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US3797434A - Hydrofoil control means - Google Patents

Hydrofoil control means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3797434A
US3797434A US00292030A US3797434DA US3797434A US 3797434 A US3797434 A US 3797434A US 00292030 A US00292030 A US 00292030A US 3797434D A US3797434D A US 3797434DA US 3797434 A US3797434 A US 3797434A
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Prior art keywords
hydrofoil
aft
attitude control
attached
pivot
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US00292030A
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L Matthews
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
    • B63B1/28—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils
    • B63B1/285—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils changing the angle of attack or the lift of the foil

Definitions

  • This invention relates to hydrofoils and more particularly relates to control devices for hydrofoils.
  • Hydrofoils are well known in the art and there are a number of methods of controlling them. When attached to a boat, the hydrofoils will lift the hull of the craft above the water at a certain predetermined speed. It is important that the angle of incidence of the hydrofoils be maintained to provide the desired lift. That is, that the hull of the craft be supported at a near constant height above the water surface.
  • hydrofoils remain at a certain level below the water. This is because hydrofoils which ride on the surface of the water provide a rough ride, especially in rough water.
  • the present invention is similar to the float control except that it provides a hydroplaning control surface attached to the tip of the hydrofoil, a predetermined distance above it.
  • the control surface more or less skims the surface of the water and automatically changes the angle of incidence to maintain the hydrofoil at a substantially constant depth.
  • the hydroplane surface is flat and tends to skim along and cut through choppy water to prevent the bobbing" effect that the floating does.
  • the control surface can also be adjusted and locked to increase or decrease the lift, if desired.
  • An additional feature is the provision of damping on the hydrofoil to prevent rapid changes of the angle of incidence. This also tends to smooth the ride in choppy or rough water. Included with the damping are stops to maintain the angle of incidence of the hydrofoil within predetermined limits.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide automatic attitude control of hydrofoils with stops to limit the maximum angle of incidence.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a boat with the: hydrofoil control of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the hydrofoil with the attitude control surface.
  • FIG. 1 shows a boat 10 with hydrofoils 12 attached fore and aft to struts 14.
  • the size and number of hydrofoils obviously will vary with the size of the boat. Usu ally there are four, two forward and two aft. In some smaller craft, there may be only one forward and two aft, spaced on either side of propeller 28. The same principles of the invention apply regardless of the number of hydrofoils. 3
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the hydrofoil construction in greater detail.
  • Hydrofoil 12 is supported on strut 14 by pivot26, which may be of any design.
  • Hydrofoil 12 is attached to pivot 26 so that the surface area aft of the pivot is greater than the surface area in front of the pivot, not including the surface area of attitude control 20.
  • the pressure against the larger area of the primary plane aft of pivot 26 tends to cause a counterclockwise rotation (as viewed in FIG. 1 forcing the tip of hydrofoil 12 down.
  • Attitude control plane 20 is attached to the hydrofoil 12 by vertical support 22 which may be any desired length (perhaps 20 inches).
  • the attitude control 20 is fastened to vertical support 22 by a lockable pivot 30.
  • the attitude control will be at a slight upward angle with respect to hydrofoil 12.
  • attitude control 20 can be adjusted to give more or less lift as desired for optimum performance.
  • attitude control 20 moves through the water and a moment is generated which tends to rotate hydrofoil l2 clockwise (as viewed in FIG. 1) so that the angle of attack of its primary plane increases. That is, attitude control 20 tends to force the tip of hydrofoil 12 up in the opposition to the pressure against the larger area of the hydrofoil primary plane aft of pivot 26. This provides lift until the attitude control 20 emerges from the water.
  • attitude control 20 is out of the water, there is a moment generated by the dynamic pressure of the water acting on the greater area of the hydrofoil l2 aft of the pivot 26 which tends to force the tip of hydrofoil 12 down. This reduces lift, permitting the boat to sink in the water until the attitude control 20 is again submerged. With the proper forward velocity, the invention will maintain boat 10 at a position where hydrofoil 12 is submerged at an approximate depth equal to the length of the attitude control support 22.
  • stops l6 and 18 are provided.
  • the angle limiting effect of stops l6 and 18 is shown in FIG. 1.
  • An additional feature is the inclusion of hydraulic damping by chamber 24. This has the effect of limiting the angular rate of change of hydrofoil 12 which tends to smooth out the ride.
  • a limit on the rotation of hydrofoil 12 is adequate as shown in FIG. 1.
  • Other methods of damping can be used, if desired, or none at all.
  • a flexible material similar to a spring could be attached to the hydrofoil and extend into stop 16 or a slip clutch could be provided at pivot 26. Of course, whatever method is used, the material must be corrosion resistant for obvious reasons.
  • attitude control of a hydrofoil provides smooth and even riding by keeping the hydrofoil at a predetermined depth below the water.
  • the flat shape of the attitude control cuts through choppy water averaging out the effect of the hydrofoil. This, coupled with damping of the hydrofoil motion, provides smooth and effective control of the boat.
  • Apparatus for controlling the attitude of a hydrofoil comprising:
  • attitude control plane attached to the forward end of the hydrofoil by a straight vertical support; said attitude control plane being adjustably mounted with a slight upward angle with respect to the hydrofoil whereby a moment is generated when the attitude control moves through water, which tends to rotate the hydrofoil clockwise, forcing the tip up in opposition to the pressure against the larger area of the hydrofoil aft of the pivot;
  • damping means comprises a hydraulic cylinder incorporated in said aft extending arm and attached to the aft end of the hydrofoil.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Position Or Direction (AREA)

Abstract

An attitude control for a primary lifting hydroplane in the form of a control surface attached to the forward tip of the primary plane by a vertical support. The control plane maintains the primary plane at a fixed depth. Hydraulic dampers including stops control the rate and maximum amount of angular motion of the primary plane.

Description

United States Patent 1 Matthews 1 HYDROFOIL CONTROL MEANS [76] Inventor: Lyle E. Matthews, 3412 Minna St.,
Oxnard. Calif. 93030 [22] Filed: Sept. 25, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 292,030
[52] US. Cl. 114/665 H [51] Int. Cl B631) l/28 [58] Field of Search 114/665 H, 66.5 R, 66.5 P;
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3.364.892 1/1968 Persson et a1 114/665 H 1.835.618 12/1931 Waller 114/665 H 3.394.673 7/1968 Hamori... 115/70 3.456.611 7/1969 J0hnson.. 114/666 H 2.387.907 10/1945 Hook 114/665 H 2.597.048 5/1952 Almquist et a1. 114/665 H Mar. 19, 1974 2972.974 2/1961 Follett 114/66.5 H 3.081,728 3/1963 Wilterdink et a1 114/665 H FORElGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 588.733 6/1947 Great Britain 114/665 H Primary Examiner-Milton Buchler Assistant Examiner-Barry L. Kelmiachter Arror'ney, Agent. or Firm-Richard S. Sciascia; Joseph M. St. Amand; David OReilly [57] ABSTRACT An attitude control for a primary lifting hydroplane in the form of a control surface attached to the forward tip of the primary plane by a vertical support. The control plane maintains the primary plane at a fixed depth. Hydraulic dampers including stops control the rate and maximum amount of angular motion of the primary plane.
2 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures PAIENTEDHARIQ 1914 Fig. l.
HYDROFOIL CONTROL MEANS STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to hydrofoils and more particularly relates to control devices for hydrofoils.
Hydrofoils are well known in the art and there are a number of methods of controlling them. When attached to a boat, the hydrofoils will lift the hull of the craft above the water at a certain predetermined speed. It is important that the angle of incidence of the hydrofoils be maintained to provide the desired lift. That is, that the hull of the craft be supported at a near constant height above the water surface.
It is also important that the hydrofoils remain at a certain level below the water. This is because hydrofoils which ride on the surface of the water provide a rough ride, especially in rough water.
One solution to this problem is by the use of a servo mechanism to control the angle of incidence of the hydrofoil. While this solution is generally satisfactory, it is complicated and expensive to build and maintain.
Yet another solution to the problem isto provide a float attached to the hydrofoil. While effective, the floating control is not entirely satisfactory. The float generally follows thecontour of the water and could cause a rough ride in very choppy water.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is similar to the float control except that it provides a hydroplaning control surface attached to the tip of the hydrofoil, a predetermined distance above it. The control surface more or less skims the surface of the water and automatically changes the angle of incidence to maintain the hydrofoil at a substantially constant depth. The hydroplane surface is flat and tends to skim along and cut through choppy water to prevent the bobbing" effect that the floating does. The control surface can also be adjusted and locked to increase or decrease the lift, if desired.
An additional feature is the provision of damping on the hydrofoil to prevent rapid changes of the angle of incidence. This also tends to smooth the ride in choppy or rough water. Included with the damping are stops to maintain the angle of incidence of the hydrofoil within predetermined limits.
STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION A still further object of the present invention is to provide automatic attitude control of hydrofoils with stops to limit the maximum angle of incidence.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates a boat with the: hydrofoil control of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a view of the hydrofoil with the attitude control surface.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 1 shows a boat 10 with hydrofoils 12 attached fore and aft to struts 14. The size and number of hydrofoils obviously will vary with the size of the boat. Usu ally there are four, two forward and two aft. In some smaller craft, there may be only one forward and two aft, spaced on either side of propeller 28. The same principles of the invention apply regardless of the number of hydrofoils. 3
FIG. 2 illustrates the hydrofoil construction in greater detail. Hydrofoil 12 is supported on strut 14 by pivot26, which may be of any design. Hydrofoil 12 is attached to pivot 26 so that the surface area aft of the pivot is greater than the surface area in front of the pivot, not including the surface area of attitude control 20. Thus, the pressure against the larger area of the primary plane aft of pivot 26 tends to cause a counterclockwise rotation (as viewed in FIG. 1 forcing the tip of hydrofoil 12 down.
Attitude control plane 20 is attached to the hydrofoil 12 by vertical support 22 which may be any desired length (perhaps 20 inches). The attitude control 20 is fastened to vertical support 22 by a lockable pivot 30. Generally, the attitude control will be at a slight upward angle with respect to hydrofoil 12. With the pivotal mount 30, attitude control 20 can be adjusted to give more or less lift as desired for optimum performance.
In operation, attitude control 20 moves through the water and a moment is generated which tends to rotate hydrofoil l2 clockwise (as viewed in FIG. 1) so that the angle of attack of its primary plane increases. That is, attitude control 20 tends to force the tip of hydrofoil 12 up in the opposition to the pressure against the larger area of the hydrofoil primary plane aft of pivot 26. This provides lift until the attitude control 20 emerges from the water. When attitude control 20 is out of the water, there is a moment generated by the dynamic pressure of the water acting on the greater area of the hydrofoil l2 aft of the pivot 26 which tends to force the tip of hydrofoil 12 down. This reduces lift, permitting the boat to sink in the water until the attitude control 20 is again submerged. With the proper forward velocity, the invention will maintain boat 10 at a position where hydrofoil 12 is submerged at an approximate depth equal to the length of the attitude control support 22.
In order to limit the maximum angle of attack of hydrofoil 12, stops l6 and 18 are provided. The angle limiting effect of stops l6 and 18 is shown in FIG. 1. An additional feature is the inclusion of hydraulic damping by chamber 24. This has the effect of limiting the angular rate of change of hydrofoil 12 which tends to smooth out the ride. Generally, a limit on the rotation of hydrofoil 12 is adequate as shown in FIG. 1. Other methods of damping can be used, if desired, or none at all. For example, a flexible material similar to a spring could be attached to the hydrofoil and extend into stop 16 or a slip clutch could be provided at pivot 26. Of course, whatever method is used, the material must be corrosion resistant for obvious reasons.
Thus, there has been disclosed a novel device for attitude control of a hydrofoil. The attitude control provides smooth and even riding by keeping the hydrofoil at a predetermined depth below the water. The flat shape of the attitude control cuts through choppy water averaging out the effect of the hydrofoil. This, coupled with damping of the hydrofoil motion, provides smooth and effective control of the boat.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
Iclaim:
1. Apparatus for controlling the attitude of a hydrofoil comprising:
means for pivotally mounting the hydrofoil so that the surface area aft of the pivot is greater than the surface area in front of the pivot whereby pressure against the larger area tends to cause a counterclockwise rotation, forcing the tip of the hydrofoil down;
a flat attitude control plane attached to the forward end of the hydrofoil by a straight vertical support; said attitude control plane being adjustably mounted with a slight upward angle with respect to the hydrofoil whereby a moment is generated when the attitude control moves through water, which tends to rotate the hydrofoil clockwise, forcing the tip up in opposition to the pressure against the larger area of the hydrofoil aft of the pivot;
a pair of arms attached to the hydrofoil pivotally mounting means extending forward and aft and acting as stops to limit the maximum angle of incidence of the hydrofoil to 20; and
means attached to the aft extending arm for damping the angular rate of change of the hydrofoil.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said damping means comprises a hydraulic cylinder incorporated in said aft extending arm and attached to the aft end of the hydrofoil.

Claims (2)

1. Apparatus for controlling the attitude of a hydrofoil comprising: means for pivotally mounting the hydrofoil so that the surface area aft of the pivot is greater than the surface area in front of the pivot whereby pressure against the larger area tends to cause a counter-clockwise rotation, forcing the tip of the hydrofoil down; a flat attitude control plane attached to the forward end of the hydrofoil by a straight vertical support; said attitude control plane being adjustably mounted with a slight upward angle with respect to the hydrofoil whereby a moment is generated when the attitude control moves through water, which tends to rotate the hydrofoil clockwise, forcing the tip up in opposition to the pressure against the larger area of the hydrofoil aft of the pivot; a pair of arms attached to the hydrofoil pivotally mounting means extending forward and aft and acting as stops to limit the maximum angle of incidence of the hydrofoil to 20*; and means attached to the aft extending arm for damping the angular rate of change of the hydrofoil.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said damping means comprises a hydraulic cylinder incorporated in said aft extending arm and attached to the aft end of the hydrofoil.
US00292030A 1972-09-25 1972-09-25 Hydrofoil control means Expired - Lifetime US3797434A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4320546A (en) * 1979-07-23 1982-03-23 Knox Carleton R Surfboard
JPS58501749A (en) * 1981-10-19 1983-10-13 モトロ−ラ・インコ−ポレ−テツド Vertical sync counter that automatically recognizes television scan line standards
US4517912A (en) * 1982-08-16 1985-05-21 Jones Clyde B Hydrofoil control
US4615291A (en) * 1982-08-16 1986-10-07 Jones Clyde B Hydrofoil boat
FR2652558A1 (en) * 1989-03-03 1991-04-05 Durand Gilles Float equipped with an underwater support fin controlled by a feeler (sensor)
US5311832A (en) * 1991-12-20 1994-05-17 Dynafoils, Inc. Advanced marine vehicles for operation at high speeds in or above rough water
US5653189A (en) * 1991-12-20 1997-08-05 Dynafoils, Inc. Hydrofoil craft
WO2001030644A1 (en) * 1999-10-22 2001-05-03 Subert Istvan Ultra thin boat body supported by hydrofoils
EP1878651A2 (en) * 2006-07-13 2008-01-16 Udo Gehrer Light hydrofoil
US20100030411A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2010-02-04 Jim Wilson Marine vessel control system
US20130054141A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-02-28 Princeton Satellite Systems Weighted Path Selection for Mapping Route Selection
US20140005943A1 (en) * 2011-01-11 2014-01-02 Navteq B.V. Method and System for Calculating an Energy Efficient Route
US20200047849A1 (en) * 2017-02-17 2020-02-13 BA Technologies Limited Powerboat

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1835618A (en) * 1928-11-01 1931-12-08 Waller Fred Water craft
US2387907A (en) * 1942-11-03 1945-10-30 Hook Christopher Craft of the hydroplane type
GB588733A (en) * 1944-12-15 1947-06-02 Christopher Hook Improvements relating to high speed water craft
US2597048A (en) * 1948-05-24 1952-05-20 Supermarin Ab Watercraft
US2972974A (en) * 1956-07-23 1961-02-28 Harold E Follett Hydrofoil craft
US3081728A (en) * 1960-07-15 1963-03-19 Bullard Co Hydrofoil craft
US3364892A (en) * 1966-10-10 1968-01-23 Asea Ab Control means for hydrofoil craft
US3394673A (en) * 1967-06-28 1968-07-30 Julius A. Hamori Water ski scooter
US3456611A (en) * 1968-07-12 1969-07-22 Lew W Johnson Hydrofoil craft

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1835618A (en) * 1928-11-01 1931-12-08 Waller Fred Water craft
US2387907A (en) * 1942-11-03 1945-10-30 Hook Christopher Craft of the hydroplane type
GB588733A (en) * 1944-12-15 1947-06-02 Christopher Hook Improvements relating to high speed water craft
US2597048A (en) * 1948-05-24 1952-05-20 Supermarin Ab Watercraft
US2972974A (en) * 1956-07-23 1961-02-28 Harold E Follett Hydrofoil craft
US3081728A (en) * 1960-07-15 1963-03-19 Bullard Co Hydrofoil craft
US3364892A (en) * 1966-10-10 1968-01-23 Asea Ab Control means for hydrofoil craft
US3394673A (en) * 1967-06-28 1968-07-30 Julius A. Hamori Water ski scooter
US3456611A (en) * 1968-07-12 1969-07-22 Lew W Johnson Hydrofoil craft

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4320546A (en) * 1979-07-23 1982-03-23 Knox Carleton R Surfboard
JPS58501749A (en) * 1981-10-19 1983-10-13 モトロ−ラ・インコ−ポレ−テツド Vertical sync counter that automatically recognizes television scan line standards
US4517912A (en) * 1982-08-16 1985-05-21 Jones Clyde B Hydrofoil control
US4615291A (en) * 1982-08-16 1986-10-07 Jones Clyde B Hydrofoil boat
FR2652558A1 (en) * 1989-03-03 1991-04-05 Durand Gilles Float equipped with an underwater support fin controlled by a feeler (sensor)
US5311832A (en) * 1991-12-20 1994-05-17 Dynafoils, Inc. Advanced marine vehicles for operation at high speeds in or above rough water
US5469801A (en) * 1991-12-20 1995-11-28 Dynafoils, Inc. Advanced marine vehicles for operation at high speed in or above rough water
US5653189A (en) * 1991-12-20 1997-08-05 Dynafoils, Inc. Hydrofoil craft
WO2001030644A1 (en) * 1999-10-22 2001-05-03 Subert Istvan Ultra thin boat body supported by hydrofoils
US20100030411A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2010-02-04 Jim Wilson Marine vessel control system
US9274528B2 (en) * 2005-06-23 2016-03-01 Marine 1, Llc Marine vessel control system
DE102006032626A1 (en) * 2006-07-13 2008-01-17 Gehrer, Udo, Dipl.-Ing. Light hydrofoil
EP1878651A3 (en) * 2006-07-13 2008-06-04 Udo Gehrer Light hydrofoil
DE102006032626B4 (en) * 2006-07-13 2010-07-01 Gehrer, Udo, Dipl.-Ing. Light hydrofoil
EP1878651A2 (en) * 2006-07-13 2008-01-16 Udo Gehrer Light hydrofoil
US20140005943A1 (en) * 2011-01-11 2014-01-02 Navteq B.V. Method and System for Calculating an Energy Efficient Route
US9506765B2 (en) * 2011-01-11 2016-11-29 Here Global B.V. Method and system for calculating an energy efficient route
US20130054141A1 (en) * 2011-08-29 2013-02-28 Princeton Satellite Systems Weighted Path Selection for Mapping Route Selection
US20200047849A1 (en) * 2017-02-17 2020-02-13 BA Technologies Limited Powerboat
US10875606B2 (en) * 2017-02-17 2020-12-29 BA Technologies Limited Powerboat

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