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US3847081A - Ammunition - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3847081A
US3847081A US00316955A US31695572A US3847081A US 3847081 A US3847081 A US 3847081A US 00316955 A US00316955 A US 00316955A US 31695572 A US31695572 A US 31695572A US 3847081 A US3847081 A US 3847081A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
high temperature
temperature resistant
nitramine
charge
polymeric binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00316955A
Inventor
J Quinlan
A Darrah
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Department of Army
Original Assignee
US Department of Army
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Department of Army filed Critical US Department of Army
Priority to US00316955A priority Critical patent/US3847081A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3847081A publication Critical patent/US3847081A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/18—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases
    • F42B5/184—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases telescopic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S102/00—Ammunition and explosives
    • Y10S102/70—Combustilbe cartridge

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ammunition and more particularly to a caseless cartridge.
  • One of the objects of the invention is to provide a caseless cartridge of ammunition in which the chance of accidental ignition is substantially minimized.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such an ammunition round having a maximum of environmental protection.
  • the preferred round of ammunition to which the invention is directed has a projectile l0 telescopingly received within a forward central passage 11 in a first cylindrically shaped nitro ester molded propellant charge 12.
  • the molded charge has a relatively larger rearward central passage 13 that seats a booster seal 14, a primer cup 15 containing booster mix 16 and primer mix 17, and a primer seal 18.
  • the internal surface defining the rearward recess 13 in molded charge 12 is coated with a combustible adhesive during assembly for securing seals 14, 18 and primer cup 15.
  • the adhesive which contains approximately 91 percent by volume of collodium and 9 percent acetone, is also applied to the forward and rearward surfaces of the primer cup for assembled securement to the seals l4, 18.
  • the external or lateral surface of charge 12 is also coated with the adhesive when it is assembled within the surrounding second cylindrical high temperature resistant molded propellant charge 20 which has substantially the same length as charge 12.
  • the adhesive is also applied to the forward and rearward end surfaces of both cylindrical charges 12, 20 and to the rearward surface of primer seal 18 so that both the forward or upper seal 21 and the rearward or lower seal 22 can be securely assembled across the corresponding forward and rearward ends of the concentrically assembled charges 12, 20.
  • the nitro ester molded charge 12 is a single base composition and comprises the following constituents by weight:
  • charge 12 can be made of other compositions including double base compositions.
  • the primer cup 15, as well as booster and primer seals 14, 18 are also made of a single base nitro ester as in the above composition for charge 12.
  • the preferred high temperature resistant molded propellant charge 20 is a mixture of 84 percent by weight of a nitramine and 16% combustible polymeric binder, although an acceptable range for the nitramine is 87 percent wherein the polymeric binder would have a range of 13-20 percent.
  • the preferred nitramine is HMX (tetranitrotetramethylenetetramine or homocyclonite) although RDX (trinitrotrimethylenetriamene or cyclonite) is a satisfactory cyclic nitramine alternate, and the preferred polymeric binder is polyacrylate with cellulose acetate or cellulose butrate serving as reliable alternates.
  • the high temperature resistant molded propellant charge 20 preferably has a sidewall thickness of 0.015 to 0.025 inches, and the first and second cylinders 12, 20 have a predetermined weight ratio. of substantially 2:1.
  • the upper and lower or forward and rearward seals 21, 22 are constructed of the same material as the high temperature resistant molded cylinder 20.
  • a high temperature resistant telescope caseless cartridge comprising,
  • a first cylindrical single base molded propellant charge having a forward central passage containing a projectile completely encapsulated therein and a relatively larger rearward central passage
  • said high temperature resistant molded charge comprising a cyclic nitramine selected from the group consisting of tetranitrotetramethylenetetramine and trinitrotrimethylenetriamene, and a polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of polyacrylate, cellulose acetate and cellulose butrate, and
  • said high temperature resistant molded propellant charge is a mixture of 84 percent by weight of a nitramine and 16 percent combustible polymeric binder.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

A high temperature resistant caseless cartridge that minimizes the chance of accidental ignition. The cartridge has a first cylindrical nitro ester molded propellant charge that contains a telescoped projectile and is surrounded by a second cylindrical high temperature resistant molded propellant charge of a predetermined mixture of nitramine and a combustible polymeric binder.

Description

United States Patent Quinlan et al.
[111 3,847,081 1 Nov. 12, 1974 3.480,49O 11/1969 Finger 149/92 3,628,456 12/1971 Harrell... 102/DIG. l X 3,688,698 9/1972 Quinlan 102/40 X 3,730,094 5/l973 Quinlan t. lOZ/DIG. 1
Primary Examiner-Benjamin A. Borchelt Assistant Examiner-H. .1. Tudor Attorney, Agent, or FirmEugene F. Stevens, 11]; Herbert Berl; William Sommer [57] ABSTRACT 6 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure AMMUNITION [75] lnvcntors: Joseph B. Quinlan; Arthur F.
Darrah, both of Philadelphia, Pa.
[73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army, Washington, DC.
[22] Filed: Dec. 20, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 316,955
[52] US. Cl. 102/38, l02/D1G. 1 [51] Int. Cl. F42b 5/18 [58] Field of Search 102/38, 40, D16. 1; 149/92 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2966,405 12/1960 Sloan 149/92 X 3345.945 10/1967 Quinlan IOZ/DIG. l X
\y l2- l1 AMMUNITION The invention described herein may be manufactured, used and licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to us of 5 any royalty thereon.
This invention relates to ammunition and more particularly to a caseless cartridge.
1n the field of caseless ammunition a problem has existed wherein the molded nitro ester propellant charge of ammunition rounds sometimes ignited prematurely due to being placed in high temperature environments prior to the time the round is fired.
One of the objects of the invention is to provide a caseless cartridge of ammunition in which the chance of accidental ignition is substantially minimized.
Another object of the invention is to provide such an ammunition round having a maximum of environmental protection.
These and other objects, features and advantages will become more apparent from the following description and accompanying drawing which is an elevational sectional view of an ammunition round embodying the principles of the invention.
The preferred round of ammunition to which the invention is directed has a projectile l0 telescopingly received within a forward central passage 11 in a first cylindrically shaped nitro ester molded propellant charge 12. The molded charge has a relatively larger rearward central passage 13 that seats a booster seal 14, a primer cup 15 containing booster mix 16 and primer mix 17, and a primer seal 18. The internal surface defining the rearward recess 13 in molded charge 12 is coated with a combustible adhesive during assembly for securing seals 14, 18 and primer cup 15. The adhesive, which contains approximately 91 percent by volume of collodium and 9 percent acetone, is also applied to the forward and rearward surfaces of the primer cup for assembled securement to the seals l4, 18. The external or lateral surface of charge 12 is also coated with the adhesive when it is assembled within the surrounding second cylindrical high temperature resistant molded propellant charge 20 which has substantially the same length as charge 12. The adhesive is also applied to the forward and rearward end surfaces of both cylindrical charges 12, 20 and to the rearward surface of primer seal 18 so that both the forward or upper seal 21 and the rearward or lower seal 22 can be securely assembled across the corresponding forward and rearward ends of the concentrically assembled charges 12, 20.
Preferably, the nitro ester molded charge 12 is a single base composition and comprises the following constituents by weight:
nitrocellulose 92.8571 potassium sulfate 0.93 dinitrutoluene 5.57 diphenylamine 0.65
However, charge 12 can be made of other compositions including double base compositions. The primer cup 15, as well as booster and primer seals 14, 18 are also made of a single base nitro ester as in the above composition for charge 12.
The preferred high temperature resistant molded propellant charge 20 is a mixture of 84 percent by weight of a nitramine and 16% combustible polymeric binder, although an acceptable range for the nitramine is 87 percent wherein the polymeric binder would have a range of 13-20 percent. The preferred nitramine is HMX (tetranitrotetramethylenetetramine or homocyclonite) although RDX (trinitrotrimethylenetriamene or cyclonite) is a satisfactory cyclic nitramine alternate, and the preferred polymeric binder is polyacrylate with cellulose acetate or cellulose butrate serving as reliable alternates. The high temperature resistant molded propellant charge 20 preferably has a sidewall thickness of 0.015 to 0.025 inches, and the first and second cylinders 12, 20 have a predetermined weight ratio. of substantially 2:1.
Preferably, the upper and lower or forward and rearward seals 21, 22 are constructed of the same material as the high temperature resistant molded cylinder 20.
Various modifications, changes or alterations may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A high temperature resistant telescope caseless cartridge comprising,
a first cylindrical single base molded propellant charge having a forward central passage containing a projectile completely encapsulated therein and a relatively larger rearward central passage,
a booster seal extending across said rearward passage adjacent said projectile,
a primer cup containing a booster mix'and a primer mix in said rearward passage with said booster mix adjacent said booster seal,
a primer seal extending across said rearward passage adjacent said primer mix,
a second cylindrical high temperature resistant molded propellant charge surrounding the periphery of said first cylindrical molded charge, said high temperature resistant molded charge comprising a cyclic nitramine selected from the group consisting of tetranitrotetramethylenetetramine and trinitrotrimethylenetriamene, and a polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of polyacrylate, cellulose acetate and cellulose butrate, and
a pair of end seals extending completely across the respective ends of said second cylindrical molded propellant charge, said pair of end seals being of the same material as said high temperature resistant molded charge.
2. The structure in accordance with claim 1 wherein said high temperature resistant molded propellant charge is a mixture of 80 87 percent by weight of said nitramine and 13 20 percent of said combustible polymeric binder.
3. The structure of claim 2 wherein said nitramine is tetranitrotetramethylenetatramine, and said polymeric binder is polyacrylate.
4. The structure in accordance with claim 1 wherein said high temperature resistant molded propellant charge is a mixture of 84 percent by weight of a nitramine and 16 percent combustible polymeric binder.
5. The structure of claim 4 wherein said nitramine is tetranitrotetramethylenetatramine, and said polymeric binder is polyacrylate.
6. The structure of claim 1 wherein the first and second cylinders have a predetermined weight ratio of substantially 2:1

Claims (6)

1. A high temperature resistant telescope caseless cartridge comprising, a first cylindrical single base molded propellant charge having a forward central passage containing a projectile completely encapsulated therein and a relatively larger rearward central passage, a booster seal extending across said rearward passage adjacent said projectile, a primer cup containing a booster mix and a primer mix in said rearward passage with said booster mix adjacent said booster seal, a primer seal extending across said rearward passage adjacent said primer mix, a second cylindrical high temperature resistant molded propellant charge surrounding the periphery of said first cylindrical molded charge, said high temperature resistant molded charge comprising a cyclic nitramine selected from the group consisting of tetranitrotetramethylenetetramine and trinitrotrimethylenetriamene, and a polymeric binder selected from the group consisting of polyacrylate, cellulose acetate and cellulose butrate, and a pair of end seals extending completely across the respective ends of said second cylindrical molded propellant charge, said pair of end seals being of the same material as said high temperature resistant molded charge.
2. The structure in accordance with claim 1 wherein said high temperature resistant molded propellant charge is a mixture of 80 - 87 percent by weight of said nitramine and 13 - 20 percent of said combustible polymeric binder.
3. The structure of claim 2 wherein said nitramine is tetranitrotetramethylenetatramine, and said polymeric binder is polyacrylate.
4. The structure in accordance with claim 1 wherein said high temperature resistant molded propellant charge is a mixture of 84 percent by weight of a nitramine and 16 percent combustible polymeric binder.
5. The structure of claim 4 wherein said nitramine is tetranitrotetramethylenetatramine, and said polymeric binder is polyacrylate.
6. The structure of claim 1 wherein the first and second cylinders have a predetermined weight ratio of substantially 2:1.
US00316955A 1972-12-20 1972-12-20 Ammunition Expired - Lifetime US3847081A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2458877A1 (en) * 1974-12-12 1976-06-24 Deutsch Franz Forsch Inst COMBUSTIBLE PROTECTIVE COVER AGAINST THERMAL INFLUENCES FOR DRIVING CHARGES WITHOUT METAL CARTRIDGE
US4091729A (en) * 1977-03-07 1978-05-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Low vulnerability booster charge caseless ammunition
US4263070A (en) * 1973-01-17 1981-04-21 Thiokol Corporation Thermally stable gun and caseless cartridge propellants
DE2852172A1 (en) * 1978-12-02 1990-06-13 Dynamit Nobel Ag Ignition chain for propellant surrounding caseless ammunition round - consisting of loose powder compacting during component insertion
US5048422A (en) * 1990-09-10 1991-09-17 Honeywell Inc. Main propellant ignition liner for cased telescoped ammunition
US5054399A (en) * 1988-07-05 1991-10-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Bomb or ordnance with internal shock attenuation barrier
FR2672589A1 (en) * 1991-02-11 1992-08-14 Giat Ind Sa Propellent charge of the powder sheet type, process for its manufacture and ammunition incorporating such a charge
US5147978A (en) * 1990-09-10 1992-09-15 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Main propellant ignition liner for cased telescoped ammunition
US5173571A (en) * 1987-12-28 1992-12-22 Montgomery Donald N Projectile guide for telescoped ammunition
US5237928A (en) * 1988-07-28 1993-08-24 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Combustible cartridge case
WO1993018364A1 (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-09-16 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for firing caseless ammunition
EP0787701A3 (en) * 1990-08-31 1998-04-08 Olin Corporation Elastomer-containing casings for propellants
US6460464B1 (en) * 1999-07-19 2002-10-08 Henkel Loctite Corporation Adhesive for ring seal in center fire ammunition
DE10237707A1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-03-25 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, vertreten durch Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung Sleeveless ammunition, consists of a projectile, a detonation charge, a detonator, a boosting charge and a propellant charge
US20040069175A1 (en) * 1999-07-19 2004-04-15 Henkel Loctite Corporation Visible and UV/visible light anaerobic curable primer mix coating
US7146897B1 (en) 1999-07-19 2006-12-12 Henkel Corporation UV/visible light and anaerobic curable composition
DE10013686B4 (en) * 2000-03-21 2009-11-26 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Telescopic cartridge with burnable or consumable sleeve

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966405A (en) * 1955-01-03 1960-12-27 Atlantic Res Corp Cellulose ester propellant compositions
US3345945A (en) * 1965-08-03 1967-10-10 Joseph B Quinlan Uniformed density caseless cartridge
US3480490A (en) * 1964-08-10 1969-11-25 Atomic Energy Commission Multiphase extrudable explosives containing cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine or cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine
US3628456A (en) * 1969-09-29 1971-12-21 Hercules Inc Propellant charge for telescoped caseless ammunition having a deterrent-coated aft-end
US3688698A (en) * 1970-02-19 1972-09-05 Us Army Ammunition round
US3730094A (en) * 1970-06-12 1973-05-01 Us Army Energetic protective coating for caseless ammunition

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2966405A (en) * 1955-01-03 1960-12-27 Atlantic Res Corp Cellulose ester propellant compositions
US3480490A (en) * 1964-08-10 1969-11-25 Atomic Energy Commission Multiphase extrudable explosives containing cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine or cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine
US3345945A (en) * 1965-08-03 1967-10-10 Joseph B Quinlan Uniformed density caseless cartridge
US3628456A (en) * 1969-09-29 1971-12-21 Hercules Inc Propellant charge for telescoped caseless ammunition having a deterrent-coated aft-end
US3688698A (en) * 1970-02-19 1972-09-05 Us Army Ammunition round
US3730094A (en) * 1970-06-12 1973-05-01 Us Army Energetic protective coating for caseless ammunition

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4263070A (en) * 1973-01-17 1981-04-21 Thiokol Corporation Thermally stable gun and caseless cartridge propellants
FR2294421A1 (en) * 1974-12-12 1976-07-09 Saint Louis Inst Thermal effects resisting combustible envelope for propellant charge - consists of plastics foam with secondary explosives
DE2458877A1 (en) * 1974-12-12 1976-06-24 Deutsch Franz Forsch Inst COMBUSTIBLE PROTECTIVE COVER AGAINST THERMAL INFLUENCES FOR DRIVING CHARGES WITHOUT METAL CARTRIDGE
US4091729A (en) * 1977-03-07 1978-05-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Low vulnerability booster charge caseless ammunition
DE2852172A1 (en) * 1978-12-02 1990-06-13 Dynamit Nobel Ag Ignition chain for propellant surrounding caseless ammunition round - consisting of loose powder compacting during component insertion
US5173571A (en) * 1987-12-28 1992-12-22 Montgomery Donald N Projectile guide for telescoped ammunition
US5054399A (en) * 1988-07-05 1991-10-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Bomb or ordnance with internal shock attenuation barrier
US5237928A (en) * 1988-07-28 1993-08-24 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Combustible cartridge case
EP0787701A3 (en) * 1990-08-31 1998-04-08 Olin Corporation Elastomer-containing casings for propellants
US5048422A (en) * 1990-09-10 1991-09-17 Honeywell Inc. Main propellant ignition liner for cased telescoped ammunition
US5147978A (en) * 1990-09-10 1992-09-15 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Main propellant ignition liner for cased telescoped ammunition
EP0475279A1 (en) * 1990-09-10 1992-03-18 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Main propellant ignition liner for cased telescoped ammunition
FR2672589A1 (en) * 1991-02-11 1992-08-14 Giat Ind Sa Propellent charge of the powder sheet type, process for its manufacture and ammunition incorporating such a charge
WO1993018364A1 (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-09-16 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for firing caseless ammunition
US6460464B1 (en) * 1999-07-19 2002-10-08 Henkel Loctite Corporation Adhesive for ring seal in center fire ammunition
US20040069175A1 (en) * 1999-07-19 2004-04-15 Henkel Loctite Corporation Visible and UV/visible light anaerobic curable primer mix coating
US6883413B2 (en) 1999-07-19 2005-04-26 Henkel Corporation Visible and UV/visible light anaerobic curable primer mix coating
US7146897B1 (en) 1999-07-19 2006-12-12 Henkel Corporation UV/visible light and anaerobic curable composition
DE10013686B4 (en) * 2000-03-21 2009-11-26 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Telescopic cartridge with burnable or consumable sleeve
DE10237707A1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-03-25 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, vertreten durch Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung Sleeveless ammunition, consists of a projectile, a detonation charge, a detonator, a boosting charge and a propellant charge
DE10237707B4 (en) * 2002-08-16 2006-09-14 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Shellless ammunition with one bullet

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