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US5539722A - Optical information reproducing system with a reading beam having frequency components of N wavelengths corresponding to four times the N depths to a row of pits - Google Patents

Optical information reproducing system with a reading beam having frequency components of N wavelengths corresponding to four times the N depths to a row of pits Download PDF

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US5539722A
US5539722A US08/441,576 US44157695A US5539722A US 5539722 A US5539722 A US 5539722A US 44157695 A US44157695 A US 44157695A US 5539722 A US5539722 A US 5539722A
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information
pit
pits
depths
divided
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US08/441,576
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Takayuki Nomoto
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Pioneer Corp
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Pioneer Electronic Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
    • G11B7/2407—Tracks or pits; Shape, structure or physical properties thereof
    • G11B7/24085—Pits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/004—Recording, reproducing or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
    • G11B7/005—Reproducing
    • G11B7/0051—Reproducing involving phase depth effects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical disk and an optical-disk information reproducing method of reproducing recorded information from the optical disk.
  • CDs compact disks
  • VDs video disks
  • the amount of information recordable on such an optical disk is restricted by the sizes of the pits and the read beam spot (the wavelength ⁇ and the number of apertures NA of the objective lens), so that the recording density has reached the maximum level at present.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an optical disk designed to improve the information recording density, and an optical-disk information reproducing method of reproducing pit information from the optical disk.
  • an optical disk according to the present invention has pit information recorded by setting the depth of at least one of the pits provided in individual unit areas continuously provided in the circumferential direction to one of n types of depths (n: an integer equal to or greater than 2).
  • An optical-disk information reproducing method embodying the present invention irradiates a read beam including frequency components of wavelengths respectively equal to four times n types of depths of pits on an optical disk and acquires pit information based on a reflected beam from each of the unit areas.
  • pit information is acquired by the level of a difference signal representing the difference between received light signals from a plurality of receiving surfaces perpendicular to the optical axis of the reflected beam of each unit area on an optical disk.
  • information about the presence of divided pits for each divided area or arrangement information is acquired by comparing the levels of sum signals of received light signals from a plurality of receiving surfaces perpendicular to the optical axis of the reflected beam.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram illustrating the arrangement of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B respectively present a cross section showing the optical system of a pickup which picks up information from the optical disk in FIG. 1 and a circuit diagram showing the electric circuit of this pickup;
  • FIG. 3 presents a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the wavelength of a read beam to be irradiated on pits having a given depth and the level of a difference signal
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram illustrating the arrangement of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B respectively present a cross section showing the optical system of a pickup which picks up information from the optical disk in FIG. 4 and a circuit diagram showing the electric circuit of this pickup;
  • FIGS. 6(a) to 6(d) are exemplary diagrams illustrating the arrangements of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 7(a) to 7(d) are explanatory diagrams showing the intensity distributions of a reflected beam on the light-receiving surfaces of a photodetector when a read beam is irradiated on the pits arranged as shown in (a) to (d) in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit to detect the pit arrangement
  • FIG. 9 presents a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the number of pits per unit and the number of wavelengths according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 presents a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the unit area density and the longest wavelength in use.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram illustrating the arrangement of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a square unit area U is set in the circumferential direction of an optical disk or in the information recording direction R.
  • the unit area U is divided into a first subunit U 1 and a second subunit U 2 with a center line L.
  • the length U P of each side of the unit area U represents the pitch between rows of pits or the pitch between tracks.
  • the pits P are provided in the first subunit U 1 .
  • the pits P have one of n depths (n: an integer equal to or greater than 2).
  • a read beam to be irradiated on an optical disk according to this invention forms a beam spot S S of the shortest wavelength ⁇ S and a beam spot S L of the longest wavelength ⁇ L .
  • the length U P of each side of the unit area U should be determined to be equal to or greater than ⁇ L /(2 ⁇ NA) where NA is the number of apertures of the objective lens and the longest wavelength ⁇ L of beam components included in the read beam.
  • the level of the received light signal becomes smaller.
  • U P is set close to the cutoff frequency of the so-called OTF (Optical Transfer Function) of the pickup optical system, however, the level of the received light signal becomes smaller.
  • OTF Optical Transfer Function
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus for reading information from a disk having such pits P.
  • a laser beam source 10 emits a read beam 12 toward a polarization surface 13a of a polarization prism 13.
  • the read beam 12 passing the polarization surface 13a is irradiated on the recording surface of the optical disk 11 and is reflected therefrom.
  • the reflected beam comes incident to the polarization surface 13a.
  • the reflected beam is reflected at the polarization surface 13a to be incident to a half mirror HM 1 .
  • This beam is separated into two reflected beam components.
  • One of the reflected beam components enters a ⁇ 1 -pass filter FL 1 which passes only a component of a wavelength ⁇ 1 , and the other component enters a half mirror HM 2 .
  • the ⁇ 1 component that has passed the filter FL 1 enters a bisected photodetector D 11 .
  • the beam incident to the half mirror HM 2 is separated into two reflected beam components.
  • One of the reflected beam components enters a ⁇ 2 -pass filter FL 2 which passes only a component of a wavelength ⁇ 2
  • the other component enters a ⁇ 3 -pass filter FL 3 which passes only a ⁇ 3 component.
  • the ⁇ 2 component that has passed the filter FL 2 enters a bisected photodetector D 12
  • the ⁇ 3 component that has passed the filter FL 3 enters a bisected photodetector D 13 .
  • each of the bisected photodetectors D 11 , D 12 and D 13 has light-receiving surfaces d 1 and d 2 , and the light outputs of each photodetector are supplied to an associated differential amplifier DF 1 , DF 2 or DF 3 .
  • the differential outputs of the individual differential amplifiers DF 1 , DF 2 and DF 3 are supplied to one of the input terminals of NAND gates G 1 , G 2 and G 3 , respectively.
  • the outputs of the bisected photodetector D 13 also become input signals to a summing amplifier ADD whose output is one input signal of a comparator CP.
  • the comparator CP supplies a logic "0" signal to the other input terminals of the NAND gates G 1 , G 2 and G 3 .
  • the NAND gate G 1 , G 2 or G 3 Upon reception of a low-level signal or a logic "0" signal at one input terminal from the differential amplifier DF 1 , DF 2 or DF 2 while receiving the logic "0" signal at the other input terminal from the comparator CP, the NAND gate G 1 , G 2 or G 3 outputs a logic "1" signal to an associated output terminal R 1 , R 2 or R 3 .
  • FIG. 3 presents a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength ⁇ n of the read beam to be irradiated on pits having a depth ⁇ n and the levels of the output signals of the differential amplifiers DF 1 , DF 2 and DF 3 .
  • a solid line C 11 shows a change in the level of the reflected beam when the read beam is irradiated on the pits P with a depth of 0.160 ⁇ m while the wavelength of the read beam is changed from 0.60 ⁇ m to 0.80 ⁇ m.
  • a broken line C 12 shows a change in the level of the reflected beam when the read beam is irradiated on the pits P with a depth of 0.175 ⁇ m while the wavelength of the read beam is changed from 0.60 ⁇ m to 0.80 ⁇ m.
  • An alternate short and long dash line (phantom line) C 13 shows a change in the level of the reflected beam when the read beam is irradiated on the pits P with a depth of 0.190 ⁇ m while the wavelength of the read beam is changed from 0.60 ⁇ m to 0.80 ⁇ m.
  • 0 dB on the vertical scale corresponds to 30% of the incident amount of the read beam.
  • the output signal level of the differential amplifier DF l corresponding to the wavelength ⁇ 1 of 0.64 ⁇ m becomes zero or very small as indicated by the characteristic curve C 11 for the pits P with a depth of 0.160 ⁇ m
  • the output signal level of the differential amplifier DF 2 corresponding to the wavelength ⁇ 2 of 0.70 ⁇ m becomes zero or very small as indicated by the characteristic curve C 12 for the pits P with a depth of 0.175 ⁇ m
  • the output signal level of the differential amplifier DF 3 corresponding to the wavelength ⁇ 3 of 0.76 ⁇ m becomes zero or very small as indicated by the characteristic curve C 13 for the pits P with a depth of 0.190 ⁇ m.
  • the output signal level of the amplifier DF 1 becomes large for the pits P with a depth of 0.175 ⁇ m or 0.190 ⁇ m
  • the output signal level of the amplifier DF 2 becomes large for the pits P with a depth of 0.190 ⁇ m or 0.175 ⁇ m
  • the output signal level of the amplifier DF 3 becomes large for the pits P with a depth of 0.160 ⁇ m or 0.175 ⁇ m.
  • the difference signal representing the difference between the outputs of the first and second bisected photodetector portions d 1 and d 2 is acquired for each wavelength component.
  • one information can be associated with one depth of the pits P, so that with n types of depths equal to or greater than 2 being set for the pits P, when the pits P are provided in one unit area U, this unit area can have two or more pieces of information. This can improve the information recording density.
  • FIG. 4 presents an exemplary diagram illustrating the arrangement of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same reference numerals as used in FIG. 1 are given to the corresponding or identical portions in FIG. 4 to avoid their redundant description.
  • the unit area U is divided in the circumferential direction and radial direction of the disk to be first to fourth subunits U 11 , U 12 , U 13 and U 14 .
  • First divided pits P 1 are located in the first subunit U 11
  • second divided pits P 2 in the second subunit U 12 .
  • the first divided pits P 1 and second divided pits P 2 have any one of n depths (n: an integer equal to or greater than 2).
  • FIG. 5A shows the optical system of a pickup which detects information from the optical disk shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5B shows the electric circuit of this pickup.
  • the optical system in FIG. 5A has the same structure as the one shown in FIG. 2A except that it uses quadrant photodetectors D 21 , D 22 and D 23 .
  • the received light signals from the light-receiving surfaces d 1 , d 2 , d 3 and d 4 of each quadrant photodetector D 2n are operated in differential amplifiers df 1 and df 2 to acquire a (d 1 -d 3 ) signal and a (d 2 -d 4 ) signal.
  • the (d 1 -d 3 ) signal is supplied to one input terminal of a NAND gate g 1
  • the (d 2 -d 4 ) signal is supplied to one input terminal of a NAND gate g 2 .
  • Summing amplifiers add 1 and add 2 respectively produce a (d 1 +d 3 ) signal and a (d 2 +d 4 ) signal and supply them to one input terminals of comparators CP 1 and CP 2 .
  • the comparators CP 1 and CP 2 output logic "0" signals.
  • the outputs signals of the comparators CP 1 and CP 2 are respectively supplied to the other input terminals of the NAND gates g 1 and g 2 .
  • the NAND gate g 1 outputs a logic "1" on its output terminal r 11 when the (d 1 -d 3 ) signal becomes a low level (logic “0") while the logic "0" signal is received from the comparator CP 1 .
  • the NAND gate g 2 outputs a logic "1” on its output terminal r 21 when the (d 2 -d 4 ) signal becomes a low level (logic “0") while the logic "0" signal is received from the comparator CP 2 .
  • the quadrant photodetectors D 22 and D 23 have the same circuit structure as the one shown in FIG. 5B and have outputs (r 12 , r 22 ) and (r 13 , r 23 ) though not shown. Therefore, a read beam with wavelengths of ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 can provide a total of six pieces of information (r 11 , r 12 ), (r 12 , r 22 ) and (r 13 , r 23 ) in a single unit area U.
  • FIG. 6 (a) to (d) are exemplary diagrams illustrating the arrangement of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same reference numerals as used in FIGS. 1 and 4 are given to the corresponding or identical portions in FIG. 6 to avoid their redundant description.
  • FIG. 6(a) illustrates the case where the first divided pits P 1 are provided in the first subunit U 11 and the second divided pits P 2 in the second subunit U 12 .
  • FIG. 6(b) illustrates the case where the first divided pits P 1 are provided in the second subunit U 12 and the second divided pits P 2 in the third subunit U 13 .
  • FIG. 6(c) illustrates the case where the first divided pits P 1 are provided in the third subunit U 13 and the second divided pits P 2 in the fourth subunit U 14 .
  • FIG. 6(d) illustrates the case where the first divided pits P 1 are provided in the fourth subunit U 14 and the second divided pits P 2 in the first subunit U 11 .
  • FIGS. 7(a) to 7(d) are explanatory diagrams showing the intensity distributions of a reflected beam on the light-receiving surfaces of a quadrant photodetector when a read beam is irradiated on the pits arranged as shown in (a) to (d) in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a detector that detects the pit arrangement.
  • the detector is connected to one (D 21 ) of the quadrant photodetectors D 21 , D 22 and D 23 provided in the optical system of the pickup.
  • a comparator CP 3 produces logic signals S a , S b , S c and S d corresponding to the four input signals S 1 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 .
  • Each of the logic signals S a , S b , S c and S d will take a logical value of "1" when its one input signal is greater than the other input signal.
  • information representing the arrangement of the first and second divided pits P 1 and P 2 as shown in (b) to (d) in FIG. 6 can be obtained based on the result of the comparison done in the comparator CP 3 .
  • one unit area U can have four times the amount of information available in the second embodiment, thus further improving the information recording density.
  • pieces of information which correspond in number to the combinations of (S a , S b , S c , S d ) and (r 1n , r 2n ) can be recorded in a single unit area U.
  • FIG. 9 presents a characteristic diagram showing the relation between the number of pits per unit and the number of wavelengths (depths of pits) in the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 presents a characteristic diagram showing the unit area density and the longest wavelength in use.
  • a solid line C 21 indicates the unit area density when the number of apertures NA is 0.45 and the longest wavelength ⁇ L ranges from 0.60 ⁇ m to 0.80 ⁇ m.
  • a broken line C 22 indicates the unit area density when the number of apertures NA is 0.50 and the longest wavelength ⁇ L ranges from 0.60 ⁇ m to 0.80 ⁇ m.
  • An alternate long and short dash line C 23 indicates the unit area density when the number of apertures NA is 0.55 and the longest wavelength ⁇ L ranges from 0.60 ⁇ m to 0.80 ⁇ m.
  • An alternate long and two short dashes line C 24 indicates the unit area density when the number of apertures NA is 0.60 and the longest wavelength ⁇ L ranges from 0.60 ⁇ m to 0.80 ⁇ m.
  • the number of wavelengths (depths of pits) is n in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the number of combinations of the depths of the first and second divided pits P 1 and P 2 is expressed as follows.
  • the size of the unit U is determined by the longest wavelength ⁇ L and is given by the following equation.
  • the recording density in the third embodiment is given as follows.
  • a sync signal may be recorded on the optical disk by inserting a sync pit within a group of consecutive pits and the sync signal can be utilized for detecting a timing when the reading spot coincide with the unit area.
  • the information signal based on the reflected beam may be evaluated at each of the particular sync timings.
  • the optical disk according to the present invention has pit information recorded by setting multi-leveled depths for the pits provided in individual unit areas continuously segmented in the information recording direction, so that the information recording density can be improved.
  • a beam having a plurality of wavelengths corresponding to four times the multi-leveled depths of pits is irradiated as a read beam to each unit area on the optical disk, pit information is acquired based on the reflected beam from the unit area, and composite pit information recorded on the optical disk is reproduced based on the combination of the arrangement information of the pits in the unit area and the depth information of the pits.

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  • Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
  • Optical Record Carriers And Manufacture Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is an optical disk having at least one pit in each of unit areas continuously provided in a circumferential direction of the disk, said pit having a depth of at least one of n depths (n: an integer equal to or greater than 2). Also disclosed is an information reproducing method of reproducing pit information from such an optical disk. This method comprises the steps of irradiating a read beam having frequency components of n wavelengths corresponding to four times the n depths to a row of the unit areas, and acquiring pit information based on an intensity distribution in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of a reflected beam from the row of unit areas.

Description

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/019,271 filed Feb. 18, 1993, now abandoned as of Aug. 18, 1995.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical disk and an optical-disk information reproducing method of reproducing recorded information from the optical disk.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventional optical disks, such as compact disks (CDs) or video disks (VDs), have pit information recorded in the form of the presence or absence of pits with a given depth and length. The pit information is reproduced with a read beam of a single wavelength.
The amount of information recordable on such an optical disk is restricted by the sizes of the pits and the read beam spot (the wavelength λ and the number of apertures NA of the objective lens), so that the recording density has reached the maximum level at present.
It is therefore difficult to further improve the recording density of information on an optical disk.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an optical disk designed to improve the information recording density, and an optical-disk information reproducing method of reproducing pit information from the optical disk.
To achieve this object, an optical disk according to the present invention has pit information recorded by setting the depth of at least one of the pits provided in individual unit areas continuously provided in the circumferential direction to one of n types of depths (n: an integer equal to or greater than 2).
An optical-disk information reproducing method embodying the present invention irradiates a read beam including frequency components of wavelengths respectively equal to four times n types of depths of pits on an optical disk and acquires pit information based on a reflected beam from each of the unit areas.
According to the information reproducing method of this invention, pit information is acquired by the level of a difference signal representing the difference between received light signals from a plurality of receiving surfaces perpendicular to the optical axis of the reflected beam of each unit area on an optical disk. In addition, the information about the presence of divided pits for each divided area or arrangement information is acquired by comparing the levels of sum signals of received light signals from a plurality of receiving surfaces perpendicular to the optical axis of the reflected beam.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram illustrating the arrangement of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 2A and 2B respectively present a cross section showing the optical system of a pickup which picks up information from the optical disk in FIG. 1 and a circuit diagram showing the electric circuit of this pickup;
FIG. 3 presents a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the wavelength of a read beam to be irradiated on pits having a given depth and the level of a difference signal;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram illustrating the arrangement of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 5A and 5B respectively present a cross section showing the optical system of a pickup which picks up information from the optical disk in FIG. 4 and a circuit diagram showing the electric circuit of this pickup;
FIGS. 6(a) to 6(d) are exemplary diagrams illustrating the arrangements of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 7(a) to 7(d) are explanatory diagrams showing the intensity distributions of a reflected beam on the light-receiving surfaces of a photodetector when a read beam is irradiated on the pits arranged as shown in (a) to (d) in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit to detect the pit arrangement;
FIG. 9 presents a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the number of pits per unit and the number of wavelengths according to the third embodiment; and
FIG. 10 presents a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the unit area density and the longest wavelength in use.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described referring to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram illustrating the arrangement of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, a square unit area U is set in the circumferential direction of an optical disk or in the information recording direction R. The unit area U is divided into a first subunit U1 and a second subunit U2 with a center line L. The length UP of each side of the unit area U represents the pitch between rows of pits or the pitch between tracks.
Pits P are provided in the first subunit U1. The pits P have one of n depths (n: an integer equal to or greater than 2).
A read beam to be irradiated on an optical disk according to this invention forms a beam spot SS of the shortest wavelength λS and a beam spot SL of the longest wavelength λL.
The wavelengths of a plurality of components included in the read beam are respectively four times the n depths of the pits P. That is, with the wavelength of λn and the pits P having a depth of Δn, λn =4·Δn.
The length UP of each side of the unit area U should be determined to be equal to or greater than λL /(2×NA) where NA is the number of apertures of the objective lens and the longest wavelength λL of beam components included in the read beam.
When the length UP is set close to the cutoff frequency of the so-called OTF (Optical Transfer Function) of the pickup optical system, however, the level of the received light signal becomes smaller. In consideration of the wavelength characteristic of the output of the photodetector and a variation in the level of a beam component, it is preferable to set UP to be about λL /(21/2 ×NA).
FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus for reading information from a disk having such pits P.
In FIG. 2A, a laser beam source 10 emits a read beam 12 toward a polarization surface 13a of a polarization prism 13. The read beam 12 includes a plurality of frequency components fn having wavelengths λn equal to four times the possible depths Δn of the pits P on an optical disk 11 of the present invention. In this embodiment, n=3. The read beam 12 passing the polarization surface 13a is irradiated on the recording surface of the optical disk 11 and is reflected therefrom. The reflected beam comes incident to the polarization surface 13a. As the polarization face of the reflected beam is changed due to the reflection, the reflected beam is reflected at the polarization surface 13a to be incident to a half mirror HM1. This beam is separated into two reflected beam components. One of the reflected beam components enters a λ1 -pass filter FL1 which passes only a component of a wavelength λ1, and the other component enters a half mirror HM2. The λ1 component that has passed the filter FL1 enters a bisected photodetector D11.
The beam incident to the half mirror HM2 is separated into two reflected beam components. One of the reflected beam components enters a λ2 -pass filter FL2 which passes only a component of a wavelength λ2, and the other component enters a λ3 -pass filter FL3 which passes only a λ3 component. The λ2 component that has passed the filter FL2 enters a bisected photodetector D12, while the λ3 component that has passed the filter FL3 enters a bisected photodetector D13.
As shown in FIG. 2B, each of the bisected photodetectors D11, D12 and D13 has light-receiving surfaces d1 and d2, and the light outputs of each photodetector are supplied to an associated differential amplifier DF1, DF2 or DF3. The differential outputs of the individual differential amplifiers DF1, DF2 and DF3 are supplied to one of the input terminals of NAND gates G1, G2 and G3, respectively. The outputs of the bisected photodetector D13 also become input signals to a summing amplifier ADD whose output is one input signal of a comparator CP. As long as the input signal is lower than a reference voltage Vr, the comparator CP supplies a logic "0" signal to the other input terminals of the NAND gates G1, G2 and G3. Upon reception of a low-level signal or a logic "0" signal at one input terminal from the differential amplifier DF1, DF2 or DF2 while receiving the logic "0" signal at the other input terminal from the comparator CP, the NAND gate G1, G2 or G3 outputs a logic "1" signal to an associated output terminal R1, R2 or R3.
FIG. 3 presents a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength λn of the read beam to be irradiated on pits having a depth Δn and the levels of the output signals of the differential amplifiers DF1, DF2 and DF3.
In FIG. 3, a solid line C11 shows a change in the level of the reflected beam when the read beam is irradiated on the pits P with a depth of 0.160 μm while the wavelength of the read beam is changed from 0.60 μm to 0.80 μm. A broken line C12 shows a change in the level of the reflected beam when the read beam is irradiated on the pits P with a depth of 0.175 μm while the wavelength of the read beam is changed from 0.60 μm to 0.80 μm. An alternate short and long dash line (phantom line) C13 shows a change in the level of the reflected beam when the read beam is irradiated on the pits P with a depth of 0.190 μm while the wavelength of the read beam is changed from 0.60 μm to 0.80 μm.
It is to be noted that 0 dB on the vertical scale corresponds to 30% of the incident amount of the read beam.
It is apparent from FIG. 3 that the output signal level of the differential amplifier DFl corresponding to the wavelength λ1 of 0.64 μm becomes zero or very small as indicated by the characteristic curve C11 for the pits P with a depth of 0.160 μm, the output signal level of the differential amplifier DF2 corresponding to the wavelength λ2 of 0.70 μm becomes zero or very small as indicated by the characteristic curve C12 for the pits P with a depth of 0.175 μm, and the output signal level of the differential amplifier DF3 corresponding to the wavelength λ3 of 0.76 μm becomes zero or very small as indicated by the characteristic curve C13 for the pits P with a depth of 0.190 μm.
But, the output signal level of the amplifier DF1 becomes large for the pits P with a depth of 0.175 μm or 0.190 μm, the output signal level of the amplifier DF2 becomes large for the pits P with a depth of 0.190 μm or 0.175 μm, and the output signal level of the amplifier DF3 becomes large for the pits P with a depth of 0.160 μm or 0.175 μm.
Therefore, by irradiating one read beam including a plurality of wavelengths λ1, λ2 and λ3 onto the pits P and separating the reflected beam into components for the individual wavelengths λ1, λ2 and λ3 through the respective filters, the difference signal representing the difference between the outputs of the first and second bisected photodetector portions d1 and d2 is acquired for each wavelength component. It is understood that when the difference signal has a predetermined value or a logic "1", pits P with a depth of λn /4 corresponding to the wavelength λn of the read beam are not in the unit area U, and when the difference signal has a value of zero or a very small value, i.e., a logic "0", pits P with a depth of λn /4 corresponding to the wavelength λn of the read beam are in the unit area U.
According to the first embodiment, as apparent from the above, one information can be associated with one depth of the pits P, so that with n types of depths equal to or greater than 2 being set for the pits P, when the pits P are provided in one unit area U, this unit area can have two or more pieces of information. This can improve the information recording density.
FIG. 4 presents an exemplary diagram illustrating the arrangement of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals as used in FIG. 1 are given to the corresponding or identical portions in FIG. 4 to avoid their redundant description.
For the optical disk shown in FIG. 4, the unit area U is divided in the circumferential direction and radial direction of the disk to be first to fourth subunits U11, U12, U13 and U14. First divided pits P1 are located in the first subunit U11, and second divided pits P2 in the second subunit U12. The first divided pits P1 and second divided pits P2 have any one of n depths (n: an integer equal to or greater than 2).
FIG. 5A shows the optical system of a pickup which detects information from the optical disk shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5B shows the electric circuit of this pickup.
The optical system in FIG. 5A has the same structure as the one shown in FIG. 2A except that it uses quadrant photodetectors D21, D22 and D23.
In the electric circuit shown in FIG. 5B, the received light signals from the light-receiving surfaces d1, d2, d3 and d4 of each quadrant photodetector D2n are operated in differential amplifiers df1 and df2 to acquire a (d1 -d3) signal and a (d2 -d4) signal. The (d1 -d3) signal is supplied to one input terminal of a NAND gate g1, and the (d2 -d4) signal is supplied to one input terminal of a NAND gate g2. Summing amplifiers add1 and add2 respectively produce a (d1 +d3) signal and a (d2 +d4) signal and supply them to one input terminals of comparators CP1 and CP2. When the (d1 +d3) signal and (d2 +d4) signal fall below a reference voltage Vr, the comparators CP1 and CP2 output logic "0" signals. The outputs signals of the comparators CP1 and CP2 are respectively supplied to the other input terminals of the NAND gates g1 and g2. The NAND gate g1 outputs a logic "1" on its output terminal r11 when the (d1 -d3) signal becomes a low level (logic "0") while the logic "0" signal is received from the comparator CP1. The NAND gate g2 outputs a logic "1" on its output terminal r21 when the (d2 -d4) signal becomes a low level (logic "0") while the logic "0" signal is received from the comparator CP2.
The quadrant photodetectors D22 and D23 have the same circuit structure as the one shown in FIG. 5B and have outputs (r12, r22) and (r13, r23) though not shown. Therefore, a read beam with wavelengths of λ1, λ2 and λ3 can provide a total of six pieces of information (r11, r12), (r12, r22) and (r13, r23) in a single unit area U.
Supposing that the pits P1 and P2 are respectively given two depths Δ1 and Δ2 corresponding to two wavelengths λ1 and λ2 for each unit area U on the optical disk shown in FIG. 4, at least four pieces of information can be recorded in each unit area by the combinations of the positional information of the pits P1 and P2 to the subunits U11 and U12. It is apparent that the information recording density can be improved.
In FIG. 6, (a) to (d) are exemplary diagrams illustrating the arrangement of pits on the recording surface of an optical disk according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals as used in FIGS. 1 and 4 are given to the corresponding or identical portions in FIG. 6 to avoid their redundant description.
FIG. 6(a) illustrates the case where the first divided pits P1 are provided in the first subunit U11 and the second divided pits P2 in the second subunit U12. FIG. 6(b) illustrates the case where the first divided pits P1 are provided in the second subunit U12 and the second divided pits P2 in the third subunit U13. FIG. 6(c) illustrates the case where the first divided pits P1 are provided in the third subunit U13 and the second divided pits P2 in the fourth subunit U14. FIG. 6(d) illustrates the case where the first divided pits P1 are provided in the fourth subunit U14 and the second divided pits P2 in the first subunit U11.
FIGS. 7(a) to 7(d) are explanatory diagrams showing the intensity distributions of a reflected beam on the light-receiving surfaces of a quadrant photodetector when a read beam is irradiated on the pits arranged as shown in (a) to (d) in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 illustrates a detector that detects the pit arrangement.
In FIG. 8, the detector is connected to one (D21) of the quadrant photodetectors D21, D22 and D23 provided in the optical system of the pickup.
Summing amplifiers add1, add2, add3 and add4 output signals S1 =(d1 +d2), S2 =(d2 +d3), S3 =(d3 +d4) and S4 =(d1 +d4), respectively. A comparator CP3 produces logic signals Sa, Sb, Sc and Sd corresponding to the four input signals S1, S2, S3 and S4. Each of the logic signals Sa, Sb, Sc and Sd will take a logical value of "1" when its one input signal is greater than the other input signal.
When the first divided pits P1 are provided in the first subunit U11 and the second divided pits P2 in the second subunit U12 as shown in (a) in FIG. 6, it is apparent from (a) in FIG. 7 that as the sum signal S1 is the largest output among the sum signals S1 to S4, Sa=1 through the comparison of the sum signals S1 to S4 in the comparator CP3. Sa=1 is the information representing that the first and second divided pits P1 and P2 are arranged as shown in (a) in FIG. 6.
Likewise, information representing the arrangement of the first and second divided pits P1 and P2 as shown in (b) to (d) in FIG. 6 can be obtained based on the result of the comparison done in the comparator CP3.
According to the third embodiment of the present invention wherein the arrangement information of the first and second divided pits P1 and P2 are added to the second embodiment, one unit area U can have four times the amount of information available in the second embodiment, thus further improving the information recording density.
That is, pieces of information which correspond in number to the combinations of (Sa, Sb, Sc, Sd) and (r1n, r2n) can be recorded in a single unit area U.
FIG. 9 presents a characteristic diagram showing the relation between the number of pits per unit and the number of wavelengths (depths of pits) in the third embodiment.
FIG. 10 presents a characteristic diagram showing the unit area density and the longest wavelength in use.
In FIG. 10, a solid line C21 indicates the unit area density when the number of apertures NA is 0.45 and the longest wavelength λL ranges from 0.60 μm to 0.80 μm. A broken line C22 indicates the unit area density when the number of apertures NA is 0.50 and the longest wavelength λL ranges from 0.60 μm to 0.80 μm. An alternate long and short dash line C23 indicates the unit area density when the number of apertures NA is 0.55 and the longest wavelength λL ranges from 0.60 μm to 0.80 μm. An alternate long and two short dashes line C24 indicates the unit area density when the number of apertures NA is 0.60 and the longest wavelength λL ranges from 0.60 μm to 0.80 μm.
Next, the recording density will be described below.
Given that the number of wavelengths (depths of pits) is n in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the number of combinations of the depths of the first and second divided pits P1 and P2 is expressed as follows.
number of combinations=(number of wavelengths).sup.2 ×4
The number of pits in those combinations is expressed as follows.
number of bits=log.sub.2 (number of combinations)=log.sub.2 [(number of combinations).sup.2 ×4]
Thus, the relationship between the number of pits per unit U and the number of wavelengths in the third embodiment becomes as shown in the characteristic diagram of FIG. 9.
The size of the unit U is determined by the longest wavelength λL and is given by the following equation.
unit size=[λ.sub.L /(2.sup.1/2 ×NA)].sup.2
Thus, the relationship between the longest wavelength χL and the unit density becomes as shown in FIG. 10.
From the above, the recording density in the third embodiment is given as follows.
recording density={log.sub.2 [number of combinations).sup.2 ×4]}/[λ.sub.L /(2.sup.1/2 ×NA)].sup.2
When the longest wavelength λL is 0.785 μm which is the wavelength of the existing pickup, the number of wavelengths is 2 and the number of apertures NA is 0.5 which is the same as the existing one, the recording density becomes 0.8×4=3.2 (pits/μm2), 2.4 times that of the existing CD, from the above equation.
A sync signal may be recorded on the optical disk by inserting a sync pit within a group of consecutive pits and the sync signal can be utilized for detecting a timing when the reading spot coincide with the unit area. The information signal based on the reflected beam may be evaluated at each of the particular sync timings.
In short, the optical disk according to the present invention has pit information recorded by setting multi-leveled depths for the pits provided in individual unit areas continuously segmented in the information recording direction, so that the information recording density can be improved.
According to the optical-disk information reproducing method of the present invention, a beam having a plurality of wavelengths corresponding to four times the multi-leveled depths of pits is irradiated as a read beam to each unit area on the optical disk, pit information is acquired based on the reflected beam from the unit area, and composite pit information recorded on the optical disk is reproduced based on the combination of the arrangement information of the pits in the unit area and the depth information of the pits.

Claims (3)

What is claimed is:
1. An information reproducing method of reproducing information from an optical disk having unit areas continuously provided in a circumferential direction, each bit of said information being recorded in the form of a pit, wherein said optical disk comprises at least one pit in each of said unit areas, said pit having a depth of one of n depths, n being an integer having a value of at least two, wherein each bit of said information recorded in the form of a pit has a depth which corresponds respectively to one of said n depths, each bit of said information being recorded by setting a depth of a corresponding pit, said information reproducing method comprising the steps of:
irradiating a read beam having frequency components of n wavelengths corresponding to four times said n depths, respectively, to a row of said unit areas; and
acquiring pit information based on an intensity distribution in a plane perpendicular to an optical axis of a reflected beam from said row of unit areas.
2. An information reproducing method of reproducing information from an optical disk having unit areas continuously provided in a circumferential direction, each bit of said information being recorded in the form of a pit, wherein said optical disk comprises at least one pit in each of said unit areas, said pit having a depth of one of n depths, n being an integer having a value of at least two, wherein each bit of said information recorded in the form of a pit has a depth which corresponds respectively to one of said n depths, each bit of said information being recorded by setting a depth of a corresponding pit, and wherein each of said unit areas is divided in a circumferential direction into at least two sub areas arranged in a radial direction of said disk, at least one of said two sub areas comprising one pit corresponding to at least one bit, said information reproducing method comprising the steps of:
irradiating a read beam having frequency components of n wavelengths corresponding to four times said n depths, respectively, to a row of said unit areas;
acquiring pit information for each of said sub areas based on an intensity distribution in a plane perpendicular to an optical axis of a reflected beam from said row of unit areas; and
acquiring composite pit information from a combination of said pit information for said sub areas.
3. An information reproducing method of reproducing information from an optical disk having unit areas continuously provided in a circumferential direction, each bit of said information being recorded in the form of a pit, wherein said optical disk comprises at least one pit in each of said unit areas, said pit having a depth of one of n depths, n being an integer having a value of at least two, wherein each bit of information recorded in the form of a pit has a depth which corresponds respectively to one of said n depths, each bit of said information being recorded by setting a depth of a corresponding pit, and wherein each of said unit areas is divided in a circumferential direction into at least two sub areas arranged in a radial direction of said disk, at least one of said two sub areas comprising one pit corresponding to at least one bit, wherein each of said unit areas is further divided into two in a radial direction of said disk to provide four sub areas, wherein said pit is divided into two divided pits, said divided pits being arranged in any two of said four sub areas, said information reproducing method comprising the steps of:
irradiating a read beam having frequency components of n wavelengths corresponding to four times said n depths, respectively, to a row of said unit areas;
acquiring distribution information of said two divided pits in said four sub areas and divided-pit information of said two divided pits based on an intensity distribution in a plane perpendicular to an optical axis of a reflected beam from said row of unit areas; and
acquiring composite pit information from a combination of said distribution information of said two divided pits and said divided-pit information for every said two divided pits.
US08/441,576 1992-04-09 1995-05-15 Optical information reproducing system with a reading beam having frequency components of N wavelengths corresponding to four times the N depths to a row of pits Expired - Fee Related US5539722A (en)

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DE69326181D1 (en) 1999-10-07
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DE69326181T2 (en) 2000-01-05
JPH05290379A (en) 1993-11-05

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