US445763A - James a - Google Patents

Description

4 JQAQ SCLLTONl HEATING AND VBNTLATNG'APARATUS AND SYSTEM.

Patented Feb. 3,1891.

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:n afnam-umu Aswwrvu UNITED STATES v PATENT OEEICE.l

JAMES A. SKILTON, OF BROOKLYN, NEV YORK.

HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS AND SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 445,763, dated February 3, 1891 Application tiled November 2 1889. Serial No. 329,040. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, J AMES A. SKILTON, ofthe city of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Heating and Ventilating Apparatus, Systems, and Arts, of which the following is a specification, and for which I have obtained no foreign Letters Patent Whatever.

My invention relates to steam or hotwvater radiators and particularly to such radiators provided with open or perforated hollowsteambases adapted to be located in the rooms or suites of rooms to be heated, or heated and ventilated, and also to devices associated therewith for creating and controlling currents lof steam or hot water in circuit-pipes and of air in and through the heating-chamber and the room. y

The direct objects of my invention, so far as the immediate apparatus is concerned, are to provide a simple means for controlling, limiting, and directing the radiating action of the radiator, for increasing the movement and work of the steam or hot-water circulation in the radiator, for increasing the efficiency of the radiator by bringing a larger amount of air in contact with it in a given time, and thereby increasing the area it will heat, for increasing the proportion of heating done by convection and diminishing that done by radiation in the room, for increasing the movement ot air within the room and to and fromthe radiator, for u nmaskin g masked portions of the radiator, for masking or pre-- venting the action of certain portions of it upon the adjacent air, and for directing air circulation so as to intercept, warm, and dis* tribute the currents of fresh air entering the room by, through, around, or under a window, window-sash, or other aperture. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in whichp the same; and Fig. o

Figure l is a vertical sectional view of the radiator, radiator-case, windo\v-seat, and window. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional View of is a front View of the radiator-easing, base, and top.

,Similar letters `relate to similar parts throughout the several views.`

In another application, Serial N o. 329,039, tiled November2, 1889, [have shown the radi,-

or divided hollow' base, which contains a snpply of steam and allows air to pass through the bottom of the base, as alreadyin use, and into the heating-chamber formed bythe casing when applied thereto, as shown and described herein. 'lhe radiator used may be either of the steam or hot-water variety.

R is the radiator, the upright doulole tubes T ot which may be of the form shown or of any usual form. y

B is the base, provided with an open, perforated, or divided steam or hot-water chamber or chambers in the base.

C is an outside or external casing composed, preferably, of sheet metal, surrounding the radiator-pipes or upright tubes resting upon the base B, so as to form a heating-chamber and preferably continuous or Without openings, exeept at the top and bottom, as originally made, and before beingplaced ,on .the base.

casing O rests, only partly closes the bottom of the casing. The opening O through the base may be of any usual form or any form permitted by the construction of the base and radiator pipes but I prefer the form shown at O in Figs. l and 3, for the reason that it furnishes the means for readily connecting the external and internal air-iiues therewith, and is so located between the rows of tubes that the incoming air will strike the inner sides ot' all the double tubes T, and, by abstracting the heat from the steam or water or condensing the steam therein, aid in producing a circulation in nnmasking the adjacent and otherwise masked sides of the double tubes, &c. There it is desired to use a base having holes through it located here and there, or to improve a radiator of that kind already made or in use, the box or Hue D may be made without atop or an extension up# IOO ward, as into the opening O, or, in other words, be left open between the corners M and M', where the box D will then make joint with the bottom of the base B, and permit the incoming' air to pass upward through any number of holes in and through the base and into the heating-chamber, or the connection between the base and the box D may be made in any usual manner.

A is a cold-air chamber opening at one end under a window-sash and at the other into a flue F, provided, preferably, with a damper F', and connected with an inclosed box or ilne D, leading to or into the opening O. The flue F may be extended to the window-opening as a direct continuous 'tlue to receive the air from without and conduct it through the box D into the casing C; but I prefer the cold-air chamber A, as best calculated to furnish a cold-air supply in sufficient quantity and at a low level, from which it may be readily drawn into the casing under all circumstances. At the front side the flue or box D is provided with a slide or register S to close or open thel flue to the inner air of the room. At top the casing may carry the ordinary radiator ornamental cap E with or without the register G, ora cap of any other form provided with a register for opening or closing the top of the radiator-easing. ln some cases the original topl will go over the top of the casing, in others the casing will be outside the lower flange of the top, or the top edge of the easing may be drawn in to receive the cap, with its lian ge outside the ease.

rlhe operation of the apparatus is as tollows: When fresh airlrom without is desired, the window is raised so as to open the coldair box A and admit ai r to the heating-chambe-r through the flue F and opening O. Since the cool air is admitteddirectl y into the space between the double tubes T T, the steam of the adjacent passages thereof will first and in the largest degree part with its heat to the incoming'air, and thereby establish a downward current in one passage and an upward current i-n the other associated passage of each tube. rlhe casing C willmask the outer passages and to some extent help to maintain a higher heat therein than in the inside passages, thus accelerating the circulation and promoting the rapidity of action'and increasing both the volume of heat delivered to the incoming air by the radiator and the amount of air passing to be heated. The steam-base, through which the incoming air enters, being at high heat and provided with a large supply ot steam (or hot water where water is used) will give the air a strong and immediate` upward tendency that will increase the speed of the current of air without the use ot' a blower, and when desired diaphragms may be used to deflect the current of air or detain-the air, make it pass over a larger heating-surface by moving laterally within the heating-chamber, and thus insuring the heating ot it, say, in cases where the tubes T are not or cannot bc suit-ably made very high. These diaphragms P and P' are shown in sectional view in Fig. l. The diaphragms P, one or more in sets on each side ot the chamber, are so located as to detain the air or check its upward course along the sides or legs of the loops which are to be kept the hottest, and the diaphragms P', one or more, are located adjacent to the sides or legs Aof the loops which are expected to be the coolestiand from which the heat is to be taken in greatest quantity by the air-current passing through the chamber, but should not beso wide as to interfere too much with the air or deflect it against the other sides or legs of the loops that are to be kept the hotter of the two,but only be placed near enough to these legs on each side to insure sufficient deflection to make all the air pass near to them or make contact and take heat therefrom. These diaphragms should be supported by lugs L on the inside of the casing, as shown, or in any usual manner. lVhen it is desired to heat only the air ot' the room, without special ventilation, the windowsash being shut down, the air may be admitted to the hcating-chamber through the slide or register S and by the way of the opening O. The air will then pass upward through the heating-chamber, acting in proportion to temperatures, as described in the case of the admission of external air. In both cases the direct radiation of heat beyond and outside of the casing willbe decreased or cutoff, rst, by the reflection of the casing inwardly, and, second, by the taking up of the radiated heat from the tubes and base by the rapidly-mow' ing` air, conduction and convection being substituted for radiation. lf the damper or valve F' is left open when the windowsash is pushed down, air will continue to pass down into the chamber A, and thence into the heating-chamber, mingling with the air entering through the registerS. At times this will be found advantageous, since air entering around the windowr willbe drawn through the apparatus; but, when desired, the valve F' being closed, air can only iind entrance through the register S, and local air circulation will then be established and maintained as long as desired.

One object in placing a register in the top of the casing is that by closing the top the attendant may be able to prevent the passage of air, check the transfer of heat thereto, and hold the temperature of the radiator steady, so as to act back on the boiler or source lof heat in preventing waste of heat. The same results in kind, it not in quantity, may be accomplished by closing the register S and the damper F', whereupon but com-paratively little heat will be carried away from the radiator, or but alimited areain the room will be aitected thereby. g I

By using a casing, an air-chamber, and the closing devicesk thus described, in combination with a radiator having a perfor-ate base, a radiator already set u p without other IOO IIO

change may be made capable of heating a much larger room-space than could be heated by the radiator without that combination.

The radiator, as shown herein, consisting of the hollow perforate stcambase, upright tubes and cap or cover, and constituting part of the elements of this invention, is old and `in common use, except as to position of This invention consists in the various combinations of the outside casing forming a heating-chamber, the ai r-flues, chambers, and boxes, their closing devices, and the top register, with this old radiator or these old ele- 1 ber and at the same time permits direct radiation from a part of the same base, and also into the lower part of the room or compart ment in which it stands and where it will be useful in warming the feet by downward and lateral radiation without the objectionable effects incident to radiation from the upper part of the radiator, gives direct control over the currents of air entering lthe chamber and within it, so as to aid in promoting its own circulation, and also that of the steam or hot water; or, in other words7 increases the eiiieiency of the entire apparatus, while diminishing the objectionable effects of the naked radiator to such an extent that a person may sit almost in contact with the casing while the apparatus is in full operation without being annoyed or made uncomfortable by excessive radiated heat or otherwise; permits the masking of tubes that are unmasked in the naked radiator and in the radiator covered by a larger casing resting on the floor; permits the unmasking of tubes that are by an out-side case or jacket open at top and A forming a heating-chamber is that the air which is admitted through one or more openings in the base may be hea-ted. by being brought in contact. primarily or principally with one side or leg of the double pipes or tubes, so as to take a greater portion of heat from such side or leg, and thereby lowering the temperature of the heating medium therein below that of the other side or leg to increase the circulation of the heating mediumin the pipes or tubes. i

The object of combining a radiator with circulating return-tubes and a casing forming a heating-chamber around the same is to thereby improve the circulation of such tubes by accelerating the movement of the heating medium through the controlled action of the air passing through the herding-chamber to be heated and during the process of such heating.

, The object of combining a radiator provided with circulating tubes with a casing forming a heatingchamber around the same and with one or more diaphragms or sets of diaphragrns is to improve the circulation in such circulating-tubes by detaining and deflecting the currents of air passing through the heating-chamber, so as to abstract more heat from one limb of the tube than from the other.

Vhere a radiator located in the room to be heated and inclosed in a casin g larger in crosssection than the steam-base and forming a heating-chamber in the usual way, as heretofore made, has been used either for heating' the air of ther-oom or for heating and at the same time Ventilating the room by means of air introduced from the outside through the heatingchamber so formed, the difficulty has .been to get sufficiently strong and rapid 1notion of thc air through the heating-chamber to send it to a distance in the room, te draw the air into the chamber, or to force the bad air of the room out by fines or otherwise. The consequence is that only a comparatively small area can be heated or ventilated bysucli a chamber, for the reason that the chamber used is too large and contains so much air that only a part can make contact. Much of it must depend forits heat upon thepoor method of radiation, and consequently the forcing and pumping power of the chamber is small. It has, therefore, been found necessary to use blowers and expensive associated machinery for the purpose of forcing air-currents into, through, and out of rooms.

The principle of my new or improved system is that by reducing the size of the chamber below that heretofore used and considered necessary I obtain strong and rapid motion of the air, and thereby compel the air to make contact with the heatingsurfaces and abstract the heat therefrom by direct contact and conduction as much as possibleand with little dependence on radiation to warm the air. In other words, I use the principle of high tension. Where such contact is made, the air need not be delayed to secure efficient action, since heat is instantly imparted, thereby developing a state of high tension and quick and strong action. lVith increased rapidity and strength of movement I secure the` means of sending the air to a greater distance in the room after it is heated. and of IIO - blo-wers and other expensive apparatus.

drawing the air to be heated from a greater distance, and consequently am able to heat rooms of larger size by the use of radiators of the same power or without increasing the size of the radiator and without the aid of At the same time the rapidly-moving air, taking up the heat by contact and conduction and absorbing one mode of motion or changing it into anot-her, prevents the heating of the outer casing to such an extent that the hand or person will not suffer when in contact with the casing as they would at the same distance from the radiator if the casin gwere absent. I reduce the chamber in this instance and effect the high-tension heating described by resting the lower edge of the casing on the hollow steam-base in close proximity to the upright pipes, thereby leaving small air-space in the chamber and compelling all the air to either make contact or pass very near to the hot surfaces and to receive heat quickly and also coincidently strong upward impulse. In this way I secure the same superior heating effects in transferring the heat to the air noticed when the hand is placed in direct contact with a heated surface as against those realized when the hand is held at some distance away.v Where a hot-air furnace is located in a cellar and supplies the rooms on upper floors with heated air in the usual way, there is a strong draft caused by long high fines full of heated air; but where the cased radiator is located in the room to be heated and obtains its air on the same level, as heretofore constructed, there is no such rapid movement of air, or rather where there are the usual spaces in the heating-chamber and the same heating surface heretofore provided a much smaller volume of air will be drawn through the chamber and heated and less power for air movement will be generated. I diminish the size of the chamber in proportion to the heatingsurface, and thereby obtain more intensity of action and more power to heat and move the air in proportion thereto, and I use the power so gained to draw in air and force air to a greater distance in the room and up or along escape-Ventilating flues without the aid of fans or blowers.

Ventilation and the distribution of heated air in spaces to be heated finally resolve themselves into a question of heat and heat-power. The use of blowers to effect ventilation and distribution requires engines, extra boilers, other machinery, engineers, and other expense, all of which it is my object to avoid by the use of a high-tension heating-chamber, in which I obtain the power to move the air, force it up escape-fines, or send it wher'- ever itis wanted directly without the intervening use of other motor mechanisms, and therefore cheaply and by a method that can be easily understood, managed, and madel effective in small or large rooms or buildings, where one radiator only or where many are required, without the aid of experts and by persons of ordinary intelligence.

I have described the radiator, hollow perfor-ate base, upright tubes, and cap or cover shown as old and in common use; but as' formerly used the upright tubes were placed at right angles to the positions shown and described herein. I have changed their positions so that one leg is located adjoining'or adjacent to the opening O and the airline or space above it, and the other leg is removed as far as possible therefrom and therefore out of the direct air-current passingthrough the heating-chamber. The object of this new disposition of the double circulating-tubes is to avoid taking the heat equally from both legs, as formerly, to take it principally from one leg of the double or circulating pipe, and thereby differentiate the pressure in the two legs and increase the flowvv of the two cur ren ts-viz., that of the heating m edium, steam or water, and also that of the air being heated.

In the application already mentioned and filed at the same time with this application, the base being i mperforate, the air is admitted to the heating-chamber through the casing above the base and so as to come in contact only with its top. In this application, however, the base being perforate or open, an advantage is obtained by admitting the air through the base vertically, preferably in its center, where it will meet the hottest surfaces, and whence it may pass directly upward between the double tubes in such a way as to abstract the heat more largely from one limb of lthe tubes than from the other. By the words perforate,7 open, and divided, relating to the hollow base, I mean perforate orv open tothe free passage of ain therethrough. I consider it a fault in previous constructions, in which a casing has been used around a radiator as a heatingchamber, that the casing has been placed too far from the radiator-tubes' or other radiatingsurfaces, and, therefore, made too large to produce the required amount of propellingpower in or upon the air passing through the heating-chamber and the required convection-power for heating purposes. This fault I avoid by making the chamber of such a size that the area of a horizontal section of the casing will be smaller than that of the base, so as to bring the casing close to the tubes or pipes, and thereby obtainy substantial gains in both respects. This is one of the objects of resting the easing directly on the base in the manner shown and described. l

I have filed three other applications, which are now pending, and in which are shown as elements a casing or jacket, a radiator with a hollow base, and other elements. These applications are as follows: Serial No. 265,838, filed March l, 1888; Serial No. 273,821, filed May 14, 1888, and Serial No. 329,039,r filed November 2,1889. In the last-mentioned appli- IOO IIO

cation all the comlfiinations require or are limited to a radiator with a hollow or chambcred base or to a base and associated tubes connected therewith. In this application the limitation is to a perforate base as one of the elements of the invention. All the inventions not s et forth nor allowed in the claims as finally presented and allowed in this nor in the three applications above mentioned are disclaimed so far as this application is concerned and in favor of application, Serial No. 265,838, and all the inventions set forth in the claims of said three applications as finally allowed are also disclaimed as to this application.

I do not desire to limit this invention to the use of pipes, tubes, or channels for receiving steam or hot water from the base of any particular size or of any particular proportions relative to the base so far as the chambers and passages are concerned.

What I claim as my invention isl. A steam or hot-water radiator having a perforated hollow base for the passage of air through the same and pipes, tubes, or channels receivingtheir supply of steam or hot water from the hollow base surrounded with an outside casing or'jacket resting upon the base and forming a heating-chamber, into which air is admitted through the base.

i. A steam or hot-water radiator having' an open or perforated base chambered for steam or hot water audtubes, pipes, or channels supplied with steam or hot water therefrom, provided with an outside casing or jacket around the same, forming a heating-chamber partly closed by the base, and connected with a :tluc leading from the open air through the base.

3. A steam or hot-water radiator having' an open or perforated hollow base and pipes, tubes, or channels receiving their supply of steam or hot water therefrom, provided with a jacket or casing around the radiator, forming a heating-chamber partly closed by the base, and connected with a tine leading from the air of the room int-o the chamber through the base.

+L. A steam or hot-water radiator having an open or perforated base chambered forsteam or hotwater and pipes, tubes, or channels connected with and supplied therefrom, provided with a casing or jacket around the sam e, forming a heating-chamber partly closed by the base, and connected with a valved flue leading from the open air through the base.

5. A steam or hot-water radiator having an open or perforated hollow base and pipes, tubes, or channels connecting therewith, provided with an outside jacket or casing around the radiator, formin ga heating-chamber part- 1y closed by thc base, and connected with a valved flue leading from the air of the room into the chamber through the base.

6. A radiator surrounded by a jacket or casing resting upon a hollow perforated base which is provided with connecting pipes, tubes, or channels, and forming a heatingchamber which receives the air to be heated through the base, in combination with an airbox connected with ilues or chambers leading from the outer'air, and also from the inner air oi' the room into and through the base and into the heating-chamber.

7 L A steam or hot-water radiator having an open or perforated hollow base and pipes, tubes, or channels connecting with and supplied therefrom, provided with an outside jacket or casing resting upon the base and forming a heating-chamber into which air is admitted through the base by tlues or chambers connecting with the outer and innerair, respectively, each of which is provided with independent opening and closing devices.

S'. A heating-chamber formed by an outside jacket or casing around a radiator, in combination with aperforated hollow radiator base and top or cover, the jacketor casing resting on the base, surrounding the pipes, tubes, or channels connecting therewith, receiving theai r to be heated through the base, and delivering it into the room through the top or cover.

9. A steam or hot-water radiator consisting of a hollow or chambered base and double or circulating pipes or tubes connected therewith, surrounded by a jacket or casing resting upon or supported by the base and forming a heating-chamber intowhich air is admitted through openings or perforations through the base leading into the spaces between the mutually masking circulating pipes or tubes.

l0. The following elements in combination: irst, a hollow perforate radiator-base and upright pipes or tubes; second, a sheet-metal casing resting on the `radiator-base, `forming a heating-chamber, and, third, a radiator-top resting on or in the radiator-casing, as shown and described.

ll. A steam or hot-water radiator having an open or perforated hollow base, with pipes, tubes, or channels connecting therewith, provided with an outside jacket or casing around the radiator, forming a heating-chamber partly closed by the base, connected withavalved outlet-openingleading from the chamber into the room.

JAMES A. SKILTON.

'tnesses:

JOHN J. OCoNNoR, EDWARD S. BERRALL.

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