US711898A - Sewed-warp fabric. - Google Patents

Description

- Q/wvenor. M26' 64%7 J. W. HYATT.

SEWED WAHP FABRIC.

(Application med Mr. 1'1, 1901'. Renewed Miu'. 27, 1 902.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEETCE.

J OIjIN W. HYATT, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

SEWED-WARP FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 711,898, dated October 21, 1902. Application filed March 11. 1901. Renewed March 27, 1902. Serial No. 100,177. (No model.)

T0 @ZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN W. HYATT, a citizen of the United States, residing at No. 141 Commerce street, Newark, county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sewed-Warp Fabrics, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

The object of the present invention is to furnish a novel fabric in which a layer of warp-threads is united by stitching-threads in a sewing-machine. Such fabric forms a continuous iiat band adapted for many uses, as ribbons,neckties,drivingfbelts for machinery, rugs, dto. In the manufacture of this fabric a series of warp-threads is drawn from suitable spools and led through a guide to form a layer across the needle-bed of a sewing-machine and a row of needles is provided with stitching-th reads and operated to form zigzag stitches upon the surface of the layer, so as to connect the warp-threads together laterally. The several stitching-threads are conveniently connected together upon the under side of the fabric by a continuous lock-thread eX- tended back and forth across the Vwidth of the layer and passed through all the loops of the stitching-threads. The engagement of the lock-thread with the stitching-threads at opposite edges of the layer serves to fold the stitching-threads over the edges of the band and form a strong and even selvage. The loop of the lock-thread which is carried by the forward end of the looper is readily engaged with the stitching-thread at the outer edge of the fabric by means :of a shuttle worked transverse to the thickness of the fabric. To make zigzag stitches, the needles are preferably mounted upon a reciprocating or vibrating carrier, and where the carrier is reciprocated a distance equal to the space between the needles the warp threads are formed into parallel strands each equal in width to such space and the stitching-thread of each needle is carried back and forth over the top of the same strand. With such a movement of the needles the strands are connected together only by the transverse locking-threads upon the under side of the fabric, as none of the stitching-threads extend from the body of one strand into the body of another strand. By doubling the stroke of the l needle-carrier each needle-thread is carried back and forth over two of the strands, thus locking them together laterally, while the alternate needles upon the needle-carrier lock different pairs of the strands together, so that the whole is firmly united independent of-the locking-threads. Other proportions of the stroke to the distance between the needles may be made, and the disposition of the stitches upon the surface and the grouping of the warpthreads into strands may be correspondingly modified. While the needles are in the fabric the feed mechanism is reversed and the warp pulled slightly backward, which operates like the lay in a loom to beat the stitches closely together, and the successive rows of stitchingthreads are thus pressed firmly into contact with one another and serve to cover the entire surface of the fabric with the stitchingthreads. Thefabricproduced bysewingwith a gang of needles operating across the entire width of the fabric cau be produced with much greater rapidity and cheapness than by Weaving, as the needles travel only a very short distance compared with the movement v of a shuttle, which is-thrown across the entire width of the fabric.

In making a fabric by my invention the stitchingthreads may when arranged to wholly cover the Warp be made of an entirely-different class of material (as silk or worsted) from the warp-threads, which may be made of cotton, jute, or any cheap bers possessing the required strength. A ribbon or necktie having an entire silk surface and a cotton warp may be produced by my invention, or a rug having an all-wool surface and a jute warp may be produced, thus forming an ornamental and valuable article at very cheap cost. By supplying different needles or groups of needles (upon the needlecarrier) with threads of different colors or material bands and stripes or blocks of various breadths may be formed upon the surface of the fabric and the latter thus ornamented in a considerable degree.

The invention will be understood by reference to the annexed drawings, in which- Figure l represents the face of a band having the zigzag stitches formed upon its surface without crowding and the stitchingstitching-threads carried across two of the warp-strands, thus bringing the stitchingloops in continuous rows. outer edge of the band with the loops of the lock-threads and stitching-threads united by a shuttle-thread. Fig. 5 shows the inner edge of the band where the lock-threads are engaged directly with the loops of the stitching-threads. Fig. 6 is a cross-section of the band through one row of `the stitches; and Fig. 7 shows the under side of a band with the stitches carried across one and a half of the warp-strands, thus making two rows of the stitching-loops upon the under side of the fabric. Fig. 8 is a cross-section, and Fig. 9 a perspective View, both of diagrammatic character, showing the operation of stitching the fabric. Fig. l0 is a cross-section, and Fig. l1 a short piece, of a hand treated with belt-stuffing or waterproof coating; and Fig. l2 is a View upon a greatly-reduced scale 0f a' rug of such fabric.

In Figs. S and 9 g designates the warpthreads, which serve to form the strands b shown in the other figures. c designatesthe stitching-threads, which operate where carried through the fabric to produce'loops d, all of which are engaged and secured by lockthreads e.

To explain the nature of the fabric more clearly, I have shown in Figs. 8 and 9 a part of the means for constructing such fabric. In Fig. 9 the warp threads g are carried through a guide-platej and thence across the needle bed f underneath a foot a, and the stitches are formed by a row of needles h, which are shown in Fig. 8 notched upon the front side to permit the looper i to move past` their faces and carry the lock thread e through the loops d. The warp-threads are delivered to the guide-platej under tension and are kept stretched across the needle-bed by feed-rolls o, which are rotated after each reciprocation of the needles to feed the warp forward. The foot a has gages at the ends to determine the width of the layer of warpthreads, and the endneedles in the row pass alternately outside each edge of the layer to loop the stitching-threads over the edge of the band to form a selvage. The needles are shown in Fig. 8 attached to a carrier la, which can he vibrated upon the vertically-reciproeating needle-bar Z to form the zigzag stitches in the usual manner. The needle-threads are carried over the top of the foot aand undera guidebar,which is shown only in Fig. 8. This guide-bar is omitted from Fig. 9, as it forms no part of the present invention.

Fig. 4 shows the continuous kthe closed loop at theou'ter end of the lock-thread cannot beengaged directly with the closed loop d of the stitching-thread, and a shuttle-thread fn. (see Figs. 3 and 7) is therefore used to join such closed loops, the shuttle in practice being reciprocated transversely at the edge of the fabric through the loop of the lock-thread beyond its engagement with the last of the stitching-thread loops.

The shifting of the needles in forming the zigzag stitches pierces the layer of warpthreads at regular points in its breadth and operates to divideit into the warp-strands b. (Shown in Fig. 6.)

The warp strands are separated by the rows of loops d, which are carried through the layer by the needles, and where the vibration of the carrier is a multiple of the space between lthe needles the loops form straight lines upon the under side of the fabric, as shown in Fig. 3, as each needle when shifted passes through the fabric upon the same line as some preceding needle. Figs. 2, 3, and 6 show the stitching-threads c thus carried across two of the warp-strands h by a vibration of the needle-carrier twice as great as the space between the needles, which brings the rows of loops d in straight lines upon the under side of the fabric. It may be assumed that Fig. 7 shows the loops d one-quarter of an inch apart in the rows transverse to the band, and such assumption would indicate a space of one-quarter of an inch between the needles upon their carrier; but the vibration of the carrier is such that the stitching-threads cross one of the loopstrands h and penetrate the center of the next one, the path of the needle over the surface of the fabric being indicated by the zigzag dotted line s. Such vibration with needles spaced one-quarter inch apart would need to be three-eighths of an inch, and other such vibrations are obviously possible. Three variations in the appearance of the stitches are thus shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 7, and others may obviously be formed with the same means. By making the feed long enough the zigzagstitching threads may be spread apart upon the surface of the fabric, as shown in Fig. 1, and the stitching-threads correspondingly inclined; but the stitches may be laid quite close together by suitably diminishing the feed and still closer together by a reverse movement of the feed-rolls o while the needles are in the fabric. This causes the tension of the warp-threads to draw the preceding rows of stitches firmly against the row last formed, and thus crowd or beat the rows of stitches close together, as shown in Fig. 2. As only the alternate loops of the stitchingthreads cross the edge of the fabric to form the selvage, as shown in Fig. 2, they are free to spread laterally, and thus in practice operate to fully cover and conceal the warpstrands at the edge. As the lock-thread is continuous and is vibrated back and forth IOO IIO

across the under side of the fabric and locked in the selvage at both edges of the same, it is obvious that the fabric cannot be raveled when cut transversely, as the lock-thread, which is secured at both edges of the fabric, engages all the loops of the stitching-threads intermediate to both edges. Fig. 12 shows a rug made by such process having a width equal to that of the row of needles upon the needle-carrier and any length that may be cut from the web produced. The ends of the rug are shown formed of the frayed strands b, and five patches of lighter color are shown upon the surface of the rug, which would be formed by supplying the needles traversing such portion of the fabric with lighter-colored thread for a sucient length of time to produce the blocks or patches shown, the lightcolored thread being then removed from such needles and the same colored thread supplied that is used for the body of the stitching.

Owing to the longitudinal disposition of the strands b, the fabric makes a very strong and efficient belt for driving machinery. The bers of such belt may be compacted by treatment with any suitable belt-stuffing which will leave the belt pliable. The surface of the belt is then waterproofed by any of the wellknown belt-dressings which have an elastic and adhesive character, and the belt then presents a comparatively smooth surface, as shown'in Figs. l0 and 1l. In this belt the longitudinal strands sustain the pulling strain, While the transverse stitching-threads furnish a strong grip for the belt-hooks, fasteners, or lacings where they are applied to join the ends of the belt. I have foundby experience that such stitching of the longitudinal strands together enables the fasteners to make a durable and strong joint, which is absolutely required in a driving-belt. I have claimed such a belt as a specific form of my invention.

Having thus set forth the nature of the invention, what is claimed herein isl. A fabric comprising` a continuous layer of longitudinal warp-threads, longitudinal rows of stitching-threads having series of stitches disposed transversely to such warpthreads and having loops extended through the layer, and a continuous lock-thread extended back and forth across the Width of the layer and engaged with all the loops of the stitching-threads.

2. A fabric comprising a continuous layer of longitudinal warp-threads, longitudinal rowsof stitching-threads having series of stitches disposed transversely to the Warpthreads and having corresponding series of loops extended through the layer, and a continuous lock-thread extended back and forth across the width of the layer to engage all the loops of the stitching-threads, and the stitching-threads looped over ,the edges of the layer and engaged with the loops of such lockthreads to form a selvage thereon.

3. A fabric comprising a layer of longitudinal warp-threads, series of stitching-threads disposed transversely to the Warp-threads and having loops extended in rows through the layer, and a continuous lock-thread extended back and forth across the width of the layer to engage all the loops of the stitching-threads excepting the last, and such last loop being engaged with the loop of the lock-thread by a separate shuttle-thread, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. A fabric comprising a continuous layer of longitudinal Warpthreads, longitudinal rows of stitching-threads which form strands of the warp-threads, the stitching-threads being zigzagged or vibrated transversely to the warp thread and having' loops extended through the layer, a continuous lock-thread extended back and forth across the width of the layer and engaged with all the loops of the stitching-threads, and the lateral extension or zigzag motion of such stitching-threads being a multiple of the breadth of a single strand, substantially as herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN W. HYATT.

Witnesses:

THOMAs S. CRANE, L. LEE.

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