US704713A - Explosive-engine. - Google Patents

Description

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'E xPLoslv'E ENGINE.- (apumi'bp med Jan. l1v, 1901,)

(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MATHIAS J. KLEIN, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

ExPLoslvE-ENGINE.

sPncIFIcATIoN forming part of Lea-.ers rates No. 704,713, dated July f1 5, 1902.

Application tiled January 1'7, 1901. Serial No. 43.659. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom, it 711/053/ concern: Be it known that I, MArnIAs J. KLEIN, .a

citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Baltimore, State of Maryland, have in- Vented certain new and useful Improvemen ts in Explosive-Engines, of 'whichthe following is a speciiication. Y

This invention relates to gas, oil, and other explosive-engines of the four-cycle type. In

'piston extension on theV compression side of the cylinder-and also to add other improve-l ments regarding cylinder-cooling. I reduce vthereby not only the loss of heat transmitted through the cylinder-walls, but also simplify the cooling of the cylinder', and the engine will properly work under much varied condision side of the piston. The increase in length tions-for instance, high speed or low speed of the engine, use of different kinds of oil or gas, high or low compression of the explosive gas and air mixture before ignition. In order `,to accomplish this, the cylinder and piston are increased in their lengths on the compresis equal tothe length of the piston-stroke or Said increases are called in the following cylinder extension and piston e`X- tension. The former has the same diameter` as the cylinder; but the piston extension is slightly smaller in diameter than the piston.

That part of the cylinder which guides the piston is lubricated on the inside and cooled on the outside by a water-jacket. Air-ribs on the outside of the water-jacket cool the water inside of the jacket. The cylinder extension which incloses the compression-space has a removable insulation on the outside. The dry air in the hollow space of the piston eX- tension represents an insulation on the inside of the latter.

This invention is fully illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section of a single-acting cylinder of an explosive-engine of the four-cycle type'provided with my improvement. v-The position of the piston is to the extreme left. Fig. 2 shows the same section of the cylinder with the piston in side View and in the position to the extreme right. v The same parts are marked with the same letters in bothiigures.

Those parts of the explosive-engine not l shown may be of any suitable construction.

Thevalves not shown) are cooled in the usual way by air-ribs or a water-jacket.v

Referring to Fig. l, A is the cylinder which guides the pistou D. The latter-is connected by the connecting-rod F to the crank-shaft of the engine.- (Not shown.) A0, from A2 to A3, represents the cylinder extension. "It has the same diameter asA,and its insulation C must betireproof. The latter consists of two or more parts which areconnected together by means of the screws o 0. The whole insulation C can therefore quickly and easily beremoved from lthe cylinder extension A(l and put again around the same when required. The cylinder A, from A to la, comes in touch "with piston D and must be lubricated, which is done in some suitable Way. (Not shown.)

` Cylinder A is cooled from A2 tol bythe water-jacket B. Zimay come more or less near toA. l yThe air-ribs Baround the water-jacket-B cool the Water inside of the jacket, and this vWater cools the cylinder in a more uniform' Way than air-ribs alone coulddo it, kThe openings band bf on. thehighest and lowest point of the` water-jacket may be connected on the outside vofthe lcylinder 'by a circulating-pipe open on its highestpoint to the at- Inosphere,oi` h ymaybe closed by the smallv water-cock H,Fig. 2,and b connected by a pipe to the small water-tank G,open on its top to the atmosphere and having a higher position than the water-jacket B, or h may be open to the atmosphere, as shown in Fig; l, (h' being closed,) or to the opening b may be connected a check-valve opening to the outside and itsV valve pressing only lightly on its seat. In either of these cases there will be practically only atmospheric pressure (or a lower pressure) inside of the Water-jacket Brand therefore the-water in the jacket will not have a higher temperature than 212 Fahrenheit. The water-jacket cooling the valves of the en gine may have connection withjacketB. All

the Water in the latter and in tank G may be taken out by means of water-cock H, Fig. 2.-

The pistou D, from D' to D2, with its piston-rings m near D2, is guided and cooled by cylinder A. The piston extension D0, from D2 to D3, is a little smaller in diameter than piston D. Its smaller diameter may be uniform, or it may decrease slightly from D2 to D2. This piston extension D comes, therefore, never in touch with cylinder A or its extension A0. It removes the compressionspace with its very-hot walls away from the Water-jacket B.

't' D2, equal yto 7a D2, Fig. 2, represents the length of the piston-stroke, which is something shorter than the length of the piston extension D2 D3. D2 moves between 7c and D2, and D3 between 'L' and I)3 or D3 and h, Fig. l. The limit A2 between water-jacketB and. insulation C is placed about midway between D2 and 72, or between 7.-: and D3, Fig. 2. The

plate D4 (consisting of one or more parts and connected by means of the screws CZ d to ring D5 inside of the piston) closes the hollow spaceEof the piston extension. The inclosed dry air or' gas in E serves as an insulation, so that not much heat can escape through the open piston end D'.

The thin cylindrical ring of gas around the piston extension D0 moves with the piston forward and backward. It takes up heat from the hot walls of the cylinder extension A0 when the pistou is moving to the left and gives this heat oif to the cooling-Water When the piston moves to the right. The amount of heat, however, transmitted in this way to the cooling-water is very small, because the said gas rin, r is very thin. (The diameter of the pislon extension from D2 to D3 is only one or two per cent. smaller than the diameter of the cylinder.) Another small amount of heat will travel from the hot compression-space through the metals of A0 and D0 to the cool places A2 and D2 and will also be taken up by the cooling-water in the water-jacket, and some heat will go through' theinsulation C to the surrounding atmosphere; but all these losses of heat represent only a small part of the quantity of heat which goes through the cylinderwalls` when the compression-space is directly cooled by a water-jacket or air-ribs. Usually the amount of heat transmitted to the Water in jacket B will be so small that the air-ribs B will be able to take o all this heat, and consequently no evaporation of the Water in jacket B takes place, and therefore said Water will last for a long while. Should by a high speed of the engine the air-ribs B not be able totake olf all the heat transmitted to the water in jacket B, then of course some water in the latter would evaporate and escape through the opening b as steamto the atmospheraand therefore the water-tank G has to be filled up with water from time to time, so that the water-jacket B is always full of water when the machine is in operation. There, however, is no need for au extra Water-cooler, and no Water-circulating pump is required. Y The cooling of the cylinder is therefore a simple mattei', and as the tem'- perature of. the water in jacket B does not go over 212 Fahrenheit there will be no trouble in regard to piston lubrication.

When the' engine is used as a gas-engine or the engine using au oil having a low boilingpoint-for instance, gasolene-and the compression of the explosive-gas mixture before its ignition is low, in such cases the average temperature of the Walls of the compressionspace will be moderatelyhigh and the engine having a construction as before described will Work well; but in case an oil having a high boiling-point is used in the enginefor instance, ordinary kerosene, as used in lam ps--and the compression of the explosivegas mixture is very high before ignition of the same in such cases the average temperature of the walls of the compression-space will be much hi gher,as before, the explosive-gas mixture may be ignited too early by these hot walls, and consequently the engine Vwill not work properly or may no t Work at all under such conditions. In such cases the removing of the insulation C and of piston-plate D4 will restore the proper Working of the engine. By taking out the screws (marked c and d) the insulation C and plate E4 can both easily be removed. Now more heat will go through the Walls A0 and -DO to the surrounding atmosphere. economical as before; but the temperature of the walls of the compression-space Will be kept sufficiently low for a proper working'of the engine.

The shape of the air-ribs around the Waterjacket B may be different from the shape shown in the drawings. The larger the surface of these ribs the better is their cooling effect. Whatever the position of the explosive-cylinder may be, b is always the highest and b' the lowest point of the water-jacket B, and the latter is so constructed that any steam produced inside of the jacket can escape at b. Usually,^however, such steamis condensed inside of the jacket by the cooling effect of the air-ribs B. j'

The cylinder and its extension are shown in the drawings as one piece of metal. They may, however, be constructed of several parts connected together. So, for instance, the cylinder from A to A2 may be of brass, and the cylinder extension from A2 to A3 may be of steel, both connected at A2. In the same way the piston and its extension (shown as one piece in the drawings) may be from D to D2, for instance, of bronze and from D2 to D3 of steel or iron and both connected at D2. Instead of different metals the same metal may be used. y

In case the explosive-engine has more than one cylinder, in such caseevery cylinder is constructed as before described.

I am aware that cylinders of explosive-engines having ou the compression side of the The engine'does not work quite so IIO IIS

cylinder a piston extension entering into an insulated cylinder extension, while the other part of the cylinder is cooled by a Waterjacket, have been constructed many years before. The present invention is an improvement of such an arrangement.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In an explosive-engine of the four-cycle type, the combination, of a single-acting cylinder, having on the compression side of the same an insulated cylinder extension, and on the other side of the cylinder a Waterjacket, the highest point of the latter having communication With the atmosphere as described, said Water-jacket being surrounded by air-ribs for cooling thewater in the jacket, of a piston, having a hollow piston extension slightly smaller in diameter than the piston, in length equal to the piston-stroke or longer, and extending into the cylinder extension, the hollow space of the piston extension being closed to the atmosphere, for the purpose and substantially as kshown and described.

2. In an explosive-engine of the four-cycle type, the combination, of the single-acting cylinder A, having the cylinder extension A0,

the latter being surrounded by the removable' insulation C, the other side of the cylinder having the Water-jacket B, the latter, by means of opening b, being in communication with the atmosphere as described, and having the air-ribs B for cooling the Water in the jacket, of a pistonD, having the hollow piston extension D", slightly smaller in diameter than piston D, its length D2 D8 being equal to the piston-stroke or longer and extending into the cylinder extension, the hollow space -E of the piston extension being closed by the removable plate D4, the Whole constructed, to be operated and to workin the manner and for the purpose, substantially as described.

3. In an explosive-engine of the four-cycle type, the combination, of a single-acting cylinder, having on the compression side of the same a cylinder extension, and on the other side of the cylinder a water-jacket, the highest point of the latter having communication with the atmosphere as described, said Water-jacket being surrounded by air-ribs for cooling the Water in the jacket, of a piston, having a hollow pistonk extension slightly smaller in diameter than the piston, in length equal to the pistonstroke or longer, and extending into the cylinder extension, the hollow space of the piston extension being open .to the atmosphere, for the purpose and substantially as shown and described.

1 /In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

n MATHIASl J. KLEIN. Witnesses:

JOHN G. MUELLER, F. LE GRAND CARLIN.

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