US707216A - Steam-boiler. - Google Patents

Description

No. 7o7,2| s. Patented Aug 19, |902.

H. A. uc,l1n. STEAM BILER.

(No Model.)

l IHIIIINNIIHIIIUIU? i'lllllll,

IIIHIH lzo UNITED STATES? vPAT,lsNT CFFICE.

unnnvnfnucgun., or CHARLESTON, sourucARoLiNA.

STEAM-BO'ILER.

SPCFICATIONformng part'of Letters Patent-No. 707,216, datedAugust -19, 1902. Application filed September 3, 1901. Serial No. 74,149. (Nomodel.)

To all whom/ it mayconc'crn:

Be it known that I, HENRYA. DU C, J r., of Charleston; in thecounty of Charleston and State of South Carolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Stearn.

Boilers; and I hereby declarey that the follow in g is a full, clear, and exact description there` of, reference being hadito lthe accompanying d rawings, which form part of this specifica-v tion.

This invention isan improvement in furnaces for burning fine'or pulverized and liq-- uid fuels and gases, and it has particular ref-A erence to boilerefurnaces of the internal-firechalnber type; andvits object is to produce a rapid continuous gyration or circulation of ,the combustible gases in the furnace during the oxidation thereof, so Y that the burning gases will sweep over and around all the interior walls of the furnace, applying heat to every portion thereof, thus obtaining the utmost efficiency and economy in fuel and at `the same time permitting a utilization of the space ordinarily occupied by grates, bridgewalls, and ash-chambers as part of the activel invention, showing various -modications of interior construction.

apparatus capable of use in connection therewith, and the following description thereof will impart a clear understanding of the in-` vention, the essential features wherein the invention'consists beingsummarized in the claims following the description.

, In said drawings, Figurelis a longitudinal vertical section through a stationary boiler, showing one form of feeding apparatus'. Fig. 2 is a similar section through a locomotiveboiler furnace, showing a preferred form of Fig. 3 is an end View of Fig. 1, partly in section. Fig. 4 is a detail transverse section of one of the perforated channeled fire-bricks in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 isa detail view of aA modified form `of fuel-injecting head. Fig. 6 is a detail.

Adesignatesa boiler,within which is secured a corrugatedk furnace B. The boiler Vmaybe of anysuitable form;v butxthe furnaceB is cylindrical and annularly or spirallycorrugated andv is steamftightly united at its endsto the heads of the boilerfthrough which the furnace opens. y

The-'fuel (which may be pulverized coal, coke, &c., or hydr ocarbon oils or mixtures thereof) isfintroduced into the feed end of the furnace through a pipe C, this'end of the furnace'being otherwise suitably closed by a door or cover A'. Pipe C communicates with a hopper C', intowhieh the fuel is fed, and

thellattermay be forcibly impelled into the furnaceby a forced draft caused by the fan or-motor D, which may be of 'anysuitable construction. The;inner end of pipe C connects With a head-,or chamber," which is arranged to direct the incoming fuel and air tangentially or spirally .outward Yand against the inner walls ofthe furnace, thereby causing the currents of fuel to gyrate and rotate circumferentiallytherein, as indicated by ar- Y rows, this gyration beingincreased by the eX- pansion of gases caused by ignition and oxi dation` thereof. The particular form of the .head lor chamber may be varied, and I have indicated several forms' in' the drawings. In

Figs. 1 and 3 three' radiating curved arms E are connected to the in ner end of pipe C, and through these the. fuel-gases, dac.; are projected tangentially against ;the inner walls of the furnace B. In Fig. 5 a cluster ofcurved injecting-pipes E are connected to the inner end of pipel C. In Figs. 2 and 4C a channeled hollowcylindrical hre-brick chamber is shown, which is of less exteriorlldiameterthan the internal diameter of the furnace andis composed'ofa series of bricks centered in the furnace by means of exterior'spirally-inclined lugsl or projections F', andi said bricks are provided with a series of circumferential'and tangential jet-passages f, through which the gases are ejected with greatviolence against the internal wall of the boiler B.

I prefer,

loofin Fig. 2, and preferably the inner Wall of this chamber F is also annularly corrugated, as shown at F2 in Fig. 2, which will assist in causing the gases to pass through the jetopeningsfinto the annular space G between the outer walls of the chamber F and the iuner Wall of the furnace B.

To assist in mixing and imparting violent eddying or gyrations to the fuel, spiral deflectors c may be placed in the inner end of feed-pipe C, as indicated in Fig. 6. The inner end of the cylindrical chamber F is closed by a fire-brick end piece j, as indicated in Fig. 2, so that the gases must pass out through the openings fand against the walls of furnace B. The gases escape eventually from furnace B in to breeching J, thence back through the tubes a to stack K. On a locomotive they would pass from the cinderbox to the stack as usual.

Operation: The fuel is injected into the furnace in such manner that the burning gases are caused to rotate or gyrate circumferentially therein, their longitudinal passage therethrough being retarded both by their gyrating motion and by the corrugations of the furnace, which corrugations form detaining channels or traps, in which the gases travel, and by their rapid rotary movement the burning gases sweep around the furnace, contacting with and imparting heat to the entire walls thereof and being thrown and held in contact therewith by their centrifugal action. The velocity of the gyrating eurrents of burning gases depends, of course, upon the force with which the fuel is injected into the furnace, and their injection may be caused by propulsion of gases by pumps or motors D or by suction from the outlet end of furnace, which suction may be caused, like ordinary natural draft, by the height of stack, or, on locomotives, by the exhaust, or both forced injection and suction may be used to produce the desired violent gyration of the burning gases. No grate being used, the gases can come directly into contact with everyportion-top, sides, and bottom-of the interior walls of the cylindrical furnace, and the natural tendency of the hot gases to collect at the top of the furnace is prevented by the forced circumferential gyrations of the gaseous currents, so that heat is applied to all portions of the furnace practically uniformly, and all parts of the surface of the furnace are utilized as heating-surfaces. Vhere the cylindrical fire-brick chamber F is employed, it causes a thorough colnmingling of the gases in the internal chamber H. Then these gases pass in tangentialjets into the exterior annular chamber G, wherein they circulate circumferentially around the bricks and against the inner walls of the furnace, thoroughly heating every part thereof, and the bricks F2, becoming intensely heated, constitute a large body of highly-heated matter Within the furnace, which will assist in heating the walls thereof by radiation and convection and also facilitate and insure the vaporization of the fuel and thorough oxidation of the gases passing therethrough.

Another advantage of the invention resides in the tendency of the gyrating gases to delay the longitudinal flow of the heat caused by the exhaust, thereby giving more time for the transmission of heat into the boiler. The corrugations also will retard endward advancement and premature escape of the burning gases.

The valuable feature of causing a circumferential gyration or whirling of the gases along, around, and within the annular internal furnace is of great practical value, and this important feature of the invention can be obviously realized by various modifications ofthe fuel-feeding means, and therefore I do not Wish to confine myself to the particular constructions shown,except where speciiically mentioned in the claims.

Having thus described myinvention, what I therefore claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent thereon, is

l. The combination of an internal cylindrical furnace, an annular fire-brick chamber therein having tangentiallyarranged passages for the escape of the gases, and means for introducing fuel into said chamber, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a furnace, the combination of a cylindrical intern ally-corrugated fire-chamber,and a jet-head located Within the fire-chamber through which the fuel is introduced thereto, said head causing the burning gases to gyrate in the fire-chamber, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of the boiler, a cylindrical internally-corrugated furnace arranged Within the same, a jet-head located Within the furnace for causing the burning gases to gyrate violently within said furnace and against the walls thereof, and means for feeding fine fuel to the jet-head, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of the boiler, a cylindrical internally and annularly corrugated furnace arranged wi thin the same, a jet-head located within the furnace for causing the burning gases to gyrate violently within and circumferentially of said furnace and against the walls thereof, and means for feeding fine fuel to the jet-head, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In a boiler-furnace, the combination of a boiler, a cylindrical furnace therein, and a cylindrical re -brick chamber within said furnace provided with tangentially-disposed openings for the escape of gases whereby the latter are caused to circulate circumferentially Within the furnace, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination ofa boiler, acorrugated cylindrical furnace therein, a cylindrical lirebrick chamber Within said furnace provided with a series of tangentially-disposed openings for the escape of gases, whereby the latter are directed against the inner wall of the IOO IIO

furnace and caused tocircuiate circuinfereml tially within the furnace andaround said firebrick chamber,` substantially asl and for the purpose described. 4

7. In a boiler-furnace, the combination of a boiler, a cylindrical furnace therein, a cylindrical fire-brick chamber'within" the `furl nace composed of "aseries of annular firebricks having tangential gas-passages, andmeans for'feeding fuel into 'said chamber, the' gases jetted from said chamber beingcaused to gyrate in the annular space between, the

outer walls of'said chamber.' and the inner wall of.' the furnace, substantially' as de`` scribed.

, 8. In a bruler-furnace, ythe combination of a boiler,` an internal vcircumferentiaily-corrugated cylindrical furnace, a cylindrical fire- "twov Witnesses.

brick chamber Within the furnace, said chamber being coinposedvof a series of annular-.fire- 'bricks having tangential fuel-passages, .and

provided with external.l lugs spacing them fromth'ewalls'of the furnace, andnieans for feeding fuel into said` chamber, the gases jetted i from said. chamber being -caused to gyrate in the annular space between the outer Walls of said chamber and .the innertvvall of the furnace, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

In testimony thatI claim the foregoing as my ovvn I ax my signature in presence of HENRY A. DUC,'JR. In presence of- JAMES R. MANSFIELD, ARTHUR E DovvELL.l

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