US834985A - Sighting instrument. - Google Patents

Description

No. 834,985. PATENTED movie, 1906. Is. LAKE-6: E. L. HUBBARD.

SIGHTING IN STRUMBNT.

APPLICATION FILED 831E128, 1906.

I I 7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

0 I O o a: o o o g 9 O 0 0 O 27 o o 76. J8 59, 52 00 a Q I v -.PATENTED NOV. s. LAKE & B. L. HUBIjAR-D.

I No. 834,985.

SIGHTING IN STRUMENT, -urmouxon nun sum. as, 1905.

f as, mam

Noss4,9a5.- PAT'ENTE D NOV. 6, 1906. s. LAKE a; n. HUBBARD.

I SIGHTING INSTRUMENT.

LPPLIOATIOi FILED SEPT. 28, 1006;

'! SHEETS-SHEET 6.

amoentoz a:

' ing substantially the whole horizon without tion of connected portions of the primary and sec- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE-Q SIMON LAKE,

or BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT. AND EDWARD L. HUBBARD, or WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

{,SIGHTING INSTRUMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent,

Patented Nov. 6, 1906.

. 5 Application filed September 28, 1905. Serial No. 280.588-

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that we, SIMON LAKE,- residing at Bridgeport, in the county of Fa'irfield and State of Connecticut, and EDWARD L.

HUBBARD, residing'at Washington, District of Columbia, citizens of theUnited States,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sighting Instruments, of

which the following isa specification, reference being had therein to' the accompanying drawings. This rnvention relates to certain improvements in that class of optical instruments designed'for use in connection with naval vesse s, and particularly with subsurface or submarine vessels in taking observations of other vessels or exterior objects without exposure of the observer or of the vessel of which he is an occupant.

The invention has for its object to provide an instrument of 'such character wh ch will afford a range of view simultaneously coverreduction of scale of the object observed, while presenting the latter to the observer in the same relative position to the vessel of which he is an occu ant as it would appear in when viewed by t e naked eye. The present improvement consists partly in a particular arrangement of lenses and other glasses for attaining the described object, artlyin special means of adjustment there or and of mani ulation duce different desira le resultsunder varying conditions, and partly in various constructive features of the instrument, whereby the latter is specially adapted for use in connection withsu'bmarine boats.

The invention will be understood by reference to the drawings annexed, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a submarine boat embo ying the present invention. Fig.2 is a rear elevation, and Fig. 3 a side elevation, of the instrument with the 'midd le portion of the-primary or lower tube-section removed. Fig, 4 is a partial sectional elevation'of the upper or secopdary hood with the adjacent ortion of lts supporting tube-section, and 1g.- line as q; of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevathe primary hood with the'adjacent thereof to pro-.

polygonal orm, of which the top or cap 6 is provided with'a hollow boss 7, in w ln rovided. with a sighting instrument as man 5 is a longitudinal section of the same on ondary tube-sections. Fi 7 is a plan with a portlon at one side bro en out to expose certain constructive features of the lower rism-holder and prisms therein, and Fig. 8 1s a side elevation of the same. Fig. 9 1s a transverse section of the primary tube-section on line y of Fig. 10, which is a sectional elevation of tlr tube adjacerit the lens-holder. Fi 11 is a lan of the lower focusing-lens ho der, and ig. 12 a perspective view of one of its lenses. Fig. 13 i's'apartial sectional elevation of the lower casing inclosing the inverting-prisms with the adjacent portion of the prima tube-section. Fig. 14 is an enlarged detail sectional view of the tube carrying the inner or secondary focusing-lens and showing the means for maintaining such tube in fixed relation to the 'inclosi-n tubular portion of the fixed artition mem er. elevatlon of the lower portion of theinstrument with the cap upon the side of the inverting-prism casing removed; and Figsf16 and 17 are sectional plans ofsuchcasingupon transverse planes, respectively, immedlately above axis of the eyepiece. Fig. 18 is a detail elevation of the inner side of the eyepiece-ca As represented in the drawings, the o the prisms and through the I .6 e middle portion of the lower Fig. 15 isa rear serving-tube comprises a main or primary section 4, passing upwardly through and revoluble and longitudinally movable withina stufling-box' 3 in the roof of the 'conningtower 2 of a submarine vessel 1 and is surmounted b a primary hood 5, preferably of ate 'ch is secured the lower end of the upper or secondary tube-section 8, surmounted by a secondary hood 9.

Extending downwardly from the hood 5 fora portion only of its length is a fixed partition member comprising a central tube 10,

8, and a series of radialwings 1 1, rojecting therefromto theinner surface of t e tube 4, so 'as to divide the primary tube-section int'o lateral compartments extending forming a continuation of the tube-section longitu inally thereof as'there are sides of the primary hood 5.- Each of the six sides of this polygonal hood, as herein represented, is formed with a lateral opening 12, in which is secured a plano-eoncave lens 13, constitutinga'n object-glass, behind which is v fixed in a suitable frame 14 a prism 15, whose inclined reflecting-surface bends light-rays entering the tube through-the object-glass downwardly through its respective lateral compartment of the primary tube-section 4. The prisms of the series are of peculiar form, their ends being inclined each to the others-in planes-at substantially sixty degrees 10 apart to enable them to fit closely together and utilize to the fullest extent the area of the tube-section 4, theirinclined reflectingfaces thus assumin atrapezoidal shape, as represented in Fig. 4

are directed upon one of a series of double convex lenses 16, constituting the primary focusin glasses, which are cut to truncated ,sectora s ape and mounted upon a suitable 2o transverse frame 17 in the up er end of'a sleeve 18, which is fitted movab fy within the primary tube-section 4, beneath the fixed divisional cage 10 11 therein, and provided externally with longitudinal rack- teeth 19, 2 5 engaged by a pinion 20, entering a correslponding slot in the tube 4 and carried by a .s aft 21, mounted in a housing 22, secured to the exterior of said tube, and'provided with ,a stuffing-box 23, embracin said shaft, whereby the series of sectoral inses may be longitudinally adjusted relatively to the fixed object-glasses 13 by suitably turning the wheel 24 upon the outer end of the shaft 21. A rectangular inspectionraperture 25, 3 5 closed by a glass plate 26, is shown provided in the tube-section 4 adjacent the shaft 21 to,

expose a longitudinal series of graduations 27 upon the exterior of the sleeve 18 to indicate the position ofthe, lenses 16, which are shifted 4o longitudinally of the tube 4 for adjustment by the turning of the wheel 24. "It will be observed that-as the inion 20 enters a groove is the exterior of t e sleeve 18 for the rack-teeth 1-9 the rack-and-pinion 5 shifting means for longitudinal adjustment of the lens-holding sleeve within the piimary tube-section aflords an' interlocking connection serving as a 'de 'b 'etwee'n these relatively movable tu ular parts and prevents the turning of. the sleeve within-the tube-section. Y

Mounted upon the longitudinally-movable frame 17 is an'auxiliary partition member or shield composed of the segmental portions 28 and fiat radial wings 29, so as to substantially correspond in'.cross-section with the fixed partition member 10' 11 and form a movable continuation th reof, whereby the partitions of the main ,td e-section are renoafdered practically exteiis'lgle to correspond with the adjustments ofle focusing-lenses jwhoso ranges of. vision intermediate the same ,and the respective object-glasses are thus maintained entirel separate and distinct and are prevente from overlapping, as

and parallel with that of therays .upon the respective upper prism 15 through laterally and paralle would be the case to more or less extent were the ar'titions omitted.

T e convex lens 30, herein represented as the eye iece, is'mounted in a horizontallydis ose cylindrical casing 31 at the lower en of the tube-section 4. The light-rays transmitting the several images from the series of focusm -lenses 16 could be readily defiected laterally into the range of the eyepiece 30-by means of a single prism or refiector; but the images received therefrom would be inverted and left-handed, and the observer would be'thus .liableto some con- 1 fusion in makinghis observations. In order :5 The light-rays from each of the prisms 15 to present to the observer the objects in their true relations, therefore, an inverting device is provided which comprises an angular c asing 32 at the foot of the pnmary tube-section 4,"containing a prism 33 in the range of the focusing-glasses 16, and of which the inclined reflecting-face is so dis osed as to reflect the light-rays therefrom aterally to a second prism 34, serving to bend upwardly the l1ghtrays into range of a, third prism 35, which a ain deflects such li ht-rays laterally in a p ane transverse to t e direction of action of the others into the range of the eyepiece irected the objective 13, whose vlsual range corre- 5 sponds in direction with that of an objective 40 in the secondary hood, to be hereinafter described.

By reference to the drawings it will be observed that the similarly-disposed objectives 13 and 40 and the e epiece 30 are directed Y'each with the others, but that. the optical axes of the objectives lie in a different verticalplane from that of the eyepiece, and hence the reflecting-faces of the lower risms 33 and 34 are necessarily arran e to reflect the light-rays transversely of t e vertical planes of said optical axes, and thus serve to reverse the images received through the objectives and the focusinglenses.

It has been found in actual practice that by the use ofia concave objective having a wide angle of vision and a small resistance to the passa e of the light-rays, combined with 1 r 5 a weak ocusing glass for condensing the light-rays for the eyepiece, a wide angle of' vision could be secured to present to the observer images of external objects of natural size with aver high efiiciency, the reduction 1 20 of intensity 0 the light by the three members of the instrument bein slight, owin to the com aratively small tfiickness of g ass traverse by the light-rays. 'Thus by the I present improvement a practically all-round 12 5 view of the entire horizon may be obtained upon a natural scale to enable the observer not onl' to see objects within distances in which t e mi ht be seen by the natural eye, but to ju ge 0% the distances of such objects 1 0 cave compound object-glass, of which the other from one another or from the vessel carrying the observer, the longitudinal adjustment provided for the frame carrying the focusingenses'aiiording means of accommodating the instrument to the-eyes of each individual.

As a further means of adapting the instrument as thus far described to the eyes of the observer, each of the sectoral lenses is movably mountedin its respective section of the frame 17 and adjustably secured in position while resting upon the supporting-flanges 36 by means of theradial center screws 37 entering suitable conical bearing-cavities 38 in the edges of the lenses. By this means the optical centers of the contracted anguar portion of the same, may be adjusted inwardly or outwardly, so that the light-rays passing throu h them may be directed most advantageous y for transmission to the eye of the observer by disposition nearer to or farther from the center of-ficld of the convex lens forming the eyepiece. Y

' The secondary hood 9.is represented as of angular form with a single lateral aperture 39, in whichis disposed a weakplano-conlens 40, constituting one member of a member consists of a reducing-lens 41, mounted in a swinging frame 42, having lateral ears 43, pivoted, by means of a pin 44, within the hood 9 below the level of the lens 40. The swinging frame 42 is maintained normally in horizontal operative position with its edge in contact with the fixed stopshoulder 46 by means ofa "spring 47, conplecting the same with the upper end of the Intermediate the lenses 40 and 41 and within the direct range of vision of bothis disposed a prism 48, adapted tobend the light-rays entering the hood laterally through the former, downwardly through the latter, and through the inner tubular ortion of the partition member immediately eneath. The prism 48 is carried by a frame 49, mounted to oscillate upon the pivotal pins 50 through a small angle in the upper portion of the hood and yieldingly held one of its extreme inclined positions by means of a spring 51, connecting it with the top of the casing.

.A cord 52 for use in tilting the prism 48 in opposition to the spring 51 is connected therewith at a suitable 'point on the same side of its axis of suspension and is led through the upper tube-section and throu h a guide-eye 53 in the inner opening of t e prism-holder 14 through one of the compartments of the main tube'-section and a peripheral guide notch 54 in the lens-holder 17 to the end of an arm 55, carried by a spindle 56,

assing through a stufiing-box 57 in the ower casing32 and provided upon the outer end with a pointer-arm acting in conjunction with the graduated segmental scale 58 to the lenses, which are in practice located within .to its upper en indicate the degree of inclination of the prism, a set-screw 59,.carried by the pointerarm, serving not only to secure the same in a given adjustment, but as a handle whereb the same maybe convenientl manipulated: The employment of a spring or pressing the prism 48 constantly in the same direction operates to maintain the cord 52' taut under al circumstances and obviates any lost motion in the prism-adjusting means, so that the registering device in the base of the instrument maintains its accuracy and correctl? indicatesthe inclination of the prism in al of its adjustments.

A second cord 60 is connected with an up wardly-projecting arm 61 of a bracket-piece upon one side of the swinging frame 42 and led also through the upper tube-section 8 and the guides 53 and 54 through the same lat eral compartment of the mam tube-section 4 to the apertured end of a crank-arm 62, mounted upon the inner end of a spindle 63, assmg through a stufiing-box 64 in the caslng 32 and havin upon its outer end a lever' 65, provided wit a set-screw 66, by means of which it may be shifted a d secured in position by impingement upon t e side of the casing 32. The lens 41 may be readily shifted downwardlyb such means out of range of the lens 40 an rism 48 by swinging the lever 65 so as to pull the cord 60 downwardly, and thereby cause the frame 42 to assume a position parallel with the axis of the tube 8, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4.

Fitted to the inner compartment of the fixed partition member is a sliding sleeve 67,

carrying focusing this tube is sus in its lower end a Weak secondary lens 68. As herein represented,

and passing through the wall of the tube 10 and around a grooved pulley 70, mounted, by means of a pin 71, upon one of the wings 11 of the'partition'member, from which it is led downwardly around a guidepulley7 2 to a winding-drum 73, carrie by a shaft 74, passing through a stuffing-box 75 in the casin 32 and provided with a knob 76 for turning t e same-and a pointer-arm 77, serving in conjunction with a graduated scale 78 to indicate the position of the secondary focusing-lens. I

In order to steady the prevent its turning within the tube 10 or any slight play therein which would interfere with coaction ofits focusing-glass with the other members of the system of which it is a member, such sleeve is provided with a series of external longitudinal guide-grooves 96, entered by the rounded inner ends of the screws 97, applied to the walls of the inclosing tube and adapted for a sh ht lateral adjustment therein, asrepresente particularly in Fig. 14. The component members 40 and 41 of the compound objective are of such character that even when combined their field of vision ended bya cord 69, attached sleeve 67 so as to is much less than that of the lower objectglasses 13-, whereby objects viewed through the upper tube-section 8 appear upon an enlarged scale, and the glasses composing this inner tube-section constitute practically a telescope as compared with the outer systems. In order to increase the magnifying comparatively power of the inner system reduced field of vision, the lower member 41 of the compound object-glass may be shifted into lower inoperative position by the means before described, when the lowering of the inner focusing-lens 68 restores the operative relation of the three com the system and produces t e desired magnification of the object to be scrutinized.

As-another means. of increasing the size of images transmitted through the objective, the focusing-lens 68 is in practice given a range of adjustment e(}uivalent to the difiers ence in the distances 0 the conjugate foci to the lens, whereby the shifting of the focusinglens from its rimary position covering a lerge field of vision to the sec ondary position produces an increase of its magnifyin power with a corresponding decrease of t e field of vision of the portion of the instrument of which this lens is an element.

It is evident that the range of adjustment of the primary focusing-lenses may be extended m a similar manner by increasin the capability of longitudinal movement 0 the prlmary focus ens-holding frame 17. To adapt the'eyepiece for such adjustment asmay be desirable under the various conditions in which the instrument is intended to j ecting laterally be used, the lens 30 is mounted between suitable clamping-rings 79, fitted to the threaded interior 0 a movable sleeve 80, which is in turn fitted within the tubular casing 31, profrom the main lower casing 32, and is provided externally upon opposite side, with series of rack-teeth 81, engaged by pinions 82, carried by shafts 83, mounted externally in-the lateral housin s 84, provided with-suitable stuffing-boxes, t e shafts being provided exterior .to the casing 31 with suitable wheels 85, by which they may be turned to shift the carrying-sleeve and the lens mounted therein longitudinally in the inclostubular casing 31; V

e outer end of the casing 31 is provided with a cap 86, having the usual boss 87 with 5 5 small sighting aperture 88 to insure the proper alinement of the eye of the observer in relation' to the lens 30, and has upon its inner face several swinging arms 89, each havin at its outer end a frame within which is tted a plain smoked glass disk 90, and pivoted at the op site end to the cap by means of. a pin fiaving notches 92. in its edge adapted for e agement by a tooth 93 upon the outer end 0 a flat s ring 94, whose oppbsite end is fastened rigid means of a of glasses with a' onent members of y'to the inner face of the cap- 86. The glass disks 90 are of different degrees of resistance to the passage of light and are so mounted that they may be swung, each independently of the others, into line with the si hting-aperture 88 of the cap by pin 91, whereby the intensity of the li ht received through the instrument upon a right day may be sufliciently reduced to enable the observer to use the instrument without the inconvenience which would beexperienced in case such means for temporarily intro- 'ducing a variable resistance were lacking.

, From the foregoing description it will be observed that the various component parts of the instrument may be widely varied without departure from the scope of the present inob 95 upon the outer end of the vention. The object-glasses are represented as weak plane-concave lenses; but it is evident that the strength and particular form of =-the lenses of the general class required for the purpose may be varied to suit the particular uses for which the instrument may be de- ;signed, the number and scope of the lower series of objectives constituting the finders being determined by the particular requirements of the instrument for individual The lenses 14 of the circular series of focusin -glasses, while represented as seetoral, in order to secure the advanta e of Z the greatest area possible for passage of ight f and for deflection of the light-rays inwardly g nearer to the center of the eyepiece, are obviously not limited to such shape tomake them operative, the same merely involving a maximum efiiclency for glasses of a given strength.

It will be observed that the employment of an uppercontracted section for the observing-tu e for submarine vessels is particularly advantageous, as the same permits of the subme ence of the vessel when in close range 0 the enemy, so as to hide the find- 1portion of the same containing the wid e ob ectives and to expose a tube of only mg a few inches diameterwith which accurate observation of the enemy may be effected throu h the narrow-angle objective with but shght chance'of discove by him.

In the drawings annexed the reflectors are shown as risms whichare independent of the simple enses-with which they cooperate the up er prism and that of the .prism adjacent t e eyepiece in planes at a right an le tov each other instead of parallel, as would e the case were each of these prisms in the range of reflection of the other, the image transmitted to the second of such risms being received from below instead above, as

in instruments heretofore designed for a like a pu os'e.

aving thus set forth the. invention, what we claim herein is I 1. In a sighting instrument, the combina tion'with'a primary tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tubesection carried by said primary hood in alinement with the primary tube-section, and a secondary hood mounted thereon, of similarly-directed wide-angle and narrow-angle,

objectives disposed respectively in the primary and secondary hoods, and a reflector in the visual range of the objective in each hood adapted to receive an imageof the same throu h the 5 f external object., and reflect it downwardly rimary tube-section. 2. a sig ting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tubesection carried by said primary hood in alinethrough the primary tube-section, and indeendent focusin -lenses for condensing the ight-rays from t e respective objectives.

3. In asighting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary .hood mounted thereon, a secondary tubesection carried by said primary hOOdlIl alinement with the primary tube-section, and a secondaryhood mounted thereon, of similarly-directed wide-angle and narrow=angle objectives disposed respectively in" the pri- .mary and secondary hoods, a reflector in the yisual range of the objective in each hood adapted to receive an image of the same external. object and reflect it downwardly through the primary tube-section, and a partition member withinthe primary tube-section forming a tubular extension of the sec- .from the narrow-angle objective. 4.. In a'sighting lnstrument,

ondary tube-section to inclose the light-rays I the combination with a tube-section and a hood surmounting the same, of a plurality of divergently-directed'reflectbrs mounted in said hood and'each adapted to receive laterally an image of an external object and'reflect 1t downwardly through said tube-section, an

b ective in the visual range of each of said re ectors, and a partition member adapted to divide said tube intoa plurality of tubular compartments each inclosing the light-rays from its respective reflector and objective.

5. In a sighting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tubesection carried bysaid primary hood in axial relation with the primary tube-section, and

a secondar hood mounted thereon, of a plurality o divergently-directed reflectors mounted in said primary hood and a reflector disposed 111 said secondary hood, each adapted to receive, laterally an image of an external object and reflect it downwardly throu h said primary tube-section, a wide-angle o jective disposed in the visual range of. each reflector in the primary hood and a narrowangle objective dis osed inthe visual range of thereflector in t e secondary hood, and a partition member adapted to divide said tube closing the light-rays from its'respective reflector and objective.

6. In a sighting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tube-sec: tion carried by said primary hood in alinement with the primary tube-section, and a secondary hood mounted thereon, of similarly-directed wide-angle and narrow-angle objectives disposed respectively in the primary and secondary hoods, an inclined reflector in the visual range of the objectives in the. rimary hood, an inclined reflector pivotal y mounted in the visual range of the objective in the secondary hood, means for yieldingly. maintaining the last-named reflector in one of its extreme positions, and a flexible connection between the latter and the lower end of the tprimary tube-section for varying its degree 0 inclination.

7. In a sighting instrument, the combination witha prirnary-tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, afsecondary tubesection carried b said primary hood in alinement with, t e primary tube-section, and a secondary hood mounted thereon, of similarly-directed. wide-angle and narroW-' angle 0 jectives disposed respectively in the primary and secondary hood, an inclined reflector in the visual range of the objective in y the primary hood, an inclined reflector pivot- -ally mounted. in the visual range of the 'objective in the secondary hood, a partition member to se arate the light-rays directed downwardly tlirough the primary tube-section from the said objectives, means for yieldingly maintaining the last-named reflector in one of its extreme positions, and a, flexible connection between the latter and the lower end of the primary tube-section led 1 throi h the secondary tube-section and -a latera compartment of the primary tube' section for varying'its degree of inclinatlon.

8. In a sighting instrument, the combina- 5 1nto a plurality of compartments. each insaid member and movable with the and focusingdenses and adapted to divide said tube into a plurality of tubular compartments each inclosing the light-rays from its respective reflector and objective, an auxiliary partition member dis osed in telescopic relation with said'iiired partition frame carrymg the said focusing-lenses, and means for shifting said focusing-lenses longitudinally of said tube-section. v

9. In a sighting instrument, the combina tion with an inclosing tube and a hood mounted thereon, of a plurality of divergentllyl directed inclined reflectors within said ood each adapted to receive an image of an external object and to reflect it downwardly within said tube, an objective in the visual range of each of said inclined reflec= .tors, a single eyepiece .at the lowerend of said tube, a plura y of focusing-lenses each disposed intermediate one of said objectives and the eyepiece, a longitudinally-movable common holder forsaid focusing-lenses, and means external to said tube for 10 'tudinally adjusting the position of said h dlderin respect of said eyepiece and objectives.

' 10. In a sighting instrument, the combination with an inclosing tube' and a hood mounted thereon, of a plurality of divergently-directed inclined reflectors within said hood each adapted to receive an image of an -external object and to reflect it downwardly within said tube, an objective in the visual ra e of each of said inclined .reflectors, a sing e eyepiece at the lower end of said tube, and a plurality of conver ently-arranged focusing-lenses of truncate sectoral shape mounted within said tube each disposed intermediate one of said objectives and the eyepiece.

1 1. In a sighting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tubesection carried by said primary hood in axial relation with the primary tube-section, and avsecondaly hood mounted thereon, of a plurality of divergently-directed' reflectors mounted in said primary hood and a reflector disposed in said secondary hood each adapted to receive laterally an image of an external object andreflect it downwardly through said tube-section, a wide-angle objective distion with a primary posed in the visual range of each reflector in the primary hood and a narrow-angle objective disposed in the visual range of the reflector in the secondary hood, an eyepiece at the lower end of the primary tube-section, a plurality offocusing-lenses in annular arrangement within the primary tube-section each intermediate the eyepiece and one oi the primary objectives, a common frame in which said focusing-lenses are mounted and an additional focusing-lens disposed axially within said primary tube and intermediate said eyepiece and the secondary objective.

12. In a sighting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tube-section carried b said-primary hood in axial relation with t e primary tube-section, and a seconda hood mounted thereon, of a plurality d? divergently-directed reflectors mounted in said primary hoodand a reflector disposed in said secondary hood, each adapted to receive laterall an image of an external object and reflect 1t downwardly through said tube-section, a wide-angle ob ective d1sposed in the visual range of each reflector in the primary hood and a narrow-angle ob'ective dipsosed in the'visilal range of the re ector in the secondary hood, an eyepiece at the lower end of the primary tube-section, a plurality of focusing-lenses mounted in annulararrangement u one common frame within the primary tu e-section, each intermediate the eyepiece and one of the primary objectives, an additional axiall -disposed focusmglens mounted within sai primary tube to be longitudinal] adjustable intermediate said eyepiece an the secondary objective, and means external to said tube for adjusting the position of the last-named focusing-lens.

13. In a sighting instrument, the combinahood mounted thereon, a seconda tion carried b lation with t tube-secsaid primary hood in axial re-' e primary tube-section, and a secondary hoodmounted thereon, of a plurality of divergently-directed reflectors mounted in said primary hood and a reflector disposed in said secondary hood, each adapted to receive laterally an image of an external object and reflect it downwardly through said tube-section, a wide-angle objective dis,- posed in the visual range of each reflector in theprimary hood and a narrow-an le objective dis osed in the visual range of t e reflector in t e secondary hood, an eyepiece at the lower end of the primary tube-section, a plurality of focusing-lenses mounted in annular arrangement u on a common frame within the primary'tu e-section, each intermediate wthe eyepiece and one of the primary objectives, an additional axially-disposed convex focusing-lens movably mounted within said primary tube intermediate said eyepiece and the secondary objective, and means nontube-section, a primaryv 1 5 ing) tu e between extreme positions a distance structed and arranged to shift the last-named focusing-lens longitudinally of said tube a distance e uivalent to the difference of the distances 0 said lens from its conjugate foci..

- '14. In a sighting instrument, the combination with an inclosing tube, a hood mounted thereon, an inclined reflector in said hood adapted to receive laterally an image of an external object and reflect it downwardly through said tube, an objective in the visual range of said reflector, an eyepiece at the lower end of said tube, -a focusing-lens movably mounted in said tube intermediate said objective and eye iece, and means for shiftsaid focusingens longitudinally of said equivalent to the difference of the distances petween said f0cusinglens and its conjugate 15. In a sighting instrument, the combination with an inclosing tube, a hood mounted thereon,- an inclined reflector in said hood adapted to receive laterally an image of an external object and reflect it downwardly through said tube, an objective in the visual range of said reflector, an eyepiece at the lower end of said tube, a focusing-lens-inter mediate said objective and eyepiece, a sleeve by which said focusing-lens is carried provided externally with longitudinal grooves, a

, tubular support to which said sleeve is movably fitted, transverse screw-pins applied to said movable su port with their ends entering said externa grooves in the sleeve, and

means for shifting said sleeve longitudinally of said tube. i

16. In a sighting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tubesection carried by said primary hood in axial relation with the primary tube-section, and a secondary hood mounted thereon, of a plurality of divergently-direeted reflectors mounted in said primary hood and a reflector disposed in said secondary hood, each adapted to receive laterally an image of an external object and reflect it downwardly throu h said primary tube-section, a wide-angle o jective disposed in the visual range of each reflector in the primary hood and a narrowangle objective disposed in the visual range of the reflector in the secondary hood, an e e piece at the lower end of the primary tu esection, a plurality of focusing-lenses mounted in annular arrangement upon a common frame within the primary tube-section, each intermediate the eyepiece and one of the pri mary objectives, an additional axiallydisposed focusing-lens mounted in a carryingsleeve within said primary tube to be longitudinally adjustable intermediate said eyepiece and the secondary objective, a partition member adapted todivide said tube into a lurality of compartments each inclosing the ight-rays from its respective reflector and objective, a grooved pulley mounted upon said partition member,

nected at one'end with said carrying-sleeve andat the other with said drumand passing and focusing-lens carried thereby may be raised and lowered.

tion with a primary. tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tubement with the primary tube-section and a secondary hood mounted thereon, of similarly-directed wide-angle and narrow-angle objectives disposed respectively in the primary and secondary hoods, reflectors in the visual range of the objective in each hood adapted to receive an image of the same external object and reflect it downwardly piece at the lower end of the primary tubesection, a focusing-lens intermedlate said eyeing-lens intermediate said eyepiece and the narrow-angle objective and a longitudinallymovable sleeve by which the same is carried, a partition member within the primary tubesection forming a tubular extension of the secondary tube-section to inclose the light grooved pulley mounted upon sai partition member external to its tubular portion, a drum in the lower portion of the instrument, a supporting-shaft for said drum passing through the wall of said instrument and carsame, and a cord attached atone, end to the said drum and passing through the wall of said partition member'and around the grooved pulley mounted thereon.

18. In a sighting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tubesection carriedby said primary hood in alinement with the primary tube-section and a secondary hood mounted thereon, of similarlydirected wide-angle and narrow-angle obj ectivesdisposed respectively in the primary and secondary hoods, reflectors in the visual range of the objective in each hood ada ted to receive an image of the same external object and reflect it downwardly through the primary tube-section, an eyepiece at the lower end of the primary tube-section, a focusing-lens intermediate said eyepiece and the wide-angle objective, a focusing lens inangle objective and a longitudinally-movable sleeve by which the same is carried, a' partition member Within the primary tube-section forming a tubular extension of the secondary tube-section to inelose the light-rays from the narrow-angle objective, a groovedpulley over said grooved pulley, whereby said sleeve section carried by said primary hood in aline-' through the primary tube-section, an eyepiece and the wide-angle objective, a focus-.

rays from the narrow-angle ob'ective, a

lens-holding sleeve and at the opposite end to.

termediate said eyepiece and the narrowa drum in the lower 3 portion of said instrument, and a cord con- 17. In a sighting instrument, the combinarying external thereto means for turning the hood mounted thereon,

5 'out of normal o as:

5 instrument and carrying external thereto a pointer and means for turning the same, a graduated scale adjacent said supportingc shaft, and a cord attached at one end to the lens-holding sleeve and at the opposite end to to said drum and passing through the wall of saidpartition member and around the grooved pulle mounted thereon.

19. In a sig ting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary a secondary tubesection carried by said primary hood in axial relation with the primary tube-section, and a seconda hood mounted thereon, of a plurality o "divergentlydirected reflectors mounted in said primary hood and a reflector disposed in said secondary hood'each adapted to receive laterally an image of an external object and reflect it downwardly through said tube-section, a wide-angle primary ob- 2 5 jective disposed in the visual range of each reflector in the primary hood and a compound objective comprising a plurality of lenses in normal operative relation, one of which is movable out of such relation with another, said compound objective being disposed normally in the visual range of the re-- flector in the secondary hood, an eyepiece at the lower end of the primary tubefsection, a

lurality of f00l1SlI1gjlIlS6S disposed in annu- 3 5 7 ar arrangement wit the primary tube-section, each intermediate the eyepiece and one of the primary objectives, a common frame upon which said focusin -lenses are mounted, an additional focusing-Tens disposed axially 40 within said primary tube and intermediate said eyepiece and the secondary objective with means for longitudinally shifting the same, and means for shifting said movablymounted member of the compound obj ective other or others. 7 20. In a sighting instrument, the combination with a compound objective composed of a plurality of members in normal operative 5o relation, one of which is movable out of such normal operative relation, an eyepiece, a focusing-lens intermediate said eyepiece and the compound ob'ective, means for shifting the movable mem er of said objective out of normal relation with another, and means for adjusting the position of said focusinglens to compensatefor the change thus effected in the objective. ,t

21. In a sighting instrument, the combination with an inclosing tube, of a compound 3 objective composed of a plurality of members in normal operative relation, one of which is movable out of such normal operative relation, a swinging frame in which said movable member is mounted, means applied operative relation with the pensate for the change thus e ected in the objective.

22. In a sighting instrument, the combination with an inclosing tube, of a compound objective composed of a plurality of members in normal operative relation, one of which is movable out of such normal operative relation, a swinging frame in which said movable member is mounted, a stop in contact with which said swinging frame rests when in operative position, a spring for yieldingly holding said frame in contact with said stop, a connection from said swinging frame to the lower portion of said inclosing tube whereby the same may be shifted out of operative position, an eyepiece, a focusinglens intermediate said eyepiece and the compound. objective, and means for adjusting the position of said focusing-lens to compensate for the change thus .effected in the objective.

23. In a sighting instrument, the combinationwith an inclosing tube, of a compound objective composed of a plurality of members in normal operative relation, one of which is movable out of such normal operative relation, a vertically-swinging frame in which said movable member is mounted, a stop in contact with which said swinging frame rests when inoperative position, a spring for yieldingly holding said frame in contact with the lower side of said stop, a spindle passing through the wall of the in closing tube in its lower portion and provided upon its inner end with acrank-arm and upon its outer end with means for turning t e same, a connection between said crankarm andswinging frame ,whereby the latter may be shifted downwardly to remove the movable member of .the compound objective from operative position, an eyepiece, a focusing-lens intermediate said eyepiece and the complound objective, and means for adjusting t e position of said focusing-lens to compensate for the change thus effected in the objective 24, In a sighting instrument, the combination with an inclosing tube, of a compound objective composed of a plurality of memers in normal operative relation, .one of which is movable out of such normal operative relation, a vertically-swinging frame in which said movable member is mounted, a

ITO

stop in contact with which said swinging frame rests when in operative position, a

spring for yieldingly holding said frame in a contact with the owe'r side of said stop, a

spindle passing through the wall of the inmay be shifted axis of said objective and inclined osing tube in its lower portion and provided upon its inner end with a crank-arm and upon its outer end with an 0 crating-lever havin at its outer end means or securing it in posltion, afconnection between said crankai'm and swingin frame whereby the latter (Iownwardly to remove the movable memberof the compound objective from operative position, an eyepiece, a focusing-lens intermediate said eyepiece and the compound objective, and means for adjusting the position of said focusing-lens to com pensate for the change thus effected inthe objective.

25. In a sighting instrument, the combination with an inclosin tube, of a laterally-directed objective, an inclined reflector in the visual range of the same and adapted to reflect downwardly li ht-rays received therefrom, an eyepiece aving its optical axis parallel with and disposed in a different vertical plane from that of said objective, an ad'acent inclined reflector adapted to receive lig t-rays from beneath in a direction sub stantially parallel with those of the firstnamed reflector and direct them into range of said eyepiece, and a plurality of reflectors adapted to receive light-rays from said first-- named reflector and to direct-them upon the second-named reflector.

26. In a sighting instrument, the combination with an inelosing tube, of a laterally-directed objective, a reflector having an operative face disposed transversely of the o tical ownwardly and b'ackwardly in respect of the latter, an eyepiece having its optical axis parallel with and disposed in a difl'ere'nt vertical plane from that of said objective, an adjacent reflector having its operative face disposed transversely of said axisand inclined at right angles with that of said first-named reflector and downwardly and forwardly in respect of said eyepiece, and a plurality of reflectors adapted to receive light-rays from said first-named reflector and to direct them upon the second-named reflector.

27. In a sighting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tubesection carried by said primary hood in axial relation with the rimary tube-section, and a secondary hood mounted thereon, of a plurality of 'livergently-directed reflectors mounted in said primary hood and a reflector disposed in said secondary hood, each adapted to receive laterally an image of an external object and reflect it downwardly through said primary tube-section, a widee angle objective disposed in the visual range of each reflector in the primary hood and anarrow-anglo objective disposed in the visual range ol the reflector in the second ary how 1, an

rays from all of the eyepiece at the lower end of the primary tubesection having its axis disposed parallel with that of the said narrow-angle objective, a plurality of focusing-lenses mounted in ansection, each intermediate the eyepiece and one of the primary objectives, an additional focusing-lens disposed axially within said primary tube-section and intermediate said ;eyepiece and the secondary objective, a reflector in the visual range of said eyepiece and adapted to reflect thereto light-rays received from beneath the same, and a plurality of reflectors ada ted to receive the lightdirect them upwardly to the said reflector adjacent the eye iece. v A

28. In a sig ting instrument, the combination with a primary tube-section, a primary hood mounted thereon, a secondary tubesection, carried by said primary hood in axial relation with the primary tube-section and a secondary hood mounted thereon, of a lufiality'of divergently-directed primary re ectors having operative faces of tra ezoidal shape with their'upper and lower e ges disposed in "regular polygonal arrangement, thereb forming a central openingintermediate the same, said reflectors being mounted in said primary hood, and a secon tor disposed in said secondary hood, each of said reflectors being adapted to receive-laterally an image of an external object and reflect it downwardly through said tube-sec-' st-named reflectors and nular arrangement withinthe primary tube tion, the reflection from said secondary reflector being through the central opening of the primary reflectors, a wide-angle objective disposed in the visual range of each reflector in the primaryhood and a narrow-angle objective disposed in the visual range of the reflector in the secondary hood, an eye-piece at the lower end of the rimary tube-section, a plurality of focusingenses mounted in annular arran ement'within the primary tubesection, eac intermediate the eyepiece and one of the primary objectives, andan additional focusing-lens disposed axially within.

said primary tube and intermediate said eyepiece and the secondary objective.

29. In a sighting instrument, the combination with an objective, an eyepiece, a suitable housing in which the same is'mounted and an intermediate focusing-lens, of a cap ap lied to the eyepiece-housing and prov1d ed with a sighting-a erture 1n the range of said eyepiece, a p urality of swinging arms each carrying at its outer end a dis of smoked glass, supporting-spindles passing through said cap to the inner extremlties of which the opposite ends of said swinging arms are respectively fixed, and means upon the outer extremity of each of said s indles for turning it independently of the ot ers. I

30. In a sighting instrument, the com' napiece-hous and provide ire range of said eyepiece, a pluthe inner ends of said swinging arms are fixed means upon the outer extremity of each of said s indles for turning it inde endently of the ot ers, and spring-detents a apted to engage the notches in the edges of said swingl5 1n arms.

testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification each in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SIMON LAKE. EDWARD L. HUBBARD.

Witnesses as to S. Lake:

J. C. LAKE, HENRY J. MILLER. Witnesses as to E. L. Hubbard:

. R. F. SHREVE,

HENRY CHAPMAN.

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