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US3900323A - Photographic element comprising an opaque backcoat - Google Patents

Photographic element comprising an opaque backcoat Download PDF

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Publication number
US3900323A
US3900323A US408374A US40837473A US3900323A US 3900323 A US3900323 A US 3900323A US 408374 A US408374 A US 408374A US 40837473 A US40837473 A US 40837473A US 3900323 A US3900323 A US 3900323A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
carbon black
layer
product
heavy metal
silver halide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US408374A
Inventor
William T Macleish
Terry W Milligan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polaroid Corp
Original Assignee
Polaroid Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polaroid Corp filed Critical Polaroid Corp
Priority to US408374A priority Critical patent/US3900323A/en
Priority to JP11097274A priority patent/JPS5510189B2/ja
Priority to FR7434069A priority patent/FR2248537B1/fr
Priority to GB45461/74A priority patent/GB1486784A/en
Priority to DE2450176A priority patent/DE2450176C2/en
Priority to CA211,920A priority patent/CA1075521A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3900323A publication Critical patent/US3900323A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/825—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antireflection means or visible-light filtering means, e.g. antihalation
    • G03C1/8255—Silver or silver compounds therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/825—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antireflection means or visible-light filtering means, e.g. antihalation

Definitions

  • a backing or antihalation layer for a photosensitive element containing carbon black additionally contains a salt of a heavy metal. The heavy metal inhibits fog formation in the silver halide emulsion of the photosensitive element.
  • Photosensitive elements often have light-absorbing layers coated on one side of the silver halide emulsion layer to avoid exposure of an underlying film unit, or as an antihalation layer.
  • the lightabsorbing layers will be referred to as backing layers.
  • These backing layers may be applied directly to one side of the emulsion or on the reverse side of a support which carries the emulsion. Even though a support separates the emulsion from the backing layer, there can still be contact because in a roll of film some portion of the emulsion will contact the backing. With stacked film units, there is usually front-to-back contact.
  • the backing layers may be opaque or only sufficiently light-absorbing as to prevent the above-mentioned exposure of the emulsion layer or underlying film units or, as in the case of antihalation layers, sufficiently light absorptive to avoid undesirable reflections from the film base or from interfaces between the emulsion layer and other layers, which, if not avoided, cause additional diffused exposure of the silver halide emulsions.
  • the above-described light-absorbing qualities of the backing layer may be provided by dyes, pigments or silver.
  • Silver is relatively expensive because of the amount necessary and usually two or three dyes are required in backing layers to provide the desired degree of light absorption.
  • the present invention is directed to a photosensitive element comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer and a backing layer containing carbon black and a salt of a heavy metal.
  • a photosensitive element comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer and a backing layer containing carbon black and a salt of a heavy metal.
  • water-soluble heavy metal salts capable of forming relatively insoluble sulfides disposed in carbon black-containing layers'of film units inhibit fog formation in the silver halide layer to a significant degree.
  • water-soluble salts of silver, copper (cupric), platinum, palladium, zinc, cadmium, lead, iron (ferrous and ferric) and bismuth provide the above-described enhanced stability.
  • the cation is the active species .in the present invention and, therefore, substantially any anion may be employed so long as it will not deleteriously react with other components of the carbon black layer or interfere with the proper photographic employment of the film unit.
  • Suitable anions include, but are not limited to, ni-
  • the salt may be added to the carbon black mix prior to coating the layer or may be formed in situ.
  • sulfur or a sulfur-containing compound is associated with the carbon black that results in the fogging of the silver halide during storage.
  • the fact that the silver halide and the carbon black layer are not necessarily in direct, physical contact for fogging to occur indicates that the vapor phase may be involved. It is believed that the presence of the heavy metal salt reacts with the sulfur or sulfur-containing compound, forming an insoluble sulfide thereby rendering it unavailable for contamination of the silver halide.
  • the concentration of the heavy metal salt varies with the particular salt and with the particular type of carbon black employed. Unexpectedly, appreciable effects have been noted at relatively low levels. La, els ranging from 100 to 10,000 ppm (based on total solids of coating mix) and more have been employed.
  • novel compositions of the present invention were evaluated in the following manner.
  • a water solution of the polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer was prepared to which the carbon black was added as an aqueous dispersion. Enough water was used to provide 14.0 percent total solids.
  • the various salts to be tested were prepared as 1.0 percent solutions in water. In some cases, the mixture contained both dissolved and undissolved material but was treated as if it were all in solution when aliquots are taken.
  • the carbon black mixes containing the salt additives were coated on an unsubbed polyester film base using a 6.0 mil fixed clearance bar. These coatings were then dried for 3 minutes at 194 F. and then conditioned for 24 hours at 75 F. and 45 percent R.H. before testing.
  • Pieces 2 X 3% inches were cut from the test coatings and interleaved in film packs between a photographic emulsion coated on dye back base; i.e., base with only a dye antihalation layer on the back side and an opaque top layer.
  • the test pieces were placed with the test back coat in contact with the emulsion.
  • the test packs were sealed in polyethylene/foil pouches and stored in an oven at 120 F. for 5 days after which they are allowed to equilibrate to room conditions. The packs are then processed as black spreads (unexposed) with fresh processing composition and receiving sheets suitable for silver diffusion transfer processing, and the antihalation layer was removed from the negatives.
  • the negatives are then examined by transmitted light for evidence of chemical fog in the area in contact with the test back coat and also in the surrounding area.
  • Each sample was given a visual rating on a scale of to 10 with 0 indicating no fog and 10 indicating complete fog.
  • a control was designated as having a rating of 5.
  • a photographic element which includes at least one silver halide emulsion layer and which also includes a layer containing carbon black and a water-soluble salt of a heavy metal capable of forming a relatively insoluble sulfide.
  • a product as defined in claim 1 wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, platinum, palladium, zinc, cadmium, lead, iron and bismuth.
  • a product as defined in claim 2 which includes a support carrying said carbon black layer on a first side TABLE 1 RELATIVE CONTAMINATION RATING K of Cation Anion Formula Sul fide 100-" ppm 500 1,000 5,000 10,000
  • the novel compositions are particumetal salt is silver nitrate. larly useful as light-absorbing layers and antihalation 5.
  • the novel compositions are particmetal salt is present at a level of at least 100 ppm based ularly useful as the removable backing layer in the film 40 on the weight of said carbon black layer. units disclosed and claimed in copending application 6.
  • a product as defined in claim 1 wherein said car- Ser. No. 239,582, filed Mar. 20, 1972. bon black layer includes a polymeric binder.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A backing or antihalation layer for a photosensitive element containing carbon black additionally contains a salt of a heavy metal. The heavy metal inhibits fog formation in the silver halide emulsion of the photosensitive element.

Description

finite tates atent [1 1 MacLeish et a1.
[ Aug. 19, 1975 PHOTOGRAPHIC ELEMENT COMPRISING AN OPAQUE BACKCOAT Inventors: William T. MacLeish, North Andover; Terry W. Milligan, Belmont, both of Mass.
Assignee: Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge,
Mass.
Filed: Oct. 23, 1973 Appl, No.: 408,374
US. Cl. 96/84 R; 96/84 M; 96/87 R;
96/110; 252/300 Int. C13. G03C 1/84 Field of Search 96/84 M, 87 A, 84 R References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1922 Seel 96/87 A Primary Examiner-Ronald H. Smith Attorney, Agent, or FirmPhilip G. Kiely 5 7 ABSTRACT A backing or antihalation layer for a photosensitive element containing carbon black additionally contains a salt of a heavy metal. The heavy metal inhibits fog formation in the silver halide emulsion of the photosensitive element.
7 Claims, No Drawings PHOTOGRAPI-IIC ELEMENT COMPRISING AN OPAQUE BACKCOAT BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Photosensitive elements often have light-absorbing layers coated on one side of the silver halide emulsion layer to avoid exposure of an underlying film unit, or as an antihalation layer. For convenience, the lightabsorbing layers will be referred to as backing layers. These backing layers may be applied directly to one side of the emulsion or on the reverse side of a support which carries the emulsion. Even though a support separates the emulsion from the backing layer, there can still be contact because in a roll of film some portion of the emulsion will contact the backing. With stacked film units, there is usually front-to-back contact.
The backing layers may be opaque or only sufficiently light-absorbing as to prevent the above-mentioned exposure of the emulsion layer or underlying film units or, as in the case of antihalation layers, sufficiently light absorptive to avoid undesirable reflections from the film base or from interfaces between the emulsion layer and other layers, which, if not avoided, cause additional diffused exposure of the silver halide emulsions.
The above-described light-absorbing qualities of the backing layer may be provided by dyes, pigments or silver. Silver is relatively expensive because of the amount necessary and usually two or three dyes are required in backing layers to provide the desired degree of light absorption.
One of the most commonly used and effective lightabsorbing materials is carbon black. However, it is well known that the presence of carbon black in a layer of a film unit adversely effects the silver halide emulsion layer. Specifically, an appreciable fog level is noted, as a function of time on stored film units employing carbon black as a component of the backing layer. Fading of the latent image has also been reported as an effect attributable to the carbon black.
A novel backing layer has now been found which is not susceptible to the deficiencies of the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a photosensitive element comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer and a backing layer containing carbon black and a salt of a heavy metal. Preferably, water-soluble salts are employed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It has now been found that water-soluble heavy metal salts capable of forming relatively insoluble sulfides disposed in carbon black-containing layers'of film units inhibit fog formation in the silver halide layer to a significant degree. Specifically, water-soluble salts of silver, copper (cupric), platinum, palladium, zinc, cadmium, lead, iron (ferrous and ferric) and bismuth provide the above-described enhanced stability.
It has been found that the cation is the active species .in the present invention and, therefore, substantially any anion may be employed so long as it will not deleteriously react with other components of the carbon black layer or interfere with the proper photographic employment of the film unit.
Suitable anions include, but are not limited to, ni-
. trate, fluoride, sulfate, perrhenate, bromide, chloride 2 and acetate. The salt may be added to the carbon black mix prior to coating the layer or may be formed in situ.
While not intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that sulfur or a sulfur-containing compound is associated with the carbon black that results in the fogging of the silver halide during storage. The fact that the silver halide and the carbon black layer are not necessarily in direct, physical contact for fogging to occur indicates that the vapor phase may be involved. It is believed that the presence of the heavy metal salt reacts with the sulfur or sulfur-containing compound, forming an insoluble sulfide thereby rendering it unavailable for contamination of the silver halide.
The concentration of the heavy metal salt varies with the particular salt and with the particular type of carbon black employed. Unexpectedly, appreciable effects have been noted at relatively low levels. La, els ranging from 100 to 10,000 ppm (based on total solids of coating mix) and more have been employed.
It is also believed that it may not be necessary that the heavy metal salt be distributed throughout the entire carbon black coating to be effective. Surprisingly, a significant decrease in fog has been noted in silver halide emulsions in areas of the emulsions not in contact with the compositions of the present invention but surrounding it.
The novel compositions of the present invention were evaluated in the following manner.
The following master batch was prepared:
Elvanol -05 25 Elvanol T-25 Carbon black 50 g GAF S630" Voranol RN-485 l. A fully hydrolyzed but water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sold by E. I. DuPont de Nemours, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware.
2. A medium molecular weight, fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol sold by E. I. DuPont de Nemours, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware.
3. A polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer sold by GAF Corp, New York, New York.
4. A polyether polyol sold by the Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan.
A water solution of the polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer was prepared to which the carbon black was added as an aqueous dispersion. Enough water was used to provide 14.0 percent total solids.
The various salts to be tested were prepared as 1.0 percent solutions in water. In some cases, the mixture contained both dissolved and undissolved material but was treated as if it were all in solution when aliquots are taken.
The carbon black mixes containing the salt additives were coated on an unsubbed polyester film base using a 6.0 mil fixed clearance bar. These coatings were then dried for 3 minutes at 194 F. and then conditioned for 24 hours at 75 F. and 45 percent R.H. before testing.
Pieces 2 X 3% inches were cut from the test coatings and interleaved in film packs between a photographic emulsion coated on dye back base; i.e., base with only a dye antihalation layer on the back side and an opaque top layer. The test pieces were placed with the test back coat in contact with the emulsion. The test packs were sealed in polyethylene/foil pouches and stored in an oven at 120 F. for 5 days after which they are allowed to equilibrate to room conditions. The packs are then processed as black spreads (unexposed) with fresh processing composition and receiving sheets suitable for silver diffusion transfer processing, and the antihalation layer was removed from the negatives. The negatives are then examined by transmitted light for evidence of chemical fog in the area in contact with the test back coat and also in the surrounding area. Each sample was given a visual rating on a scale of to 10 with 0 indicating no fog and 10 indicating complete fog. A control was designated as having a rating of 5.
The effects of the heavy metal salts are tabulated below.
4 backing for a receiving layer, mask, dark slide film package and the like.
What is claimed is:
l. A photographic element which includes at least one silver halide emulsion layer and which also includes a layer containing carbon black and a water-soluble salt of a heavy metal capable of forming a relatively insoluble sulfide.
2. A product as defined in claim 1 wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, platinum, palladium, zinc, cadmium, lead, iron and bismuth.
3. A product as defined in claim 2 which includes a support carrying said carbon black layer on a first side TABLE 1 RELATIVE CONTAMINATION RATING K of Cation Anion Formula Sul fide 100-" ppm 500 1,000 5,000 10,000
SILVER Nitrate AgNO 10- 2 2 0 0 0 Fluoride AgF 0 0 Sulfate Ag SO 0 0 Pcrrhenatc AgReO 0 0 COPPER Sulfate CuSO '5H O 6 2 l 0 O Nitrate Chloride PLATINUM Chloride K PtCh 1 0 PALLADIUM Chloride K- PdCh l 0 ZINC Acetate Zn(OAc) '2H O 10- 5 5 5 2 0 CADMIUM Acetate Cd(OAc) -2H O l0 5 5 3 2 2 LEAD Sub-Acetate 10- 4 4 4 3 2 BISMUTH Nitrate Bl No ,-si-: o 10- 2 IRON Chloride FcCl '4H O l0 0 Nitrate Fe(NO '9H O d 0 I listed in the literature as forming an insoluble sulfide, d listed in the literature as forming a sulfide which decomposes in water.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the fog level of and said silver halide emulsion layer on said second the negative was significantly reduced from the control side. level of 5 and, in many instances, totally eliminated. 4. A product as defined in claim I wherein said heavy As stated above, the novel compositions are particumetal salt is silver nitrate. larly useful as light-absorbing layers and antihalation 5. A product as defined in claim 1 wherein said heavy layers. For example, the novel compositions are particmetal salt is present at a level of at least 100 ppm based ularly useful as the removable backing layer in the film 40 on the weight of said carbon black layer. units disclosed and claimed in copending application 6. A product as defined in claim 1 wherein said car- Ser. No. 239,582, filed Mar. 20, 1972. bon black layer includes a polymeric binder.
It should be understood, however, that the novel 7. A product as defined in claim 6 wherein said polycompositions are suitable for use wherever a lightmeric binder includes polyvinyl alcohol. absorbing layer is desired, for example, as an opaque

Claims (7)

1. A PHOTOGRAPHIC ELEMENT WHICH INCLUDES AT LEAST ONE SILVER HALIDE EMULSION LAYER AND WHICH ALSO INCLUDES A LAYER CONTAINING CARBON BLACK AND A WATER-SOLUBLE SALT OF A HEAVY METAL CAPABLE OF FORMING A RELATIVELY INSOLUBLE SULFIDE.
2. A product as defined in claim 1 wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, platinum, palladium, zinc, cadmium, lead, iron and bismuth.
3. A product as defined in claim 2 which includes a support carrying said carbon black layer on a first side and said silver halide emulsion layer on said second side.
4. A product as defined in claim 1 wherein said heavy metal salt is silver nitrate.
5. A product as defined in claim 1 wherein said heavy metal salt is present at a level of at least 100 ppm based on the weight of said carbon black layer.
6. A product as defined in claim 1 wherein said carbon black layer includes a polymeric binder.
7. A product as defined in claim 6 wherein said polymeric binder includes polyvinyl alcohol.
US408374A 1973-10-23 1973-10-23 Photographic element comprising an opaque backcoat Expired - Lifetime US3900323A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US408374A US3900323A (en) 1973-10-23 1973-10-23 Photographic element comprising an opaque backcoat
JP11097274A JPS5510189B2 (en) 1973-10-23 1974-09-26
FR7434069A FR2248537B1 (en) 1973-10-23 1974-10-10
GB45461/74A GB1486784A (en) 1973-10-23 1974-10-21 Photosensitive silver halide elements
DE2450176A DE2450176C2 (en) 1973-10-23 1974-10-22 Photographic recording material
CA211,920A CA1075521A (en) 1973-10-23 1974-10-22 Photographic element with layer containing carbon black and water soluble salt of heavy metal

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US408374A US3900323A (en) 1973-10-23 1973-10-23 Photographic element comprising an opaque backcoat

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US3900323A true US3900323A (en) 1975-08-19

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JP (1) JPS5510189B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1075521A (en)
DE (1) DE2450176C2 (en)
FR (1) FR2248537B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1486784A (en)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4211837A (en) * 1974-09-17 1980-07-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Photographic silver halide element with opaque backing layer
US4247617A (en) * 1979-05-11 1981-01-27 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer film unit transparency
US4444866A (en) * 1980-04-28 1984-04-24 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic light-sensitive material with forced oxidized carbon black
US4480026A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-10-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stable dispersions for use in photographic film having an opaque backing layer
US4622174A (en) * 1984-06-05 1986-11-11 Barnes Engineering Company Transparent protective laser shield
US4663084A (en) * 1983-11-01 1987-05-05 Tdk Corporation Electroconductive compositions
US4794070A (en) * 1987-06-09 1988-12-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Automatically processible photographic element comprising a non-silver halide layer containing bromide
WO1989012847A1 (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-12-28 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic material protected against hydrogen cyanide gas
US5030543A (en) * 1986-10-17 1991-07-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Light-sensitive material containing silver halide, reducing agent and polymerizable compound
EP0777154A1 (en) 1992-07-15 1997-06-04 Polaroid Corporation Diffusion transfer integral film unit
US6197485B1 (en) * 1992-11-12 2001-03-06 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Photographic assemblage comprising a silver halide photographic element sealed in a closed vessel
US20080057233A1 (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-06 Harrison Daniel J Conductive thermal transfer ribbon
US7829162B2 (en) 2006-08-29 2010-11-09 international imagining materials, inc Thermal transfer ribbon
US20110091717A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2011-04-21 Weiss Douglas E Method for in situ formation of metal nanoclusters within a porous substrate field

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1434453A (en) * 1922-11-07 op rochester
US2386627A (en) * 1943-11-30 1945-10-09 Eastman Kodak Co Antistatic film
US2791504A (en) * 1951-08-20 1957-05-07 Du Pont Photopolymerizable elements
US3060025A (en) * 1959-11-03 1962-10-23 Du Pont Photopolymerization process of image reproduction
US3269252A (en) * 1961-05-08 1966-08-30 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Photographic material
US3511660A (en) * 1965-10-19 1970-05-12 Eastman Kodak Co Antihalation backing for photographic silver halide recording elements
US3758376A (en) * 1970-06-29 1973-09-11 Schoeller Tech Papers Opaque papers and photographic papers prepared therefrom
US3793029A (en) * 1971-10-26 1974-02-19 Eastman Kodak Co Opaque photographic film support
US3832218A (en) * 1971-07-27 1974-08-27 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Light-intercepting paper for photographic film

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE677380C (en) * 1937-03-17 1939-06-24 I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges Antihalation and filter layers

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1434453A (en) * 1922-11-07 op rochester
US2386627A (en) * 1943-11-30 1945-10-09 Eastman Kodak Co Antistatic film
US2791504A (en) * 1951-08-20 1957-05-07 Du Pont Photopolymerizable elements
US3060025A (en) * 1959-11-03 1962-10-23 Du Pont Photopolymerization process of image reproduction
US3269252A (en) * 1961-05-08 1966-08-30 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Photographic material
US3511660A (en) * 1965-10-19 1970-05-12 Eastman Kodak Co Antihalation backing for photographic silver halide recording elements
US3758376A (en) * 1970-06-29 1973-09-11 Schoeller Tech Papers Opaque papers and photographic papers prepared therefrom
US3832218A (en) * 1971-07-27 1974-08-27 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Light-intercepting paper for photographic film
US3793029A (en) * 1971-10-26 1974-02-19 Eastman Kodak Co Opaque photographic film support

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4211837A (en) * 1974-09-17 1980-07-08 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Photographic silver halide element with opaque backing layer
US4247617A (en) * 1979-05-11 1981-01-27 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer film unit transparency
US4444866A (en) * 1980-04-28 1984-04-24 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic light-sensitive material with forced oxidized carbon black
US4480026A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-10-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stable dispersions for use in photographic film having an opaque backing layer
US4663084A (en) * 1983-11-01 1987-05-05 Tdk Corporation Electroconductive compositions
US4622174A (en) * 1984-06-05 1986-11-11 Barnes Engineering Company Transparent protective laser shield
US5030543A (en) * 1986-10-17 1991-07-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Light-sensitive material containing silver halide, reducing agent and polymerizable compound
US4794070A (en) * 1987-06-09 1988-12-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Automatically processible photographic element comprising a non-silver halide layer containing bromide
US4892808A (en) * 1988-06-20 1990-01-09 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic material protected against hydrogen cyanide gas
WO1989012847A1 (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-12-28 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic material protected against hydrogen cyanide gas
JPH03505263A (en) * 1988-06-20 1991-11-14 イーストマン コダック カンパニー photo elements
EP0777154A1 (en) 1992-07-15 1997-06-04 Polaroid Corporation Diffusion transfer integral film unit
US6197485B1 (en) * 1992-11-12 2001-03-06 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Photographic assemblage comprising a silver halide photographic element sealed in a closed vessel
US20080057233A1 (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-06 Harrison Daniel J Conductive thermal transfer ribbon
US7829162B2 (en) 2006-08-29 2010-11-09 international imagining materials, inc Thermal transfer ribbon
US20110091717A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2011-04-21 Weiss Douglas E Method for in situ formation of metal nanoclusters within a porous substrate field

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1486784A (en) 1977-09-21
JPS5510189B2 (en) 1980-03-14
FR2248537A1 (en) 1975-05-16
FR2248537B1 (en) 1981-05-08
CA1075521A (en) 1980-04-15
JPS5068520A (en) 1975-06-07
DE2450176A1 (en) 1975-04-24
DE2450176C2 (en) 1986-05-22

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