US8000503B2 - Biometrics authentication system registration method, biometrics authentication system, and program for same - Google Patents
Biometrics authentication system registration method, biometrics authentication system, and program for same Download PDFInfo
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- US8000503B2 US8000503B2 US11/083,296 US8329605A US8000503B2 US 8000503 B2 US8000503 B2 US 8000503B2 US 8329605 A US8329605 A US 8329605A US 8000503 B2 US8000503 B2 US 8000503B2
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Classifications
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- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
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- G06V40/50—Maintenance of biometric data or enrolment thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/27—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass with central registration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
- G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
- G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/30—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/32—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check
- G07C9/37—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/30—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/38—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass with central registration
Definitions
- This invention relates to a registration method for a biometrics authentication system, a biometrics authentication system, and a program for same, which use the characteristics of a portion of the human body to perform individual authentication, and in particular relates to a registration method for a biometrics authentication system, a biometrics authentication system, and a program for same, which detect the characteristics of the palm of the hand by non-contact means to acquire biometrics information.
- portions of the human body such as fingerprints and toe-prints, the retinas of the eyes, facial features, and blood vessels, which enable discrimination of individuals.
- biometrics With advances in biometrics in recent years, various devices have been proposed for authentication of individuals by identifying biometrics features of such portions of the human body.
- FIG. 18 through FIG. 21 explain conventional palm authentication techniques.
- the user brings the palm of the hand 110 into proximity with an image capture device 100 .
- the image capture device 100 emits near-infrared rays, which are incident on the palm of the hand 110 .
- the image capture device 100 uses a sensor to capture near-infrared rays rebounding from the palm of the hand 110 .
- hemoglobin in the red corpuscles flowing in the veins 112 has lost oxygen.
- This hemoglobin absorbs near-infrared rays at wavelengths near 760 nanometers. Consequently when near-infrared rays are made incident on the palm of a hand, reflection is reduced only in the areas in which there are veins, and the intensity of the reflected near-infrared rays can be used to identify the positions of veins.
- the user first uses the image capture device 100 of FIG. 18 to register vein image data of the palm of his own hand in a server or on a card. Then, in order to perform individual authentication, the user employs the image capture device 100 of FIG. 18 to read the vein image data of his own hand.
- the individual is authenticated by comparing the patterns of veins in the registered vein image retrieved using the user's ID and in the vein verification image thus read. For example, on comparing the vein patterns in the registered image and a verification image as in FIG. 20 , the individual is authenticated as the individual in question. On the other hand, upon comparison of the vein patterns in a registered image and in a verification image as in FIG. 21 , the individual is not authenticated (see for example Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2004-062826).
- the body part can be freely moved with respect to the image capture device 100 , and in particular the hand can be freely moved.
- the body part for detection 110 in order to perform accurate detection, the body part for detection 110 must be positioned within the image capture range of the image capture device 100 .
- Methods to achieve this have been proposed in which the position and orientation of the hand is detected from a captured image, and when accurate image capture is not possible, a display or voice output is employed to convey the inappropriateness of the position or orientation of the hand (see for example WO04/021884).
- a display or voice output is employed to convey the inappropriateness of the position or orientation of the hand (see for example WO04/021884).
- an image of the entire hand is captured and is compared with the average registered hand shape to detect the position and orientation of the hand.
- detection is by non-contact means, and moreover the body part, and in particular the hand, can move freely.
- image capture it is necessary that image capture be performed frequently, and that appropriate images be detected and output to the registration/authentication process.
- time is required to detect the position and orientation of the hand, and moreover the size of the sensor in the image capture device is increased, making such methods unsuitable when rapid detection or small equipment sizes are demanded.
- an object of this invention is to provide a registration method for a biometrics authentication system, biometrics authentication system, and program for same to rapidly extract characteristic data even when using non-contact image capture of the palm of the hand.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a registration method for a biometrics authentication system, biometrics authentication system, and program for same to obtain accurate characteristic data, even when the non-contact image capture device is reduced in size.
- Still another object of the invention is to provide a registration method for a biometrics authentication system, biometrics authentication system, and program for same to effectively utilize a plurality of sets of characteristic data obtained by image capture by a non-contact image capture device, to improve verification accuracy.
- Still another object of the invention is to provide a registration method for a biometrics authentication system, biometrics authentication system, and program for same to prevent reductions in verification accuracy, even when there are changes in the non-contact image capture device, changes in physical condition, and changes in the detection state.
- a biometrics authentication system of this invention detects characteristic data of the palm of a body, registers the data for future use, detects characteristic data of the palm of the body, verifies the characteristics data against the previously registered characteristic data, and performs individual authentication.
- This system has an image capture unit which captures images of a palm of the body; a storage unit which stores characteristic data of the palm of the body which has been registered; and a processing unit which extracts outlines from images of the palm of which has been captured by the image capture unit, judges from the extracted outlines whether the image capture has been successful, extracts the characteristic data from images of palms judged to be successful, and registers the characteristic data in the storage unit.
- the processing unit obtains a plurality of images of the palm of the same body from the image capture unit, judges the mutual degree of similarity among the characteristic data for each of the plurality of images of the palm, and registers in the storage unit a plurality of characteristic data sets with high degree of similarity.
- a registration method for a biometrics authentication system of this invention is a registration method in a biometrics authentication system which detect characteristic data of the palm of the hand of a body and register for future use, detect characteristic data of the palm of the hand of the body and verify against the registered characteristic data, to authenticate the individual.
- the registration method has a step of obtaining an image of the hand of the body from an image capture unit which captures images of the palm of the hand; a step of extracting the outlines of the image of the palm of the hand and of judging from the outlines whether the image capture has been successful; a step of extracting characteristic data from a successfully captured image of the palm of the hand; a step of judging the mutual degree of similarity of a plurality of characteristic data sets for a plurality of captured images; and a step of registering a plurality of characteristic data sets with a high degree of similarity in a storage unit.
- a program of this invention causes a computer to execute a step of obtaining an image of the hand of the body from an image capture unit which captures images of the palm of the hand; a step of extracting the outlines of the image of the palm of the hand and of judging from the outlines whether the image capture has been successful; a step of extracting characteristic data from a successfully captured image of the palm of the hand; a step of judging the mutual degree of similarity of a plurality of characteristic data sets for a plurality of captured images; and a step of registering a plurality of characteristic data sets with a high degree of similarity in a storage unit.
- the processing unit judge the degree of similarity of the second and subsequent characteristic data sets for the palm of the hand with reference to the first characteristic data set of the palm of the hand.
- the processing unit capture images of the palm of the hand of the same body using the image capture unit until a prescribed number of characteristic data sets with a high degree of similarity are obtained.
- the processing unit acquire an image of the palm of the hand from the image capture unit, extract the characteristic data, verify this data against the plurality of characteristic data sets registered in the storage unit, and perform trial authentication.
- the processing unit extract the outlines from an image of the palm of the hand captured by the image capture unit, judge the image capture to be successful from the extracted outlines, extract the characteristic data from an image of the palm of the hand judged to be successful, and verify the characteristic data against the plurality of characteristic data sets registered in the storage unit, to perform individual authentication.
- the processing unit judge the degree of similarity to be high.
- the processing unit register the first set of biometrics characteristic data, and in addition, for n sets of biometrics characteristic data, calculate all the degrees of similarity of the first through the (n ⁇ 1)th biometrics characteristic data sets, and when all degrees of similarity are equal to or greater than a threshold, register the n sets of biometrics characteristic data in the storage unit.
- the processing unit reads the plurality of biometrics characteristic data sets from the storage unit in response to identification information for the individual, and verify the characteristic data obtained from an image of the palm of the hand from the image capture unit against the plurality of characteristic data sets thus read.
- the processing unit detect the fact that the extracted characteristic data is similar to one of the plurality of registered characteristic data sets, and perform individual authentication.
- the processing unit judge whether the image capture has been successful from the positional relation of the outlines of the image of the palm of the hand and the image capture range of the image capture device.
- the processing unit capture an image of a portion of the hand including the palm of the hand and a portion of the fingers of the body.
- the processing unit judge whether the image capture has been successful from the number of outlines of the image of the palm of the hand within the image capture range.
- the processing unit judge whether the image capture has been successful from the positional relationship between the outlines of the image of the palm of the hand and the image capture range of the image capture device, and from the number of outlines within the image capture range.
- the processing unit cause image capture of the palm of the hand to again be performed by the image capture unit, to acquire an image of the palm of the hand.
- the image capture unit have a distance sensor to judge the distance between the image capture unit and the palm of the hand, and that when the distance measured by the distance sensor is within a prescribed range, that the processing unit capture an image of the palm of the hand from the image capture unit, and modify the prescribed range at the time of registration and at the time of individual authentication.
- images of the palm of a hand of the same body are obtained a plurality of times from the image capture unit, the mutual degree of similarity among characteristic data sets of a plurality of images of the palm of the hand is judged, and a plurality of characteristic data sets with a high degree of similarity are registered in a storage unit. So even when characteristic data detected a plurality of times is used, verification can be performed which accommodates changes in biometrics state, without lowering verification accuracy, and moreover inconvenience to the user can be prevented, contributing to the widespread adoption of the biometrics authentication system. Because the shape of the hand in images is checked using outlines of the palm of the hand in the image, it is possible to rapidly judge whether an image capture has been successful and extract characteristic data, and even using such a method, registration processing can be executed in a short length of time.
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a biometrics authentication system of one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is an external view of the palm image capture device of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the biometrics authentication processing of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the biometrics information registration processing of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 5 explains the range of image capture of the palm image capture device of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 6 explains the blood vessel image of FIG. 4 ;
- FIG. 7 explains the blood vessel image data of FIG. 6 ;
- FIG. 8 explains data registered in the storage portion in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 9 shows the flow of distance/hand outline detection processing in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 10 explains hand outline processing in FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 11 is a first diagram of the flow of registration processing in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 12 is a second diagram of the flow of registration processing in FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 13 explains the comparison of three blood vessel image data sets in FIG. 11 ;
- FIG. 14 explains the comparison of four blood vessel image data sets in FIG. 12 ;
- FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram of trial authentication processing in another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 16 shows the flow of the trial authentication processing in FIG. 15 ;
- FIG. 17 explains the verification processing of FIG. 15 ;
- FIG. 18 explains a conventional palm image capture device
- FIG. 19 explains the principle of a conventional palm image capture device
- FIG. 20 explains conventional palm image capture technology
- FIG. 21 explains conventional palm image capture technology.
- biometrics authentication system biometrics data registration processing method, distance/hand outline detection processing, biometrics characteristic data registration processing method, trial authentication and authentication processing, and other embodiments.
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a biometrics authentication system of one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is an external view of the palm image capture device of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 explains the biometrics authentication processing of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a palm vein authentication system in a financial institution.
- a palm image capture device 1 as explained in FIG. 2
- a branch office terminal for example, a personal computer
- a user requesting vein pattern authentication places his hand over the palm image capture device (hereafter the “image capture device”) 1 .
- the image capture device 1 reads the palm, and the blood vessel image extraction processing 3 a of the terminal 3 extracts the vein pattern, and registers this as vein data in the terminal 3 .
- This vein data is recorded in a storage portion 4 a of a database server 4 connected to the terminal 3 , or in an individual card (for example, an IC card) 5 carried by the user.
- the server 4 is connected to the service area terminal 8 in the service area 7 of the financial institution, and the service area terminal 8 is connected to the image capture device 1 .
- the user places his hand over the image capture device 1 provided in the service area 7 .
- the image capture device 1 reads the palm of the hand, and the vein pattern thereof is extracted through blood vessel image extraction processing 8 a by the service area terminal 8 .
- verification processing 8 b the service area terminal 8 verifies the vein pattern, as vein data, against the vein data registered in the database server 4 to authenticate the individual.
- the server 4 is connected to an ATM (Automated Teller Machine) 6 of the financial institution, and the ATM 6 can be used to perform transactions through vein pattern authentication.
- the ATM 6 Automated Teller Machine
- the ATM 6 extracts the vein pattern (blood vessel image), and verifies this pattern, as vein data, against the vein data registered in an IC card 5 carried by the user or in the database server 4 , to authenticate the individual.
- the palm image capture device 1 of FIG. 1 is equipped with a sensor unit 18 substantially in the center of the main unit 10 .
- a front guide 14 On the forward portion (on the user side) of the sensor unit 18 is provided a front guide 14 .
- the front guide 14 comprises a sheet of synthetic resin, transparent or substantially transparent.
- the front guide 14 serves the purposes of guiding the hand of the user in the front and of supporting the wrist. Hence the front guide 14 provides guidance to the user so as to guide the wrist over the sensor unit 18 and supports the wrist. As a result, the attitude of the palm of the hand, that is, the position, inclination, and size over the sensor unit 18 can be controlled.
- the cross-sectional shape of the front guide 14 has a vertical body and, in the top portion, a horizontal portion 14 - 1 to support the wrist.
- a depression 14 - 2 is formed continuously in the center of the horizontal portion 14 - 1 , to facilitate positioning of the wrist.
- the sensor unit 18 is provided with an infrared sensor (CMOS sensor) and focusing lens 16 and a distance sensor 15 in the center; on the periphery thereof are provided a plurality of near-infrared light emission elements (LEDs) 12 .
- CMOS sensor infrared sensor
- LEDs near-infrared light emission elements
- near-infrared light emission elements 12 are provided at eight places on the periphery, to emit near-infrared rays upwards.
- the readable region V of this sensor unit 18 is regulated by the relation between the sensor, focusing lens, and near-infrared light emission region. Hence the position and height of the front guide 14 are set such that the supported wrist is positioned in the readable region V.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the biometrics information registration processing of an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 explains the relation between the range of image capture of the image capture device and the palm of the hand
- FIG. 6 explains the blood vessel image detected in FIG. 4
- FIG. 7 explains the biometrics characteristic data of FIG. 4
- FIG. 8 explains registered data.
- the palm image capture device 1 of FIG. 2 is equipped with a sensor unit 18 substantially in the center of the main unit 10 .
- a front guide 14 is provided on the forward portion (toward the user) of the sensor unit 18 .
- the front guide 14 comprises a sheet of synthetic resin, transparent or substantially transparent.
- the front guide 14 serves the purposes of guiding the hand of the user in the front and of supporting the wrist. Hence the front guide 14 provides guidance to the user so as to guide the wrist over the sensor unit 18 and supports the wrist. As a result, the attitude of the palm of the hand, that is, the position, inclination, and size over the sensor unit 18 can be controlled.
- the sensor unit 18 is provided with an infrared sensor (CMOS sensor) and focusing lens 16 and a distance sensor 15 in the center; on the periphery thereof are provided a plurality of near-infrared light emission elements (LEDs) 12 .
- CMOS sensor infrared sensor
- LEDs near-infrared light emission elements
- near-infrared light emission elements 12 are provided at eight places on the periphery, to emit near-infrared rays upwards.
- the readable region V of this sensor unit 18 is regulated by the relation between the sensor, focusing lens, and near-infrared light emission region. Hence the position and height of the front guide 14 are set such that the supported wrist is positioned in the readable region V.
- the palm when the hand 50 is extended with palm flat, the palm has maximum area, and moreover is flat, so that when the palm is subjected to image capture in the image capture region V of the sensor unit 18 , an accurate vein pattern which can be used in registration and verification is obtained.
- FIG. 6 when the distance from the sensor unit 18 to the palm is within a prescribed range, a sharp, focused blood vessel image is obtained by the sensor 16 of the sensor unit 18 .
- the front guide 14 support the wrist 52 above the sensor unit 18 , the position, inclination and height of the palm above the sensor unit 18 are made precise with respect to the image capture range of the sensor unit 18 , and the user's hand can be guided and supported.
- the terminal 3 connected to the image capture device 1 executes a series of registration processing 30 to 42 .
- the control portion of the terminal 3 has, for example, a CPU, various types of memory, interface circuitry, and other circuits necessary for data processing.
- the CPU executes the series of registration processing 30 to 42 .
- Distance/hand outline detection processing 30 receives the distance from the image capture device 1 measured by the distance sensor 15 , judges whether the palm or other object is at a distance within a prescribed range from the sensor unit 18 . And moreover the outline detection processing 30 detects the outline of the hand from the image captured by the sensor unit 18 , and based on the outline, judges whether the image can be used in registration and verification processing. For example, a judgment is made as to whether the palm appears sufficiently in the image. This processing is described below using FIG. 9 .
- guidance message output processing 32 outputs to the display of the terminal 3 a message guiding the palm to the left or right, forward or backward, upward or downward, when the distance measured by the distance sensor 15 indicates that the hand is outside the image capture range, and when the image cannot be used in registration and verification processing. By this means, the hand of the user is guided into position over the image capture device 1 .
- Blood vessel image extraction processing 34 extracts a vein image from the image of the hand when hand outline detection processing 30 judges that an image has been captured with the hand held correctly. That is, as explained using FIG. 18 and FIG. 20 , grayscale data of the image of the palm such as that of FIG. 7 is obtained through differences in reflectivity.
- the vein pattern image is an image like that shown in FIG. 6 ; the data is grayscale data such as that in FIG. 7 .
- Blood vessel image temporary holding processing 36 temporarily holds the extracted blood vessel image data.
- Register-ability judgment processing 38 judges the degree of similarity of a plurality of blood vessel image data sets, in order to register a plurality of optimal blood vessel image data sets from among the plurality of blood vessel image data sets held by the blood vessel image temporary holding processing 36 , and judges register-ability.
- Registration processing 42 registers blood vessel image data judged to be registered in a storage portion 4 a .
- Registration progress output processing 40 outputs the state of progress of registration processing 42 to the display of the terminal device 3 .
- FIG. 9 shows the flow of distance/hand outline detection processing in FIG. 4
- FIG. 10 explains processing to judge the appropriateness of captured images through hand outlines.
- the distance sensor 15 is caused to measure the distance to the palm of the hand, and the output is detected.
- the detected distance and the focal length determined by the sensor and the lens 16 of the sensor unit 18 are compared, and a judgment is made as to whether the distance to the palm is within the appropriate range.
- the appropriate range may for example employ a narrow margin during registration, with the distance from the sensor unit 18 set to between 50 and 60 mm, whereas during verification, described below, the margin may be made greater, with the distance from the sensor between 40 and 70 mm. By this means, the speed of verification processing can be improved while maintaining the accuracy of registration data.
- the outline of the palm of the hand is detected from the image captured by the image capture device 1 .
- the image capture range for the hand 50 is limited to V.
- the image capture range V is set to the range in which an image of the palm of the hand, a portion of the wrist, and the bases of the five fingers is captured. By this means, the sensor unit 18 can be made smaller.
- C 1 the left edge of the hand
- C 2 between fingers
- C 3 between fingers
- C 4 between fingers
- C 5 between fingers
- C 6 the right edge of the hand, leading to the wrist
- step S 24 Next, as shown in FIG. 10 , the distance L 3 from the bottom edge VU of the frame and the lowermost position of the outline C 6 is calculated, and judgments are made as to whether the calculated distance is within a prescribed distance range, and whether there is forward-backward shifting; if there is shifting, processing proceeds to step S 28 .
- step S 14 If on the other hand in step S 14 the distance is not appropriate, when in steps S 20 to S 24 the fingers are not spread or a shift in position is detected, a judgment is made as to whether the images captured counter value ‘n’ has reached a predetermined number ‘m’ (for example, 10 times).
- the counted values are used to detect the most frequent image capture NG cause.
- a guidance screen with text for finger spreading and position shift is selected, and processing returns.
- distance shifts are the most frequent cause
- a guidance screen with text for distance shifts is selected, and processing returns.
- the image capture range is limited, outlines in a captured image are extracted, and the outlines are used to judge whether the shape of the hand in the captured image is appropriate, so that compared with conventional methods in which an image of the entire hand is captured and is compared with a basic registration pattern, appropriate palm images can be obtained much more quickly. Also, the sensor unit size can be decreased.
- image capture including distance measurement
- image capture NG occurs frequently
- these are stacked for future use, and if after a prescribed number of image captures the image capture NG has not yet been resolved, it is judged that the relation between the palm and sensor must be corrected.
- the predetermined number m for example, 10) of stacked image capture NG causes are then analyzed, and screen guidance for the manner of extension of the hand is provided according to the analysis results.
- the guidance screen does not change frequently, and so the user can fully understand the cause of the problem and can change the manner of extension of his hand.
- the hand can be moved quickly to an appropriate position and distance, and the speed of authentication can be increased.
- the most frequently occurring image capture NG is selected, and the user is notified of the cause by a screen, so that occasional image capture NG causes due to the user can be excluded, and user guidance can be executed more reliably.
- FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 explain the flow of biometrics characteristic data registration processing in the invention
- FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 explain this processing.
- the flow of processing in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 is explained in further detail, referring to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 .
- step S 46 On the other hand, if in step S 46 the extraction is not the first extraction, but is judged to be the second or a subsequent extraction, a judgment is made as to whether the extraction is the second extraction.
- the degree of similarity is a quantity indicating the extent of coincidence of the two blood vessel image patterns; various pattern matching techniques can be applied. For example, in the two grayscale representation pixel matrices for blood vessel image patterns in FIG. 7 , the pixel values (grayscale values) for a pixel of interest in the two patterns are obtained and compared. If the two coincide, a degree of similarity counter is incremented by “1”. The pixel of interest is moved, and pixel values are similarly compared to judge coincidence or non-coincidence. If the two coincide, the degree of similarity counter is incremented by “1”.
- step S 48 the degree of similarity is judged to be similar (OK)
- the second blood vessel image data set is judged to be registered
- the second blood vessel image in step S 46 is temporarily held, and processing proceeds to step S 48 .
- the degree of similarity does not exceed the threshold, the two are judged to be not similar (NG). Processing then proceeds to the repeated operation guidance message output of step S 48 .
- step S 50 If on the other hand in step S 50 the extraction is not the second, but is the third or a subsequent extraction, a judgment is made as to whether the extraction is the third extraction. If not the third extraction, processing proceeds to step S 60 of FIG. 12 .
- step S 56 the degree of similarity between the blood vessel image data extracted thus far (here, the first and second sets) and the third blood vessel image data set are similarly calculated. That is, as shown in FIG. 13 , in step S 42 the degree of similarity #1 between the second blood vessel image data set and the first blood vessel image data set is calculated. In step S 56 , the degree of similarity #3 between the third blood vessel image data set and the first blood vessel image data set, and the degree of similarity #2 between the third blood vessel image data set and the second blood vessel image data set, are calculated, and judgments made.
- step S 48 If, as a result of these comparisons, all the degrees of similarity #1, #2 and #3 are equal to or greater than the threshold, then all three are judged to be similar blood vessel images. Processing then proceeds to step S 58 in FIG. 12 . If on the other hand the comparisons of FIG. 13 indicate that any one among the degrees of similarity #1, #2, #3 does not exceed the threshold, processing returns to step S 48 .
- step S 54 If in step S 54 the extraction is not the third extraction, then a judgment is made as to whether the extraction is the limiting Nth extraction. If the limiting Nth extraction, the operator is shown an operation ended message on the display, and processing ends.
- step S 64 If all of the degrees of similarity #4, #5, #6 are equal to or greater than the threshold, the three blood vessel images with higher degrees of similarity among the first, fourth, second and third sets are judged to be similar, and processing proceeds to step S 66 . If on the other hand, in the comparisons of FIG. 14 , any one among the degrees of similarity #4, #5, #6 is judged not to exceed the threshold, processing returns to step S 48 in FIG. 11 , and fifth and subsequent images are captured, blood vessel image extraction is performed, and degree of similarity calculations and judgments are similarly performed.
- step S 68 A judgment is then made as to whether three blood vessel image data sets which are similar and can be registered have been obtained. If not obtained, processing returns to step S 48 . If obtained, the three blood vessel image data sets are registered in the storage portion 4 a , together with a user ID (account number or similar). That is, as shown in FIG. 8 , an individual ID and three blood vessel image data sets (here, series of black-and-white binary data values) are registered in the storage portion 4 a as the registered blood vessel image data of the storage portion 4 a.
- step S 60 when some phenomenon incompatible with registration occurs continuously, the burden on the operator is increased, and so a number N may be freely set, and when this number is reached a message is output instructing the user either to repeat operations from the beginning, or to consult with a teller.
- blood vessel image data is detected a plurality of times, and a plurality (here, three) of blood vessel image data sets with high degree of similarity are registered as the optimum blood vessel image data. Consequently even if there are differences in the biometrics data due to the image capture device, to changes in physical condition, or to the manner of extension of the hand or other aspects of the state of image capture, because image capture is performed a plurality of times and only optimal biometrics information with a high degree of similarity suitable for registration is registered, a plurality of sets of biometrics information can be registered which reflect differences, without lowering the accuracy of verification.
- the person performing registration (the user) were obligated to perform dozens of registration operations, the burden on the user would be excessive, and so the number of operations is limited to the number likely to be acceptable to users, and the optimal registration information is obtained from this information and is registered in the storage portion.
- the initial blood vessel image data is used as reference in performing registration.
- two blood vessel image data sets with a high degree of similarity are registered. Because the initial data is used as reference, indefinite continuation of degree of similarity calculations and judgments can be prevented.
- trial authentication is explained.
- n in the above explanation, 3 data sets
- operation to confirm the verification process is immediately executed.
- the user practices the manner of extending the hand during the next verification, and can confirm that reliable authentication using the palm of his hand is possible.
- the sense of security and reliability of the system on the part of the user is increased.
- the trial authentication is performed using the same procedure as in actual authentication. Hence the trial authentication is actual authentication processing as well. Below, the processing is explained using FIG. 15 through FIG. 17 .
- FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram of authentication processing in one aspect of the invention
- FIG. 16 shows the flow of authentication processing in FIG. 15
- FIG. 17 explains the operation therein.
- FIG. 15 portions which are the same as in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 are denoted by the same symbols. That is, the CPU of the terminal device 3 connected to the image capture device 1 executes the series of authentication processing 30 to 46 .
- hand outline detection processing 30 detects the outline of the hand from an image captured by the image capture device 1 , and from the outline judges whether the image can be used in registration and verification processing. For example, the palm of the hand may or may not appear adequately in the image.
- Guidance message output processing 32 outputs to the display of the terminal device 3 a message to guide the palm of the hand leftward, rightward, forward or backward when the image cannot be used in registration and verification processing. By this means, the user at the terminal device 3 is guided in extending the user's hand over the image capture device 1 .
- blood image extraction processing 34 extract a vein image from the image of the hand. That is, as explained using FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 , grayscale data of the image of the palm of the hand is obtained from differences in reflectivity, as in FIG. 6 .
- registered blood vessel image search processing 46 searches the storage portion 4 a for three registered blood vessel image data sets R 1 , R 2 , R 3 corresponding to the individual ID (account number).
- verification processing 44 compares the blood vessel image data A detected by the blood vessel image detection processing 34 with the three registered blood vessel image data sets R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , performs verification processing, and outputs a verification result.
- FIG. 16 A more detailed explanation is given using FIG. 16 .
- the ID (account number) presented by the user is employed to read the three corresponding registered blood vessel image data sets R 1 , R 2 , R 3 in the storage portion 4 a.
- Hand outline detection processing 30 is performed to detect the outline of the hand from the image captured by the image capture device 1 , and the outline is used to judge whether the image can be used in verification processing. If the palm image is not sufficiently present or other problems occur, an NG judgment is returned, and the above-described guidance message output processing 32 is performed to output to the display of the terminal device 3 a message guiding the palm of the hand leftward, rightward, forward or backward.
- blood vessel image extraction processing 34 extracts a vein image from the image of the hand.
- the first registered blood vessel image data set R 1 and the extracted blood vessel image data A are compared, and the degree of similarity calculated.
- the degree of similarity is a quantity indicating the extent of coincidence of the two blood vessel image patterns; various pattern matching techniques can be applied. If the degree of similarity is equal to or greater than a threshold determined in advance, the two are judged to be similar (OK), authentication is successful, and processing ends.
- step S 76 On the other hand, if in step S 74 the degree of similarity does not exceed the threshold, a judgment of non-similarity (NG) is returned.
- the second registered blood vessel image data set R 2 is then compared with the extracted blood vessel image data A, and the degree of similarity is calculated. If the degree of similarity is equal to or greater than a threshold determined in advance, the two are judged to be similar (OK), authentication is successful, and processing ends.
- step S 78 On the other hand, if in step S 76 the degree of similarity does not exceed the threshold, a judgment of non-similarity (NG) is returned.
- the third registered blood vessel image data set R 3 is then compared with the extracted blood vessel image data A, and the degree of similarity is calculated. If the degree of similarity is equal to or greater than a threshold determined in advance, the two are judged to be similar (OK), authentication is successful, and processing ends. If however the degree is not exceeded over the threshold, a judgment of non-similarity (NG) is returned, and processing ends with an error.
- biometrics authentication was explained for the case of authentication using the vein pattern in the palm of a hand; but application to other biometrics authentication employing palm-prints or other features of the hand is possible. Also, the explanation assumed financial operations, but application to any task requiring individual authentication is possible.
- Verification (authentication) processing is performed by the same method as in FIG. 15 through FIG. 17 , and is executed by the service area terminal 8 or ATM 6 of FIG. 1 .
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Also Published As
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KR20060045730A (en) | 2006-05-17 |
JP4601380B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
KR100716526B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
CN1758264A (en) | 2006-04-12 |
US20060078170A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
JP2006107401A (en) | 2006-04-20 |
CN100353380C (en) | 2007-12-05 |
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