthe awl fingers,`as will be readily understood rom the -foregoing .description l With this understanding the operation is as follows: Figs. 1, Zand 3 show the position of the parts for securing a rotary movement of the spindle to the right when the bodyj portion is moved forward, and it willbe seen that in this position the finger iece 18 -is located at the lower end of the s ot 19, and the retaining-lugs-20 are seated in the notches 21. In this position the u per end of the shifter 15 bears `upon the nger end of the body of the pawl 10 and holds the finger 1 0v thereof in engagement with the teeth 7',- thus locking the nut 7 against movement to the left. The lower end of the shifter in this position bears directly7 upon the trunnion1'2C of the pawl 12, its pressure thereby on the fulcrum ends of'pawls 11 and 12 serving to tilt both ofI said pawls..tohol d.;.tl1e fingers thereof out of engagement -with the teeth ofl they nut 6, therebypermitting saidnut tov freely rotate in both directions. The forward movement of the body portion will thereby cause the nut 7 to act upon the aaa a 'groove 5 of the spindle and rotate said spindle to the right. When the handle is moved `j backward, both nuts will turn loosely on the l spindle, sincev the nut 6 is not engaged by either of the pawls 11and 12 ,while pawl 10 will allow nut l7 to have retrograde rotation,

-thus permitting the body `portion to move back without rotating the spindle.

In order to secure a continuous rotary movement of the spindleto the right 'upon the forward and backward movement of the `body portion, the finger piece 18 is adjusted until its locking lugs 20 rest in the notches 22, whereby the shifter Willbe adjusted to the position shown in Fig. 4 in which its upper end will continue to bear upon the finger end of the pawl 10 an'd hold the finger 10 thereof in engagement with the teeth ofthe nut 7, thus continuing to hold said nut from rotation to the left while the lower end of the .shifter will engage the elevated portion 12' of the pawl` 12 and rest in the recess or de- `pressed portion 11e of the pawl 11. By this means pressure will be exerted upon the fulcrum end of pawl 12 to hold its finger12a in engagement with the teeth 6', while at the Sametime holding the finger 1 1i of the awl 11 tilted'up out of engagement with sai teeth, since the pressure of trunnion 12c on trunnion 11" will still be sufficient to keep awl 11 in the position before described. i pon the forward movement of the 'body portion the nut 7 will, therefore, act to rotate the spindle to the right, while the nut 6 will impart corresponding movement thereto upon `the backward movement of the body portion,- `thus effectin a continuous rotary movement of the spindfe to the right as the body por`- tion is reciprocated.

In order to lock thespindle to the body portion so that it cannot rotate and-so that theY tool mayv be usedv as an ordinary hand screw driver for driving and withdrawing screws, the 'finger piece 18 is adjusted `until its retaining lugs 20 seat within the notches -23.,` This movement of the finger piece will adjust the shifter so that its upper end will continue to `maintain engagement with the finger end of the body portion of the pawl 10 and holdv the finger .10 thereofin engagement with the nut 7,'while the lower end ofthe shifter will be ladjusted to the position shown in Fig. 5 in which it bears u on the elevatedr'portion11b ofthe pawl 11 'an stands above the pawl 12, thus permitting the latter to be forced and held by spring 13 dut of engagement with the teeth ofthe nut 6, while the finger llaof the pawl 11 will beheld by the pressure of the shifter in locking engagement with said teeth. Thus the nut 7 will be held by the pawl 10 from rotation to the left, while the nut 6 will be held by the pawl 11 from rotation to the ri ht. If'the spindle is not then fully projecte the movement of the nut to the left permitted by pawl 12 will allow the spindle to be drawnoutward to its fullest eXtent or the body ortion to be moved rearwardly thereon unti a stop 3*l on the inner end of the spindle engages a shoulis moved forward the finger piece 18 is ad-- justed until its retaining lugs 2() rest in the seat notches 24, thereby adjusting the shifter to the position'shown in Fig. 6, in which it will be seen that the upper end of the shifter ,bears upon the trunnions 10a of the pawl 10 and acts to tilt the finger 10 out of engagement with the teeth of the nut 7, while the lower end of the shifter still maintains enJ gagementwith the elevated port-ion llf of the pawl 11 and holds the finger 11a thereof in engagement with the teeth of the nut 6.4

In this action the pawl 12 will continue to be held out of engagement with nut 6 by s ring 1,3. This adjustment of the shifter t rows the two pawls 10 and 12 wholly out of action and locks the nut 6 against movement to the right by the pawl l1, whereby `upon the forward movement of the body portion said nut 6 will operate toA rotate lthe spindle to the left.

It will thus be seen that by the described constructionl of the pawl and shifter mechanism, the parts of the clutch may be adjusted to secure an intermittent rotary movement of the spindle to the right or left when the body portion is moved forward, or

' to lock the spindle against movement to the body portion, or to continuously rotate said spindle to the right upon the back and forward movement orreciprocation of said body portion.

I am aware of prior tools of this type in which these adjustments and several operations are independently obtainable, that is to say, that it is common in this class of tools tov provide means to secure a right or left rotaryl movement of the spindle, and that I am also aware of a construction in which one of these movements is attained in connection with an adjustment securing a continuous rotary movement of the spindle in one direction, but I believe that I am the first to provide a construction in which all of these adjustments are secured in a single tool. y A

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, is

1. In a tool of the class described, the com-.

bination of-a reciprocatory body portion, a

right andl left splral-grooved spindle, nuts confined against longitudinal movement in the body portion and provided with projections respectively engaging the grooves in the spindle, said nutshaving clutch teeth, a tilting pawl operative'to engage the teeth of one nut to permit rotation of said nut in one direction while locking it against movement in the other direction, a second tilting pawl adapted to engage the teeth of the other nut to permit rotation thereof in one direction while holding it from rotation in the other f direction, a third tilting pawl adapted to engage the teeth of the' latter named nut to operate reversely to said second pawl, said second and third pawls being connected for simultaneous adjustment under certain conditions and provided with contact portions, a

'spring to hold said third pawl normally out of engagement with the nut, and a slidin(T shifter controlling all three pawls, said shifter being adjustable to regulate the action of said awls to control the nuts to secure a right or eft intermittent rotary motion of the spindle or a continuous rotary motion thereof when the body portion is reciprocated or to lock said spindle to the body portion.

' 2. In a tool of the class described, the combination of a reciprocatory body portion provided with a longitudinal slot having a series of seat notches, a right and left spiral-grooved spindle, nuts confined against longitudinal movement in the body portion and providedy with projections respectively engaging the grooves in the spindle, said nuts having clutch teeth, a tilting pawl operative to engage the teeth of one nut to permit rotation of said nut in one direction while locking it against movement inthe other direction, a

second 'tilting pawl adapted to engage the teeth of the other nut to permit rotation thereof in one direction while holding it from rotation in the other direction, a third tilting pawl adapted to engage the teeth of the latter-named nut to operate reversely to said second pawl, said second and third pawls being connected for simultaneous adjustment under certain conditions and provided with .Contact portions, a spring to hold said third pawl normally out of engagement with the nut, and a spring-supported shiftersliding'in said slot in. the body portion and provided with locking lugs to engage the seat notches and bearing portions to operatively engage all three p'awls, the construction being such that by moving the shifter to engage the several seat notches the pawls may be adjusted thereby to control the nuts to secure a right or left intermittent rotary motion bf the spindle or a continuous rotary motion thereof when the body portion is reciprocatcd or to lock said spindle to the body portion.

3. In a tool of the class described, the cornbination of a reciprocatory body portion, a rotary spindle provided with reverse spiral grooves, clutch nuts provided with projections .engaging said grooves, a single pawl controlling one nut to' permit rotary movement thereof in one direction andlock the same against rotation in the opposite direction, a compound pawl formed of members controlling the reverse movements of the other nut, said members being connected for *simultaneous or independent adjustment and provided With portions whereby they may be Vsimultaneously or independently moved, a

spring for retracting one o f said paWl members, and a shifter controlling all three pawls andA adjustable to shift the same tof control the vnuts-to secure a'right or left intermittent rotary motion'of the s indle or a continuous rotary motion thereo when the body portion'is reclprocated or to lock said spindle to the body portion.

' nut in one direction While locking it against movement in the reverse direction, 4a pair of tilting parallel pawls having fingers to engage the teeth ofthe other-nut to respectively control the rotation thereof in opposite directions, one of said pawls being formed With a raised portion and the other with a depression and a raised portion, and said awls also having engaging projections to a apt them to tilt in'unison, substantially as described, a retracting spring acting upon the finger of theflrst named pawl'provided'with a raised ortion, and a shifter upon the body portion aving portions to bear upon the paWls and coperate With the said raised portlons thereof to tilt the paWls, whereby said shifter may be adjusted to govern the pawls to control the nuts to secure a right or left intermittent l rotarymotion of the spindle or a continuous rotary motion thereof When the body portion is reciprocated or to lock said spindle to th body portion.` v

In testimony whereof, I afHX my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

CHARLES HENRY CHAlPELLE.

Witnesses: n

GRANT Comer, R. H. SCOTT.

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