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US4786147A - Nematic liquid cell weakly doped by a chiral solute and of the type having electrically controlled birefringence - Google Patents

Nematic liquid cell weakly doped by a chiral solute and of the type having electrically controlled birefringence Download PDF

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Publication number
US4786147A
US4786147A US07/165,376 US16537688A US4786147A US 4786147 A US4786147 A US 4786147A US 16537688 A US16537688 A US 16537688A US 4786147 A US4786147 A US 4786147A
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liquid crystal
cell
sub
layer
voltage
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US07/165,376
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Jean-Frederic Clerc
Laurence Rabas
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/02—Liquid crystal materials characterised by optical, electrical or physical properties of the components, in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
    • C09K19/58—Dopants or charge transfer agents
    • C09K19/586—Optically active dopants; chiral dopants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13712—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nematic liquid crystal cell weakly doped by a chiral solute and of the type having electrically controlled birefringence. It particularly applies to the production of means for the display of fixed or moving images or pictures.
  • Nematic liquid crystal cells which utilize the electrically controlled birefringence effect. Such cells suffer from the disadvantage of requiring expensive circular polarizes to enable them to function correctly.
  • Liquid crystal cells which have a nematic liquid crystal coating to which a dichroic dye is added and which are highly doped by a chiral solute, in such a way that the resulting cholesteric liquid crystal twist is roughly the same as the thickness of the liquid crystal coating.
  • such cells use the selective absorption of the dichroic dye in unpolarized natural light and the "white” and “black” states of said cells respectively corresponding to the very different tilts of the molecules in said cells. In the centre thereof, the tilt is approximately zero degrees for the white state and approximately 70 to 90 degrees for the black state.
  • the present invention is directed at obviating the aforementioned disadvantage and, in a special realization, to also make it possible to obtain display means, whose multiplexing ratio or level and consequently the number of lines exceed that of known displays using the electrically controlled birefringence effect (for which the number of lines hardly exceeds 250).
  • the present invention more specifically relates to a liquid crystal cell comprising a system having a liquid crystal coating and two electrodes on either side of the coating and whereof at least one is transparent, wherein the liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy and weakly doped by a chiral solute, in such a way that the resulting cholisteric liquid crystal twist exceeds approximately twice the thickness of the coating and is less than approximately 8 times said thickness, wherein one of the sides of said system is to be exposed to an incident light and wherein the cell is of the electrically controlled birefringence type and comprises, at least on said side, an incident light polarization means.
  • the present invention consequently makes it possible to use, as desired, for the polarization of the light either one or more circular polarizers, or one or more linear polarizers, the latter being much less costly than the former.
  • rodes are transparent and the cell comprises two crossed linear polarizers on either side of the electrodes.
  • One of the polarizers can be disposed in such a way that its maximum absorption takes place parallel to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules located in the centre of the coating, respectively in the absence of a voltage between the electrodes and in the presence of a voltage between the same exceeding the threshold voltage of the cell.
  • the polarization means is a linear polarizer and one of the electrodes is optically reflective and is located opposite to said polarizer with respect to the liquid crystal coating.
  • the polarizer can be positioned in such a way that its maximum absorption takes place parallel to the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules located in the centre of the coating, respectively in the absence of a voltage between the electrodes and in the presence of a voltage between them and which exceeds the threshold voltage of the cell.
  • the nematic liquid crystal is chosen in such a way that its fanning K 11 , twisting K 22 and bending K 33 elastics constants prove the following relation:
  • FIG. 1 a diagrammatic exploded view of a doped nematic liquid crystal cell using the electrically controlled birefringency effect according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B the orientations of the molecules located in the centre of the liquid crystal coating of a pure nematic cell, respectively in the case where no voltage is applied between the cell electrodes and in the case where a voltage exceeding the threshold voltage of said cell is applied between said electrodes.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3E the orientations of the molecules of a liquid crystal coating of a cell according to the invention at different levels of said coating, when a voltage exceeding the threshold voltage of the cell is applied between the electrodes thereof.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4E the different orientations in plan view.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows in exploded view form, a liquid crystal cell according to the invention, which comprises liquid crystal coating 2 of thickness e between a lower plate 4 and an upper plate 6, which are parallel and transparent and are e.g. made from glass. Electrodes 8 and 9 are respectively placed on the faces of plates 4, 6, which directly face one another.
  • the liquid crystal is of the nematic type and is weakly doped by a chiral solute, in such a way that the resulting cholesteric liquid crystal twist P O proves the following double inequality :
  • the cell is of the electrically controlled birefringence type, i.e. in the absence of a voltage between the electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules are substantially perpendicular to plates 4 and 6 and are consequently parallel to an axis Oz perpendicular to said plates and oriented from lower plate 4 to upper plate 6, point 0 being chosen on the lower plate in such a way that said point corresponds to a zero liquid crystal thickness.
  • the projections on plane Oxy of the axes n of the molecules of the liquid crystal coating also form with axis Ox angle ⁇ dependent on the depth at which the molecules are located in the liquid crystal coating.
  • angle ⁇ is zero for all molecules of the liquid crystal coating and the angle ⁇ M at the centre of the coating is given by the following formula applying in the case of angle ⁇ below 30°:
  • angles ⁇ M is expressed in radians
  • V a represents the voltage applied between the electrodes
  • V SO represents the threshold voltage of the electro optical effect in the pure nematic liquid crystal cell
  • E a represents the dielectric anisotropy of the pure nematic liquid crystal, which is assumed to be negative in the present invention and equal to the difference between the value E par of the dielectric constant of a molecule, counted parallel to the axis thereof, and the value E perp of said constant, counted perpendicularly to said axis and H 31 is equal to (K 33 -K 11 )/K 33 , K 33 being the bending elastic constant of said liquid crystal.
  • nematic liquid crystal displays for improving the multiplexing level, attempts are made to use nematic liquid crystals having the highest possible ratio H 31 .
  • the known displays use nematic liquid crystals, whose ratio H 31 is approximately 0.21 and whose threshold voltage V SO is approximately 4.5 V.
  • V S represents the threshold voltage corresponding to the nematic mixture plus the chiral solute and is:
  • K 22 represents the twisting elastic constant of the pure nematic liquid crystal.
  • H 32 is equal to (K 33 -K 22 )/K 33 .
  • quantity H 31 + exceeds quantity H 31 .
  • the nematic liquid crystal doped by the chiral solute has a better selectivity on electric addressing than the pure nematic liquid crystal. Therefore, the multiplexing level is increased by adding a chiral solute to the nematic liquid crystal.
  • the threshold voltage V S is below the threshold voltage V SO , which corresponds to a reduction in the addressing voltages.
  • the nematic liquid crystal is a mixture of Schiff's bases proving the inequality 7 with an obviously infinite twist P O (no doping) a coefficient H 31 + of 0.21, a zero coefficient X and a threshold voltage V S of 4.5 V.
  • the chiral solute is the product marketed under reference CB15 by MERCK. For various concentrations of this product (corresponding to different twists P O ), the following table is obtained:
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain moving or fixed image displays which can have 400 or more lines.
  • the cell according to the invention is not comparable with the aforementioned known cells having dichroic dyes.
  • the cell according to the invention uses an optical effect calling on the birefringence of a liquid crystal without a dye and has at least one light polarizing means.
  • the chiral solute ratio is much lower than in the known cells.
  • the white and black state in the cell according to the invention both correspond to very small tilts of the molecules (about 1° for the black state and 10° for the white state in the centre of the liquid crystal coating). These small tilts permit a great selectivity of the electro optical effect at the voltage applied between the electrodes, the display then being acquired for a signal to noise ratio of close to 1.05.
  • the cell described hereinbefore with reference thereto has transparent electrodes and also comprises a first linear polarizer 12 and a second linear polarizer 14 surrounding the system constituted by coating 2 and by the two plates 4 and 6.
  • the first polarizer 12 is on the side of the lower plate 4 and has a maximum absorption direction P 1 parallel to axis Oy.
  • the second linear polarizer 14 is on the side of the upper plate 6 and has a maximum absorption direction P 2 parallel to axis Ox.
  • the cell is illuminated by light striking the first polarizer 12 and said cell is observed through the second polarizer 14, the observation plane ⁇ being parallel to plane Oxz.
  • the addition of the chiral solute to the nematic makes it possible to turn the tilt direction n in the thickness of the liquid crystal coating.
  • the values of ⁇ and ⁇ corresponding to these depths are given in the following table in which ⁇ 1 is a positive value:
  • Doping leading to a twist P 0 satisfying the double inequality 1 makes it possible to avoid "waveguide" conditions (used for cells of the helical nematic type but which are prejudicial for cells of the electrically controlled birefringence type), due to the small tilt angles obtained according to the invention, and to give an optical sensitivity to the tilt, even between 2 linear polarizers arranged as indicated hereinbefore with reference to FIG. 1 and leading to a wide viewing angle in observation plane ⁇ .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
US07/165,376 1984-07-26 1988-02-29 Nematic liquid cell weakly doped by a chiral solute and of the type having electrically controlled birefringence Expired - Lifetime US4786147A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8411896A FR2568393B1 (fr) 1984-07-26 1984-07-26 Cellule a cristal liquide nematique faiblement dope par un solute chiral, et du type a birefringence controlee electriquement
FR8411896 1984-07-26

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US06756059 Continuation 1985-07-17

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US (1) US4786147A (fr)
EP (1) EP0173608B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0782174B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3575027D1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2568393B1 (fr)

Cited By (23)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5102464A (en) * 1985-08-12 1992-04-07 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Vermiculite dispersions and method of preparing same
WO1992017813A1 (fr) * 1991-04-03 1992-10-15 MERCK Patent Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Systeme electro-optique
US5165059A (en) * 1989-06-01 1992-11-17 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Waveguides using chiral materials
US5182664A (en) * 1989-12-21 1993-01-26 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display having electrically controlled birefringence
US5251049A (en) * 1990-06-22 1993-10-05 Fujitsu Limited Reflection type active matrix liquid crystal apparatus
US5278684A (en) * 1986-12-11 1994-01-11 Fujitsu Limited Parallel aligned chiral nematic liquid crystal display element
USRE36654E (en) * 1989-03-28 2000-04-11 In Focus Systems, Inc. Stacked LCD color display
US6100953A (en) * 1998-08-20 2000-08-08 Lg. Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. Multi-domain liquid crystal display device with concave portion in color filter and method of manufacturing thereof
US6184957B1 (en) * 1996-05-15 2001-02-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display having optical compensatory sheet with negative uniaxial property and an optical axis parallel to the plane of the sheet
US6335776B1 (en) 1998-05-30 2002-01-01 Lg. Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. Multi-domain liquid crystal display device having an auxiliary electrode formed on the same layer as the pixel electrode
US20020005927A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2002-01-17 Ko Doo Hyun Multi-domain liquid crystal display device and method for fabricating the same
US6449025B2 (en) 1998-07-23 2002-09-10 Lg. Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. Multi-domain liquid crystal display device having field affecting electrode
US6466288B1 (en) 1998-07-25 2002-10-15 Lg Lcd, Inc. Multi-domain liquid crystal display device
US6593987B1 (en) 1998-05-30 2003-07-15 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Multi-domain surface mode device
US6633357B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2003-10-14 Lg. Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. Multi-domain liquid crystal display device and method of fabricating the same
US6654090B1 (en) 1998-09-18 2003-11-25 Lg. Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. Multi-domain liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing thereof
US6661488B1 (en) 1997-06-12 2003-12-09 Fujitsu Limited Vertically-alligned (VA) liquid crystal display device
US6750933B1 (en) 1998-08-06 2004-06-15 Lg.Phillips Lcd Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal display and the method of its fabrication
US20040135950A1 (en) * 2000-09-23 2004-07-15 Lee Man Hoan HTN mode liquid crystal display device
US6774966B1 (en) 1997-06-10 2004-08-10 Lg.Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display with wide viewing angle and method for making it
US20050140887A1 (en) * 1998-05-16 2005-06-30 Song Jang-Kun Liquid crystal displays having multi-domains and a manufacturing method thereof
US20060114402A1 (en) * 1997-05-29 2006-06-01 Lyu Jae-Jin Liquid crystal display having wide viewing angle
US20070081116A1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2007-04-12 Song Jang-Kun Liquid crytsal display

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EP0271344B1 (fr) * 1986-12-11 1994-06-08 Fujitsu Limited Elément d'afficheur à cristaux liquides et son procédé de commande
JPH03122615A (ja) * 1989-10-06 1991-05-24 Toshiba Corp 液晶表示装置
US5593175A (en) * 1991-12-17 1997-01-14 Railway Technical Research Institute Leg apparatus for the magnetically levitated vehicle
US6577368B1 (en) * 1997-11-03 2003-06-10 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. IPS-LCD having a third electrode having aperture and formed on counter substrate

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Cited By (64)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5102464A (en) * 1985-08-12 1992-04-07 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Vermiculite dispersions and method of preparing same
US5278684A (en) * 1986-12-11 1994-01-11 Fujitsu Limited Parallel aligned chiral nematic liquid crystal display element
USRE36654E (en) * 1989-03-28 2000-04-11 In Focus Systems, Inc. Stacked LCD color display
US5165059A (en) * 1989-06-01 1992-11-17 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Waveguides using chiral materials
US5182664A (en) * 1989-12-21 1993-01-26 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display having electrically controlled birefringence
US5251049A (en) * 1990-06-22 1993-10-05 Fujitsu Limited Reflection type active matrix liquid crystal apparatus
WO1992017813A1 (fr) * 1991-04-03 1992-10-15 MERCK Patent Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Systeme electro-optique
US6184957B1 (en) * 1996-05-15 2001-02-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display having optical compensatory sheet with negative uniaxial property and an optical axis parallel to the plane of the sheet
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0782174B2 (ja) 1995-09-06
EP0173608A1 (fr) 1986-03-05
FR2568393A1 (fr) 1986-01-31
JPS6152632A (ja) 1986-03-15
EP0173608B1 (fr) 1989-12-27
DE3575027D1 (de) 1990-02-01
FR2568393B1 (fr) 1986-11-14

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