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US6523832B1 - Slide ring seal - Google Patents

Slide ring seal Download PDF

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Publication number
US6523832B1
US6523832B1 US09/540,696 US54069600A US6523832B1 US 6523832 B1 US6523832 B1 US 6523832B1 US 54069600 A US54069600 A US 54069600A US 6523832 B1 US6523832 B1 US 6523832B1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ring
sealing
slide
counter
slide ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US09/540,696
Inventor
Kenji Nakano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Assigned to FIRMA CARL FREUDENBERG reassignment FIRMA CARL FREUDENBERG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NAKANO, KENJI
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6523832B1 publication Critical patent/US6523832B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3464—Mounting of the seal
    • F16J15/348—Pre-assembled seals, e.g. cartridge seals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a slide ring seal, including a slide ring and a counter-ring, the slide ring and the counter-ring sealingly contacting each other at sealing surfaces so as to be relatively twistable and acted upon by spring tension under axial prestressing, the slide ring, via a first sealing ring, being sealingly connected in a rotatably fixed manner to a first drive ring and/or the counter-ring, via a second sealing ring, being sealingly connected in a rotatably fixed manner to a second drive ring.
  • a slide ring seal of this type is known from German Patent 196 37 813 A1.
  • the sealing rings disclosed there each have free surfaces that are impinged upon by the medium to be sealed off.
  • the invention is directed to the objective of refining a slide ring seal of the type cited above, such that, during normal use of the slide ring seal, a swelling of the sealing rings and a resulting spreading of the free surfaces of the sealing rings is substantially prevented or is reduced to a minimum. Consequently, and generally irrespective of the medium to be sealed off, an invariably rotatably fixed coordination of slide ring and counter-ring with respect to the respective drive ring is assured for a long service life.
  • the first and/or the second sealing ring on the side facing the medium to be sealed off, is essentially completely overlapped by a flange of the respective drive ring.
  • the specific flange preferably contacts the surface of the respective sealing ring, touching it lightly.
  • the coordination of the flange and the surface of the sealing ring, at a very small distance from each other, is also possible.
  • the following are to be reliably avoided: a reduction in the prestressing of the sealing rings between the slide ring and the first drive ring and/or between the counter-ring and the second drive ring due to a swelling of the respective sealing rings; a spreading of the free surfaces; and the resulting danger that the slide ring and/or the counter-ring will twist with respect to the respective sealing ring.
  • the rotatably fixed coordination of slide ring and/or counter-ring to the respective drive ring is therefore always dependably assured, irrespective of the medium to be sealed off.
  • the sealing rings are made of an incompressible material. As a result of the fact that the material of the sealing rings cannot spread due to the flange, a slight swelling of the sealing rings causes an intensified elastic prestressing between the slide ring and the first drive ring and/or between the counter-ring and the second drive ring.
  • the first and/or second sealing ring is preferably made of a polymer material, for example FKM (fluoropolymerizate).
  • the slide ring and/or the counter-ring are usually made of a brittle material such as carbon or silicon carbide, and they are enclosed, at a radial distance, by the corresponding drive rings, which are preferably made of a rust-free metallic material.
  • the respective sealing rings are arranged inside the gap formed by the distance. Undesirably high mechanical stresses, reducing service life, exerted on the slide ring and/or the counter-ring by the corresponding drive rings, are avoided as a result of the sealing rings.
  • the first sealing ring can be provided with an armoring reinforcement, which is entirely enclosed by polymer material.
  • the armoring is mostly made of steel and is protected by the complete casing, for example from corrosion by the medium to be sealed off.
  • the armoring brings about a greater stiffness of the first sealing ring and, as a result, an improved sealing between the spaces to be sealed off from each other.
  • the first and/or the second sealing rings have end faces, facing each other, which on the side facing the medium to be sealed off sealingly contact the respective flange of the drive ring, under elastic prestressing.
  • a volume increase of the sealing rings, upon impingement by the medium to be sealed off, is prevented.
  • An impingement of the sealing rings by the medium to be sealed off brings about an increasing prestressing on the slide ring and/or the counter-ring, as a result of the sealing rings being clamped in the drive rings.
  • the seal is essentially composed of a slide ring 1 made of carbon, which at its planar sealing surface 3 is elastically and sealingly supported, under axial prestressing, on planar sealing surface 4 of counter-ring 2 , which is made of silicon carbide.
  • Both slide ring 1 as well as counter-ring 2 at their exterior peripheral sides and in the area of their end faces 12 , 13 facing away from each other, are enclosed by a respective angular sealing ring 5 , 7 .
  • Both sealing rings 5 , 7 are configured so as to be a common material and, in this exemplary embodiment, are made of FKM.
  • the metallic components of the slide ring seal in this exemplary embodiment are each made of high-grade steel and are resistant to medium 9 being sealed off.
  • Counter-ring 2 , second sealing ring 7 , and second drive ring 8 constitute a preassemblable unit, which is connected in a rotatably fixed manner to shaft 14 to be sealed off.
  • Slide ring 1 , first sealing ring 5 , and first drive ring 6 are also coordinated with each other so as to be rotatably fixed.
  • bellows 15 which in this exemplary embodiment is made of high-grade steel, housing 16 , as well as support ring 17 and pressure spring 18 are arranged so as to be rotatably fixed with respect to slide ring 1 .
  • Pressure spring 18 and bellows 15 are coordinated with each other, in terms of technical function, in a parallel circuit, and they effect an elastic pressure against sealing surfaces 3 and 4 from slide ring 1 and counter-ring 2 in the axial direction.
  • First end face 19 of bellows 15 is coordinated with slide ring 1
  • second end face 20 of bellows 15 is coordinated with housing 16 , without adhering, and, in this exemplary embodiment, exclusively in a frictionally locking manner.
  • end faces 19 , 20 of bellows 15 are fixed exclusively by clamping, both assembly as well as disassembly of the slide ring seal are significantly simplified.
  • End faces 22 , 23 , facing each other, of both sealing rings 5 , 7 are essentially completely overlapped and contacted by flanges 10 , 11 , flanges 10 , 11 being configured in each case as a radial flange.
  • flanges 10 , 11 encloses slide ring 1 and counter-ring 2 at a radial distance, so that damage to the impact-sensitive materials of slide ring 1 and counter-ring 2 during the normal use of the slide ring seal is excluded.
  • Both sealing rings 5 , 7 can be impinged upon by medium 9 to be sealed off only through gaps 24 , 25 formed by the intervening distance. If the impingement of the polymer materials, of which sealing rings 5 , 7 are made, brings about a swelling of sealing rings 5 , 7 , then the radial prestressing between slide ring 1 and first drive ring 6 , as well as between counter-ring 2 and second drive ring 8 , is increased, since the respective volume of the installation spaces of first and of second sealing ring 5 , 7 is essentially constant, and sealing rings 5 , 7 are not able to expand spatially.
  • the first sealing ring on the side of a front bellows wall of bellows 15 facing away from end face 12 , is overlapped and, as a result, is not contacted by the medium to be sealed off.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

A slide ring seal, including a slide ring and a counter-ring. The slide ring and the counter-ring sealingly contact each other at sealing surfaces so as to be relatively twistable and acted upon by spring tension under axial prestressing. The slide ring, via a first sealing ring, is sealingly connected to a first drive ring in a rotatably fixed manner and/or the counter-ring, via a second sealing ring is sealingly connected to a second drive ring in a rotatably fixed manner. The first sealing ring and/or the second sealing ring, on the side of a flange of the respective drive ring facing the medium to be sealed off, is essentially completely overlapped.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a slide ring seal, including a slide ring and a counter-ring, the slide ring and the counter-ring sealingly contacting each other at sealing surfaces so as to be relatively twistable and acted upon by spring tension under axial prestressing, the slide ring, via a first sealing ring, being sealingly connected in a rotatably fixed manner to a first drive ring and/or the counter-ring, via a second sealing ring, being sealingly connected in a rotatably fixed manner to a second drive ring.
A slide ring seal of this type is known from German Patent 196 37 813 A1. The sealing rings disclosed there each have free surfaces that are impinged upon by the medium to be sealed off.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to the objective of refining a slide ring seal of the type cited above, such that, during normal use of the slide ring seal, a swelling of the sealing rings and a resulting spreading of the free surfaces of the sealing rings is substantially prevented or is reduced to a minimum. Consequently, and generally irrespective of the medium to be sealed off, an invariably rotatably fixed coordination of slide ring and counter-ring with respect to the respective drive ring is assured for a long service life.
To achieve the objective, provision is made that the first and/or the second sealing ring, on the side facing the medium to be sealed off, is essentially completely overlapped by a flange of the respective drive ring. The specific flange preferably contacts the surface of the respective sealing ring, touching it lightly. The coordination of the flange and the surface of the sealing ring, at a very small distance from each other, is also possible. In the configuration according to the invention, it is advantageous that the first and/or second sealing ring have virtually no free surfaces which come in contact with the medium to be sealed off. A swelling of the material of the sealing rings is therefore reduced to a minimum. In any case, as a result of the configuration according to the invention, the following are to be reliably avoided: a reduction in the prestressing of the sealing rings between the slide ring and the first drive ring and/or between the counter-ring and the second drive ring due to a swelling of the respective sealing rings; a spreading of the free surfaces; and the resulting danger that the slide ring and/or the counter-ring will twist with respect to the respective sealing ring. The rotatably fixed coordination of slide ring and/or counter-ring to the respective drive ring is therefore always dependably assured, irrespective of the medium to be sealed off.
The sealing rings are made of an incompressible material. As a result of the fact that the material of the sealing rings cannot spread due to the flange, a slight swelling of the sealing rings causes an intensified elastic prestressing between the slide ring and the first drive ring and/or between the counter-ring and the second drive ring.
The first and/or second sealing ring is preferably made of a polymer material, for example FKM (fluoropolymerizate). The slide ring and/or the counter-ring are usually made of a brittle material such as carbon or silicon carbide, and they are enclosed, at a radial distance, by the corresponding drive rings, which are preferably made of a rust-free metallic material. The respective sealing rings are arranged inside the gap formed by the distance. Undesirably high mechanical stresses, reducing service life, exerted on the slide ring and/or the counter-ring by the corresponding drive rings, are avoided as a result of the sealing rings.
The first sealing ring can be provided with an armoring reinforcement, which is entirely enclosed by polymer material. The armoring is mostly made of steel and is protected by the complete casing, for example from corrosion by the medium to be sealed off. The armoring brings about a greater stiffness of the first sealing ring and, as a result, an improved sealing between the spaces to be sealed off from each other.
The first and/or the second sealing rings have end faces, facing each other, which on the side facing the medium to be sealed off sealingly contact the respective flange of the drive ring, under elastic prestressing. In this context, it is advantageous that a volume increase of the sealing rings, upon impingement by the medium to be sealed off, is prevented. An impingement of the sealing rings by the medium to be sealed off brings about an increasing prestressing on the slide ring and/or the counter-ring, as a result of the sealing rings being clamped in the drive rings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
One exemplary embodiment of a slide ring seal constructed according to the present invention is explained in greater detail below on the basis of the embodiment schematically shown in the FIGURE.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The seal is essentially composed of a slide ring 1 made of carbon, which at its planar sealing surface 3 is elastically and sealingly supported, under axial prestressing, on planar sealing surface 4 of counter-ring 2, which is made of silicon carbide.
Both slide ring 1 as well as counter-ring 2, at their exterior peripheral sides and in the area of their end faces 12, 13 facing away from each other, are enclosed by a respective angular sealing ring 5, 7. Both sealing rings 5, 7 are configured so as to be a common material and, in this exemplary embodiment, are made of FKM.
The metallic components of the slide ring seal in this exemplary embodiment are each made of high-grade steel and are resistant to medium 9 being sealed off.
Counter-ring 2, second sealing ring 7, and second drive ring 8 constitute a preassemblable unit, which is connected in a rotatably fixed manner to shaft 14 to be sealed off.
Slide ring 1, first sealing ring 5, and first drive ring 6 are also coordinated with each other so as to be rotatably fixed. Also bellows 15, which in this exemplary embodiment is made of high-grade steel, housing 16, as well as support ring 17 and pressure spring 18 are arranged so as to be rotatably fixed with respect to slide ring 1.
Pressure spring 18 and bellows 15 are coordinated with each other, in terms of technical function, in a parallel circuit, and they effect an elastic pressure against sealing surfaces 3 and 4 from slide ring 1 and counter-ring 2 in the axial direction.
First end face 19 of bellows 15 is coordinated with slide ring 1, and second end face 20 of bellows 15 is coordinated with housing 16, without adhering, and, in this exemplary embodiment, exclusively in a frictionally locking manner. As a result of the fact that end faces 19, 20 of bellows 15 are fixed exclusively by clamping, both assembly as well as disassembly of the slide ring seal are significantly simplified.
End faces 22, 23, facing each other, of both sealing rings 5, 7 are essentially completely overlapped and contacted by flanges 10, 11, flanges 10, 11 being configured in each case as a radial flange. On the interior peripheral side, flanges 10, 11 encloses slide ring 1 and counter-ring 2 at a radial distance, so that damage to the impact-sensitive materials of slide ring 1 and counter-ring 2 during the normal use of the slide ring seal is excluded.
Both sealing rings 5, 7 can be impinged upon by medium 9 to be sealed off only through gaps 24, 25 formed by the intervening distance. If the impingement of the polymer materials, of which sealing rings 5, 7 are made, brings about a swelling of sealing rings 5, 7, then the radial prestressing between slide ring 1 and first drive ring 6, as well as between counter-ring 2 and second drive ring 8, is increased, since the respective volume of the installation spaces of first and of second sealing ring 5, 7 is essentially constant, and sealing rings 5, 7 are not able to expand spatially.
The first sealing ring, on the side of a front bellows wall of bellows 15 facing away from end face 12, is overlapped and, as a result, is not contacted by the medium to be sealed off.

Claims (4)

What is claimed is:
1. A slide ring seal, comprising:
a slide ring; and
a counter-ring, the slide ring and the counter-ring sealingly contacting each other at sealing surfaces so as to be relatively twistable and each being acted upon by spring tension under axial prestressing, an exterior portion of the slide ring and an exterior portion of the counter-ring in a vicinity of the sealing surfaces contacting and sealing off a medium chosen to be sealed off from an interior portion of the slide ring and an interior portion of the counter-ring, the slide ring, via a first sealing ring, being sealingly connected to a first drive ring in a rotatably fixed manner, and the counter-ring, via a second sealing ring, being sealingly connected to a second drive ring in a rotatably fixed manner;
wherein the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring, on a side of a flange of the respective drive ring facing the medium to be sealed off, are essentially completely overlapped by the flange, and wherein the first and second sealing rings have L-shaped cross-section.
2. The slide ring seal as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the sealing rings is made of a polymer material.
3. The slide ring seal as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the drive rings is made of a metallic material.
4. The slide ring seal as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second sealing rings, on a side facing the medium to be sealed off, have end faces that face each other, the end faces sealingly contacting the respective flange of the drive ring under elastic prestressing.
US09/540,696 1999-04-01 2000-03-31 Slide ring seal Expired - Fee Related US6523832B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19914929 1999-04-01
DE19914929A DE19914929C2 (en) 1999-04-01 1999-04-01 Mechanical seal

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6523832B1 true US6523832B1 (en) 2003-02-25

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/540,696 Expired - Fee Related US6523832B1 (en) 1999-04-01 2000-03-31 Slide ring seal

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6523832B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1041322B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000291810A (en)
DE (2) DE19914929C2 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040036228A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2004-02-26 Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. Mechanical seal device
US7293778B1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2007-11-13 Rode John E Systems and methods for sealing between stators and rotors
US20070290450A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2007-12-20 Kaco Gmbh & Co. Kg Face Seal, Especially for Cooling Medium Pumps of Motor Vehicles
CN105378353A (en) * 2013-11-12 2016-03-02 伊格尔工业股份有限公司 Mechanical seal
US9476506B2 (en) 2013-04-22 2016-10-25 Carl Freudenberg Kg Slide ring seal
US9927030B2 (en) * 2014-01-17 2018-03-27 Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. Mechanical seal

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445207A (en) * 1944-11-27 1948-07-13 Caserta Michele Shaft seal
US2559963A (en) * 1945-10-15 1951-07-10 Rotary Seal Company Bearing seal
US3712765A (en) * 1970-04-03 1973-01-23 Itt Fluid handling apparatus
US4586719A (en) * 1983-05-19 1986-05-06 Borg-Warner Corporation Mechanical seal
US4779876A (en) * 1987-05-11 1988-10-25 John Crane-Houdaille. Inc. Drive for banded washer type seal
US5114163A (en) * 1990-05-25 1992-05-19 John Crane Inc. Split mechanical face seal
US5123660A (en) * 1990-09-20 1992-06-23 Freudenberg-Nok General Partnership Extended life mechanical face seal assembly
US5199720A (en) * 1990-05-25 1993-04-06 John Crane, Inc. Split mechanical face seal
US5716054A (en) * 1995-01-18 1998-02-10 Bw/Ip International, Inc. Diametric plane split mechanical face seal
DE19637813A1 (en) 1996-09-17 1998-04-02 Freudenberg Carl Fa Mechanical seal
US5797602A (en) * 1996-10-10 1998-08-25 Pac-Seal Inc. International Mechanical seal for water pump of heavy duty vehicle
US5961122A (en) * 1995-07-21 1999-10-05 Flowserve Management Company Split mechanical face seal and method of assembly thereof

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2100220A (en) * 1935-12-04 1937-11-23 Gen Electric Shaft seal
US2879093A (en) * 1951-05-15 1959-03-24 Chicago Rawhide Mfg Co Self contained seals
US3524654A (en) * 1968-02-26 1970-08-18 Caterpillar Tractor Co Face seal assembly
GB1403233A (en) * 1972-02-29 1975-08-28 Aeroquip Ltd Seal particularly for a pump
FI78973C (en) * 1988-03-21 1989-10-10 Safematic Ltd Oy Connection structure for attaching a sliding ring to a mounting part
DE4005721A1 (en) * 1990-02-23 1991-09-05 Goetze Ag Slide ring seal with metal support body - has plastically deformable tongues producing adjustable axial distance
DE19637814A1 (en) * 1996-09-17 1998-04-02 Freudenberg Carl Fa Mechanical seal

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2445207A (en) * 1944-11-27 1948-07-13 Caserta Michele Shaft seal
US2559963A (en) * 1945-10-15 1951-07-10 Rotary Seal Company Bearing seal
US3712765A (en) * 1970-04-03 1973-01-23 Itt Fluid handling apparatus
US4586719A (en) * 1983-05-19 1986-05-06 Borg-Warner Corporation Mechanical seal
US4779876A (en) * 1987-05-11 1988-10-25 John Crane-Houdaille. Inc. Drive for banded washer type seal
US5114163A (en) * 1990-05-25 1992-05-19 John Crane Inc. Split mechanical face seal
US5199720A (en) * 1990-05-25 1993-04-06 John Crane, Inc. Split mechanical face seal
US5123660A (en) * 1990-09-20 1992-06-23 Freudenberg-Nok General Partnership Extended life mechanical face seal assembly
US5716054A (en) * 1995-01-18 1998-02-10 Bw/Ip International, Inc. Diametric plane split mechanical face seal
US5961122A (en) * 1995-07-21 1999-10-05 Flowserve Management Company Split mechanical face seal and method of assembly thereof
DE19637813A1 (en) 1996-09-17 1998-04-02 Freudenberg Carl Fa Mechanical seal
US5797602A (en) * 1996-10-10 1998-08-25 Pac-Seal Inc. International Mechanical seal for water pump of heavy duty vehicle

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040036228A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2004-02-26 Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. Mechanical seal device
US6962340B2 (en) * 2002-04-24 2005-11-08 Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. Mechanical seal device
US7293778B1 (en) * 2004-07-15 2007-11-13 Rode John E Systems and methods for sealing between stators and rotors
US20070290450A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2007-12-20 Kaco Gmbh & Co. Kg Face Seal, Especially for Cooling Medium Pumps of Motor Vehicles
US9476506B2 (en) 2013-04-22 2016-10-25 Carl Freudenberg Kg Slide ring seal
CN105378353A (en) * 2013-11-12 2016-03-02 伊格尔工业股份有限公司 Mechanical seal
US20160178065A1 (en) * 2013-11-12 2016-06-23 Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. Mechanical seal
US9644745B2 (en) * 2013-11-12 2017-05-09 Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. Mechanical seal
CN105378353B (en) * 2013-11-12 2017-08-29 伊格尔工业股份有限公司 Mechanical seal
US9927030B2 (en) * 2014-01-17 2018-03-27 Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. Mechanical seal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2000291810A (en) 2000-10-20
DE19914929C2 (en) 2001-07-19
DE19914929A1 (en) 2000-10-19
EP1041322A3 (en) 2001-02-07
EP1041322B1 (en) 2005-07-27
DE50010794D1 (en) 2005-09-01
EP1041322A2 (en) 2000-10-04

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Owner name: FIRMA CARL FREUDENBERG, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NAKANO, KENJI;REEL/FRAME:010963/0349

Effective date: 20000619

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20070225