US3923476A - Method of producing coated abrasive particles - Google Patents
Method of producing coated abrasive particles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3923476A US3923476A US433242A US43324274A US3923476A US 3923476 A US3923476 A US 3923476A US 433242 A US433242 A US 433242A US 43324274 A US43324274 A US 43324274A US 3923476 A US3923476 A US 3923476A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- cleaning solution
- protective layer
- coated
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1436—Composite particles, e.g. coated particles
Definitions
- ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Application Priority Data June 5, 1973' South Africa 73/3773
- Resin bond abrasive wheels consist essentially of -a metal hub portion around the periphery of which is provided a grinding portion.
- the grinding portion consists of a plurality of abrasive particles held "or embedded in a resin matrix.
- the abrasive particles arein general either diamond or cubic boron nitride and the resin is generally either:phenolformaldehyde resin or a poly-, imide resin.
- Such resin bond abrasive wheels are used for the wet and dry grinding of steel, carbide or like workpieces.
- the wheel manufacturer does not, in general, coat the abrasive particles, but purchases the metal coated particles from another source for incorporation into wheels. There may well be a significant period, eg many months, from the time the particles are coated to the time the coated particles are incorporated in resin bond wheels. During this period, the exposed surface of the metal coating tends to oxidise and these oxides, it has been found, impair the bond formed between the metal and the resin.
- a method for producing a discrete coated abrasive particle in which the coating comprises an inner metal layer and an outer non-metallic protective layer.
- the protective layer will be substantially inert to normal environmental conditions and will bond readily to the resin matrix of resin bond wheels.
- the protective layer is a solid resin. Suitable resins are phenolformaldehyde, epoxy, polyimide, alkyd, non-saturated polyester and polyamide resins.
- the coated particles can be stored for many months without significant deterioration; such particles also bond better to the resin matrix of wheels.
- the metal of the inner layer will be any metal suitable in the field of metal clad abrasive particles.
- the preferred material is nickel in the case of wet grinding applications and copper in the case of dry grinding applications.
- the metal layer will generally be present in an amount of from 20 to 80 percent by weight of the coated particle.
- the protective layer will generally be present in an amount of from 1 to 3 percent by weight of the coated particle this provides the particle with a thin continuous protective layer.
- a method of producing coated abrasive particles in which the coating comprises an inner metallic layer and an outer non-metallic protective layer which method includes the steps of providing a batch of metal coated particles, depositing the protective layer on the metal coated particles and recovering the particles as discrete particles each having a metal/protective layer coating.
- the metal coated particles are treated prior to the protective layer deposition substantially to remove any metal oxides from the exposed metal surface.
- the deposition should occur as soon after-the treatment as possible so' as to'av'oid, as far as possible, any reoxidation of the metal.
- This treatment will, in general, also remove other impurities such as greases and results in improved bonding between the metal layer and the protective layer.
- the treatment is preferably a washing of the particles with a cleaning solution, preferably an alkaline cleaning solution.
- a cleaning solution preferably an alkaline cleaning solution.
- suitable cleaning solution is a 10 to 30 percent by weight sodium carbonate cleaning solution. It has been found that elevated temperatures improve the cleaning powers of the solutions. Thus, it is preferable that the cleaning solutions are at or about their boiling points for the treatment;
- the nickel coated grit was refluxed for half an hour and then removed and washed with distilled water.
- the particles were dried with analytical reagent acetone and immediately thereafter placed in a solution consisting of 40% phenolformaldehyde dissolved in 60% tetrahydrofurane, percentages being by weight.
- the particles and solution were agitated by stirring and the resin allowed to deposit on the metal coated particles and set.
- the amount of solution was so chosen that the total quantity of resin for the 35 carats of diamond amounted to 0.24 grams. With this amount of resin, the particles each had a thin continuous layer of resin amounting to about 3 percent by weight of the coated particle.
- the particles were recovered as discrete coated particles.
- the coated grit as prepared above was incorporated into resin bond abrasive wheels in the usual manner.
- the wheels were compared with wheels prepared using standard /100 US. mesh nickel coated grit of the prior art. The results of these comparative tests are tabulated below:
- the G-ratio is a measure of the retentive properties of the diamonds in the resin matrix. The higher the G-ratio the greater the retentive properties. It is clear from the above results that treating the 3. nickel coated diamond grit in the manner described in Example 1 provides unexpectedly good results, even in cases where the coated grit is stored for a period of two months.
- EXAMPLE 2 35 carats of 80/100 U.S. mesh nickel coated grit (nickel coating 55 percent by weight of the coated particle) was washed with Imperial Zenith Cleaner in the same'manner as described in Example 1. Immediately after washing the coated grit was placed in a saturated solution of a commercially available polyimide resin in tetrahydrofurane. The mixture was stirred and the resin allowed to deposit on the particles and set. The mixture was filtered and the particles recovered as discrete, nickel/polyimide resin coated particles.
- a method of producing coated abrasive particles for use in the manufacture of a resin-bonded abrasive tool in which the coating comprises an inner metallic layer and an outer solid resin protective layer which method comprises the steps of providing a batch of particles coated with a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and copper present in an amount from to 80% by weight of the coated particle, removing metal oxides from the exposed surfaces of the particles,
- a method according to claim 2, wherein the cleaning solution is an alkaline cleaning solution.
- a method according to claim 2 and removing the cleaning solution from the particles and drying the particles prior to deposition thereon of said protective layer.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
A discrete coated abrasive particle wherein the coating comprises an inner metallic, e.g. nickel, layer and an outer nonmetallic protective layer which is preferably a solid resin such as phenolformaldehyde resin is produced by depositing the protective layer on to metal coated particles and the metal coated particles are preferably washed with a cleaning solution immediately prior to the deposition.
Description
United States Patent Roy et al. 1 1 Dec. 2, 1975 METHOD OF PRODUCING COATED 3,528,788 9/1970 Seal 51/295 ABRASIVE PARTCLES 3,585,013 6/1971 Bruschek 51/295 3,645,706 2/1972 Bovenkerk et al.. 51/295 1 1 Inventors: Alexander Rose y, 16 Cecil 3,650,714 3/1972 Farkas 51/295 Meredale, Johannesburg, Transvaal; 3,650,715 3/1972 Brushek et al.. 51/295 Johannes Daniel Van Schalkwyk, 3,661,544 5/1972 Whitaker 51/295 904 Total Centre, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, Transvaal, both of South Af i Primary ExaminerDonald .1. Arnold Attorney, Agent, or Firm,Young & Thompson [22] Filed: Jan. 14, 1974 [21] Appl. No.: 433,242
[57] ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Application Priority Data June 5, 1973' South Africa 73/3773 A discrete coated abrasive particle wherein the coat- Jan. 22, 1973 South Africa 73/0450 ing comprises an inner metallic, e.g. nickel, layer and an outer non-metailic protective layer which is prefer- [52] US. Cl 51/295; 51/298 ably a solid resin such as phenolformaldehyde resin is 1 324D /0 B24D 3/28 produced by depositing the protective layer on to [58] Field Of Search 51/295, 298 metal coated particles and the metal coated particles are preferably washed with a cleaning solution imme- [56] References Cited diately prior to the deposition.
UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,518,068 6/1970 Gillis 51/295 8 Claims, No Drawings PARTICLES 1 r This invention relates to the coating of abrasive particles.
Resin bond abrasive wheels consist essentially of -a metal hub portion around the periphery of which is provided a grinding portion. The grinding portion consists of a plurality of abrasive particles held "or embedded in a resin matrix. .The abrasive particles arein general either diamond or cubic boron nitride and the resin is generally either:phenolformaldehyde resin or a poly-, imide resin. 1
Such resin bond abrasive wheels are used for the wet and dry grinding of steel, carbide or like workpieces.
It is well known in the art that the retention properties of the abrasive particles in the resin matrix can be significantly improved by coating the particles with a suitable metal, In the case of wet grinding applications, nickel is the preferred metal, whereas in the case of dry grinding copper is the preferred metal.
The wheel manufacturer does not, in general, coat the abrasive particles, but purchases the metal coated particles from another source for incorporation into wheels. There may well be a significant period, eg many months, from the time the particles are coated to the time the coated particles are incorporated in resin bond wheels. During this period, the exposed surface of the metal coating tends to oxidise and these oxides, it has been found, impair the bond formed between the metal and the resin.
According to this invention, there is provided a method for producing a discrete coated abrasive particle in which the coating comprises an inner metal layer and an outer non-metallic protective layer. The protective layer will be substantially inert to normal environmental conditions and will bond readily to the resin matrix of resin bond wheels. Preferably the protective layer is a solid resin. Suitable resins are phenolformaldehyde, epoxy, polyimide, alkyd, non-saturated polyester and polyamide resins.
With this protective layer it has been found the coated particles can be stored for many months without significant deterioration; such particles also bond better to the resin matrix of wheels.
The metal of the inner layer will be any metal suitable in the field of metal clad abrasive particles. As mentioned above, the preferred material is nickel in the case of wet grinding applications and copper in the case of dry grinding applications.
The metal layer will generally be present in an amount of from 20 to 80 percent by weight of the coated particle. The protective layer will generally be present in an amount of from 1 to 3 percent by weight of the coated particle this provides the particle with a thin continuous protective layer.
According to a more particular aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of producing coated abrasive particles in which the coating comprises an inner metallic layer and an outer non-metallic protective layer, which method includes the steps of providing a batch of metal coated particles, depositing the protective layer on the metal coated particles and recovering the particles as discrete particles each having a metal/protective layer coating.
Preferably, the metal coated particles are treated prior to the protective layer deposition substantially to remove any metal oxides from the exposed metal surface. The deposition should occur as soon after-the treatment as possible so' as to'av'oid, as far as possible, any reoxidation of the metal. This treatment will, in general, also remove other impurities such as greases and results in improved bonding between the metal layer and the protective layer.
The treatment is preferably a washing of the particles with a cleaning solution, preferably an alkaline cleaning solution. 'A suitable cleaning solution is a 10 to 30 percent by weight sodium carbonate cleaning solution. It has been found that elevated temperatures improve the cleaning powers of the solutions. Thus, it is preferable that the cleaning solutions are at or about their boiling points for the treatment;
The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1 Na Si 0;,
H O 24.33% NajCO 65.01% Impurities Balance The nickel coated grit was refluxed for half an hour and then removed and washed with distilled water. The particles were dried with analytical reagent acetone and immediately thereafter placed in a solution consisting of 40% phenolformaldehyde dissolved in 60% tetrahydrofurane, percentages being by weight. The particles and solution were agitated by stirring and the resin allowed to deposit on the metal coated particles and set. The amount of solution was so chosen that the total quantity of resin for the 35 carats of diamond amounted to 0.24 grams. With this amount of resin, the particles each had a thin continuous layer of resin amounting to about 3 percent by weight of the coated particle. The particles were recovered as discrete coated particles.
The coated grit as prepared above was incorporated into resin bond abrasive wheels in the usual manner. The wheels were compared with wheels prepared using standard /100 US. mesh nickel coated grit of the prior art. The results of these comparative tests are tabulated below:
As is well known, the G-ratio is a measure of the retentive properties of the diamonds in the resin matrix. The higher the G-ratio the greater the retentive properties. It is clear from the above results that treating the 3. nickel coated diamond grit in the manner described in Example 1 provides unexpectedly good results, even in cases where the coated grit is stored for a period of two months.
EXAMPLE 2 ,35 carats of 80/100 U.S. mesh nickel coated grit (nickel coating 55 percent by weight of the coated particle) was washed with Imperial Zenith Cleaner in the same'manner as described in Example 1. Immediately after washing the coated grit was placed in a saturated solution of a commercially available polyimide resin in tetrahydrofurane. The mixture was stirred and the resin allowed to deposit on the particles and set. The mixture was filtered and the particles recovered as discrete, nickel/polyimide resin coated particles.
We claim:
1. A method of producing coated abrasive particles for use in the manufacture of a resin-bonded abrasive tool in which the coating comprises an inner metallic layer and an outer solid resin protective layer, which method comprises the steps of providing a batch of particles coated with a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and copper present in an amount from to 80% by weight of the coated particle, removing metal oxides from the exposed surfaces of the particles,
immediately thereafter depositing on the particles, before reoxidation of the exposed surfaces thereof occurs, a protective layer of a solid resin selected from 4 the group consisting of phenolformaldehyde, epoxy, polyimide, alkyd, non-saturated polyester and polyamide in an amount from 1 to 3% by weight of the coated particle, and recovering the particles as discrete particles having a metal/protective layer coating.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the removal of metal oxides is effected by washing the metalcoated particles with a cleaning solution.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the cleaning solution is an alkaline cleaning solution.
4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the cleaning solution is a 10 to 30% by weight sodium carbonate solution.
5. A method according to claim 2 wherein the temperature of the cleaning solution is adjacent its boiling point.
6. A method according to claim 2, and removing the cleaning solution from the particles and drying the particles prior to deposition thereon of said protective layer.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said cleaning solution removal and drying are effected by contacting the particles with acetone.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the deposition of the protective layer is effected by immersing the particles in a solution of said resin in tetrahydrofuran.
Claims (8)
1. A METHOD OF PRODUCING COATED ABRASIVE PARTICLES FOR USE IN THE MANFACTURE OF A RESIN-BONDED ABRASIVE TOOL IN WHICH THE COATING COMPRISES AN INNER METALLIC LAYER AND AN OUTER SOLID RESIN PROTECTIVE LAYER, WHICH METHOD COMPRISES THE STEPS OF PROVIDING A BATCH OF PARTICLES COATED WITH A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NICKEL AND COPPER PRESENT IN AN AMOUNT FOR 20 TO 80% BY WEIGHT OF THE COATED PARTICLE, REMOVING METAL OXIDES FROM THE EXPOSED SURFACES OF THE PARTICLES, IMMEDIATELY THEREAFTER DEPOSITIING ON THE PARTICLES, BEFORE REOXIDATION OF THE EXPOSED SURFACE THEREOF OCCURS, A PROTECTIVE LAYER OF A SOLID RESIN SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PHENOLFORMALDEHYDE, EPOXY, POLYIMIDE, ALKYD, NONSATURATED POLYESTER AND POLYAMIDE IN AN AMOUNT FROM 1 TO 3% BY WEIGHT OF THE COATED PARTICLE, AND RECOVERING THE PARTICLES AS DISCRETE PARTICLES HAVING A METAL/PROTECTIVE LAYER COATING.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the removal of metal oxides is effected by washing the metal-coated particles with a cleaning solution.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the cleaning solution is an alkaline cleaning solution.
4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the cleaning solution is a 10 to 30% by weight sodium carbonate solution.
5. A method according to claim 2 wherein the temperature of the cleaning solution is adjacent its boiling point.
6. A method according to claim 2, and removing the cleaning solution from the particles and drying the particles prior to deposition thereon of said protective layer.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said cleaning solution removal and drying are effected by contacting the particles with acetone.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the deposition of the protective layer is effected by immersing the particles in a solution of said resin in tetrahydrofuran.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA730450A ZA73450B (en) | 1973-01-22 | 1973-01-22 | Coating of abrasive particles |
| ZA733773 | 1973-06-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3923476A true US3923476A (en) | 1975-12-02 |
Family
ID=27131069
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US433242A Expired - Lifetime US3923476A (en) | 1973-01-22 | 1974-01-14 | Method of producing coated abrasive particles |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3923476A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS49104289A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1043578A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH578040A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2402561A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2214557B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1441361A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE38757B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL44038A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1005498B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7400714A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4099934A (en) * | 1976-07-29 | 1978-07-11 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing resinoid-bonded grinding tools |
| US4246005A (en) * | 1978-04-01 | 1981-01-20 | Hiroshi Ishizuka | Diamond aggregate abrasive materials for resin-bonded applications |
| US4278448A (en) * | 1977-06-09 | 1981-07-14 | Hiroshi Ishizuka | Diamond abrasive grits |
| US4521222A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-06-04 | General Electric Company | Resin-bonded grinding elements with dual coated diamond grit for dry grinding and wet grinding cemented carbide workpieces |
| US5024680A (en) * | 1988-11-07 | 1991-06-18 | Norton Company | Multiple metal coated superabrasive grit and methods for their manufacture |
| US5306318A (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1994-04-26 | General Electric Company | Process for making coated abrasives for grinding wheels |
| US20090151267A1 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Upadhyay Rachana D | Multifunction abrasive tool with hybrid bond |
| US20100003398A1 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2010-01-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Abrasive powder coatings and methods for inhibiting tin whisker growth |
| CN110640640A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-01-03 | 广东纳德新材料有限公司 | Metal-resin composite bonding agent diamond edge grinding wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2767896B2 (en) * | 1989-06-15 | 1998-06-18 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Hard abrasive |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3518068A (en) * | 1967-12-04 | 1970-06-30 | Gen Electric | Process for manufacturing grinding wheels containing coppercoated grains |
| US3528788A (en) * | 1967-07-03 | 1970-09-15 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Etched metal coated diamond grains in grinding wheels |
| US3585013A (en) * | 1969-03-26 | 1971-06-15 | Du Pont | Polyimide grinding wheels containing diamonds having a barbed metal coating |
| US3645706A (en) * | 1969-12-16 | 1972-02-29 | Gen Electric | Resinoid grinding wheels containing nickel-coated cubic boron nitride particles |
| US3650715A (en) * | 1969-04-04 | 1972-03-21 | Du Pont | Abrasive compositions |
| US3650714A (en) * | 1969-03-04 | 1972-03-21 | Permattach Diamond Tool Corp | A method of coating diamond particles with metal |
| US3661544A (en) * | 1969-11-28 | 1972-05-09 | Bmi Lab Industry | A method for making thermosetting resinous abrasive tools |
-
1974
- 1974-01-14 US US433242A patent/US3923476A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-01-15 IE IE89/74A patent/IE38757B1/en unknown
- 1974-01-16 GB GB207974A patent/GB1441361A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-17 CA CA190,394A patent/CA1043578A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-18 NL NL7400714A patent/NL7400714A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-01-19 DE DE2402561A patent/DE2402561A1/en active Pending
- 1974-01-21 IL IL44038A patent/IL44038A/en unknown
- 1974-01-21 JP JP49009206A patent/JPS49104289A/ja active Pending
- 1974-01-21 CH CH75274A patent/CH578040A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-01-22 FR FR7402104A patent/FR2214557B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-01-22 IT IT41520/74A patent/IT1005498B/en active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3528788A (en) * | 1967-07-03 | 1970-09-15 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Etched metal coated diamond grains in grinding wheels |
| US3518068A (en) * | 1967-12-04 | 1970-06-30 | Gen Electric | Process for manufacturing grinding wheels containing coppercoated grains |
| US3650714A (en) * | 1969-03-04 | 1972-03-21 | Permattach Diamond Tool Corp | A method of coating diamond particles with metal |
| US3585013A (en) * | 1969-03-26 | 1971-06-15 | Du Pont | Polyimide grinding wheels containing diamonds having a barbed metal coating |
| US3650715A (en) * | 1969-04-04 | 1972-03-21 | Du Pont | Abrasive compositions |
| US3661544A (en) * | 1969-11-28 | 1972-05-09 | Bmi Lab Industry | A method for making thermosetting resinous abrasive tools |
| US3645706A (en) * | 1969-12-16 | 1972-02-29 | Gen Electric | Resinoid grinding wheels containing nickel-coated cubic boron nitride particles |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4099934A (en) * | 1976-07-29 | 1978-07-11 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing resinoid-bonded grinding tools |
| US4278448A (en) * | 1977-06-09 | 1981-07-14 | Hiroshi Ishizuka | Diamond abrasive grits |
| US4246005A (en) * | 1978-04-01 | 1981-01-20 | Hiroshi Ishizuka | Diamond aggregate abrasive materials for resin-bonded applications |
| US4521222A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-06-04 | General Electric Company | Resin-bonded grinding elements with dual coated diamond grit for dry grinding and wet grinding cemented carbide workpieces |
| US5024680A (en) * | 1988-11-07 | 1991-06-18 | Norton Company | Multiple metal coated superabrasive grit and methods for their manufacture |
| US5306318A (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1994-04-26 | General Electric Company | Process for making coated abrasives for grinding wheels |
| US20100003398A1 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2010-01-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Abrasive powder coatings and methods for inhibiting tin whisker growth |
| US8329248B2 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2012-12-11 | Honeywell International Inc. | Methods for inhibiting tin whisker growth using abrasive powder coatings |
| US20090151267A1 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Upadhyay Rachana D | Multifunction abrasive tool with hybrid bond |
| CN110640640A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-01-03 | 广东纳德新材料有限公司 | Metal-resin composite bonding agent diamond edge grinding wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110640640B (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2021-06-01 | 广东纳德新材料有限公司 | Metal-resin composite bonding agent diamond edge grinding wheel and manufacturing method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2214557A1 (en) | 1974-08-19 |
| GB1441361A (en) | 1976-06-30 |
| IL44038A (en) | 1977-05-31 |
| CA1043578A (en) | 1978-12-05 |
| IT1005498B (en) | 1976-08-20 |
| DE2402561A1 (en) | 1974-07-25 |
| JPS49104289A (en) | 1974-10-02 |
| FR2214557B1 (en) | 1978-03-10 |
| IE38757L (en) | 1974-07-22 |
| NL7400714A (en) | 1974-07-24 |
| CH578040A5 (en) | 1976-07-30 |
| IL44038A0 (en) | 1974-05-16 |
| IE38757B1 (en) | 1978-05-24 |
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