US768128A - Oil-lamp. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED AUG. 23, 1904. Y

' L. JOHNSON.

OIL LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.11, 1903.

N0 MODEL.

UNITED STATES Patented August 23, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

GIL-LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 768,128, dated. August 23, 1904.

Application filed November 11, 1908. Serial No. 180,659. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, LU'rE JOHNSON, of Old Orchard, in the county of York and State of Maine, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oil-Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to oil-lamps, and particularly to those burning oil of the grade of kerosene, the use of which as a fuel for signal-lamps in railway-switches, semaphores, &c., is practically universal, these lamps being distinguished from what are ordinarily called in railway practice lanterns which burn paraflin-oil.

The objects of the invention are to provide improved combustion, a decreased consumption of oil, and less liability to extinguishment of the flame from drafts and jars.

With the ordinary wick occupying the Whole of the wick-tube the vaporization of the oil takes place practically only at the end of the wick and is very rapidly succeeded by combustion, and in the ordinary kerosenelamp unless the supply of air is abundant and properly directed against the flame combustion is imperfect and smoking occurs. In such lamps it is usual to employ the element called the cone embracing and rising above the end of the wick-tube and constituting practically a chimney between which and the wick-tube a supply of air passes. The cone, however, cuts off part of the light of the flame, which might otherwise radiate laterally. Such lamps, moreover, are rather easily extinguished by the drafts and jars experienced in railroad work and are often melted down on very windy nights.

A feature of my present invention is the provision of a vaporizing-space back of the orifice of the burner-tube in which an initial vaporization of the oil takes place, and as the vapor there formed is created in a protected locality the flame is less easily blown or jarred out.

A further feature is the formation of the Wick and wick-tube with tapered ends, the

, end of the wick only partially filling the orifice of the wick-tube, so that a vaporizingspace is formed, and, although the main body of the Wick, which is of full width, is available for capillary action, thus giving an abundant supply and free flow of oil nearly to the point of combustion, vaporization does not take place wholly from the end of the wick. I have found that with this construction combustion is more complete and the supply of oil necessary to maintain a flame of given brilliancy is very much reduced. I/Vith my improved burner it is unnecessary to employ the cone usually used on kerosene-burners, and the whole light of the flame is therefore exposed, a flame of such character being more efficient than the ordinary flame when placed behind the lens of a signal-lantern and being also more suitable for use with reflectors.

Of the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a perspective view, partly in section, showing a lamp-burner constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 represents a sectional view of the burner-tube, showing the wick. Fig. 3 represents a perspective view showing the end section of the burnertube detached from the base of the burner.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all the figures.

In the drawings, 10 is the font or reservoir, and 11 is the burner-base screwed into the neck of said font and provided with the usual wick-raising spindle 12.

13 is the wick-tube permanently founded in or attached to the base 11 and of flattened section to receive a flat or ribbon wick 14:, said wick-tube forming the lower or posterior section of the wick-tube of the burner as constructed according to this invention.

The outer or end section 15 of the wick-tube is in the form of a detachable member whose posterior portion is formed with parallel side and edge walls constructed to fit closely around the tube-section 13 with a frictional hold. The edge Walls are bent inward at the upper end so that the end portion 16 of said member is tapered to a contracted orifice 17, which is much smaller than the bore of said member. The end portion 18 of the wick is likewise tapered, and its extreme end only partially fills the orifice 17 of the tube when the Wick is properly out according to the invention. The tube member 15 should have a more abrupt taper than the wick, as illustrated, so that there may always be vaporchambers between' the wick and tube. The vapor-chambers between the wick and the wick-tube are designated by the numeral 19.

A burner constructed as described gives the results and advantages hereinbefore indicated. The Wick-tube members or sections 15 may, if desired, be supplied for railway-signal or other lamps of ordinary construction, the usual wick-tube 13 being cut down, if necessary, to produce the flame at the proper height.

The provision of the vaporizingchamber or cavity between the wick and the wick-tube is an important feature of the invention, since thereby a certain amount of vapor is always maintained in said chamber to hold or keep the flame from being easily extinguished by the Wind or sudden drafts of air (as in the passing of trains) or jars.

Another feature of the invention upon which special stress may be laid is the tapering of the wick at its end, so that a larger supply of oil is provided than is actually needed for direct consumption in order that there may be a suflicient vaporization of oil in the vaporizing-chamber to give a strong and steady light.

It will be observed in connection with Figs. 2 and 3 that the wick-tube end section 16 is vertically adjustable with relation to the memher or section 13, the frictional engagement of the two being sufficient to hold the member 15 in the position in which it is placed. By this means I am enabled to locate the flame with exactitude with relation to the magnifying-lens of a lamp.

I claim 1. In an oil-burner, a wick and a wick-tube so related as to form a vaporizing-cavity between them adjacent the end of the wick, said cavity being closed to the admission of air below the upper extremity of said wick-tube.

2. In an oil-burner, a wick-tube tapering to a contracted orifice, and a wick therein having its end portion tapered with relation to its body, the end of said wick only partially filling said contracted orifice.

3. In an oil-burner, a wick-tube tapering to a contracted orifice, and a wick therein having a tapered end portion, the taper of the tube being more abrupt than that of the wick. r 4. In an oil-burner, a burner-base provided with a permanently-founded wick-tube section, a wick and a wick-tube end section detachably mounted on said permanently-f0unded section and so related to said wick as to form a vaporizing-cavity between them adjacent the end of the wick, said cavity being closed to the entrance of air below the upper end of said end section.

5. In an oil-burner, a burner-base provided with a permanently-f0unded wick-tube section, a tapered wick in the wick-tube, and a tapered wick-tube end section mounted detach ably on said permanently-f0unded section to permit its removal for the purpose of cutting the wick to tapered form, said end section fitting said wick-tube section closely to prevent the entrance of air between them.

6. A flat wick-tube end section for oil-lamps having its edge walls bent inward to form an orifice smaller than the bore of said tube.

7 A wick-tube end section or member flattened to conform to a flat wick, said member having an anterior portion tapering to a contract'ed orifice and a posterior portion with parallel side and edge walls adapting it to be frictionally fitted to the permanently-founded wick-tube of a burner-base to prevent the entrance of air between them.

8. In an oil-burner, a burner-base provided with a wick-tube section, a wick which substantially fills said section and having a tapering end, and a wick-tube end section closely fitting said first-mentioned section and tapered at its extremity to form a contracted orifice, said wick and wick-tube end section being related to provide a vaporizing-cavity between them closed to the entrance of air from below.

9. In an oil-burner. a substantially flat wicktube having a contracted orifice at its upper end, and a substantially flat wick reduced at its upper end so as to partially fill said contracted orifice, the upper ends of said wicktube and said wick being related. to form a vaporizing-chamber between them which is closed to the entrance of air below the upper end of said wick-tube.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

LU'IE JOHNSON.

IVitnesses:

R. M. PIERSON, A. C. RATIGAN.

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