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US3910341A - Methods of adding reactive metals to form a remelting electrode - Google Patents

Methods of adding reactive metals to form a remelting electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
US3910341A
US3910341A US482062A US48206274A US3910341A US 3910341 A US3910341 A US 3910341A US 482062 A US482062 A US 482062A US 48206274 A US48206274 A US 48206274A US 3910341 A US3910341 A US 3910341A
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United States
Prior art keywords
reactive metal
metal
mold
reactive
remelting
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Expired - Lifetime
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US482062A
Inventor
Robert B Herchenroeder
Howard Joseph Klein
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Cabot Corp
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Cabot Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cabot Corp filed Critical Cabot Corp
Priority to US482062A priority Critical patent/US3910341A/en
Priority to CA229,837A priority patent/CA1058378A/en
Priority to FR7519609A priority patent/FR2276124A1/en
Priority to DE19752527953 priority patent/DE2527953A1/en
Priority to GB26667/75A priority patent/GB1519783A/en
Priority to IT68621/75A priority patent/IT1036360B/en
Priority to SE7507258A priority patent/SE412711B/en
Priority to JP50078584A priority patent/JPS5148723A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3910341A publication Critical patent/US3910341A/en
Priority to US05/636,196 priority patent/USRE29035E/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/20—Measures not previously mentioned for influencing the grain structure or texture; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method for adding reactive metals to a molten metal bath by forming said reactive metal into an elongated member, suspending said member generally lengthwise vertically of a mold and pouring metal to be treated into said mold, to make said formed member an integral part of the molten metal as it rises in the mold and is cooled.
  • This invention relates to methods of adding reactive metals to molten baths and particularly to a method of adding reactive metals to a molten metal ingot or casting such as an electrode for electroslag remelting (ESR), vacuum arc remelting, plasma arc remelting, electron beam remelting or similar remelting techniques.
  • ESR electroslag remelting
  • vacuum arc remelting plasma arc remelting
  • electron beam remelting or similar remelting techniques.
  • the reactive metal in the cast electrode may be desirable to encapsulate the reactive metal in the cast electrode as an integral but distinct core so that it is released during subsequent remelting of the electrode rather than during casting of the electrode as just described.
  • a tube or member e.g. of thick walled construction, such that the member is not distributed into the molten metal but is encapsulated as the metal cools as an elongated core and is then subsequently melted during the remelting operation.
  • an inert gas such as argon.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section through an apparatus for practicing this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a section on the line IIII of FIG. 1.
  • an ESR electrode mold on a stool 11 both of conventional form.
  • a tube 12 filled with LaSi 13 (or other reactive metal or alloy) is suspended by a chain 14 from the bottom of a tundish 15 into which molten metal is poured and delivered through nozzle 16 into mold 10.
  • the mold 10 is purged with inert gas. As the molten metal 17 rises in mold 10, the tube 12 is melted off and the reactive metal is dissolved into the metal.
  • the axial member need not be a tube filled with reactive metal but may be an elongated formed member of the reactive metal in a compatible matrix.
  • the tube 12 may be restricted along its length so as to compartment the reactive metal and prevent its flowing out of the end when the end is melted off as pouring beings. This restriction may be accomplished by pinching, crimping or otherwise constricting or compartmenting the tube at spaced intervals along its length. This restriction will also provide, in effect, successive metered charges of reactive metal as the molten metal to be treated rises in the mold.
  • Inherent in this invention are a number of advantages not available in present methods. These are: (A) the lanthanum or other reactive metal addition is distributed uniformly from top to bottom of the cast electrode, (B) there is no loss of the reactive metal by reaction with refractories such as those found in ladles, furnaces, or tundishes because the molds are not lined with ceramic and solidification at the mold metal interface is almost instantaneous, (C) because slag is not present, with the reactive metal, there is no loss of the addition via slag-addition interaction, (D) reaction of the reactive metal with air is minimal because the addition melts after it is submerged in molten alloy and because the mold represents a near closed system from which air can be purged by argon or other inert gas, (E) because losses due to reactions with air and refractory is minimal the amount of undesirable oxide inclusions in the electrode are minimal, (F) because reactive metal recovery is high, less of it need be added and therefore costs are reduced especially when the more expensive elements
  • yttrium is yttrium or an alloy of yttrium.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

A method is provided for adding reactive metals to a molten metal bath by forming said reactive metal into an elongated member, suspending said member generally lengthwise vertically of a mold and pouring metal to be treated into said mold, to make said formed member an integral part of the molten metal as it rises in the mold and is cooled.

Description

United States Patent [191 Herchenroeder et al.
[4 1 Oct. 7, 1975 METHODS OF ADDING REACTIVE METALS TO FORM A REMELTING ELECTRODE Inventors: Robert B. Herchenroeder; Howard Joseph Klein, both of Kokomo, Ind.
Assignee: Cabot Corporation, Kokomo, 1nd.
Filed: June 24, 1974 Appl. No.: 482,062
U.S. Cl. 164/59; 164/112 Int. Cl. B22D 27/20 Field of Search 164/57, 58, 59,98, 110,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 12/1915 Woods 164/58 4/1916 De Lapotterie 164/59 X 1,703,417 2/1929 Donaldson 164/59 X FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 2,060,309 6/1971 France 164/57 2,085,306 12/1971 France 164/57 Primary Examiner-Francis S. Husar Assistant Examiner-John E. Roethel Attorney, Agent, or FirmBuell, Blenko & Ziesenheim [5 7] ABSTRACT A method is provided for adding reactive metals to a molten metal bath by forming said reactive metal into an elongated member, suspending said member generally lengthwise vertically of a mold and pouring metal to be treated into said mold, to make said formed member an integral part of the molten metal as it rises in the mold and is cooled.
9 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures METHODS OF ADDING REACTIVE METALS TO FORM A REMELTING ELECTRODE This invention relates to methods of adding reactive metals to molten baths and particularly to a method of adding reactive metals to a molten metal ingot or casting such as an electrode for electroslag remelting (ESR), vacuum arc remelting, plasma arc remelting, electron beam remelting or similar remelting techniques.
The problems which are common to present day methods of adding reactive metals to molten baths are well known and long recognized. It is well known that large proportions of added reactive metals are lost in normal practice by contact with refractory linings, with slag and with air. It is also known that there is frequently a marked difference from one ingot to another in a series of ingots cast from melts to which a reactive metal has been added and that this is particularly true from first to last ingot.
We have found a method of adding reactive metals, such as lanthanum, which eliminates these problems.
Preferably, we provide an elongated member containing the reactive metal extending vertically generally from top to bottom of a mold and proportioned to feed the metal uniformly into the mold as the mold is filled with molten metal to be treated. Preferably, we suspend a tube filled with the reactive metal or an alloy thereof axial of the mold so that as the metal rises in the mold, the tube melts off in the molten metal releasing the reactive metal into the molten mass.
In some instances it may be desirable to encapsulate the reactive metal in the cast electrode as an integral but distinct core so that it is released during subsequent remelting of the electrode rather than during casting of the electrode as just described. In such event, we pro vide a tube or member e.g. of thick walled construction, such that the member is not distributed into the molten metal but is encapsulated as the metal cools as an elongated core and is then subsequently melted during the remelting operation. Prior to filling the mold with molten alloy we have found to it be good practice to purge the mold with an inert gas such as argon.
In the foregoing general description, we have outlined certain objects, purposes and advantages of this invention. Other objects, purposes and advantages will be apparent from a consideration of the following description and the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a vertical section through an apparatus for practicing this invention; and
FIG. 2 is a section on the line IIII of FIG. 1.
Referring to the drawings, we have illustrated an ESR electrode mold on a stool 11, both of conventional form. A tube 12 filled with LaSi 13 (or other reactive metal or alloy) is suspended by a chain 14 from the bottom of a tundish 15 into which molten metal is poured and delivered through nozzle 16 into mold 10. The mold 10 is purged with inert gas. As the molten metal 17 rises in mold 10, the tube 12 is melted off and the reactive metal is dissolved into the metal.
It is, of course, obvious that the axial member need not be a tube filled with reactive metal but may be an elongated formed member of the reactive metal in a compatible matrix.
The tube 12 may be restricted along its length so as to compartment the reactive metal and prevent its flowing out of the end when the end is melted off as pouring beings. This restriction may be accomplished by pinching, crimping or otherwise constricting or compartmenting the tube at spaced intervals along its length. This restriction will also provide, in effect, successive metered charges of reactive metal as the molten metal to be treated rises in the mold.
Inherent in this invention are a number of advantages not available in present methods. These are: (A) the lanthanum or other reactive metal addition is distributed uniformly from top to bottom of the cast electrode, (B) there is no loss of the reactive metal by reaction with refractories such as those found in ladles, furnaces, or tundishes because the molds are not lined with ceramic and solidification at the mold metal interface is almost instantaneous, (C) because slag is not present, with the reactive metal, there is no loss of the addition via slag-addition interaction, (D) reaction of the reactive metal with air is minimal because the addition melts after it is submerged in molten alloy and because the mold represents a near closed system from which air can be purged by argon or other inert gas, (E) because losses due to reactions with air and refractory is minimal the amount of undesirable oxide inclusions in the electrode are minimal, (F) because reactive metal recovery is high, less of it need be added and therefore costs are reduced especially when the more expensive elements such as yttrium or lanthanum are added, (G) because less of the reactive metal need be added, less of the alloying agents such as Fe, Ni, Cr, Si, Al, etc. often commonly associated with reactive elements are added to the system resulting in easier control of these elements.
In the foregoing specification, I have described certain preferred practices of our invention, however, it will be understood that this invention may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims.
We claim:
1. The method of forming a remelting electrode containing reactive metals to be subsequently remelted in one of the known remelt techniques comprising the steps of:
a. forming said reactive metal to be added into an elongated member having a length substantially equal to the length of the remelting electrode;
b. suspending said formed reactive metal in a mold having a height equal to the length of the remelting electrode; and
c. pouring the molten metal to be treated around said formed reactive metal in said mold, whereby said reactive metal becomes an integral part of the formed remelting electrode for subsequent remelting.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the formed reactive metal is dissolved into the molten metal to be treated as said molten metal is poured into the mold.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the molten metal is solidified around the formed reactive metal leaving the reactive metal as an integral core.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the formed reactive metal is in the form of a tube filled with an alloy of said reactive metal.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mold is purged with an inert gas prior to filling with molten alloy.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the inert gas is argon.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the re- 9. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reactive metal is lanthanum or an alloy of lanthanum. active metal is formed into an elongated rod in a com- 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the reactive metal patible matrix.
is yttrium or an alloy of yttrium.

Claims (9)

1. THE METHOD OF FORMING A REMELTING ELECTRODE CONTAINING REACTIVE METALS TO BE SUBSQUENTLY REMELTED IN ONE OF THE KNOWN REMELT TECHNIQUES COMPRISING THE STEPS OF, A. FORMING SAID REACTIVE METAL TO BE ADDED INTO AN ELONGATED MEMBER HAVING A LENGTH SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO THE LENGTH OF THE REMELTING ELECTRODE, B. SUSPENDING SAID FORMED REACTIVE METAL IN A MOLD HAVING A HEIGHT EQUAL TO THE LENGTH OF THE REMELTING ELECTRODE, AND C. POURING THE MOLTEN METAL TO BE TREATED AROUND SAID FORMED REACTIVE METAL IN SAID MOLD, WHEREBY SAID REACTIVE METAL BECOMES AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE FORMED REMELTING ELECTRODE FOR SUBSEQUENT REMELTING.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the formed reactive metal is dissolved into the molten metal to be treated as said molten metal is poured into the mold.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the molten metal is solidified around the formed reactive metal leaving the reactive metal as an integral core.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the formed reactive metal is in the form of a tube filled with an alloy of said reactive metal.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mold is purged with an inert gas prior to filling with molten alloy.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the inert gas is argon.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reactive metal is lanthanum or an alloy of lanthanum.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the reactive metal is yttrium or an alloy of yttrium.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reactive metal is formed into an elongated rod in a compatible matrix.
US482062A 1974-06-24 1974-06-24 Methods of adding reactive metals to form a remelting electrode Expired - Lifetime US3910341A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US482062A US3910341A (en) 1974-06-24 1974-06-24 Methods of adding reactive metals to form a remelting electrode
CA229,837A CA1058378A (en) 1974-06-24 1975-06-20 Methods of adding reactive metals
DE19752527953 DE2527953A1 (en) 1974-06-24 1975-06-23 PROCEDURE FOR ADDING REACTIVE METALS TO A CASTING OF MOLTEN METAL
FR7519609A FR2276124A1 (en) 1974-06-24 1975-06-23 REACTIVE METAL ADDITION PROCESS
GB26667/75A GB1519783A (en) 1974-06-24 1975-06-24 Methods of adding selected metals to a molten metal casting
IT68621/75A IT1036360B (en) 1974-06-24 1975-06-24 PROCEDURE FOR ADDING REACTIVE METALS TO A MOLTEN METAL BATH
SE7507258A SE412711B (en) 1974-06-24 1975-06-24 SET TO FORM A REFERENCE ELECTRODE CONTAINING REACTIVE METALS
JP50078584A JPS5148723A (en) 1974-06-24 1975-06-24
US05/636,196 USRE29035E (en) 1974-06-24 1975-11-28 Methods of adding reactive metals to form a remelting electrode

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US482062A US3910341A (en) 1974-06-24 1974-06-24 Methods of adding reactive metals to form a remelting electrode

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US05/636,196 Reissue USRE29035E (en) 1974-06-24 1975-11-28 Methods of adding reactive metals to form a remelting electrode

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US3910341A true US3910341A (en) 1975-10-07

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US (1) US3910341A (en)
JP (1) JPS5148723A (en)
CA (1) CA1058378A (en)
DE (1) DE2527953A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2276124A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1519783A (en)
IT (1) IT1036360B (en)
SE (1) SE412711B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5130535A (en) * 1974-09-09 1976-03-15 Sumitomo Metal Ind Gan y konoseizoho
JPS54141334A (en) * 1978-04-26 1979-11-02 Kawasaki Steel Co Metal addition into molten metal in cast mold

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1166167A (en) * 1912-04-13 1915-12-28 Leonard G Woods Forming castings.
US1180248A (en) * 1914-04-07 1916-04-18 Otto H De Lapotterie Process of producing compound metal bodies.
US1703417A (en) * 1929-02-26 oxi hamilton

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4532100Y1 (en) * 1967-08-09 1970-12-09
BE795689A (en) * 1972-03-06 1973-06-18 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd MANUFACTURE OF METAL ARTICLES

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1703417A (en) * 1929-02-26 oxi hamilton
US1166167A (en) * 1912-04-13 1915-12-28 Leonard G Woods Forming castings.
US1180248A (en) * 1914-04-07 1916-04-18 Otto H De Lapotterie Process of producing compound metal bodies.

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Publication number Publication date
DE2527953A1 (en) 1976-01-15
CA1058378A (en) 1979-07-17
SE412711B (en) 1980-03-17
SE7507258L (en) 1975-12-29
IT1036360B (en) 1979-10-30
FR2276124B1 (en) 1981-09-18
GB1519783A (en) 1978-08-02
FR2276124A1 (en) 1976-01-23
JPS5148723A (en) 1976-04-27

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