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US3849589A - Current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus having low temperature cooled conductors - Google Patents

Current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus having low temperature cooled conductors Download PDF

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US3849589A
US3849589A US00421693A US42169373A US3849589A US 3849589 A US3849589 A US 3849589A US 00421693 A US00421693 A US 00421693A US 42169373 A US42169373 A US 42169373A US 3849589 A US3849589 A US 3849589A
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feeding arrangement
current feeding
electrical apparatus
flow channels
gas
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US00421693A
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F Schmidt
G Matthaus
P Massek
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/34—Cable fittings for cryogenic cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
    • H01B12/16—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
    • H01F6/065—Feed-through bushings, terminals and joints
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/68—Connections to or between superconductive connectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/884—Conductor
    • Y10S505/885—Cooling, or feeding, circulating, or distributing fluid; in superconductive apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with a current feeding arrangement for electricl apparatus having conductors cooled to a low temperature, more particularly it is concerned with a current feeding arrangement for superconductors, the end of the superconductors being connected to a standard conductor, cooled by a gaseous cooling meium.
  • the end of the superconductor, held below its transition temperature, can, for example, be arranged in a bath of a cryogenic medium, such as, a helium bath.
  • a cryogenic medium such as, a helium bath.
  • the standard conductor is then comprised of laminations or grids at the connection point.
  • Such a design is shown in Review of Scientific lnstruments,"vol. 38, No. 12 (Dec. 1967), p. 1776 to 1779. Due to the thermal losses at the junction, the liquid helium evaporates and the helium gas rises through the conductor laminations, wires or the conductor grid and removes the joulean heat and the heat flowing in from the outside. In the process, the helium gas is warmed up to approximately room temperature.
  • the helium gas is collected and returned to a refrigeration machine for liquification. Because the heat content of the gaseous cooling medium is well utilized in such current feeds, they require only a relatively small cooling effort.
  • This invention is based on the discovery that the dielectric strength of the cooling gas can be increased substantially if the number of the charge carriers in the gas are reduced by an appropriate design of the gas circulation between the standard conductor and the refrigeration equipment. According to the invention, this problem is solved by dividing the gas stream of the evaporated cooling medium into individual streams, each of which passes through a flow channel bounded by at least two walls of electrical insulating material, whose displacment is not more than 30mm, with the preferred range of less than 3 mm and up to 10 mm.
  • the density of charge-carriers formed decreases steeply in a radial direction outward from the center toward the wall, with a maximum amount occuring at the center.
  • the effect on the gas of using electrical insulation material in the wall is to destroy the charge carriers.
  • This wall effect is used in this invention to increase the dielectric strength of the gaseous medium.
  • the gas stream therefore is subdivided into many individual flow channels, which can preferably be made like capillaries, the diameter of which theoretically should not substantially exceed the mean free path of the charge carriers, which for gaseous helium, is about 10' cm.
  • This wall effect is also reached with a larger wall spacing, not substantially exceeding 30mm, especially if means are provided to generate turbulent flow in the flow channels and thereby cause a large number of the charge carriers in the gas to strike the wall as the gas flows through the channel and thereby give off their charge.
  • the partial gas stream entering the flow channel can be given a rotary flow motion. Without such means, a substantial reduction in the number of charge carriers is obtained if the gas flows through tubular channels having a diameter substantially equal to 0.3 mm.
  • Such indivudual channels for the partial streams can be produced by using a woven grid in the tubular conduit for the gas, or by using a fiber-like insert in the form of a wick in the conduits.
  • the capillary flow channels can also be formed from pores in an electrical insulating, gas-permeable material.
  • Another alternative is to fill the flow channels with a powdered, electrical insulating material, the grain size of which is chosen to obtain the required,
  • capillary-like flow channels A still further alternative is to design the flow channels from molecular sieves.
  • the end of the superconductor 2 is connnected to a standard conductor by member 4 and a cooling medium bath 6, containing helium in container 8 which also encloses a laminated end 10 of a standard conductor 12, the terminal of which is 14.
  • the gas flow is distributed over individual gas lines 18 between two pipe lines 16 and 20.
  • a refrigeration machine Connected to pipe line 20 is a refrigeration machine which is connected by pipe line 24 to container 26, from which the liquid cooling medium 28 can be fed to the bath 6 by a feed pipe 30, a pump 32 and feed line 34.
  • the junction 4 between the laminations 10 of the standard high-voltage conductor 12 and the superconductor 2 is located in the boiling helium of bath 6. Because of the joulean heat of the current-carrying laminations l and the heat inflow from the standard conductor 12 through the laminations, part of the helium evaporates. The gas cools laminations by rising upward between them into the upper part of the container 8 and acts as a gas cushion. From there it is fed through the pipe line 16 to the tubular conduits 18, formed of electrical insulating material which are preferably subdivided for the gas flow into individual capillaries formed from a powdered filling, particularly glass powder or glass wool.
  • the cooling medium can therefore be fed by pipeline 20 to refrigerator 22, where it is reliquified and fed through pipeline 24 to the supply tank 26.
  • Another particularly advantageous embodiment of the current feeding arrangement of the present invention consists in providing filters 17 and 19 at the upper and the lower terminals of the fillings for the pipes 18. These filters can be made from glass frit, the openings of which are preferably smaller than the grain size of the insulating powder in the pipes 18.
  • Material to fabricate the capillaries in the tube condiuts 18 can be insulating powder of quartz, ceramic material or plastic.
  • Well suited is glass powder having a grain diameter of approximately 50 to 150 pm.
  • the wall effect can advantageously be increased by either introducing a turbulent flow gas stream into the individual tubes 18 or providing additional means inside the tubes 18.
  • Such means can be a helix, which during the flow of the gas in the tube, permits as large a part as possible of the gas coming into contact with the wall.
  • a current feeding arrangement is described cooled by liquid or gaseous helium, but it should be realized that other boiling gases are also suitable.
  • hydrogen can also be considered, and for conductors cooled down to low temperatures, nitrogen or neon can also be used.
  • a current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus having conductors, cooled to a low temperature, connected to a standard conductor by a connecting means, in which the connecting means is contained in a container and is cooled by a gasified liquid coolant, v
  • the improvement comprising connecting the end of the container located at the end of the connecting means disposed away from the conductor cooled to a low temperature, to a plurality of flow channels each having at least two walls covered by an electrical insulating material, and separated by a displacement of not more than 30 mm.
  • a current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising means for generating a rotary flow of the gas through the flow channels to increase the frequency of contact between charge carriers and the insulating material.
  • a current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 1 in which the displacement of said walls in not substantially greater than 0.3 mm.
  • a current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from a woven grid.
  • a current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from the fibers of a wick of electrical insulating material.
  • a current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from the pores of an electrical insulating, gas permeable material.
  • a current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from grains of an electrical insulating powder.
  • said coolant comprises helium

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Gas Or Oil Filled Cable Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

This invention is concerned with a current feeding arrangement for a superconductor having a cooled standard conductor connected to it. The invention is comprised of subdividing the gas stream of the cooling medium into individual streams which each flow through a flow channel having small wall spacing. The current feeding arrangement has the advantage that at the walls of the individual flow channels a substantially lower density of charge carriers is obtained, and thus a corresponding increase in the dielectric strength of the gaseous cooling medium.

Description

United States Patent [191 Schmidt et al.
[ 1 Nov. 19, 1974 Matthiius, Spardorf; Peter Massek, Forchheim, all of Germany Assignee: Siemens A ktiengeseiischait,
Munich, Germany Filed: Dec. 4, 1973 Appl. No.: 421,693
Related US. Application Data Continuation of Ser. No. 314,565, Dec. l3, I972, abandonedv Foreign Application Priority Data Dec. 20, 197i Germany 2163270 US. Cl. 174/21 R, 174/15 R, 174/15 C,
l74/D1G. 6 Int. Cl I-Ilv 11/00 Field of Search. l74/l R, 15 C, 16 R, 15 81-1,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,371,145 2/1968 Camille l74/l5 R 3,522,361 7/1970 Kafl a 3,688,838 9/1972 Sturm et al. l65/l05 Primary ExaminerA. T. Grimley Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kenyon & Kenyon Reilly Carr & Chapin [5 7 ABSTRACT This invention is concerned with a current feeding arrangement for a superconductor having a cooled standard conductor connected to it. The invention is comprised of subdividing the gas stream of the cooling medium into individual streams which each flow through a flow channel having small wall spacing. The current feeding arrangement has the advantage that at the walls of the individual flow channels a substantially lower density of charge carriers is obtained, and thus a corresponding increase in the dielectric strength of the gaseous cooling medium.
10 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure STANDARD CONDUCTOR --TUBULAR cououn 19 22 REFRIGERATOR l T 3 PUMP also M E 5 COOLING MEDIUM SUPER CONDUCTOR PATENTEL NOV 1 9|974 STANDARD CONDUCTOR ---TUBULAR CONDUIT COOLING MEDIUM SUPER CONDUCTOR CURRENT FEEDING ARRANGEMENT FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS HAVING LOW TEMPERATURE COOLED CONDUCTORS This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 314,565 filed Dec. 13, 1972, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention is concerned with a current feeding arrangement for electricl apparatus having conductors cooled to a low temperature, more particularly it is concerned with a current feeding arrangement for superconductors, the end of the superconductors being connected to a standard conductor, cooled by a gaseous cooling meium.
2. Description of the Prior Art In electrical apparatus having superconductors, for example, in cables, coils or machines, electric current must frequently be fed from a point at a higher temperature, particularly room temperature, to the superconductor, which is cooled to a temperature below its transition temperature. Because the superconductor loses its superconductivity at a temperature far below room temperature, an electrically normal conductive metal, like aluminum or copper, is used to bridge the temperature difference, and is connected with the superconductor at a point maintained at a temperature below the transition temperature of the superconductors. The standard conductor is therefore gradually cooled, in stages, up to the connection point.
The end of the superconductor, held below its transition temperature, can, for example, be arranged in a bath of a cryogenic medium, such as, a helium bath. The standard conductor is then comprised of laminations or grids at the connection point. Such a design is shown in Review of Scientific lnstruments,"vol. 38, No. 12 (Dec. 1967), p. 1776 to 1779. Due to the thermal losses at the junction, the liquid helium evaporates and the helium gas rises through the conductor laminations, wires or the conductor grid and removes the joulean heat and the heat flowing in from the outside. In the process, the helium gas is warmed up to approximately room temperature. At the upper junction of the standard conductor with the current supply, the helium gas is collected and returned to a refrigeration machine for liquification. Because the heat content of the gaseous cooling medium is well utilized in such current feeds, they require only a relatively small cooling effort.
If, however, high transmission rates are to be obtained, at which superconducting cables become economical, one is compelled to use correspondingly high voltages of 220 kV and higher. This type of current feed utilizes contact at one end with the highly cooled conductor, while the other end to which the conventional current supply is connected, is at a higher temperature, preferably room temperature. The cooling medium therefore flows along the indvidual conductors of the current feed and is in close contact with the high voltage conductor. The refrigeration machine for cooling medium, however, is generally at ground potential. To conduct the gas of the cooling medium away from the high-voltage potential by an insulating tube is not directly possible because helium at about 300K has a very low breakdown voltage.
It is an object of the invention therefore to design an exhaust, gas-cooled, current feeding arrangement in such a way that it can be operated economically at high voltage and with a transfer of the cooling gas to the refrigeration equipment.
In the known arrangement an electric field is formed, in the exhaust gas line, between the upper junction of the standard conductor with the current supply and the refrigeration equipment. This field forms free charge carriers, the number of which is essentially determined by the potential gradient and the length of the gas line. A high voltage-resistant current feed therefore requires a correspondingly long gas line. In a long gas line, however, a large number of charge carriers are generated because of the well-known avalanche effect. This in turn causes a corresponding reduction in the dielectric strength of the gas. It is therefore not possible to bridge a large potential difference by a corresponding lengthening of the gas line alone.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention is based on the discovery that the dielectric strength of the cooling gas can be increased substantially if the number of the charge carriers in the gas are reduced by an appropriate design of the gas circulation between the standard conductor and the refrigeration equipment. According to the invention, this problem is solved by dividing the gas stream of the evaporated cooling medium into individual streams, each of which passes through a flow channel bounded by at least two walls of electrical insulating material, whose displacment is not more than 30mm, with the preferred range of less than 3 mm and up to 10 mm.
In a tube the density of charge-carriers formed decreases steeply in a radial direction outward from the center toward the wall, with a maximum amount occuring at the center. The effect on the gas of using electrical insulation material in the wall is to destroy the charge carriers. This wall effect is used in this invention to increase the dielectric strength of the gaseous medium. According to the invention, the gas stream therefore is subdivided into many individual flow channels, which can preferably be made like capillaries, the diameter of which theoretically should not substantially exceed the mean free path of the charge carriers, which for gaseous helium, is about 10' cm. This wall effect, however, is also reached with a larger wall spacing, not substantially exceeding 30mm, especially if means are provided to generate turbulent flow in the flow channels and thereby cause a large number of the charge carriers in the gas to strike the wall as the gas flows through the channel and thereby give off their charge. The partial gas stream entering the flow channel can be given a rotary flow motion. Without such means, a substantial reduction in the number of charge carriers is obtained if the gas flows through tubular channels having a diameter substantially equal to 0.3 mm. Such indivudual channels for the partial streams can be produced by using a woven grid in the tubular conduit for the gas, or by using a fiber-like insert in the form of a wick in the conduits. The gas then flows along the individual fibers and the wall effect is obtained. Alternatively the capillary flow channels can also be formed from pores in an electrical insulating, gas-permeable material. Another alternative is to fill the flow channels with a powdered, electrical insulating material, the grain size of which is chosen to obtain the required,
capillary-like flow channels. A still further alternative is to design the flow channels from molecular sieves.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING To explain the invention in further detail, reference is made to the drawing, which illustrates schematically an emobodiment of a current feed arrangement construced according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In the FIGURE, the end of the superconductor 2 is connnected to a standard conductor by member 4 and a cooling medium bath 6, containing helium in container 8 which also encloses a laminated end 10 of a standard conductor 12, the terminal of which is 14. In accordance with the invention, the gas flow is distributed over individual gas lines 18 between two pipe lines 16 and 20. Connected to pipe line 20 is a refrigeration machine which is connected by pipe line 24 to container 26, from which the liquid cooling medium 28 can be fed to the bath 6 by a feed pipe 30, a pump 32 and feed line 34.
The junction 4 between the laminations 10 of the standard high-voltage conductor 12 and the superconductor 2 is located in the boiling helium of bath 6. Because of the joulean heat of the current-carrying laminations l and the heat inflow from the standard conductor 12 through the laminations, part of the helium evaporates. The gas cools laminations by rising upward between them into the upper part of the container 8 and acts as a gas cushion. From there it is fed through the pipe line 16 to the tubular conduits 18, formed of electrical insulating material which are preferably subdivided for the gas flow into individual capillaries formed from a powdered filling, particularly glass powder or glass wool. On the way through these capillaries, many of the charge carriers generated by the electric field are anihilated by the wall effect thereby increasing the dielectric strength of the cooling gas to such and extent that voltage breakdown in the gaseous cooling medium is prevented. The cooling medium can therefore be fed by pipeline 20 to refrigerator 22, where it is reliquified and fed through pipeline 24 to the supply tank 26.
Another particularly advantageous embodiment of the current feeding arrangement of the present invention consists in providing filters 17 and 19 at the upper and the lower terminals of the fillings for the pipes 18. These filters can be made from glass frit, the openings of which are preferably smaller than the grain size of the insulating powder in the pipes 18.
Material to fabricate the capillaries in the tube condiuts 18 can be insulating powder of quartz, ceramic material or plastic. Well suited is glass powder having a grain diameter of approximately 50 to 150 pm.
By using a diameter in tubes 18 smaller than 10 mm, and more particularly, smaller than 3 mm, with additional special devices, one can obtain a good wall effect within the gas stream. For larger tube diameters or a larger distance between the walls of fiat tubular condiuts, the wall effect can advantageously be increased by either introducing a turbulent flow gas stream into the individual tubes 18 or providing additional means inside the tubes 18. Such means can be a helix, which during the flow of the gas in the tube, permits as large a part as possible of the gas coming into contact with the wall.
In the example of the embodiment a current feeding arrangement is described cooled by liquid or gaseous helium, but it should be realized that other boiling gases are also suitable. For a superconductor, hydrogen can also be considered, and for conductors cooled down to low temperatures, nitrogen or neon can also be used.
In the foregoing, the invention has been described in reference to specific exemplary embodiments. It will be evident, however, that variations and modifications, as well as the substitution of equivalent constructions and arrangement for those shown for illustration, may be made without departing from the broader scope and spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The specification and drawing are accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative rather than in a restrictive sense.
What is claimed is:
1. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus having conductors, cooled to a low temperature, connected to a standard conductor by a connecting means, in which the connecting means is contained in a container and is cooled by a gasified liquid coolant, v
the improvement comprising connecting the end of the container located at the end of the connecting means disposed away from the conductor cooled to a low temperature, to a plurality of flow channels each having at least two walls covered by an electrical insulating material, and separated by a displacement of not more than 30 mm.
2. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 1 in which the displacement of said walls is not substantially greater than 3 mm.
3. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising means for generating a rotary flow of the gas through the flow channels to increase the frequency of contact between charge carriers and the insulating material.
4. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 1 in which the displacement of said walls in not substantially greater than 0.3 mm.
5. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from a woven grid.
6. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from the fibers of a wick of electrical insulating material.
7. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from the pores of an electrical insulating, gas permeable material.
8. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from grains of an electrical insulating powder.
which said coolant comprises helium.
UNITED STATES FATE OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF c-RREcTmN Patent No- 3,849 ,589 Dated November 19, 1974.
lnv n fl Exit; Schmidt, Qt'inther Matthius, Peter Massek It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
In column 1, line 11, change "electricl" to -electrical-- In column 1, line 16, change "meium" to--medium- In column 2, line 32, change "displacment" to displacement- In column gz line 58, change "indivudual" to -individual- In column 3, line 7, change "emobodiment" to -embodiment In colunm 3, line 8, change "construced" to constructed- In column3, line 40, change "and" to -an- In column 3, lines 53 and 61, change "condiuts" to --conduits- In column 4, line 43, change ".in" to --is- Signed and sealed this 11th day of March 1975 (SEAL) Attest:
C MARSHALL DANN RUTH C. MASON Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer and Trademarks UNITED STATES PATENT @EFHCE C RTFIQATE on con Patent No- 3, 849 589 Dated November 19 1.974
Inv h fl Fritz Schmidt, Gunther B hsrmflfius,Z Peter Massek It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
In column 1, line 11, change "electricl" to -electrical- In column 1, line 16, change "meium" to--medium- In column 2, line 32, change "displacment" to -displacement In colunuii i, line 58, change "indivudual" to --individual-- I In column 3, line 7, change "emobodiment" to --embodiment-- In column 3, line 8, change "construced" to constructed-- In column 3, line 40, change "and" to --an-- In colunm 3, lines 53 and 61, change "condiuts" to --conduits In column 4, line 43, change "in" to -is-- Signed and sealed this 11th day of March 1975.
(SEAL) Attest:
' C. MARSHALL DANN RUTH C. MASON Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer and Trademarks

Claims (10)

1. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus having conductors, cooled to a low temperature, connected to a standard conductor by a connecting means, in which the connecting means is contained in a container and is cooled by a gasified liquid coolant, the improvement comprising connecting the end of the container located at the end of the connecting means disposed away from the conductor cooled to a low temperature, to a plurality of flow channels each having at least two walls covered by an electrical insulating material, and separated by a displacement of not more than 30 mm.
2. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 1 in which the displacement of said walls is not substantially greater than 3 mm.
3. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising means for generating a rotary flow of the gas through the flow channels to increase the frequency of contact between charge carriers and the insulating material.
4. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 1 in which the displacement of said walls in not substantially greater than 0.3 mm.
5. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from a woven grid.
6. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from the fibers of a wick of electrical insulating material.
7. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from the pores of an electrical insulating, gas permeable material.
8. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from grains of an electrical insulating powder.
9. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 4 in which the flow channels are formed from a molecular sieve.
10. A current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus as in claim 1 in which said conductor cooled to a low temperature comprises a superconductor, and in which said coolant comprises helium.
US00421693A 1971-12-20 1973-12-04 Current feeding arrangement for electrical apparatus having low temperature cooled conductors Expired - Lifetime US3849589A (en)

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US31456572A 1972-12-13 1972-12-13
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JP (1) JPS4869081A (en)
CA (1) CA993527A (en)
CH (1) CH548656A (en)
DE (1) DE2163270C2 (en)
FR (1) FR2169822B1 (en)
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3902000A (en) * 1974-11-12 1975-08-26 Us Energy Termination for superconducting power transmission systems
US3917897A (en) * 1973-10-25 1975-11-04 Linde Ag Low temperature cable system and method for cooling same
US3946141A (en) * 1973-10-24 1976-03-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cooling apparatus for an electric cable
US3950606A (en) * 1973-10-24 1976-04-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for cooling a superconducting cable
US3959576A (en) * 1974-03-01 1976-05-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for supplying power to electrical devices having conductors cooled to a low temperature
US4038492A (en) * 1975-04-09 1977-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current feeding device for electrical apparatus with conductors cooled to a low temperature
US4447670A (en) * 1982-04-09 1984-05-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp. High-current cryogenic leads
EP0482840A1 (en) * 1990-10-20 1992-04-29 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Hybrid vapor cooled power lead for cryostat
US5563369A (en) * 1990-06-22 1996-10-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Current lead
CN113479841A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-10-08 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 Preparation method of silicon-based micro-channel substrate

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US5003787A (en) * 1990-01-18 1991-04-02 Savant Instruments Cell preservation system
DE102020205184A1 (en) 2020-04-23 2021-10-28 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Power supply and process for their manufacture

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3946141A (en) * 1973-10-24 1976-03-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cooling apparatus for an electric cable
US3950606A (en) * 1973-10-24 1976-04-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and method for cooling a superconducting cable
US3917897A (en) * 1973-10-25 1975-11-04 Linde Ag Low temperature cable system and method for cooling same
US3959576A (en) * 1974-03-01 1976-05-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for supplying power to electrical devices having conductors cooled to a low temperature
US3902000A (en) * 1974-11-12 1975-08-26 Us Energy Termination for superconducting power transmission systems
US4038492A (en) * 1975-04-09 1977-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current feeding device for electrical apparatus with conductors cooled to a low temperature
US4447670A (en) * 1982-04-09 1984-05-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp. High-current cryogenic leads
US5563369A (en) * 1990-06-22 1996-10-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Current lead
EP0482840A1 (en) * 1990-10-20 1992-04-29 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Hybrid vapor cooled power lead for cryostat
CN113479841A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-10-08 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 Preparation method of silicon-based micro-channel substrate
CN113479841B (en) * 2021-05-24 2024-05-28 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 Silicon-based micro-channel substrate preparation method

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IT971603B (en) 1974-05-10
DE2163270C2 (en) 1974-01-10
DE2163270B1 (en) 1973-06-07
SE380678B (en) 1975-11-10
FR2169822B1 (en) 1976-06-04
GB1388508A (en) 1975-03-26
CH548656A (en) 1974-04-30
JPS4869081A (en) 1973-09-20
FR2169822A1 (en) 1973-09-14
CA993527A (en) 1976-07-20
NL7216113A (en) 1973-06-22

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